CN115898395B - Cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact and preparation method and device thereof - Google Patents
Cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact and preparation method and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 29
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 146
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of superhard composite materials, and particularly relates to a cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact and a preparation method and a device thereof. The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact provided by the invention comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, a middle transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. According to the polycrystalline diamond compact provided by the invention, the hard alloy particles, the steel matrix powder and the copper-based brazing filler metal powder are used as brazing materials of the intermediate transition layer, and the friction brazing connection of the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer is realized through friction brazing, so that the extension type compact is obtained. The invention combines the special intermediate transition layer and friction brazing, not only buffers the residual stress between the steel matrix and the hard alloy, but also enhances the bonding strength of the interface, and greatly meets the application requirement of the extension polycrystalline diamond compact under the working condition of the cutting pick of the coal mine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of superhard composite materials, and particularly relates to a cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact and a preparation method and a device thereof.
Background
The polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC compact for short) is formed by sintering diamond micro powder and a hard alloy matrix at high temperature and high pressure. The polycrystalline diamond layer is formed by sintering diamond micropowder on the hard alloy substrate, so that the composite sheet not only has the ultra-high hardness and wear resistance of diamond, but also has the strength and impact resistance of the hard alloy. In view of the excellent characteristics of the diamond compact, the diamond compact can be suitable for various different working environments, such as PDC drill bits and superhard cutters, and is particularly suitable for the application field of coal mine cutting picks.
The existing coal mine cutting pick is made of hard alloy, and although the hard alloy has strong impact resistance, the hard alloy is not wear-resistant, has low hardness, is extremely easy to wear and lose efficacy in the process of coal crushing and tunneling, and severely restricts the service life. Therefore, the use of diamond compacts as coal mine picks is of great importance. However, due to equipment limitations, the existing diamond compacts have limited dimensional specifications (diameters less than 25mm and heights less than 20 mm) and cannot meet the height and size requirements required by coal mine cutting picks. Therefore, the composite sheet needs to be lengthened to be applied to a coal mine pick.
The existing diamond compact lengthening method mainly adopts brazing filler metal brazing or friction welding, and the brazing method is limited by the thermal stability of a polycrystalline diamond layer on the compact (the welding temperature is required to be lower than 800 ℃, otherwise the polycrystalline diamond layer can be carbonized), and the brazing filler metal is multipurpose low Wen Yinji, such as silver-copper eutectic brazing filler metal with liquidus lower than 800 ℃ adopted in Chinese patent with publication number of CN 106270883B. However, the silver-based solder welded joint has low strength and cannot meet the use requirement of the coal mine cutting pick on high strength. The friction welding does not use brazing filler metal, is similar to solid state welding, has high welding temperature and high joint strength, but the residual thermal stress between the interface of the hard alloy obtained by friction welding and the steel matrix is large, and the interface is easy to crack.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings, a first object of the present invention is to provide a cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact, which belongs to an extension type diamond compact, has high joint strength and small interface residual stress, and can meet the application requirements under the working condition of a coal mine cutting pick.
The second object of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact, which has simple process, can give consideration to the advantages of high strength of a bonding surface, no thermal damage of a polycrystalline diamond layer and small residual stress of a bonding interface, and is suitable for industrial preparation and application of the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact.
The third object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for implementing the method for preparing a cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact, which can realize high-strength lengthening preparation of the polycrystalline diamond compact without thermal damage to the polycrystalline diamond layer.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, a middle transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through the intermediate transition layer; the intermediate transition layer comprises hard alloy particles, steel matrix powder and copper-based brazing filler metal powder.
