CN115900543B - Steel structure hoisting simulation method combining 3D scanning and BIM - Google Patents
Steel structure hoisting simulation method combining 3D scanning and BIM Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a steel structure hoisting simulation method combining 3D scanning and BIM, which adopts BIM technology to establish a 1:1 three-dimensional model of each pier and the whole steel capping beam as a theoretical model, adopts 3D scanning technology to establish pier point cloud, embedded bolt point cloud, column foot point cloud and steel capping beam point cloud data under each construction procedure as an actual model, and unifies the space coordinates of the BIM model and the pier point cloud model through a coordinate transformation method. The hoisting precision of the column base and the steel bent cap is guaranteed, the steel structure of each operation procedure is guaranteed to be hoisted and closed smoothly at one time, the operation influence on the existing high-speed railway is reduced, the workload of field measuring staff is reduced, and the hoisting precision is well controlled. Belonging to the field of civil engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a steel structure hoisting simulation method combining 3D scanning and BIM, which is particularly suitable for hoisting simulation, pre-installation, pre-assembly, installation precision detection and the like of multi-purpose steel structures with large span, opposite property and the like, and belongs to the field of civil engineering.
Background
The standard stone village double-line super bridge full bridge of the Guinan railway 1 adds up 1345.275 meters, the railway speed is 350km/h, wherein 23# to 28#6 piers are connected with a high-speed railway line with a speed per hour of 300km/h, the high-speed railway line is a gate pier steel capping beam structure, each gate pier is divided into a left pier and a right pier, 40 embedded bolts are respectively arranged on the top surfaces of the left pier and the right pier of the gate pier, 6 pairs of gate piers are provided with 480 embedded bolts in total, the length of a steel capping beam is 29m, 30.5m, 31.5m and other 3 types for accurately installing the steel capping beam column foot. The steel bent cap is hoisted for 2 times, the first time is to hoist the steel bent cap column base to the embedded bolts on the top surface of the pier, and the second time is to hoist the steel bent cap integrally to the column base to form an letter connection mode, and the installation accuracy is controlled to be within 2 mm. Before traditional large-span steel construction hoist and mount construction, adopt high accuracy total powerstation to measure embedded bolt central point, column base bottom plate bolt hole central point, 4 female sumps on every column base, 8 female sumps on every piece steel bent cap, and the three-dimensional coordinates of 4 sumps of top surface, and divide the observation data of establishing the multispeed under the different weather and the temperature such as morning, evening, factor such as the actual length of comprehensive analysis steel construction, deflection, adjust the back to steel construction fixed position, carry out integral hoisting again to the steel construction, it has certain problem: (1) The field measurement workload is large, and a great amount of time is consumed; (2) For the characteristic point position of the steel structure on the high altitude, a certain high altitude operation risk exists; (3) The prism can not be erected at part of the positions, and the three-dimensional coordinate obtained by adopting the prism-free mode measurement has lower precision; (4) The closure position is expressed by a few points, and the overall closure error cannot be estimated; (5) The steel structure cannot be subjected to attitude hoisting simulation, and the data lacks guidance; (6) The construction of the existing high-speed railway line is close, and the safety risk requirement for measurement and hoisting is extremely high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a steel structure hoisting simulation method combining 3D scanning and BIM (building information modeling) to ensure the hoisting precision of column feet and steel bent caps, ensure the smooth hoisting closure of the steel structure of each operation procedure at one time, reduce the operation influence on the existing high-speed railway, reduce the workload of field measurement personnel and control the hoisting precision.
In order to achieve the above purpose, a steel structure hoisting simulation method combining 3D scanning and BIM is adopted, a BIM technology is adopted to establish a 1:1 three-dimensional model of each pier and the whole steel cap beam, the three-dimensional model is used as a theoretical model, a 3D scanning technology is used to establish pier point cloud, embedded bolt point cloud, column base point cloud and steel cap beam point cloud data under each construction procedure, the three-dimensional model is used as an actual model, and the space coordinates of the BIM model and the pier point cloud model are unified through a coordinate transformation method.
