CN115901640B - Poor geology advanced forecasting method and system integrating spectrum imaging and space-time distribution - Google Patents
Poor geology advanced forecasting method and system integrating spectrum imaging and space-time distribution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for advanced prediction of poor geology integrating spectral imaging and space-time distribution, comprising the following steps: performing grid division on the tunnel face, and selecting control points; selecting a mark mineral of a bad geologic body according to the face image spectrum data of the excavated section; determining the content of the marked minerals at the control points according to the image spectrum data of the face at the excavation position, and predicting the content of the marked minerals at the control points in front of the face according to the content of the marked minerals; performing spatial interpolation treatment on the mark mineral content between control points according to the mark mineral content of the control points in front of the face to obtain the mark mineral content in front of the face; and (3) according to the marked mineral content in front of the face, delineating the abnormal mineral region to obtain the position, scale and type of the bad geological body in front of the face. The advanced prediction of the bad geology is carried out by combining the image spectrum technology with the time sequence and the spatial interpolation method, so that the judgment and the prediction of the shape and the sex of the bad geology in front are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of advanced prediction of bad geological bodies, in particular to a method and a system for advanced prediction of bad geological bodies by fusion of spectral imaging and space-time distribution.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
In the tunnel construction process, bad geology such as faults, karsts, alteration zones and the like is frequently encountered, and if corresponding prevention and control measures are not adopted in time, surrounding rock deformation, vault collapse, large-scale water and mud bursting and other geological disasters are extremely easy to induce, so that the conditions such as casualties, construction period delay, equipment damage and the like are caused.
When advanced geological prediction is carried out by the traditional methods such as a geological survey method, a geophysical prospecting method and the like, the shape (position, shape and scale) of the front bad geology is mainly identified, the nature (type and property) of the bad geology is difficult to judge, the operation flow is complex, the requirement on professional geological knowledge of field technicians is high, and misjudgment and missed judgment on the bad geology are extremely easy to cause; in the conventional method for quantitatively identifying defective geologic bodies based on mineral information, no information of "shape" such as position and scale of defective geologic bodies is combined.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method and a system for advanced prediction of poor geology integrating spectral imaging and space-time distribution, which are used for advanced prediction of the poor geology through an image spectral technology and a time sequence and spatial interpolation method, so that the judgment and prediction of the combination of the shape and the nature of a front poor geology body are realized, the automation and the intellectualization of the integral operation of the system are realized, the subjectivity of the poor geology prediction is reduced, the manpower and material resources are saved, and the method and the system have the advantages of high speed, no damage in situ, strong intuitiveness, real-time prediction and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for advanced prediction of poor geology integrating spectral imaging with spatio-temporal distribution, comprising:
dividing grids of the tunnel face, and selecting a limited number of grid points covering the tunnel face as control points;
selecting a mark mineral of a bad geologic body according to the face image spectrum data of the excavated section;
determining the content of the marked minerals at the control points according to the image spectrum data of the face at the excavation position, and predicting the content of the marked minerals at the control points in front of the face according to the content of the marked minerals;
performing spatial interpolation treatment on the mark mineral content between control points according to the mark mineral content of the control points in front of the face to obtain the mark mineral content in front of the face;
and (3) according to the marked mineral content in front of the face, delineating the abnormal mineral region to obtain the position, scale and type of the bad geological body in front of the face.
As an alternative implementation mode, according to the spectral data of the face image of the excavated section, the content of various minerals is obtained, and minerals with the content change exceeding a set threshold value in the bad geological influence area and the normal surrounding rock area are selected as marker minerals.
Alternatively, grid intervals are set, and the face is subjected to relatively equidistant grid division according to the grid intervals.
As an alternative embodiment, the image spectrum data is acquired by an image spectrometer, and the optimal relative position between the image spectrometer and the face needs to be satisfied that the photographed image is distributed over the core area of the face.
As an alternative embodiment, the parameters of the image spectrometer scan include frequency increment, gaze time, and camera focal length; the tuning wavelength of the frequency increment is adjusted to obtain image spectrum data of different wave bands; the fixation time is adjusted to improve the spectrum resolution; the position and the size of the face in the field of view of the camera are adjusted by adjusting the focal length of the camera.
As an alternative embodiment, a time series method is adopted for learning, and the content of the marked minerals at the control point in front of the face is predicted; and outputting the discontinuous mineral content of the control points in the space point shape into continuous mineral content of the space body shape by adopting a spatial interpolation method, and displaying the difference of the mineral content through the filling color development effect of the space body.
As an alternative embodiment, the limit value of the mineral abnormality is determined, the filling color development effect of the space body is adjusted, and the region of the mineral abnormality is defined.
