CN115912985A - Three-output node type hybrid nano generator, mechanical energy power generation device integrating piezoelectric and triboelectric units and application of mechanical energy power generation device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a three-output node type hybrid nano generator, a mechanical energy power generation device integrating piezoelectric and triboelectric units and application thereof. The nano-generator comprises a piezoelectric unit and a triboelectric unit which can be contacted and separated, and also comprises three electrode layers, wherein a first electrode is arranged on the triboelectric unit, a second electrode is arranged between the piezoelectric unit and the triboelectric unit, and a third electrode is arranged on the piezoelectric unit. The power generation device comprises a three-output node type hybrid nano-generator and a three-phase full-wave rectification circuit matched with the three-output node type hybrid nano-generator. The power generation device is applied to charging of a super capacitor and/or a lithium battery. Compared with the prior art, the mechanical energy collecting device integrated with the piezoelectric friction electric unit has the characteristics of compact structure, high space utilization rate, easiness in preparation and excellent performance, is suitable for integrated development of a self-driven micro system, and forms an array device for large-scale mechanical energy collection.

Description

Three-output node type hybrid nano generator, mechanical energy power generation device integrating piezoelectric and triboelectric units and application of mechanical energy power generation device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of nano generators, in particular to a three-output node type hybrid nano generator, a mechanical energy power generation device integrating piezoelectric and triboelectric units and application thereof.

Background

In recent years, more and more portable electronic products with low power consumption, light weight, small volume, flexibility and multiple functions enter the daily life of people and become an indispensable part of the modern intelligent society. Since mobile electronic products need to be used for a long time, frequent battery replacement or charging is inevitably required, resulting in inconvenience in implementation, high maintenance cost, potential environmental problems, and many safety concerns. Therefore, it would be a promising solution to power these electronic devices by collecting renewable energy in the environment.

Various sustainable energy sources generally exist in the environment, such as solar energy, wave energy, wind energy, mechanical movement energy and the like, and can be converted into electric energy through different energy conversion mechanisms. Among these energy conversion devices, solar cells, wind turbines, and electromagnetic generators provide large-scale electricity, but they are too dependent on natural conditions and high in investment and maintenance costs.

The piezoelectric or triboelectric nano generator has the advantages of light weight, low cost, convenient manufacture, outstanding low-frequency energy collection capability and the like, and can realize the applications of human motion monitoring, biological mechanical energy collection, ocean wave energy power generation and the like. However, the problems of unsatisfactory energy utilization efficiency and low output performance of the nano-generator device designed based on the single energy conversion principle still exist under the low-frequency excitation, and the space utilization rate of the device needs to be further improved, so that the popularization of the device in practical scenes such as bio-mechanical energy collection and wave energy collection is limited.

Therefore, a novel hybrid nano generator device is developed, the energy utilization rate and the output performance of the device are improved by utilizing various energy conversion mechanisms, the space utilization rate of the device is fully improved through reasonable structural design, and the hybrid nano generator device is one of the directions of great development potential of future micro-nano energy in the fields of flexible wearable electronics, wave power generation and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and provides a three-output node hybrid nano-generator, a mechanical energy power generation device integrated with piezoelectric and triboelectric units, and applications thereof. The device aims to solve the problem that the output power of the existing hybrid energy acquisition device is smaller than the sum of the output power of a single device due to the characteristic difference of the devices, and the low-frequency mechanical energy is efficiently collected through the piezoelectric effect and the triboelectric effect. The invention can construct an array device for large-scale mechanical energy collection, can collect and utilize mechanical energy in a life scene, and stores the mechanical energy in a super capacitor or a lithium battery, and has certain practical value.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

a three-output node type hybrid nano-generator comprises a piezoelectric unit, a triboelectric unit and three electrode layers, wherein the piezoelectric unit and the triboelectric unit can be contacted and separated, a first electrode is arranged on the triboelectric unit, a second electrode is arranged between the piezoelectric unit and the triboelectric unit, and a third electrode is arranged on the piezoelectric unit.

Further, the piezoelectric unit comprises a substrate serving as a third electrode, a piezoelectric functional material and a conductive paste layer serving as a second electrode, which are sequentially stacked. And a second electrode which is one electrode shared by the piezoelectric unit and the triboelectric unit.