The polycrystalline diamond compact is in a cutting pick shape, consists of a polycrystalline diamond layer, hard alloy, an intermediate transition layer and a steel matrix, belongs to an extension type polycrystalline diamond compact, and can meet the use requirements of the working condition of a coal mine cutting pick. Furthermore, the invention adopts hard alloy particles, steel matrix powder and copper-based brazing filler metal powder as brazing materials of the intermediate transition layer, and realizes the friction brazing connection of the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer through friction brazing. The connecting process is different from brazing filler metal brazing and friction welding, copper-based brazing filler metal powder in the intermediate transition layer powder is melted into brazing filler metal liquid mainly by means of friction heat, and the brazing filler metal liquid wraps hard alloy particles and steel matrix particles serving as reinforcing buffer phases to form an intermediate transition layer, so that residual stress between the steel matrix and the hard alloy is buffered by the intermediate transition layer, and the bonding strength of an interface is enhanced.
Preferably, the size of the steel substrate is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the steel substrate may be any size, and the skilled person may select according to the size requirement. The shape and the height of each layer in the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact are not particularly limited, and a technician can determine according to practical application conditions. Preferably, the polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. Further preferably, the polycrystalline diamond layer has a height of 12 to 16mm, the cemented carbide layer has a height of 10 to 14mm, the intermediate transition layer has a height of 2 to 3mm, and the steel matrix layer has a height of 10 to 14mm.
Based on the consideration of improving the wrapping effect of the brazing filler metal powder on the reinforced buffer phase and improving the bonding strength, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles to the steel matrix powder to the copper-based brazing filler metal powder in the intermediate transition layer is preferably 1:1:4-6. More preferably, in the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles, the steel matrix powder and the copper-based brazing filler metal powder is 1:1:5.
Further, the steel matrix layer and the steel matrix powder are the same in material and are selected from any one of 42CrMo, 35CrMo and 30 CrMo; the hard alloy layer and the hard alloy particles are made of the same material and are selected from any one of YG8, YG6 and YG12.
Copper-based brazing filler metal powder is adopted, which has the characteristics of low melting point and high brazing bonding strength, and is preferably selected from one of BCu54ZnMn, BCu58ZnMnCo, BCu48ZnNi and BCu48ZnMn.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact comprises the following steps:
1) Sintering the diamond powder raw material and the hard alloy matrix at high temperature and high pressure to obtain a PDC composite sheet in sintered connection with the polycrystalline diamond layer and the hard alloy layer;
2) Machining annular grooves on the hard alloy end faces of the PDC composite sheets, and compacting powder materials forming a middle transition layer in the annular grooves;
3) Immersing a polycrystalline diamond layer of the PDC composite sheet into liquid metal, and then enabling a steel substrate to be close to the hard alloy end face of the PDC composite sheet under high-speed rotation, and keeping the compaction force after compaction; stopping rotating when the flow of the brazing material liquid occurs in the annular groove, and continuously maintaining the pressing force between the steel matrix and the PDC composite sheet to obtain the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond composite sheet.
The method for preparing the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact comprises the steps of firstly sintering a polycrystalline diamond layer on a hard alloy substrate by a high-temperature high-pressure method to form a PDC compact, processing the hard alloy end face of the PDC compact into an annular groove, presetting middle layer powder in the groove, and then carrying out friction brazing on the hard alloy end face in the PDC compact and the end face of a steel substrate under the condition that the polycrystalline diamond layer is protected by liquid metal, so that the preset powder brazing filler metal is melted first, and a small amount of hard alloy particles and steel substrate particles are wrapped by brazing filler metal liquid to form an intermediate transition layer, thereby obtaining the extension type polycrystalline diamond compact. Compared with the conventional brazing filler metal brazing and friction welding, the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the interface bonding strength is high, the polycrystalline diamond layer is free from thermal damage, and the residual stress of the bonding interface of the hard alloy and the steel matrix is small.
The sintering process of the PDC composite sheet is not particularly limited, and the PDC composite sheet is prepared by the existing high-temperature high-pressure sintering technology. For example, the powder raw material and the hard alloy matrix forming the polycrystalline diamond layer can be put into high-temperature high-pressure equipment to be synthesized at the pressure of more than 5GPa and the temperature of more than 1000 ℃. Preferably, in step 1), the high temperature and high pressure sintering temperature is 1000-1200 ℃ and the pressure is 5 GPa-8 GPa.
