CN115911839A - Broadband tightly-coupled tree-shaped antenna module and array - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a broadband tightly-coupled tree-shaped antenna module and an array, which form a wide-band wide-scanning angle matching structure by designing a feed structure and a gradually-changed wide-angle matching layer, and inhibit common-mode resonance of a two-dimensional array by using a short-circuit strip, thereby realizing the work of a broadband antenna array. The antenna module has high integration level, can be integrally printed and processed, greatly reduces the welding difficulty of the later tightly-coupled antenna array, and increases the reliability of the antenna array.

Description

Broadband tight coupling tree-shaped antenna module and array

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of microwave antennas, in particular to a broadband tightly-coupled tree-shaped antenna module and an array.

Background

In order to meet the requirement of radio frequency aperture synthesis on antenna aperture multiplexing, the bandwidth requirement of the broadband integrated antenna array is obviously improved, which brings great challenges to the electrical property design and the structural design of the antenna array. Among them, the antenna array is an equivalent matching circuit for electromagnetic wave and space transition, and its broadband design is an important content of the whole subject. Broadband phased arrays have many advantages: the antenna system has multiple functions, high integration level, high transmission rate, quick response time and strong anti-interference capability, and can integrate multiple system functions such as wireless communication, electronic countermeasure, communication countermeasure, target tracking and detection and the like together to form a shared aperture antenna system.

The traditional broadband phased array antenna technology has great design limitation and limited bandwidth expansion capability. Meanwhile, the bandwidth of the antenna element limits the bandwidth of the array, and the scanning angle of the array is affected by the mutual coupling between the elements.

At present, the slot antenna with open-ended terminals is widely applied to a broadband phased array system, and has the advantages of realizing broadband wide-angle characteristics and being directly connected with a common radio frequency interface. However, the slot antenna cannot avoid the resonance phenomenon. Meanwhile, as the bandwidth is wider and the electrical size is larger, the height of the slot radiator is higher, and the high-profile characteristic of the slot radiator can cause D-plane (diagonal plane) cross polarization difference during antenna array scanning.

The broadband phased array antenna based on the mutual coupling effect is not only limited by array elements, but also can break through the bandwidth of the existing antenna array, and the broadband phased array antenna can work in a broadband mode through the mutual coupling effect. The research on the novel antenna structure has important engineering significance for obtaining the technical index of the high-performance antenna.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a broadband tightly-coupled tree antenna module and an array, which solve the technical problems of great limitation and limited bandwidth expansion capability of the conventional broadband phased array antenna technology in the prior art.

The embodiment of the specification provides the following technical scheme: a broadband tightly coupled tree antenna module, the antenna module comprising: the microwave dielectric substrate comprises an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate; the first circuit layer is positioned on the upper surface of the upper medium substrate and comprises a hollow blade-shaped radiation structure and a curve gradient matching layer; the second circuit layer is positioned below the first circuit layer and is positioned in the middle layers of the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate, the second circuit layer comprises a micro-strip line structure, a blade-type radiation structure and a short-circuit strip, and the blade-type radiation structure is connected with the metal floor through the short-circuit strip; the third circuit layer is positioned on the lower surface of the lower medium substrate and comprises a hollow blade-shaped radiation structure and a curve gradient matching layer; and the fourth circuit layer is a hole-shaped structure which penetrates through the microwave dielectric plate along the thickness direction of the microwave dielectric plate, and the hole-shaped structure is connected with the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate and the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate.

Preferably, the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate have the same thickness.

Preferably, the shape structures of the hollow blade-shaped radiation structure and the hollow blade-shaped radiation structure comprise a fan-shaped structure, a triangular structure and a rectangular structure.

Preferably, the gradual change shapes of the curve gradual change type matching layer and the curve gradual change type matching layer are curve gradual change or straight line gradual change.

Preferably, the microstrip line structure is a multi-node gradual change structure.

Preferably, the structural shape of the blade type radiation structure includes a fan-shaped structure, a triangular structure and a rectangular structure.

Furthermore, the second circuit layer forms a tree-shaped feed structure, and the first circuit layer, the second circuit layer and the third circuit layer form a wide-angle matching structure.

The invention also provides a broadband tight coupling tree-shaped antenna array, which comprises broadband tight coupling tree-shaped antenna modules, wherein each antenna module is arranged according to an array to form the antenna array, and the microstrip line structure of each antenna module is connected with a radio frequency connector.

Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the specification adopts at least one technical scheme which can achieve the beneficial effects that at least: the invention provides a broadband tight coupling tree-shaped antenna module, which utilizes coupling introduced by close arrangement among units to counteract low-frequency reactance introduced by a floor, utilizes a feed structure and a tapered wide-angle matching layer to form a wide-frequency-band wide-scanning-angle matching structure, and utilizes a short-circuit strip to inhibit common-mode resonance of a two-dimensional array, thereby realizing the work of a broadband antenna array. The antenna module has high integration level, can be integrally printed and processed, greatly reduces the welding difficulty of the later tightly-coupled antenna array, and increases the reliability of the antenna array.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a wideband tightly coupled tree antenna module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is an exploded view of a broadband tightly coupled tree antenna module structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a wideband tightly-coupled tree antenna array structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numbers in the figures: 1. a microwave dielectric substrate; x1, an upper dielectric substrate; x2, a lower dielectric substrate; p1, a first circuit layer; f1, a second circuit layer; a1, a hollow blade-shaped radiation structure; a2, a curve gradient matching layer; c1, a microstrip line structure; c3, a blade type radiation structure; c2, short-circuit bars; p2, a third circuit layer; b1, a hollow blade-shaped radiation structure; b2, a curve gradient matching layer; p3, a fourth circuit layer.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The following description of the embodiments of the present application is provided by way of specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present application will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. The present application is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modifications and/or changes in various respects, all without departing from the spirit of the present application. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a broadband tightly-coupled tree antenna module, where the antenna module includes: the microwave dielectric substrate 1, the microwave dielectric substrate 1 includes upper dielectric substrate X1 and lower dielectric substrate X2; the first circuit layer P1 is positioned on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate X1, and comprises a hollow blade-shaped radiation structure a1 and a curve gradient matching layer a2; the second circuit layer F1 is positioned below the first circuit layer P1 and is positioned in the middle layer of the upper medium substrate X1 and the lower medium substrate X2, the second circuit layer F1 comprises a microstrip line structure c1, a blade-type radiation structure c3 and a short-circuit strip c2, and the blade-type radiation structure c3 is connected with the metal floor through the short-circuit strip c 2; the third circuit layer P2 is positioned on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate X2, and comprises a hollow blade-shaped radiation structure b1 and a curve gradient matching layer b2; and the fourth circuit layer P3 is a hole-shaped structure penetrating through the microwave dielectric plate 1 along the thickness direction of the microwave dielectric plate 1, and the hole-shaped structure connects the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate X1 and the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate X2.

Further, the second circuit layer F1 forms a tree-shaped feeding structure, and the first circuit layer P1, the second circuit layer F1 and the third circuit layer P2 form a wide-angle matching structure.

Preferably, the upper dielectric substrate X1 and the lower dielectric substrate X2 have the same thickness.

Preferably, the shape structures of the hollow blade-shaped radiation structure a1 and the hollow blade-shaped radiation structure b1 include a fan-shaped structure, a triangular structure and a rectangular structure.

Preferably, the gradual change shapes of the curve gradual change type matching layer a2 and the curve gradual change type matching layer b2 are curve gradual change or straight line gradual change.

Preferably, the microstrip line structure c1 is a multi-node gradual change structure.

Preferably, the structural shape of the blade type radiation structure c3 includes a fan-shaped structure, a triangular structure and a rectangular structure.

Preferably, the microwave dielectric substrate 1 is made of Arlon DiClad 880 (tm) and has a thickness of 2.032mm.

Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the first circuit layer P1 includes a hollow blade-shaped radiation structure a1 and a curve-graded matching layer a2, and the second circuit layer includes a feed structure and a radiation structure, where the microstrip line structure c1 and the short-circuit strip c2 constitute the feed structure, and the short-circuit strip c2 connects the blade-shaped radiation structure c3 with the floor, and functions to suppress common mode resonance of the array and implement broadband operation. The second circuit layer F1 forms a tree-shaped feed structure, the first circuit layer P1, the second circuit layer F1 and the third circuit layer P2 form a wide-angle matching structure, the tree-shaped feed structure is combined with the wide-angle matching layer to realize the balun function of the broadband tight coupling antenna module, and the wide-angle matching layer is formed by the circuit layers and the corresponding dielectric substrates.