Firstly, carrying out hoisting simulation on column bases, carrying out simulated hoisting on column base point cloud models on the ground according to the positions of column base BIM models, enabling the column base point cloud models to coincide with the BIM models, carrying out three-dimensional detection on the installation accuracy of embedded bolts and bolt holes, determining the positions, the sizes and the number of the milling holes of the bolt holes on each column base according to model collision results, and carrying out field hoisting after the milling of the column base holes is completed;
secondly, the steel bent cap hoisting simulation is carried out, point cloud data after column foot hoisting is completed are respectively established, the point cloud data after steel bent cap assembling is completed, the BIM model of the steel bent cap is combined, the steel bent cap point cloud model is hoisted and simulated to be overlapped with the BIM model, three-dimensional detection is carried out on the steel bent cap and column foot 'female' mouth closure segments on the column foot, and the space plane position of the column foot is adjusted according to the detection results of 4 sides of the 'female' character, so that the steel bent cap is hoisted on site.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Building BIM model
According to the design drawing, importing a plan view of the gate pier into BIM software, and establishing a 1:1 three-dimensional model of each pier and the whole steel cap beam;
2) Pier scanning and embedded bolt fitting
Combining existing control points on site, newly arranging control points around the gate pier steel bent cap, measuring the coordinates of each control point by using a total station, and correcting the three-dimensional coordinates (x n ，y n ，h n ) The three-dimensional laser scanning rearview centering device is used for three-dimensional laser scanning rearview centering;
the three-dimensional laser scanner adopts a free standing method, a prism is erected on two known points, the coordinates of the scanner are measured by adopting a rear intersection method, and the rearview error delta of each measuring station x ，δ y ，δ h No more than 1mm;
firstly, building stations around the bridge piers, scanning out point cloud data of the side face of each bridge pier body, building stations at the center of the top face of each bridge pier, and scanning out point cloud data of 40 embedded bolts on the top face of each bridge pier in a fine scanning mode, so that the point cloud data are arranged on one half of cylindrical surfaces of each bolt;
in TBC point cloud software processing, point cloud extraction is carried out on scanned data, the scanned data are led into pts format data, the pts format data are led into point cloud post-processing software, an optimal cylinder fitting method is adopted, random point clouds are selected at the upper position, the middle position and the lower position of the same bolt respectively, the bolt point cloud data are fitted, a similar method is adopted, a pier is used as a file group, and each fitted bolt is named.
3) Column foot scanning and bolt hole fitting
For column foot scanning, scanning stations are respectively arranged at positions which are 1 m-2 m away from 4 vertexes and 4 column foot surfaces of each column foot, and the rearview centering error delta of each scanning station x ，δ y ，δ h None of them exceeds 1mm;
after each column base is scanned, deleting all point clouds except the column base by adopting a point cloud filtering classification method, detecting column base holes at the same time, and naming according to the serial number of each pier;
the fitting of the column foot bolt holes adopts an optimal cylindrical fitting method, 3 points are staggered on the surface of each bolt hole, the cloud limit difference of the points is set to be 0.5mm, the bolt holes on each column foot are fitted one by one, and the fitting height of the bolt holes is 5cm;
the naming rule of the bolt holes on each column base is consistent with that of the embedded bolts.
4) Column foot hoisting simulation and detection
Solving the positions of any 3 bridge deck vertexes on the gate pier through a design chart, respectively recording coordinate values, importing a BIM model of the whole gate pier into point cloud software, correspondingly measuring the point cloud coordinates of the 3 bridge deck vertexes, and calculating 3 translation values (delta) between the point cloud model and the BIM model by adopting a burst-Wolf function x ，Δ y ，Δ h ) 3 rotation values (omega x ，ω y ，ω h ) 1 scaling value k, and modulo BIMThe model is subjected to coordinate transformation, so that the BIM model is accurately fused to the point cloud model;
measuring 3 common point cloud coordinates on the same column base on the BIM model and the point cloud model respectively, calculating 7 coordinate conversion parameters by adopting a burst-Wolf function calculation, and carrying out hoisting simulation on the column base model, wherein in the simulation process, the column base ground is firstly adjusted to be parallel to a level surface, then the column base is horizontally hoisted, and finally, the height of the column base is adjusted, so that each bolt hole on the column base accurately falls onto an embedded bolt;
making a normal line with the top surface of the pier, selecting a normal line, an embedded bolt fitting model and a column foot bolt hole fitting model, performing space detection analysis on column foot hoisting of the pier, firstly detecting the collision condition when the column foot hole just passes through the embedded bolt top, then detecting the collision condition of the embedded bolt and the column foot hole when the column foot is completely hoisted on the bridge deck, and calculating the position, the collision direction and the collision value of each bolt and the bolt hole when the column foot is hoisted to the bottom by taking 1cm as a section respectively;
after the column foot hoisting simulation is completed, the collision results on the upper section and the lower section of each gate pier bolt are synthesized, the number of milling holes, the milling hole position, the milling hole direction and the milling hole size of the bolt holes on each column foot are determined, and the three-dimensional intersection guiding milling hole implementation is carried out on the site.