Furthermore, the substrate is made of a copper sheet, the copper sheet is used as the substrate of the whole hybrid nano generator and is also used as a third electrode, the piezoelectric functional material is made of a lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5A) ceramic sheet and is deformed under the mechanical action to generate charges, and the conductive slurry is made of silver paste. The thickness of the ceramic sheet of lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5A) is 0.2-0.3mm, and the thickness of the copper sheet substrate is 0.1-0.2mm.

Furthermore, the triboelectric unit is of an arch structure and comprises a friction positive-polarity material, a friction negative-polarity material and a flexible rolling plate which are sequentially overlapped, a gap exists between the friction positive-polarity material and the friction negative-polarity material, and the friction positive-polarity material is attached to the second electrode.

Further, the friction positive-polarity material is a biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film, the friction negative-polarity material is a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film, and the flexible rolling plate is polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

Furthermore, the Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film is positioned on one side close to the friction positive-polarity material, an aluminum foil serving as a first electrode is arranged on the Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film and is adhered to the flexible rolling plate, and the gap between the Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film and the biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film is 2-5mm.

A pre-polarization treatment method of the three-output node type hybrid nano-generator uses a high-voltage polarizer to pre-polarize a triboelectric unit, and comprises the following specific steps: connecting a first electrode to a high-voltage output end of a high-voltage polarizer, connecting a second electrode to a ground end of the high-voltage polarizer, suspending a third electrode, applying a polarization electric field, and finishing pre-polarization treatment; the voltage of the polarization electric field is 2.5-3.5kV, and the time duration is 20-40min.

Breakdown and electric leakage phenomena do not occur in the polarization process; the anticipatory processing can obviously improve the electron gaining and losing tendencies of the two triboelectric materials, thereby improving the output performance of the triboelectric unit.

A mechanical energy power generation device integrated with piezoelectric and triboelectric units comprises the three-output node type hybrid nano-generator and a three-phase full-wave rectification circuit matched with the three-output node type hybrid nano-generator; the three-phase full-wave rectification circuit comprises three rectification branches containing rectification diodes and a load end, wherein each rectification branch is respectively connected with a first electrode, a second electrode and a third electrode in a circuit mode.

Furthermore, two rectifier diodes of IN4007 type are arranged IN the rectifying branch, and the connection point of the first electrode, the second electrode or the third electrode and the rectifying branch is positioned between the two rectifier diodes. The device output characteristics of the high-voltage micro-current are met.

Under the external mechanical action, the triboelectric unit firstly generates contact electrification to generate output to the first electrode and the second electrode; then, an external force acts on the piezoelectric unit to generate deformation, and output is generated to the second electrode and the third electrode due to the piezoelectric effect; output currents on the three electrodes are output to a load end after passing through a three-phase full-wave rectification circuit; the electrical output is a direct current pulse signal, the output open circuit voltage can reach hundreds of volts, and the short circuit current can reach a few milliamperes.

Use of a mechanical energy generation device integrating piezoelectric and triboelectric units as described above for charging super capacitors and/or lithium batteries.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

(1) The mechanical energy power generation device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, high space utilization rate, light weight and portability, and can be suitable for integrated development of a self-driven micro system;

(2) The mechanical energy power generation device prepared by the invention has the advantages that under the low-frequency excitation, the piezoelectric and triboelectric units alternately provide energy output, the two energy conversion mechanisms are relatively independent and have small mutual interference, and the mechanical energy power generation device is easy to influence between the two energy conversion mechanisms in the same type of mixed nano generator devices (such as a piezoelectric effect enhanced triboelectric nano generator and a triboelectric effect enhanced piezo-electric nano generator), so that one effect is greatly idle or sacrificed;

(3) The invention has obvious advantages in output voltage and current, can realize high-efficiency low-frequency mechanical energy collection, and can further construct array devices for large-scale mechanical energy collection.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a mechanical energy generation device with integrated piezoelectric and triboelectric units in an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is the output performance of the mechanical energy power generation device under the excitation of a linear motor in the embodiment;