As an alternative embodiment, preprocessing is performed on the image spectrum data of the face of the excavation place, wherein the preprocessing comprises radiometric calibration, reflectivity reconstruction and noise attenuation;
performing end member extraction on the preprocessed image spectrum data to obtain a pixel spectrum curve, and determining a final mineral end member spectrum by comparing the pixel spectrum curve with a standard mineral spectrum library so as to perform mineral identification;
and (5) calculating the mineral content in a segmented manner by using an image pixel classification statistical method.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a poor geological advanced prediction system integrating spectral imaging and space-time distribution, comprising:
the control point selection module is configured to divide the tunnel face into grids and select a limited number of grid points covering the tunnel face as control points;
the mark mineral selecting module is configured to select mark minerals of the bad geological body according to the face image spectrum data of the excavated section;
the mineral content prediction module is configured to determine the content of the marked mineral at the control point according to the image spectrum data of the face at the excavation position, and predict the content of the marked mineral at the control point in front of the face according to the content of the marked mineral;
the spatial interpolation module is configured to perform spatial interpolation processing on the mark mineral content between the control points according to the mark mineral content of the control points in front of the face to obtain the mark mineral content in front of the face;
and the advanced forecasting module is configured to carry out delineation on a mineral abnormal region according to the marked mineral content in front of the face so as to obtain the position, the scale and the type of the bad geological body in front of the face.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a poor geological advanced prediction system integrating spectral imaging and space-time distribution, comprising:
the system comprises a mobile platform, a main control module, a data acquisition module, a device adjusting unit and a bad geological body advanced prediction module, wherein the main control module, the data acquisition module, the device adjusting unit and the bad geological body advanced prediction module are carried on the mobile platform;
the main control module is configured to control the start and stop of the data acquisition module, the device adjusting unit and the bad geological body advanced prediction module;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring image spectrum data of the face;
the device adjusting unit is used for adjusting the position of the data acquisition module so as to enable the data acquisition module to move to the optimal relative position with the face;
the bad geological body advanced prediction module receives image spectrum data of the face and is configured to perform demarcation on a mineral abnormal region according to the image spectrum data by adopting the method of the first aspect so as to obtain the position, the scale and the type of the bad geological body in front of the face.
As an alternative embodiment, the data acquisition module comprises a protection device and an image spectrometer arranged in the protection device; parameters scanned by the image spectrometer include frequency increment, gaze time and camera focal length; the tuning wavelength of the frequency increment is adjusted to obtain image spectrum data of different wave bands; the fixation time is adjusted to improve the spectrum resolution; the position and the size of the face in the field of view of the camera are adjusted by adjusting the focal length of the camera.
As an alternative embodiment, the device tuning unit includes a laser range finder; the laser range finder is used for measuring the distance between the mobile platform and the face and controlling the mobile platform to move to the optimal relative position of the data acquisition module and the face.
Alternatively, the determination of the optimal relative position between the data acquisition module and the face may be such that the captured image fills the core area of the face.
As an alternative embodiment, the device adjusting unit further comprises a telescopic bracket, a sliding rail and a cradle head;
the telescopic bracket is used for adjusting the height of the data acquisition module so as to adjust the visual field range of the camera;
the sliding rail is arranged on the moving platform, and the telescopic bracket is arranged on the sliding rail so as to enable the telescopic bracket to move on the sliding rail;
the cradle head is used for bearing the laser range finder and the data acquisition module.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides an electronic device comprising a memory and a processor and computer instructions stored on the memory and running on the processor, which when executed by the processor, perform the method of the first aspect.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions which, when executed by a processor, perform the method of the first aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a poor geology advanced forecasting method and a system integrating spectral imaging and space-time distribution, which are used for forecasting the shape of a poor geology body through spatial interpolation circle, forecasting the 'nature' of the poor geology body through mineral quantitative inversion of rock spectral information, realizing the judgment and forecasting of the combination of the shape and the nature of the front poor geology body, realizing the automatic and intelligent advanced forecasting of the poor geology in a tunnel, eliminating the influence of subjective factors on forecasting results, saving manpower and material resources, realizing the real-time forecasting of the poor geology in the continuous tunnel excavation process and having timeliness.
The advanced prediction method and system for poor geology integrating spectral imaging and space-time distribution, provided by the invention, are used for deeply integrating the image spectral technology, the time sequence and the spatial interpolation method, fully utilizing the advantages of each method and realizing the advanced prediction of the poor geology in the tunnel. The in-situ, nondestructive, rapid and large-scale image spectrum information acquisition of the tunnel face is realized through an image spectrometer; the method is characterized in that a time sequence method is used for realizing the mineral content prediction at a control point in front of the face, so that a foundation is laid for the definition of mineral abnormality and the prediction of bad geologic bodies; the spatial interpolation method is utilized to stereoscopically display the mineral distribution change condition in front of the tunnel face, so as to realize the delineation of the abnormal position, scale and variety of the mineral and achieve the purpose of predicting bad geology shape and sex; the whole flow logic is smooth, the loops are mutually buckled, and the advanced prediction of the bad geology in the tunnel is completed under the combined action.