5) Steel capping beam and column foot scanning
After the steel bent cap is assembled on site, scanning stations are respectively built on the 4 side surfaces and the top surface of the steel bent cap, and point cloud data of the whole steel bent cap are scanned;
after all the column bases are lifted, a scanning station is respectively built at the outer sides of the gate piers, and the point cloud data of the steel plates at the outer sides of the 'female' openings of the column bases at the top of each column base are scanned in a focused mode.
6) Steel bent cap hoisting simulation
4 vertexes and 4 intermediate points are selected on the top surface of the steel bent cap, and the included angle theta between 8 points and the level surface is calculated xh ，θ yh Calculating a horizontal included angle error delta by adopting a least square method xh ，δ yh Parameters of XH direction and YH direction of the steel bent cap are enteredReversely adjusting the rows to ensure that the steel bent cap is strictly horizontal;
adjusting the point cloud visual angle to be in a overlooking state, carrying out hoisting simulation on the steel bent cap, firstly moving the steel bent cap to a left column foot letter opening, defining 2 space lines at closure positions of the column foot and the left column foot letter opening and the right column foot letter opening of the steel bent cap respectively, and calculating an included angle theta between the two lines through space line-line analysis xy And (3) taking one closure vertex as a rotation center, carrying out horizontal hoisting simulation on the steel bent cap, and after detecting the coincidence of horizontal point cloud projections of the column bases on the left side and the right side and the horizontal point cloud projections of the letter mouth, adjusting the height of the steel bent cap, and carrying out beam falling simulation on the steel bent cap.
7) Point cloud reversal and detection
Respectively carrying out point cloud segmentation processing on the column feet on each pair of gate piers, deleting point cloud data below a column foot bottom plate, carrying out optimization processing on the point clouds by adopting a point cloud iteration algorithm, enabling the point clouds in 4 directions of each column foot to be positioned on a horizontal line as much as possible, setting grid point cloud intervals to be 5mm by adopting a reverse engineering method, and converting the column foot point clouds into a three-dimensional grid model;
deleting other redundant points of the steel bent cap, optimizing point cloud data of column feet 'letter' openings on two sides of the steel bent cap by adopting a point cloud iterative algorithm, setting grid point cloud spacing to be 5mm by adopting a reverse engineering method, and converting the point cloud of the steel bent cap into a three-dimensional grid model;
on a steel bent cap BIM model, defining a straight line L on the edge angle of the side surface of the model, simultaneously selecting the straight line, a column foot grid model and the steel bent cap grid model for space collision analysis, taking 5cm as a section, and calculating the position relationship between 8 edges on the left column foot letter opening and the right column foot letter opening;
meanwhile, the space position between the steel bent cap and the contact net is detected, and the actual distance between the steel bent cap and the contact net is accurately calculated.