FIG. 3 is the output performance of the mechanical energy power generation device under different acting forces in the embodiment;

FIG. 4 shows the output performance of the mechanical energy power generation device under different excitations in the embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the capacitive charging performance of the mechanical energy generation device at excitation frequencies of 0.5Hz and 4.0Hz in the example;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a 2 × 2 array device constructed based on the hybrid nano-generator and the output current thereof in the embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a charging curve of the lithium battery and the super capacitor as the array device in the embodiment, and a voltage curve when the super capacitor supplies power to the charger;

fig. 8 is a schematic view of a mechanical energy power generation device in an embodiment.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

Before the present embodiments are further described, it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described below; it is also to be understood that the terminology used in the examples is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Test methods in which specific conditions are not noted in the following examples are generally performed under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by each manufacturer.

When numerical ranges are given in the examples, it is understood that both endpoints of each of the numerical ranges and any value therebetween can be selected unless the invention otherwise indicated. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In addition to the specific methods, devices, and materials used in the examples, any methods, devices, and materials similar or equivalent to those described in the examples may be used in the practice of the invention in addition to the specific methods, devices, and materials used in the examples, in keeping with the knowledge of one skilled in the art and with the description of the invention.

Examples

A mechanical energy power generation device integrating piezoelectric and triboelectric units is shown in figure 8 and comprises a hybrid nano generator consisting of the piezoelectric units and the triboelectric units and a matched three-phase full-wave rectification circuit. The hybrid nano generator is a contact-separation type mechanical energy collecting device, is divided into a triboelectric unit with a top layer configuration structure and a piezoelectric unit with a bottom layer charging substrate, is provided with three electrode layers in total, and is a three-output node type device. The piezoelectric unit is used as a fixed end as a substrate, the triboelectric unit of the arch structure is based on an elastic deformable substrate, can be in contact with and separated from a friction layer material on the upper side of the piezoelectric unit and is a floating end, three electrode layers are fixed electrodes, and the three-phase full-wave rectification circuit comprises six rectifier diodes, three input interfaces and two output interfaces.

The piezoelectric unit comprises a copper sheet, a lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5A) ceramic sheet and silver paste; wherein, the copper sheet with the size of 60 multiplied by 30 multiplied by 0.2mm is not only a substrate of the whole hybrid nano generator, but also a third electrode; lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5A) ceramic plates with the size of 39 multiplied by 29 multiplied by 0.2mm are used as piezoelectric functional materials and are deformed under the mechanical action to generate electric charges, so that the mechanical energy is converted into electric energy; the silver paste with the size of 38 multiplied by 28mm is used as a second electrode and is used as one electrode shared by the piezoelectric unit and the triboelectric unit; a biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film was attached to the second electrode, measuring 39X 29X 0.05mm.

The triboelectric unit comprises a biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film, a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film, an aluminum foil electrode and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) rolling plate; the Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film and the biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film have the same size, wherein the biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film with the size of 39 multiplied by 29 multiplied by 0.05mm is attached on the second electrode and is a friction positive material; a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film with the size of 39 multiplied by 29 multiplied by 0.1mm is attached on an aluminum foil electrode, namely a first electrode, and is a friction negative polarity material; adhering the friction negative electrode to a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) rolling plate, wherein the device is arched, and the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) rolling plate at the topmost part and the copper sheet substrate at the bottommost part are fixedly connected in the width direction, so that a gap is reserved between a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film and a biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film; and the clearance between the materials with the positive and negative polarities is kept between 2 and 5mm, so that the excellent output performance is obtained. The electrode layer, functional material and structural member material all remain centrally corresponding.

The contact-separation type hybrid nano-generator needs to use a high-voltage polarizer to carry out pre-polarization treatment on the triboelectric unit. During polarization, the hybrid nano generator is kept in a close contact state, the first electrode is connected to the high-voltage output end of the polarizer, the second electrode is connected to the grounding end of the polarizer, and the third electrode is suspended and fixed; applying a 3kV polarization electric field for 30min, and avoiding breakdown and electric leakage in the polarization process; the anticipatory processing endows the Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film with the friction negative polarity with stronger electron obtaining capability, and the biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film with the friction positive polarity with stronger electron losing energy, so that the electron obtaining and losing tendencies of two triboelectric materials can be remarkably improved, and further the output performance of the triboelectric unit is improved.

