CN115902677A - Method for acquiring direct current internal resistance parameter of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Method for acquiring direct current internal resistance parameter of lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery internal resistance data measurement, and particularly relates to a method for acquiring direct current internal resistance parameters of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps: setting the ranges of direct current internal resistance test influence factors SOC, temperature and multiplying power; step two, setting test value taking points in the range; acquiring charge and discharge data of the battery to be detected; on the basis of the charge and discharge data, a temperature constant device is adopted, and charge and discharge tests at different temperatures are carried out on the basis of the same multiplying power; and step five, extracting data and calculating corresponding direct current internal resistance. According to the invention, through the continuous charge and discharge test of fixed temperature and multiplying power in each test, only SOC adjustment in the initial state is needed, adjustment of each SOC point is not needed, and only continuous SOC access points are needed in the later data processing, so that the time for accurately obtaining the internal resistance parameters is effectively saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery internal resistance data measurement, and particularly relates to a method for acquiring direct current internal resistance parameters of a lithium ion battery.
Background
The internal resistance is one of the key parameters of the lithium ion battery, and is important for accurately estimating and predicting the battery states (such as SOC, SOH, SOP and SOF) in the fields of new energy automobiles and energy storage. The internal resistance of the lithium ion battery is generally divided into an alternating current internal resistance and a direct current internal resistance. The alternating current internal resistance is generally tested by an alternating current impedance meter and is used for evaluating the internal resistance of the single battery. The module and the battery pack after the lithium ion battery is grouped generally evaluate and use the direct current internal resistance due to the voltage capacity, so that the direct current internal resistance of the battery core before the lithium ion battery is grouped is also measured and used, so that the research and evaluation of the single battery can be conveniently carried out from the single battery level.
The direct current internal resistance measuring method of the single battery mainly comprises the following steps:
1) A multiplying power pulse method and an alternating current impedance test method. The core idea of a typical rate pulse method, such as an HPPC test method in the United states freedomCar Battery test Manual, a test method of Japanese DEVSD713 2003, an internal resistance test method specified in GB/T31467, and other derivation methods, is to apply currents of different rates under different SOC states and temperatures, and use the ratio of the voltage difference to the current before and after a certain time as the DC internal resistance of the battery.
2) The parameter identification based on the equivalent circuit model mainly relates to pulse multi-sine signal measurement and Kalman filtering-based real-time estimation under a mixed working condition. The core idea of the two methods is that the parameters of open-circuit voltage, resistance and capacitance in the circuit are identified through the acquired current and voltage signals based on an equivalent circuit model.
However, the above techniques still have the following drawbacks:
the lithium ion battery is used as an electrochemical energy storage device, and the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery is influenced by the state of charge (SOC), the temperature, the time scale and the expansion state of the battery. For example, according to the conventional orthogonal test, the adjustment time for the SOC and the temperature is relatively long. For example, the HPPC test performs SOC adjustment test at a certain temperature and a certain multiplying factor, performs charge/discharge pulse test at each SOC point, performs equal capacity discharge/charge using a current (for example, one tenth of the pulse current) with pulse current reduced in equal proportion after each charge/discharge pulse test to adjust SOC to the previous operating condition, and then performs the next set of pulse test at the same SOC point. After the charge and discharge pulse test of each SOC point is finished, constant volume discharge is carried out by using the current reduced by the pulse current in an equal ratio, and the SOC is adjusted to the next SOC point to carry out a new group of pulse tests. The method has the problems of capacity difference and SOC inaccuracy caused by different temperatures and SOC point back and forth adjustment.
The online parameter identification of the equivalent circuit can solve the problems that the open-circuit voltage, the direct-current internal resistance, the charge transfer resistance, the interface capacitance and the like under corresponding working conditions are complex in identification algorithm after the SOC, the temperature and the multiplying power are considered, the actual deviation phenomenon that the final result is correct due to single parameter difference after multi-factor coupling exists, and the internal resistance cannot be accurately identified under special working conditions and extreme working conditions due to the fact that the SOC, the multiplying power and the temperature cannot cover the full-range parameters in the running process of a real vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel method for acquiring direct current internal resistance parameters of a lithium ion battery, aiming at the defects of complex direct current internal resistance testing process, low accuracy, narrow boundary range and poor real vehicle availability of the existing lithium ion battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for acquiring direct current internal resistance parameters of a lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
setting the ranges of direct current internal resistance test influence factors SOC, temperature and multiplying power;
step two, setting test value taking points in the range;
acquiring charge and discharge data of the battery to be detected;
step four, on the basis of the charge and discharge data, a temperature constant device is adopted, and on the basis of the same multiplying power, the operation is not carried out
Testing charging and discharging at the same temperature;
and step five, extracting data and calculating corresponding direct current internal resistance.
As a preferred technical solution, the following formula is adopted in step five for calculation:
wherein R is internal resistance related to soc, temperature and multiplying power; OCV is the battery open circuit voltage; voltage is the Voltage of the battery in the testing process; i is the test process current.
As a preferred solution, the OCV value is calculated by a linear difference or a quadratic difference.
As a preferred technical scheme, the value points in the step two adopt evenly distributed values.
As a preferred technical scheme, the SOC range is [0,1], and the value of the SOC is taken at the interval of less than or equal to 10%; the temperature is taken at intervals of 5 or more.
As a preferable technical scheme, the temperature constant device in the fourth step is an isothermal calorimeter. Compared with the prior art, the constant-temperature constant-rate charge and discharge test based on the isothermal calorimeter, which is provided by the invention, does not need to repeatedly adjust the SOC of the battery, and can be quickly finished.