8) Column foot posture adjustment and steel bent cap hoisting
According to the detection results between the edges of the 'female' character openings of the 8 column bases on each gate pier, the results are met on the site of the combined total station, and the adjustment parameters (translation parameters X, Y and rotation parameters of an XY plane) of the column bases on the left side and the right side of each gate pier are calculated;
the length of the steel capping beam is taken as a reference, column feet at the left side and the right side are adjusted, and the distance between the outer side steel structural surfaces of the column feet at the left side and the right side is ensured to be consistent with the length of the steel capping beam;
after the length direction of the steel bent cap is adjusted, horizontal adjustment is carried out again, so that the 2 column foot letter openings on each pair of gate piers can be closed;
and after the final column foot adjustment is finished, a total station and three-dimensional laser scanning are adopted, the column foot distance and the steel bent cap length are synchronously checked, and after the error meets the requirement, a proper skylight point is selected to hoist the steel bent cap on site.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that a BIM technology is adopted to establish a 1:1 model of the whole steel bent cap, three-dimensional laser scanning is adopted to establish three-dimensional dense point cloud data of piers, embedded bolts and column bases, the steel bent cap is hung on the column bases for the first time, cylindrical models of the embedded bolts and column base bolt holes are fitted respectively, space collision analysis is carried out on the 2 cylindrical models, the milling position and milling size of each column base are obtained, and site implementation is guided; and carrying out integral hoisting simulation on the steel bent cap for the second time, converting the point cloud model into a three-dimensional grid model by adopting point cloud reverse engineering, simultaneously carrying out space collision detection on the grid model of the 2 column foot 'female' character openings of the closure positions of the steel bent cap and the column foot, and synchronously adjusting the space positions of the left column foot and the right column foot on each steel bent cap by taking the length of the steel bent cap as a reference. The method ensures the smooth hoisting of each stage of the steel bent cap, ensures the closure precision of the steel bent cap, reduces the running influence on the existing high-speed railway, reduces the field workload of measuring staff, has obvious social benefit and economic benefit, has the advantages of real and reliable data, visual simulation expression effect, strong construction guidance, high working efficiency and the like, and has important guiding significance and popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a column shoe lifting simulation;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the embedded bolts and the toe holes;
FIG. 4 is a schematic fitting diagram of a pre-buried bolt hole model;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a column shoe lifting simulation test;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a steel bent cap hoisting simulation;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a steel bent cap hoisting simulation;
wherein, reference numeral 1 is column foot "letter" mouth, 2 is hoist and mount simulation column foot, 3 is pre-buried bolt point cloud model, 4 is column foot bottom plate (41 is column foot bottom plate-hoist and mount simulation to bolt top, 42 is column foot bottom plate-hoist and mount simulation completion back), 5 is pier, 6 is bolt fitting model, 7 is column foot bolt hole, 8 is pier top surface, 9 is bolt hole site, 10 is steel bent cap "letter" mouth, 11 is left side column foot, 12 is steel bent cap, 13 is closure section, 14 is the contact net, 15 is the operation high-speed rail, 16 is No. 23 mounds-not hoist and mount, 17 is No. 23 mounds (point cloud), 18 is No. 24 mounds-not hoist and mount, 19 is No. 24 mounds (point cloud), 20 is No. 25 mounds (BIM), 21 is No. 26 mounds (BIM), 22 is No. 27 mounds (BIM), 23 is No. 28 mounds (BIM).
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments described herein, including examples, illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present embodiment provides a method for simulating hoisting of a steel structure by combining 3D scanning and BIM, taking a 1 st standard stone village double-line super bridge of a Guinan railway as an example, and the specific operation method is as follows
1) Building BIM model
According to the design drawing, the plan view of the No. 23-No. 28 gate pier is imported into BIM software, and in order to improve the simulated hoisting effect of a steel structure, the origin of coordinates is the center of a left side pier of the No. 23 gate pier, a BIM model on each gate pier is a component model, and each component comprises 2 pier BIM models, 80 embedded bolt BIM models, 2 column foot BIM models, 80 bolt hole BIM models and 1 steel cap beam BIM model.
2) Pier scanning and embedded bolt fitting
Combining existing control points on site, newly arranging 8-10 control points around 12 gate pier steel bent caps, measuring the coordinates of each control point by using a total station, and correcting the three-dimensional coordinates (x n ，y n ，h n ) The three-dimensional laser scanning rearview centering device is used for three-dimensional laser scanning rearview centering.
The three-dimensional laser scanner adopts a free standing method, a prism is erected on two known points, the coordinates of the scanner are measured by adopting a rear intersection method, and the rearview error delta of each measuring station x ，δ y ，δ h Neither can exceed 1mm.
Firstly, building stations around 12 piers, scanning out point cloud data of the side face of each pier, building stations at the centers of the top faces of the 12 piers, and scanning out point cloud data of 40 embedded bolts on the top faces of each pier in a fine scanning mode, so that the point cloud data are all on one half of cylindrical surfaces of each bolt.