The mechanical energy power generation device integrated with the piezoelectric and triboelectric units further comprises a lead and a full-wave rectifier circuit module, wherein the rectifier circuit adopts six IN4007 type rectifier diodes, and the output characteristics of the device accord with high-voltage micro-current. Under the external mechanical action, the triboelectric unit firstly generates contact electrification to generate output to the first electrode and the second electrode; then, an external force acts on the piezoelectric unit to generate deformation, and output is generated to the second electrode and the third electrode due to the piezoelectric effect; output currents on the three electrodes are output to a load end after passing through a three-phase full-wave rectification circuit; the electrical output is a direct current pulse signal, the output open circuit voltage can reach hundreds of volts, and the short circuit current can reach a few milliamperes.

The hybrid nano generator unit can construct a 2 x 2 array device, is matched with a three-phase full-wave rectification circuit to collect mechanical energy, and stores the electrical energy into a super capacitor and a lithium battery.

In the specific implementation process, referring to fig. 1, the mechanical energy power generation device integrated with the piezoelectric and triboelectric units comprises a hybrid nano-generator and a matched rectification circuit. The area of the mixed nano generator is 60 multiplied by 30mm, and the thickness of the device is not more than 4mm when the device is in close contact; the matched three-phase full-wave rectification module is only coin-sized and is provided with six rectifier diodes, three input interfaces and two output interfaces.

Fig. 2 shows the open-circuit voltage and the single-circuit current output by the mechanical energy power generation device under the excitation of the linear motor. The applied force of the linear motor is constant at 50N, and when the excitation frequency is 0.5Hz, the device outputs an open-circuit voltage of 810V and a short-circuit current of 0.65mA, as shown in FIG. 2 (a); when the excitation frequency is 4.0Hz, the output voltage can reach 500V, and the short-circuit current can reach 1.10mA, as shown in FIG. 2 (b).

As can be seen from fig. 3, as the applied force increases, the output voltage and current of the device are increased, which benefits from more sufficient contact electrification effect of the triboelectric unit and more effective strain in the piezoelectric unit. Under the same acting force, with the increase of the excitation frequency,

as shown in fig. 4, the output voltage of the device is decreased and then gradually stabilizes after 4.0Hz, and the output current is further increased. These test data show that the mechanical energy power generation device can still have good output performance under the low-frequency excitation of 0.5-5.0 Hz.

FIG. 5 is a graph of the capacitive charging performance of the mechanical energy generation device at excitation frequencies of 0.5Hz and 4.0Hz, respectively. It can be seen that when the excitation frequency is 0.5Hz, the capacitances of 1, 4.7 and 10 μ F need only be charged to 5V for 2, 8 and 23s, as in fig. 5 (a); while at 4.0Hz, the capacitors of 0.47, 1 and 10mF need only be charged to 5V for 100, 220 and 2700s, as shown in FIG. 5 (b). This indicates that the device can harvest mechanical energy and store the converted electrical energy into a capacitor.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a 2 × 2 array device constructed based on the hybrid nano-generator proposed in the present invention, which also has three output nodes and can be matched with the rectifier circuit module. The array design aims to further increase the output current of the device, and as shown in fig. 6 (b), the output current can reach 4mA. Based on the high output performance of the array device, mechanical energy can be effectively collected to charge a lithium battery and a super capacitor.

As shown in fig. 7 (a), the lithium battery with 30mAh can be charged from 2.6V to 3.65V for about 40h when the array type mechanical energy power generation device is excited at 4.0Hz, which indicates that the lithium battery can be powered by continuous mechanical energy collection, and the weak energy is much less. Similarly, the super capacitor of 0.5F can be charged to 5V for about 20h, as shown in fig. 7 (b), and the energy stored in the super capacitor can be further charged by commercial charger for more than 24min, as shown in fig. 7 (c). In the two types of energy storage elements, the super capacitor is suitable for high instantaneous power output type application, the lithium battery is suitable for constant power output type application, and the charging time can be accelerated by constructing more array type devices. Therefore, the mechanical energy power generation device with compact structure, light weight and portability is very suitable for the integrated development of the self-driven microsystem and the large-scale mechanical energy collection.