The advanced prediction method and system for poor geology integrating spectral imaging and space-time distribution can collect image spectral data in real time along with tunnel excavation, dynamically select the mark minerals of the poor geology, have strong engineering adaptability, continuously feed the image spectral data back to a data set, increase a time sequence learning sample, continuously optimize an advanced prediction model of the poor geology based on the time sequence method, improve the accuracy of model prediction, and reduce the accidental caused by data deviation.
Additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for advanced prediction of poor geology by fusion of spectral imaging and spatio-temporal distribution provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of mesh division and control point selection according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system for advanced prediction of undesirable geology with fused spectral imaging and spatio-temporal distribution according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
the device comprises a main control module 1, a laser range finder 2, a wireless signal transmitter 3, an image spectrometer 4, a protection device 5, a telescopic bracket 6, a sliding rail 7, a sliding rail 8 and a cradle head.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms also are intended to include the plural forms, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and "comprising" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, such as, for example, processes, methods, systems, products or devices that comprise a series of steps or units, are not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are expressly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not expressly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products or devices.
Embodiments of the invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for advanced prediction of poor geology integrating spectral imaging and space-time distribution, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises the following steps:
dividing grids of the tunnel face, and selecting a limited number of grid points covering the tunnel face as control points;
selecting a mark mineral of a bad geologic body according to the face image spectrum data of the excavated section;
determining the content of the marked minerals at the control points according to the image spectrum data of the face at the excavation position, and predicting the content of the marked minerals at the control points in front of the face according to the content of the marked minerals;
performing spatial interpolation treatment on the mark mineral content between control points according to the mark mineral content of the control points in front of the face to obtain the mark mineral content in front of the face;
and (3) according to the marked mineral content in front of the face, delineating the abnormal mineral region to obtain the position, scale and type of the bad geological body in front of the face.
In the embodiment, an image spectrometer is adopted to continuously acquire image spectrum data of a tunnel face in the tunnel excavation process, and the image spectrometer is adjusted to an optimal position in advance;
the determination of the optimal relative position between the image spectrometer and the face needs to meet the requirement that the shot image is distributed in the core area of the face as much as possible; because the face is a key area for mineral testing, the integrity of the face in the field of view of a camera needs to be ensured, the imaging quality of the face is improved, and the integrity, representativeness and accuracy of data testing of acquired data are ensured.
As an alternative embodiment, the parameters of the image spectrometer scan include frequency increment, gaze time, camera focal length, etc.; the tuning wavelength of the frequency increment is adjusted to obtain image spectrum data of different wave bands; the fixation time is adjusted to improve the spectrum resolution and optimize the imaging quality; the position and the size of the face in the field of view of the camera are adjusted by adjusting the focal length of the camera, so that the data integrity is ensured.
As an optional implementation manner, the image spectrometer may be a staring type image spectrometer, the relative movement between the image spectrometer and the face in the three-dimensional space of the mobile platform is realized through a sliding rail and a telescopic bracket, the information of the face in the field of view of the camera of the image spectrometer is used for selecting a proper staring position, and the spectral data of the face image is obtained in situ after positioning.
As an alternative implementation mode, the image spectrometer can also select push-broom type, swing-broom type and other types of image spectrometers, and the relative movement between the image spectrometers and the tunnel face in the three-dimensional space of the mobile platform is realized through the sliding rail and the telescopic bracket, so that the scanning of the tunnel face is realized.
As an alternative implementation mode, when the image spectrometer collects the image spectrum data of the face, the wave band range is selected to be 0.35-25um.
In the embodiment, quantitative identification of mineral content is carried out on the image spectrum data of the excavated section, so that the marker minerals of the bad geologic body can be selected;
as an alternative implementation mode, through carrying out image spectrum test on the excavated section, obtaining content information of various minerals at the face, and selecting minerals with obviously changed contents in the bad geological influence area and the normal surrounding rock area as marker minerals; such as minerals whose content difference exceeds a threshold.
As an alternative implementation mode, with the continuous excavation of the tunnel, the mineral test is continuously carried out, the test result is also continuously fed back, and the type of the marking mineral is continuously updated and adjusted in the tunneling process so as to adapt to the geological conditions of different mark segments.
As an alternative implementation mode, a plurality of minerals which are common in tunnel engineering sites and have important influences on the stability and construction safety of surrounding rocks and the content of which are obviously changed are selected as bad geological marker minerals; for example, clay minerals (illite, kaolinite, smectite, etc.), altered minerals (chlorite, zeolite, etc.), and partially rock-making minerals.