In TBC point cloud software processing, point cloud extraction is carried out on scanning data, the scanning data are guided into pts format data, and the pts format data are imported into point cloud post-processing software. And selecting any point cloud at the upper, middle and lower positions of the same bolt respectively by adopting an optimal cylinder fitting method, and fitting the bolt point cloud data, wherein in order to ensure the fitting accuracy of the bolt, the calculation error of the point cloud is set to be 0.5mm. By adopting a similar method, taking the bridge pier as a file group, naming each fitted bolt, taking the 23# pier as an example, and naming the left pier as: 23#LL-Z1, 23#LL-Z2 … … 23#LL-Z40, right pier designation: 23#LL-Y1, 23#LL-Y2 … … 23#LL-Y40. And leading out 40 bolt heads on each pier to one subfile simultaneously, wherein the file name mode is 23# left pier bolt fitting, 23# right pier bolt fitting and the leading-out format is STL.
3) Column foot scanning and bolt hole fitting
For column foot scanning, in order to acquire point cloud data on the cylindrical surface on the inner side of each bottom plate bolt hole, the point cloud of each bolt hole is ensured to reach 1/3-1/1 cylindrical surface, and 4 vertexes and 4 column foot surfaces are required to be separated from each column footThe positions of 1 m-2 m are respectively provided with scanning stations, and the rearview centering error delta of each scanning station x ，δ y ，δ h Neither can exceed 1mm.
After each column base is scanned, deleting all point clouds except the column base by adopting a point cloud filtering classification method, detecting column base holes, and deleting the point clouds with larger offset, suspension and the like. And each pier is named according to the serial number, taking a 23-pier as an example, the left pier column foot is named as 23#ZJ-Z, and the right pier column foot is named as 23#ZJ-Y.
The fitting of the column foot bolt holes adopts an optimal cylindrical fitting method, 3 points are staggered on the surface of each bolt hole, the cloud limit difference of the points is set to be 0.5mm, the bolt holes on each column foot are fitted one by one, and the fitting height of the bolt holes is 5cm.
The naming convention of the bolt holes on each column base is consistent with that of the embedded bolts, taking a No. 23 pier as an example, and the left pier is named as: 23#zjk-Z1, 23#zjk-Z2 … … 23#zjk-Z40, right pier is named: 23#zjk-Y1, 23#zjk-Y2 … … 23#zjk-Y40, 40 bolt holes on each column base are subfiles, the file naming mode is 23#left pier stud bolt fitting, 23#right pier stud bolt fitting, and the derived format is STL.
4) Column foot hoisting simulation and detection
Solving the positions of any 3 bridge deck vertexes on 6 pairs of gate piers on a design chart, respectively recording coordinate values, importing a BIM model of the whole gate pier into point cloud software, correspondingly measuring the point cloud coordinates of the 3 bridge deck vertexes, and calculating 3 translation values (delta) between the point cloud model and the BIM model by adopting a burst-Wolf function x ，Δ y ，Δ h ) 3 rotation values (omega x ，ω y ，ω h ) And 1, scaling the value k, and carrying out coordinate transformation on the BIM model to enable the BIM model to be accurately fused to the point cloud model.
And 3 common point cloud coordinates are measured on the same column base respectively on the BIM model and the point cloud model, 7 coordinate conversion parameters are calculated respectively by adopting a burst-Wolf function calculation, the column base model is subjected to hoisting simulation, in the simulation process, the column base ground is adjusted to be parallel to the level surface, then the column base is horizontally hoisted, and finally the height of the column base is adjusted, so that each bolt hole on the column base accurately falls onto the embedded bolt.
And (3) making a normal line with the top surface of the pier, selecting a normal line, an embedded bolt fitting model and a column base bolt hole fitting model, carrying out space detection analysis on column base hoisting of the model, firstly detecting the collision condition when the column base hole just passes through the embedded bolt top, then detecting the collision condition of the embedded bolt and the column base hole when the column base is completely hoisted on the bridge deck, respectively taking 1cm as a section, and calculating the position, the collision direction and the collision value of each bolt and the bolt hole when the column base is hoisted and simulated to the bottom.
After the hoisting simulation of 12 column bases is completed, the collision results on the upper section and the lower section of each gate pier bolt are synthesized, the number of milling holes, the hole milling position, the hole milling direction and the hole milling size of the bolt holes on each column base are determined, and the three-dimensional intersection guiding hole milling implementation is carried out on the site.
5) Steel capping beam and column foot scanning
After the steel bent cap is assembled on site, scanning stations are respectively built on the 4 side surfaces and the top surface of the steel bent cap, and point cloud data of the whole steel bent cap are scanned.