As a preferred technical solution, the sampling time interval of the four steps is set to 1s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through the continuous charge and discharge test of fixed temperature and multiplying power in each test, only SOC adjustment in the initial state is needed, adjustment of each SOC point is not needed, and only continuous SOC access points are needed in the later data processing, so that the time for accurately obtaining the internal resistance parameters is effectively saved.
The temperature and the multiplying power point number are determined based on the nonlinear characteristic of the internal resistance of the battery, and the nonlinear precision can be ensured by the minimum required number.
The difference selection requirement of the invention can avoid local distortion caused by nonlinear problem.
The number of sampling points is set to be 1s, and the influence of time scale on the internal resistance parameter is not required to be considered again based on the actual working condition in the use process of an actual vehicle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the method provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The test methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents and the like used are, unless otherwise specified, commercially available reagents and materials.
The implementation process of the invention is as follows:
1. given direct current internal resistance test influence factors SOC and temperature of lithium ion batteryAnd the range of magnification (minimum and maximum). [ SOC max ,SOC min ]、[T min ,T max ]、[I min ,I max ]。
SOC is taken as being at intervals of 10%, for example, SOC ranges from 0,1, 0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9, 1. The temperature is equal to or more than 5 points, for example, the temperature range is [ -30,50], the temperature range is [ -30, -10, 30,50], for example, the multiplying power range is [0.1,2], and the temperature range is [0.1,0.5,1,1.5,2].
3. The test obtains the open-circuit voltage of the battery at different SOC and temperature, as shown below
| 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.45 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1 | |
| -30 | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV |
| -10 | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV |
| 10 | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV |
| 30 | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV |
| 50 | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV | OCV |
4. And (3) carrying out charge and discharge tests at different temperatures under the same multiplying power in the isothermal calorimeter, wherein the sampling interval is set to be 1s. For example, firstly, under a certain multiplying power, a charge and discharge test of a single temperature is carried out, the sampling time interval is set to be 1s, and the actual voltage is obtained.
5. And extracting the actual voltage at the temperature corresponding to the SOC in each group of tests. We can get the following results. In the actual process, if the SOC is less than 100%, data extraction is not needed
| 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.45 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1 | |
| -30 | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage |
| -10 | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage |
| 10 | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage |
| 30 | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage |
| 50 | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage | Voltage |
6. Identification and extraction of resistance
The internal resistance of the charging section can be identified by using the data of the charging section, and the short discharging point data can be identified by using the data of the discharging section.
According to the following formula:
wherein R is internal resistance related to soc, temperature and multiplying power; OCV is the open circuit voltage of the battery; voltage is the Voltage of the battery in the testing process; i is the test process current.
The OCV is carried out through a linear difference value or a secondary difference value, and a cubic spline curve difference value is avoided from being used, so that the phenomenon of distortion of a part with low SOC slope and large change is avoided.
At 0.1C
| 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.45 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1 | |
| -30 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| -10 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 10 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 30 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 50 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
At 0.5C
| 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.45 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1 | |
| -30 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| -10 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 10 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 30 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 50 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Under 1C
Under 2C
| 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.45 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1 | |
| -30 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| -10 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 10 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 30 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 50 | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
From the steps, the SOC of the initial state is adjusted only by testing the continuous charge and discharge test of the fixed temperature and the multiplying power every time, and each SOC point does not need to be adjusted any more. The temperature and the multiplying power point number are determined based on the nonlinear characteristic of the internal resistance of the battery, and the nonlinear precision can be ensured by the minimum required number. The difference selection requirement of the invention can avoid local distortion caused by nonlinear problem. The number of sampling points is set to be 1s, and the influence of time scale on the internal resistance parameter is not required to be considered again based on the actual working condition in the use process of an actual vehicle.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely exemplary of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and that any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for acquiring direct current internal resistance parameters of a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
setting the ranges of direct current internal resistance test influence factors SOC, temperature and multiplying power;
step two, setting test value taking points in the range;
acquiring charge and discharge data of the battery to be detected;
on the basis of the charge and discharge data, a temperature constant device is adopted to carry out charge and discharge tests at different temperatures based on the same multiplying power;
and step five, extracting data and calculating corresponding direct current internal resistance.
2. The method for acquiring the direct current internal resistance parameter of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the calculation is performed by adopting the following formula in the fifth step:
wherein R is internal resistance related to soc, temperature and multiplying power; OCV is the battery open circuit voltage; voltage is the battery Voltage in the testing process; i is the test process current.
3. The method for obtaining the direct current internal resistance parameter of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the OCV value is obtained by a linear difference value or a quadratic difference value.
4. The method for acquiring the direct current internal resistance parameter of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the average distribution value is adopted for the value points in the second step.
5. The method for acquiring the direct-current internal resistance parameter of the lithium ion battery according to claim 4, wherein the SOC ranges from [0,1], and the SOC takes values at intervals of less than or equal to 10%; the temperature is taken at intervals of 5 or more.
6. The method for acquiring the direct current internal resistance parameter of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-stabilizing device in the fourth step is an isothermal calorimeter.
7. The method for acquiring the direct current internal resistance parameter of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the sampling time interval of the four steps is set to 1s.
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| CN117538759A (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-02-09 | 清华四川能源互联网研究院 | Method for obtaining direct-current internal resistance high flux of lithium ion battery |
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| CN117538759A (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-02-09 | 清华四川能源互联网研究院 | Method for obtaining direct-current internal resistance high flux of lithium ion battery |
| CN117538759B (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-03-19 | 清华四川能源互联网研究院 | Method for obtaining direct-current internal resistance high flux of lithium ion battery |
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