In this embodiment, along with excavation of the tunnel face, a large amount of image spectrum data of the tunnel face (a normal surrounding rock area and a bad geological influence area) is collected, and after preprocessing, quantitative inversion of mineral content is performed on the image spectrum data, so as to obtain the mineral type and content distribution condition at the control point of the tunnel face; the process for quantitatively identifying the mineral content according to the image spectrum data comprises the following steps:
firstly, preprocessing image spectrum data, wherein the preprocessing comprises radiometric calibration, reflectivity reconstruction and noise attenuation;
the radiation calibration method comprises the steps that radiation calibration is carried out on acquired face image spectrum data by using preset calibration parameters, a relation between DN values of an original image and real radiation brightness values is established according to a radiation calibration formula, and conversion from the original image values to the radiation values is achieved;
the reflectivity reconstruction eliminates environmental errors through a standard plate reflectivity calibration method, achieves conversion from radiation values to reflectivity, and establishes a face image reflectivity spectrum;
the noise elimination adopts maximum noise separation transformation, reduces the redundancy of data, performs operation dimension reduction and weakens noise.
And then, performing end member extraction on the face image spectrum data subjected to noise elimination by using a pure pixel index algorithm (PPI) to obtain a pixel spectrum curve, determining a final mineral end member spectrum by comparing the pixel spectrum curve with a standard mineral spectrum library and spectrum theoretical knowledge, and performing mineral identification based on the final mineral end member spectrum.
As an alternative implementation mode, the relative content data of the face minerals are calculated in a segmented mode by using an image pixel classification statistical method, and quantitative identification of the face mineral content is achieved.
In the embodiment, grid division is performed on the face according to the acquired image information, and face control points are selected;
as an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the mesh division and selection of control points are performed according to the size of the actual tunnel face, in order to make the selected control points representative and the intervals between the control points appropriate, the tunnel face is divided according to the mesh intervals at relatively equal distances, and a limited number of mesh points capable of covering the tunnel face are selected as control points for obtaining the mineral content at the tunnel face; the method ensures the representativeness of the selection of the control points of the face, fully reflects the distribution condition of the face minerals while reducing the workload of data processing, visualizes the mineral abnormality by a spatial interpolation method based on the mineral content information at the control points, and ensures the accuracy of the visual output of the subsequent spatial interpolation to a certain extent.
In this embodiment, the time series method is applied to a point of the face, and innumerable faces are connected to form a line, and the time series method predicts the content change of a certain mineral in the line, if the time series method is used to predict the innumerable points of the face, the workload is too large, and the advantages of rapidness and high efficiency are not provided, so that the selected control point positions can cover the face as a whole, and the number is limited, so that the accuracy and representativeness can be provided, and the workload can be reduced.
In the embodiment, along with excavation of a face, image spectrum data of the face are continuously acquired, the content of the marked minerals at the control points is determined through quantitative inversion of minerals, and the content of the marked minerals at all the obtained control points is constructed into a mineral information data set to be used as a learning sample for time sequence prediction;
based on a mineral information data set, learning is carried out through a time sequence method to obtain a mineral content prediction model, and the marked mineral content at a control point in a certain mileage in front of the face is predicted according to the mineral content prediction model;
as an alternative implementation manner, the time sequence method comprises an algorithm adapted to the fluctuation degree of the difference values of different data types, and an optimal algorithm is selected according to the actual test data result of the engineering site; such as, but not limited to, differential integrated moving average autoregressive model (ARIMA), long and short term memory artificial neural network (LSTM), generation of countermeasure network (GAN), etc.;
taking ARIMA as an example, the content of the marked minerals at the control point of the front face is predicted, and the ARIMA prediction model expression is as follows:
(1-φ 1 B-φ 2 B 2 -…-φ p B p )(1-B) d y t ＝(1+θ 1 B+θ 2 B 2 +…+θ p B p )ε
in this embodiment, according to the marked mineral content of the control points in front of the face, spatial interpolation is performed on the marked mineral content between the control points to obtain the surrounding rock mineral content in front of the face, and the mineral content change condition of a section of mileage in front of the face is reflected.
As an alternative implementation mode, a spatial interpolation method is adopted to output the spatial point-shaped discontinuous mineral content of the control point into the spatial body-shaped continuous mineral content, and the difference of mineral content information is displayed through the filling display effect of the spatial body, so that the content change condition of various mark minerals in a certain spatial range of the tunnel non-excavated section is macroscopically and stereoscopically displayed.