After all the 12 column bases are hoisted, a scanning station is respectively built at the outer sides of the 6 gate piers, and the point cloud data of the steel plate at the outer side of the column base 'letter' mouth 1 at the top of each column base are scanned in a focused mode.
6) Steel bent cap hoisting simulation
Because the ground assembled on site of the steel capping beam is not strictly horizontal, the steel capping beam is inclined, 4 vertexes and 4 intermediate points are selected on the top surface of the steel capping beam, and the included angles theta between 8 points and the level surface are calculated respectively in order to ensure the flatness of the railway track surface xh ，θ yh Calculating a horizontal included angle error delta by adopting a least square method xh ，δ yh And reversely adjusting parameters of the steel bent cap in the XH direction and the YH direction to ensure that the steel bent cap is strictly horizontal.
The point cloud view angle is adjusted to be in a overlooking state, the steel bent cap is hoisted and simulated, firstly, the steel bent cap is moved to a left column foot letter-shaped opening 1, and the steel bent cap is respectively arranged on a column foot and a column footThe closure positions of the column bases on the left side and the right side of the steel bent cap are respectively 1, 2 space lines are defined, and an included angle theta between the two lines is calculated through space line-line analysis xy And (3) taking one closure vertex as a rotation center, carrying out horizontal hoisting simulation on the steel bent cap, and after detecting the coincidence of horizontal point cloud projections of the column base 'letter' mouth 1 on the left side and the right side, adjusting the height of the steel bent cap, and carrying out beam falling simulation on the steel bent cap.
7) Point cloud reversal and detection
And respectively carrying out point cloud segmentation processing on the column bases on each pair of gate piers, deleting point cloud data below a column base plate, and carrying out optimization processing on the point clouds by adopting a point cloud iteration algorithm, so that the point clouds in 4 directions of each column base are positioned on a horizontal line as much as possible. And (3) setting the grid point cloud distance to be 5mm by adopting a reverse engineering method, and converting the column base point cloud into a three-dimensional grid model.
And deleting other redundant points of the steel bent cap, adopting a point cloud iterative algorithm to optimize the point cloud data of the column base letter mouth 1 at the two sides of the steel bent cap, adopting a reverse engineering method, setting the grid point cloud space to be 5mm, and converting the point cloud of the steel bent cap into a three-dimensional grid model.
On a steel bent cap BIM model, a straight line L is defined on the edge angle of the side face of the model, meanwhile, a straight line, a column foot grid model and the steel bent cap grid model are selected for space collision analysis, 5cm is taken as a section, and the position relation between 8 edges on the left column foot letter mouth 1 and the right column foot letter mouth 1 is calculated.
Meanwhile, the space position between the steel bent cap and the contact net can be detected, the actual distance between the steel bent cap and the contact net can be accurately calculated, and the emergency plan can be conveniently formulated for the project department.
8) Column foot posture adjustment and steel bent cap hoisting
And according to the detection results between the edges of the 'female' character openings 1 of the 8 column bases on each gate pier, the results are met on the site combining with a total station, and the adjustment parameters of the column bases on the left side and the right side of each gate pier are calculated.
And the length of the steel bent cap is taken as a reference, the column feet at the left side and the right side are adjusted, and the distance between the outer side steel structural surfaces of the column feet at the left side and the right side is ensured to be consistent with the length of the steel bent cap.
After the length direction of the steel bent cap is adjusted, horizontal adjustment is performed again, so that the 2 column base letter openings 1 on each pair of gate piers can be guaranteed to be closed.