Further, the upper dielectric substrate X1 and the lower dielectric substrate X2 are dielectric plates having printed circuits on upper and lower sides before being processed. Specifically, the circuit layer of the upper dielectric substrate X1 is formed by metal etching on the surface of a dielectric according to a specific shape, and comprises a first circuit layer P1 and a second circuit layer F1; the lower dielectric substrate X2 circuit layer is formed by metal etching of a dielectric surface according to a specific shape and comprises a third circuit layer P2.

As shown in fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a broadband tight-coupling tree-shaped antenna array, where the antenna array is formed by at least two broadband tight-coupling tree-shaped antenna modules arranged in an array manner, a wide-angle matching structure is formed by using a feed structure and a tapered wide-angle matching layer, low-frequency reactance introduced by a floor is cancelled by using coupling introduced by close arrangement between units, and a short-circuit column is used to suppress common-mode resonance of a two-dimensional array. Thereby enabling the whole antenna array to realize wide-frequency-bandwidth scanning angle operation.

To sum up, compared with the prior art, the broadband tightly-coupled tree-shaped antenna module and the array provided in the embodiments of the present application can achieve the technical effects of at least:

1. the invention provides a broadband tightly-coupled tree-shaped antenna module and an array, which utilize coupling introduced by tight arrangement among units to counteract low-frequency reactance introduced by a floor, utilize a feed structure and a gradually-changed wide-angle matching layer to form a wide-frequency bandwidth scanning angle matching structure, and utilize a short-circuit strip to inhibit common-mode resonance of a two-dimensional array, thereby realizing the work of a broadband antenna array.

2. The antenna module has high integration level, can be integrally printed and processed, greatly reduces the welding difficulty of the later tightly-coupled antenna array, and increases the reliability of the antenna array.

3. The antenna array adopts a microstrip line caliber coupling feeding mode, avoids the design of the traditional dipole tightly-coupled array antenna broadband balun, and greatly simplifies the design difficulty of the tightly-coupled array antenna.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. A broadband tightly coupled tree antenna module, the antenna module comprising:

the microwave dielectric substrate (1), the microwave dielectric substrate (1) comprises an upper dielectric substrate (X1) and a lower dielectric substrate (X2);

the first circuit layer (P1) is positioned on the upper surface of the upper medium substrate (X1), and comprises a hollow blade-shaped radiation structure (a 1) and a curve gradient matching layer (a 2);

the second circuit layer (F1) is positioned below the first circuit layer (P1) and is positioned in the middle layer of the upper medium substrate (X1) and the lower medium substrate (X2), the second circuit layer (F1) comprises a microstrip line structure (c 1), a blade-type radiation structure (c 3) and a short-circuit strip (c 2), and the blade-type radiation structure (c 3) is connected with the metal floor through the short-circuit strip (c 2);

the third circuit layer (P2) is positioned on the lower surface of the lower medium substrate (X2) and comprises a hollow blade-shaped radiation structure (b 1) and a curve gradient type matching layer (b 2);

and the fourth circuit layer (P3) is a hole type structure penetrating through the microwave dielectric plate (1) along the thickness direction of the microwave dielectric plate (1), and the hole type structure is connected with the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate (X1) and the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate (X2).

2. The module of claim 1, wherein the upper dielectric substrate (X1) and the lower dielectric substrate (X2) have the same thickness.

3. The broadband tightly-coupled tree antenna module according to claim 1, wherein the shape structures of the hollow lobed radiation structure (a 1) and the hollow lobed radiation structure (b 1) each comprise a sector structure, a triangle structure, and a rectangle structure.

4. The broadband tightly-coupled tree antenna module according to claim 1, wherein the gradual change shapes of the curved gradual change type matching layer (a 2) and the curved gradual change type matching layer (b 2) are curved gradual change or straight gradual change.

5. The broadband tightly-coupled tree antenna module according to claim 1, wherein the microstrip line structure (c 1) is a multi-node gradual change structure.

6. A broadband tightly coupled tree antenna module according to claim 1, wherein the structural shape of the blade-type radiating structure (c 3) comprises a fan-shaped structure, a triangular structure and a rectangular structure.

7. A broadband tightly coupled tree antenna module according to claim 1, wherein the second circuit layer (F1) forms a tree feed structure, and the first circuit layer (P1), the second circuit layer (F1) and the third circuit layer (P2) form a wide angle matching structure.

8. A broadband tight-coupling tree-shaped antenna array, which comprises any one of the broadband tight-coupling tree-shaped antenna modules of claims 1 to 7, wherein each antenna module forms the antenna array according to array arrangement, and a microstrip line structure (c 1) of each antenna module is connected with a radio frequency connector.

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