In this embodiment, the abnormal mineral region is defined according to the filling display effect of the space body, and the position, scale and type of the poor geologic body are judged according to the abnormal characteristics of the minerals, so that the prediction of the poor geologic body in front of the face is realized.
As an alternative implementation manner, the delineating the abnormal region of the mineral is mainly realized by determining the limit value of the abnormal mineral through EDA technology, adjusting the color development effect of the space output model and automatically delineating the abnormal region of the mineral; because the stratum rock material components are relatively stable, the occurrence of bad geologic bodies is usually accompanied by mineral abnormality, and the mineral components and the content are spatially distributed differently from surrounding rocks, the bad geologic bodies can be judged and predicted based on the definition of the mineral abnormality.
As an alternative implementation manner, the identification of the bad geologic body is mainly carried out through the combination of the types and the content information of the mineral anomalies, the identification of the types and the properties of the bad geologic body is carried out by combining the professional geological knowledge and the early geological survey data, and the identification of the scale and the position of the bad geologic body is carried out through the range of the mineral anomalies.
As an alternative implementation mode, the method can be used for verifying through excavation, feeding back mineral information of the face of the excavated position to a data set in time, supplementing the data set, increasing learning samples of a time sequence model and improving accuracy of model prediction.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a poor geology advanced prediction system integrating spectral imaging and space-time distribution, which comprises the following components:
the control point selection module is configured to divide grids of the tunnel face and select a limited number of grid points covering the tunnel face as control points;
the mark mineral selecting module is configured to select mark minerals of the bad geological body according to the face image spectrum data of the excavated section;
the mineral content prediction module is configured to determine the content of the marked mineral at the control point according to the image spectrum data of the face at the excavation position, and predict the content of the marked mineral at the control point in front of the face according to the content of the marked mineral;
the spatial interpolation module is configured to perform spatial interpolation processing on the mark mineral content between the control points according to the mark mineral content of the control points in front of the face to obtain the mark mineral content in front of the face;
and the advanced forecasting module is configured to carry out delineation on a mineral abnormal region according to the marked mineral content in front of the face so as to obtain the position, the scale and the type of the bad geological body in front of the face.
In this embodiment, the control point selection module further includes:
setting grid intervals, and carrying out relatively equidistant grid division on the tunnel face according to the grid intervals.
In this embodiment, the marker mineral selection module further includes:
according to the spectral data of the face image of the excavated section, the content of various minerals is obtained, and minerals with the content change exceeding a set threshold value in the bad geological influence area and the normal surrounding rock area are selected as marker minerals.
In this embodiment, the system further includes a data acquisition module, specifically, an image spectrometer acquires image spectrum data, where an optimal relative position between the image spectrometer and the face needs to satisfy that the captured image is distributed over the core area of the face;
parameters scanned by the image spectrometer include frequency increment, gaze time and camera focal length; the tuning wavelength of the frequency increment is adjusted to obtain image spectrum data of different wave bands; the fixation time is adjusted to improve the spectrum resolution; the position and the size of the face in the field of view of the camera are adjusted by adjusting the focal length of the camera.
In this embodiment, the mineral content prediction module further includes:
and (3) learning by adopting a time sequence method, and predicting the content of the marked minerals at the control point in front of the face.
In this embodiment, the mineral content prediction module further includes:
preprocessing the image spectrum data of the face of the excavated place, wherein the preprocessing comprises radiometric calibration, reflectivity reconstruction and noise weakening;
performing end member extraction on the preprocessed image spectrum data to obtain a pixel spectrum curve, and determining a final mineral end member spectrum by comparing the pixel spectrum curve with a standard mineral spectrum library so as to perform mineral identification;
and (5) calculating the mineral content in a segmented manner by using an image pixel classification statistical method.
In this embodiment, the spatial interpolation module further includes:
and outputting the discontinuous mineral content of the control points in the space point shape into continuous mineral content of the space body shape by adopting a spatial interpolation method, and displaying the difference of the mineral content through the filling color development effect of the space body.
In this embodiment, the advanced forecast module further includes:
determining the limit value of mineral abnormality, adjusting the filling color development effect of the space body, and circumscribing the mineral abnormality area.
It should be noted that the above modules correspond to the steps described in embodiment 1, and the above modules are the same as examples and application scenarios implemented by the corresponding steps, but are not limited to those disclosed in embodiment 1. It should be noted that the modules described above may be implemented as part of a system in a computer system, such as a set of computer-executable instructions.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a poor geology advanced prediction system integrating spectral imaging and space-time distribution, which comprises the following components: the device comprises a main control module, a data acquisition module, a device adjusting unit and a bad geological body advanced prediction module;
the main control module is configured to control the start and stop of the data acquisition module, the device adjusting unit and the bad geological body advanced prediction module;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring image spectrum data of the face;
the device adjusting unit is used for adjusting the position of the data acquisition module so as to enable the data acquisition module to move to the optimal relative position with the face;
the bad geological body advanced prediction module receives image spectrum data of the face and is configured to perform bounding of a mineral abnormal region according to the image spectrum data by adopting the method described in the embodiment 1 so as to obtain the position, the scale and the type of the bad geological body in front of the face.