And after the final column foot adjustment is finished, a total station and three-dimensional laser scanning are adopted, the column foot distance and the steel bent cap length are synchronously checked, and after the error meets the requirement, a proper skylight point is selected to hoist the steel bent cap on site.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A steel structure hoisting simulation method combining 3D scanning and BIM is characterized in that: a steel structure hoisting simulation method combining 3D scanning and BIM is provided, the method adopts BIM technology to establish a three-dimensional model of each pier and the whole steel bent cap 1:1 as a theoretical model, 3D scanning technology establishes pier point cloud, embedded bolt point cloud, column foot point cloud and steel bent cap point cloud data under each construction procedure as an actual model, and space coordinates of the BIM model and the pier point cloud model are unified through a coordinate transformation method;
firstly, carrying out hoisting simulation on column bases, carrying out simulated hoisting on column base point cloud models on the ground according to the positions of column base BIM models, enabling the column base point cloud models to coincide with the BIM models, carrying out three-dimensional detection on the installation accuracy of embedded bolts and bolt holes, determining the positions, the sizes and the number of the milling holes of the bolt holes on each column base according to model collision results, and carrying out field hoisting after the milling of the column base holes is completed;
secondly, steel bent cap hoisting simulation is carried out, point cloud data after column foot hoisting is completed are respectively established, point cloud data after steel bent cap assembling is completed, a BIM model of the steel bent cap is combined, hoisting simulation is carried out on the steel bent cap point cloud model, the steel bent cap point cloud model is overlapped with the BIM model, three-dimensional detection is carried out on the steel bent cap and column foot 'female' mouth closure segments on the column foot, and the space plane position of the column foot is adjusted according to the detection results of 4 sides of the 'female' character, so that steel bent cap field hoisting is carried out;
the method comprises the following steps: building a BIM model; scanning a pier and fitting embedded bolts; scanning a column base and fitting bolt holes; simulating and detecting column foot hoisting; scanning a steel bent cap and a column foot; hoisting and simulating the steel bent cap; reversing and detecting point clouds; column foot posture adjustment and steel cap beam hoisting;
the pier scanning and embedded bolt fitting are specifically as follows:
combining existing control points on site, newly arranging control points around the gate pier steel bent cap, measuring the coordinates of each control point by using a total station, and correcting the three-dimensional coordinates (x n ，y n ，h n ) The three-dimensional laser scanning rearview centering device is used for three-dimensional laser scanning rearview centering;
the three-dimensional laser scanner adopts a free standing method, a prism is erected on two known points, the coordinates of the scanner are measured by adopting a rear intersection method, and the rearview error delta of each measuring station x ，δ y ，δ h No more than 1mm;
firstly, building stations around the bridge piers, scanning out point cloud data of the side face of each bridge pier body, building stations at the center of the top face of each bridge pier, and scanning out point cloud data of 40 embedded bolts on the top face of each bridge pier in a fine scanning mode, so that the point cloud data are arranged on one half of cylindrical surfaces of each bolt;
in TBC point cloud software processing, point cloud extraction is carried out on scanned data, the scanned data are led into pts format data, the pts format data are led into point cloud post-processing software, an optimal cylinder fitting method is adopted, random point clouds are selected at the upper position, the middle position and the lower position of the same bolt respectively, the bolt point cloud data are fitted, a similar method is adopted, a pier is used as a file group, and each fitted bolt is named;
the column shoe scanning and bolt hole fitting are specifically as follows:
for column foot scanning, scanning stations are respectively arranged at positions which are 1 m-2 m away from 4 vertexes and 4 column foot surfaces of each column foot, and the rearview centering error delta of each scanning station x ，δ y ，δ h None of them exceeds 1mm;
after each column base is scanned, deleting all point clouds except the column base by adopting a point cloud filtering classification method, detecting column base holes at the same time, and naming according to the serial number of each pier;
the fitting of the column foot bolt holes adopts an optimal cylindrical fitting method, 3 points are staggered on the surface of each bolt hole, the cloud limit difference of the points is set to be 0.5mm, the bolt holes on each column foot are fitted one by one, and the fitting height of the bolt holes is 5cm;
the naming rule of the bolt holes on each column base is consistent with that of the embedded bolts;
the column foot hoisting simulation and detection are specifically as follows:
solving the positions of any 3 bridge deck vertexes on the gate pier through a design chart, respectively recording coordinate values, importing a BIM model of the whole gate pier into point cloud software, correspondingly measuring the point cloud coordinates of the 3 bridge deck vertexes, and calculating 3 translation values (delta) between the point cloud model and the BIM model by adopting a burst-Wolf function x ，Δ y ，Δ h ) 3 rotation values (omega x ，ω y ，ω h ) 1, scaling a value k, and carrying out coordinate transformation on the BIM model to enable the BIM model to be accurately fused to the point cloud model;