In summary, the mechanical energy power generation device integrating the piezoelectric and triboelectric units has the characteristics of simple structure, small volume, high space utilization rate and large output current and voltage, can effectively collect mechanical energy in the environment, is matched with a matched rectifying circuit to output direct current, can further charge energy storage elements such as a super capacitor and a lithium battery, and meets the power consumption requirements of high instantaneous power output type and constant power output type electronic devices. Three output nodes of the piezoelectric triboelectric hybrid nano generator are matched with a three-phase full-wave rectifying circuit, so that the complexity of the rectifying circuit is reduced, the rectified output voltage can reach hundreds of volts, the output current can reach milliampere level, and a super capacitor and a lithium battery can be charged. The mechanical energy collecting device of the integrated piezoelectric friction electric unit has the characteristics of compact structure, high space utilization rate, easiness in preparation and excellent performance, is suitable for integrated development of a self-driven micro system, and forms an array device for large-scale mechanical energy collection.

The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A three-output node type hybrid nano-generator is characterized by comprising a piezoelectric unit, a triboelectric unit and three electrode layers, wherein the piezoelectric unit and the triboelectric unit can be contacted and separated, a first electrode is arranged on the triboelectric unit, a second electrode is arranged between the piezoelectric unit and the triboelectric unit, and a third electrode is arranged on the piezoelectric unit.

2. A hybrid nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric element comprises a substrate as a third electrode, a piezoelectric functional material and a conductive paste layer as a second electrode, which are sequentially stacked.

3. The hybrid nano-generator with three output nodes as claimed in claim 2, wherein the substrate is made of copper sheet, the piezoelectric functional material is made of lead zirconate titanate ceramic sheet, and the conductive paste is made of silver paste.

4. The hybrid nano-generator of claim 1, wherein the triboelectric unit is an arch structure, and comprises a positive friction material, a negative friction material and a flexible coiled plate, which are sequentially stacked, wherein a gap is formed between the positive friction material and the negative friction material, and the positive friction material is attached to the second electrode.

5. The hybrid nanogenerator as claimed in claim 4, wherein the friction positive material is a biaxially oriented polypropylene film, the friction negative material is a polytetrafluoroethylene film, and the flexible coil is made of polyethylene terephthalate.

6. The hybrid nanogenerator as claimed in claim 4, wherein the negative friction electrode material is disposed adjacent to the positive friction electrode material, and an aluminum foil is disposed on the negative friction electrode material as a first electrode, the aluminum foil is adhered to the flexible coil, and the gap between the negative friction electrode material and the positive friction electrode material is 2-5mm.

7. A pre-polarization treatment method of a three-output node type hybrid nano-generator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a high voltage polarimeter is used to pre-polarize the triboelectric unit, and the method comprises the following steps: connecting a first electrode to a high-voltage output end of a high-voltage polarizer, connecting a second electrode to a ground end of the high-voltage polarizer, suspending a third electrode, applying a polarization electric field, and finishing pre-polarization treatment; the voltage of the polarization electric field is 2.5-3.5kV, and the time duration is 20-40min.

8. A mechanical energy power generation device integrating piezoelectric and triboelectric units, comprising a three-output node type hybrid nano-generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and a three-phase full-wave rectification circuit matched with the three-output node type hybrid nano-generator; the three-phase full-wave rectification circuit comprises three rectification branches containing rectification diodes and a load end, wherein each rectification branch is respectively connected with a first electrode, a second electrode and a third electrode in a circuit mode.

9. The mechanical energy power generation device integrating the piezoelectric and triboelectric units as claimed IN claim 8, wherein said rectifying branch is provided with two rectifying diodes of IN4007 type, and the connection point of the first, second or third electrode and the rectifying branch is located between the two rectifying diodes.

10. Use of a mechanical energy generation device integrating piezoelectric and triboelectric units according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the device is used for charging super capacitors and/or lithium batteries.

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