In this embodiment, the main control module 1 is connected to the above modules through a wireless signal transmitter 3, and is used to control the start and stop of the above modules.
In this embodiment, the system further includes a mobile platform, and the above modules, such as the main control module 1, are all mounted on the mobile platform.
In this embodiment, the data acquisition module is configured to continuously acquire image spectrum data of a face in a tunnel excavation process, and transmit the image spectrum data through the wireless signal transmitter 3.
As shown in fig. 3, the data acquisition module comprises an image spectrometer 4 and a protection device 5;
the image spectrometer 4 is carried on the mobile platform and is used for acquiring image spectrum data of the face;
the protection device 5 is installed outside the image spectrometer 4 and is used for protecting the image spectrometer 4 from the influence of water vapor, dust and falling rocks in the tunnel.
As an alternative implementation manner, the image spectrometer 4 may select a gaze type image spectrometer, realize the relative movement between the gaze type image spectrometer and the face in the three-dimensional space of the moving platform through a sliding rail and a telescopic bracket, select a proper gaze position through the information of the face in the field of view of the camera of the image spectrometer, and obtain the spectral data of the face in situ after positioning.
As an alternative implementation manner, the image spectrometer 4 may also select a push-broom type image spectrometer, a swing-broom type image spectrometer, and the like, and the relative movement between the image spectrometer and the tunnel face in the three-dimensional space of the moving platform is realized through a sliding rail and a telescopic bracket, so as to realize the scanning of the tunnel face.
As an alternative embodiment, the parameters of the image spectrometer scan include frequency increment, gaze time, camera focal length, etc.; the tuning wavelength of the frequency increment is adjusted to obtain image spectrum data of different wave bands; the fixation time is adjusted to improve the spectrum resolution and optimize the imaging quality; the position and the size of the face in the field of view of the camera are adjusted by adjusting the focal length of the camera, so that the data integrity is ensured.
As an alternative implementation mode, when the image spectrometer collects the image spectrum data of the face, the wave band range is selected to be 0.35-25um.
As an alternative implementation manner, the protection device 5 is installed outside the image spectrometer 4 for omnibearing protection, because the image spectrometer instrument is precise, the environment in the tunnel is bad, the protection device 5 can reduce the influence of water vapor and dust in the tunnel on the operation of the image spectrometer 4, and prevent surrounding rock from falling down to cause damage to the image spectrometer 4, thereby being beneficial to maintaining the continuity and stability of the operation of the instrument and improving the accuracy of the acquired image spectrum data.
In this embodiment, the system further includes a device adjusting unit, where the device adjusting unit includes a laser range finder 2, a telescopic bracket 6, a sliding rail 7, and a pan-tilt 8;
the laser range finder 2 is used for measuring the distance between the mobile platform and the tunnel face, and according to feedback data of the laser range finder 2, the mobile platform is controlled to move, the telescopic bracket 6 is controlled to move and the image spectrometer 4 is controlled to scan parameters, the mobile platform is controlled to move to the optimal relative position of the image spectrometer and the tunnel face, and quality of acquired image spectrum data is improved.
As an alternative implementation manner, the determination of the optimal relative position between the image spectrometer and the face needs to satisfy that the shot image is distributed as full as possible in the core area of the face; because the face is a key area for mineral testing, the integrity of the face in the field of view of a camera needs to be ensured, the imaging quality of the face is improved, and the integrity, representativeness and accuracy of data testing of acquired data are ensured.
As an alternative implementation manner, the palm face is fully distributed with the core of the camera vision through the adjustment of the moving platform, the telescopic bracket, the setting of the scanning parameters of the image spectrometer and other aspects, and the final position of the whole system is determined at the optimal relative position between the image spectrometer and the palm face according to the distance data acquired by the laser range finder 2.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, six laser rangefinders 2 are configured, two are installed at the front of the mobile platform at the left position, two are installed at the front of the mobile platform at the right position, and the other two are installed at the central position at the top of the protection device;
six laser rangefinders continuously acquire the distance between the mobile platform and the face along with the movement of the mobile platform, the distance information is transmitted to a main control module through a wireless signal transmitter for subsequent operation, the distance data acquired by two laser rangefinders at each position are averaged, the measurement error of each laser rangefinder is reduced, three groups of distance data are finally acquired, and the acquisition of image spectrum data can be carried out when the relative error of each two groups of data is not more than 5%; because the relative position and angle between the mobile platform and the face change along with continuous tunnel excavation, the position of the mobile platform after each movement is standardized by using a plurality of carried laser range finders, the consistency of the image spectrometers and the face position before and after excavation is ensured, and the accuracy and consistency of subsequent data processing are improved.