measuring 3 common point cloud coordinates on the same column base on the BIM model and the point cloud model respectively, calculating 7 coordinate conversion parameters by adopting a burst-Wolf function calculation, and carrying out hoisting simulation on the column base model, wherein in the simulation process, the column base ground is firstly adjusted to be parallel to a level surface, then the column base is horizontally hoisted, and finally, the height of the column base is adjusted, so that each bolt hole on the column base accurately falls onto an embedded bolt;
making a normal line with the top surface of the pier, selecting a normal line, an embedded bolt fitting model and a column foot bolt hole fitting model, performing space detection analysis on column foot hoisting of the pier, firstly detecting the collision condition when the column foot hole just passes through the embedded bolt top, then detecting the collision condition of the embedded bolt and the column foot hole when the column foot is completely hoisted on the bridge deck, and calculating the position, the collision direction and the collision value of each bolt and the bolt hole when the column foot is hoisted to the bottom by taking 1cm as a section respectively;
after the column foot hoisting simulation is completed, the collision results on the upper section and the lower section of each gate pier bolt are synthesized, the number of milling holes, the milling hole position, the milling hole direction and the milling hole size of the bolt holes on each column foot are determined, and three-dimensional intersection guiding milling holes are performed on site;
the steel bent cap hoisting simulation is specifically as follows:
4 vertexes and 4 intermediate points are selected on the top surface of the steel bent cap, and the included angle theta between 8 points and the level surface is calculated xh ，θ yh Calculating a horizontal included angle error delta by adopting a least square method xh ，δ yh Reversely adjusting parameters of the steel bent cap in the XH direction and the YH direction to ensure that the steel bent cap is strictly horizontal;
adjusting the point cloud visual angle to be in a overlooking state, carrying out hoisting simulation on the steel bent cap, firstly moving the steel bent cap to a left column foot letter opening, defining 2 space lines at closure positions of the column foot and the left column foot letter opening and the right column foot letter opening of the steel bent cap respectively, and calculating an included angle theta between the two lines through space line-line analysis xy The method comprises the steps of taking a closure vertex as a rotation center, carrying out horizontal hoisting simulation on a steel bent cap, adjusting the height of the steel bent cap after detecting the superposition of horizontal point cloud projections of column bases on the left side and the right side and the horizontal point cloud projection of a letter mouth, and carrying out beam falling simulation on the steel bent cap;
the point cloud reverse and detection are specifically as follows:
respectively carrying out point cloud segmentation processing on the column feet on each pair of gate piers, deleting point cloud data below a column foot bottom plate, carrying out optimization processing on the point clouds by adopting a point cloud iteration algorithm, enabling the point clouds in 4 directions of each column foot to be positioned on a horizontal line as much as possible, setting grid point cloud intervals to be 5mm by adopting a reverse engineering method, and converting the column foot point clouds into a three-dimensional grid model;
deleting other redundant points of the steel bent cap, optimizing point cloud data of column feet 'letter' openings on two sides of the steel bent cap by adopting a point cloud iterative algorithm, setting grid point cloud spacing to be 5mm by adopting a reverse engineering method, and converting the point cloud of the steel bent cap into a three-dimensional grid model;
on a steel bent cap BIM model, defining a straight line L on the edge angle of the side surface of the model, simultaneously selecting the straight line, a column foot grid model and the steel bent cap grid model for space collision analysis, taking 5cm as a section, and calculating the position relationship between 8 edges on the left column foot letter opening and the right column foot letter opening;
meanwhile, detecting the space position between the steel bent cap and the contact net, and accurately calculating the actual distance between the steel bent cap and the contact net;
the column foot posture adjustment and the steel cap beam hoisting are specifically as follows:
according to the detection results between the edges of the 'female' character openings of the 8 column bases on each gate pier, the on-site coincidence results of the combined total station are obtained, and the adjustment parameters of the column bases on the left side and the right side of each gate pier are calculated, wherein the adjustment parameters comprise translation parameters X, Y and rotation parameters of an XY plane;
the length of the steel capping beam is taken as a reference, column feet at the left side and the right side are adjusted, and the distance between the outer side steel structural surfaces of the column feet at the left side and the right side is ensured to be consistent with the length of the steel capping beam;
after the length direction of the steel bent cap is adjusted, horizontal adjustment is carried out again, so that the 2 column foot letter openings on each pair of gate piers can be closed;
and after the final column foot adjustment is finished, a total station and three-dimensional laser scanning are adopted, the column foot distance and the steel bent cap length are synchronously checked, and after the error meets the requirement, a proper skylight point is selected to hoist the steel bent cap on site.
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