In this embodiment, the telescopic bracket 6 is used to adjust the height of the image spectrometer 4, so as to adjust the field of view of the camera, and improve the quality of the image spectrum data.
In this embodiment, the sliding rail 7 is mounted on the plane of the moving platform, so that the telescopic bracket 6 can move on the sliding rail 7 in all directions, and is used for searching the position with the best imaging quality.
In this embodiment, the cradle head 8 is used as a damping and stabilizing device, and is used for bearing the laser range finder 2 and the image spectrometer 4, so as to maintain the stability of the operation of the instrument in the severe environment in the tunnel, and be beneficial to improving the accuracy of the measurement data of the laser range finder 2, the imaging quality of the image spectrometer 4 and the data analysis effect.
In this embodiment, the wireless signal transmitter 3 is installed on the laser range finder 2 and the image spectrometer 4, and transmits the distance information and the imaging effect to the main control module and other modules.
In this embodiment, the image spectrometer 4 is directly mounted on the cradle head 8 and the telescopic bracket 6, and the image spectrometer 4 continuously acquires the spectral data of the face image by positioning the laser range finder 2, the telescopic bracket 6, the slide rail 7, the cradle head 8 and the movement of the moving platform; meanwhile, the protection device 5 is connected with the bottom of the image spectrometer 4 and is carried on the cradle head 8 together, so that the protection device 5 is kept stable when moving along with the mobile platform in the severe tunnel environment.
In further embodiments, there is also provided:
an electronic device comprising a memory and a processor and computer instructions stored on the memory and running on the processor, which when executed by the processor, perform the method described in embodiment 1. For brevity, the description is omitted here.
It should be understood that in this embodiment, the processor may be a central processing unit CPU, and the processor may also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors DSP, application specific integrated circuits ASIC, off-the-shelf programmable gate array FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or the like. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
The memory may include read only memory and random access memory and provide instructions and data to the processor, and a portion of the memory may also include non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory may also store information of the device type.
A computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions which, when executed by a processor, perform the method described in embodiment 1.
The method in embodiment 1 may be directly embodied as a hardware processor executing or executed with a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor. The software modules may be located in a random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, etc. as well known in the art. The storage medium is located in a memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and, in combination with its hardware, performs the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, a detailed description is not provided herein.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the elements of the various examples described in connection with the present embodiments, i.e., the algorithm steps, can be implemented as electronic hardware or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented in conjunction with the drawings, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, it is intended to cover all modifications or variations within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. The method for advanced prediction of poor geology by combining spectral imaging and space-time distribution is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: dividing grids of the tunnel face, and selecting a limited number of grid points covering the tunnel face as control points;
step two: selecting a mark mineral of a bad geologic body according to the face image spectrum data of the excavated section;
step three: determining the content of the marked minerals at the control points according to the image spectrum data of the face at the excavation position, and predicting the content of the marked minerals at the control points in front of the face according to the content of the marked minerals; the method comprises the steps of learning by adopting a time sequence method, and predicting the content of a marked mineral at a control point in front of a face;
step four: performing spatial interpolation treatment on the mark mineral content between control points according to the mark mineral content of the control points in front of the face to obtain the mark mineral content in front of the face; the method comprises the steps of outputting the space point discontinuous mineral content of a control point into the space body continuous mineral content by adopting a space interpolation method, and displaying the difference of the mineral content through the filling color development effect of the space body;
step five: and (3) according to the marked mineral content in front of the face, delineating the abnormal mineral region to obtain the position, scale and type of the bad geological body in front of the face.
2. The method for advanced prediction of poor geology integrating spectral imaging and spatio-temporal distribution according to claim 1, wherein said step two comprises: according to the spectral data of the face image of the excavated section, the content of various minerals is obtained, and minerals with the content change exceeding a set threshold value in the bad geological influence area and the normal surrounding rock area are selected as marker minerals.
3. The method for advanced prediction of poor geology integrating spectral imaging and spatio-temporal distribution according to claim 1, wherein said step one includes: setting grid intervals, and carrying out relatively equidistant grid division on the tunnel face according to the grid intervals.
4. The method for advanced prediction of poor geology integrating spectral imaging and spatio-temporal distribution according to claim 1, wherein said step five comprises: determining the limit value of mineral abnormality, adjusting the filling color development effect of the space body, and circumscribing the mineral abnormality area.
5. The method for advanced prediction of poor geology integrating spectral imaging and spatio-temporal distribution according to claim 1, wherein said step three comprises: preprocessing the image spectrum data of the face of the excavated place, wherein the preprocessing comprises radiometric calibration, reflectivity reconstruction and noise weakening;
performing end member extraction on the preprocessed image spectrum data to obtain a pixel spectrum curve, and determining a final mineral end member spectrum by comparing the pixel spectrum curve with a standard mineral spectrum library so as to perform mineral identification;
and (5) calculating the mineral content in a segmented manner by using an image pixel classification statistical method.
6. The method for advanced prediction of poor geology with fused spectral imaging and spatiotemporal distribution according to claim 1, wherein the image spectral data is collected by an image spectrometer, and the optimal relative position between the image spectrometer and the face is required to satisfy that the photographed image is distributed over the core area of the face.
7. The method for fusion of spectral imaging and spatio-temporal distribution of poor geologic look-ahead of time as defined in claim 6, wherein the parameters scanned by the image spectrometer include frequency increment, gaze time and camera focal length; the tuning wavelength of the frequency increment is adjusted to obtain image spectrum data of different wave bands; the fixation time is adjusted to improve the spectrum resolution; the position and the size of the face in the field of view of the camera are adjusted by adjusting the focal length of the camera.
8. The system for advanced prediction of poor geology integrating spectral imaging and space-time distribution is characterized by comprising the following components:
the control point selection module is configured to divide the tunnel face into grids and select a limited number of grid points covering the tunnel face as control points;
the mark mineral selecting module is configured to select mark minerals of the bad geological body according to the face image spectrum data of the excavated section;
the mineral content prediction module is configured to determine the content of the marked mineral at the control point according to the image spectrum data of the face at the excavation position, and predict the content of the marked mineral at the control point in front of the face according to the content of the marked mineral; the method comprises the steps of learning by adopting a time sequence method, and predicting the content of a marked mineral at a control point in front of a face;
the spatial interpolation module is configured to perform spatial interpolation processing on the mark mineral content between the control points according to the mark mineral content of the control points in front of the face to obtain the mark mineral content in front of the face; the method comprises the steps of outputting the space point discontinuous mineral content of a control point into the space body continuous mineral content by adopting a space interpolation method, and displaying the difference of the mineral content through the filling color development effect of the space body;
and the advanced forecasting module is configured to carry out delineation on a mineral abnormal region according to the marked mineral content in front of the face so as to obtain the position, the scale and the type of the bad geological body in front of the face.
9. The system for advanced prediction of poor geology integrating spectral imaging and space-time distribution is characterized by comprising the following components: the system comprises a mobile platform, a main control module, a data acquisition module, a device adjusting unit and a bad geological body advanced prediction module, wherein the main control module, the data acquisition module, the device adjusting unit and the bad geological body advanced prediction module are carried on the mobile platform;
the main control module is configured to control the start and stop of the data acquisition module, the device adjusting unit and the bad geological body advanced prediction module;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring image spectrum data of the face;
the device adjusting unit is used for adjusting the position of the data acquisition module so as to enable the data acquisition module to move to the optimal relative position with the face;
the bad geological body advanced prediction module receives image spectrum data of the face and is configured to perform the definition of the mineral abnormal region according to the image spectrum data by adopting the method of any one of claims 1 to 7 so as to obtain the position, the scale and the type of the bad geological body in front of the face.
10. The fused spectral imaging and spatio-temporal distribution poor geological prediction system of claim 9,
the data acquisition module comprises a protection device and an image spectrometer arranged in the protection device; parameters scanned by the image spectrometer include frequency increment, gaze time and camera focal length; the tuning wavelength of the frequency increment is adjusted to obtain image spectrum data of different wave bands; the fixation time is adjusted to improve the spectrum resolution; adjusting the position and the size of the face in the field of view of the camera by adjusting the focal length of the camera;
the device adjusting unit comprises a laser range finder, a telescopic bracket, a sliding rail and a cradle head;
the laser range finder is used for measuring the distance between the mobile platform and the tunnel face and controlling the mobile platform to move to the optimal relative position of the data acquisition module and the tunnel face, and the determination of the optimal relative position is required to meet the requirement that the shot image is distributed in the core area of the tunnel face;
the telescopic bracket is used for adjusting the height of the data acquisition module so as to adjust the visual field range of the camera;
the sliding rail is arranged on the moving platform, and the telescopic bracket is arranged on the sliding rail so as to enable the telescopic bracket to move on the sliding rail;
the cradle head is used for bearing the laser range finder and the data acquisition module.
11. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor and computer instructions stored on the memory and running on the processor, which when executed by the processor, perform the method of any one of claims 1-7.
12. A computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions which, when executed by a processor, perform the method of any of claims 1-7.
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