In the step 2), the arrangement of the end ring groove of the hard alloy can divide the hard alloy into small blocks to be welded with the steel matrix, so that the stress of a bonding interface can be further reduced, and the cracking risk is reduced. For ease of processing, the annular groove may be embodied as a mosquito coil. As a further preferable scheme, the groove depth of the annular groove is 3-5 mm, and the groove spacing is 5-8 mm.
According to the invention, during the welding process, the polycrystalline diamond layer is immersed into the liquid metal all the time, so that the polycrystalline diamond layer can be prevented from being thermally damaged. Preferably, in the step 3), the liquid metal is at least one of Ga, ga 76-In24% eutectic alloy and Ga68.5-In21.5-Sn 10% ternary eutectic alloy; the depth of the liquid metal is the same as the height of the polycrystalline diamond layer in the PDC composite sheet. Compared with the conventional cooling medium, the liquid metal adopted by the invention has high heat conductivity coefficient (GaInSn ternary eutectic heat conductivity coefficient 28W/M.K, ga heat conductivity coefficient 40W/M.K, and water only 0.59W/M.K), has stronger heat conduction and heat dissipation capacity, and can well protect the polycrystalline diamond layer. Therefore, the invention can achieve the technical purpose of no thermal damage of the polycrystalline diamond layer by means of the liquid metal with high heat conduction and high heat dissipation.
Preferably, in the step 3), the rotation speed of the steel matrix is 150-200 r/min; the pressing force is 10-15N; the holding time of the pressing force between the steel matrix and the PDC composite sheet is 15-20 min.
The invention relates to a device for implementing a preparation method of a cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the device for implementing the preparation method of the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact comprises a cooling tank, a movable clamp, a rotating shaft, a pressing rod and a rotating motor; a cover plate is arranged above the cooling groove, an opening for placing the PDC composite sheet is arranged on the cover plate, and the cooling groove is used for containing liquid metal; the movable clamp is arranged in the cooling tank; the movable clamp comprises a fixed baffle plate, a movable fixed block and a shaking handle; the fixed baffle is used for fixing the PDC composite sheet, the movable fixed block is used for clamping the PDC composite sheet, and the shaking handle is used for moving the movable fixed block to compress the PDC composite sheet; the rotary shaft is arranged above the cooling groove, a taper hole is formed in the rotary shaft, the taper hole is used for fixing the steel substrate, and the upper part of the rotary shaft is connected with the rotary motor through a coupling; the compression bar is connected with the end part of the rotating shaft and used for controlling the rotating shaft to move up and down; when the pick type polycrystalline diamond compact is prepared, the rotary shaft rotates and presses down the pressing rod, and the steel matrix moves to be close to the hard alloy end face of the PDC compact for compaction operation, so that friction brazing connection is realized.
The device for implementing the preparation method of the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact has the advantages of simple structure and high welding efficiency, can realize high-strength lengthening preparation of the polycrystalline diamond compact, and has no thermal damage to the polycrystalline diamond layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact consists of a polycrystalline diamond layer, hard alloy, an intermediate transition layer and a steel matrix, is of an extension type, and can meet the application requirements of special working conditions of cutting picks.
(2) In the preparation method of the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact, the specific lengthening method is friction brazing, which is different from brazing filler metal and conventional friction welding, and mainly relies on friction heat to melt brazing filler metal powder in powder into brazing filler metal liquid, and the brazing filler metal liquid wraps the reinforcing buffer phase to form a transition intermediate layer, so that the residual stress between steel and hard alloy is buffered, and the bonding strength is enhanced; in addition, the annular groove of the hard alloy end can divide the hard alloy into small blocks to be welded with the steel matrix, so that the stress of a bonding interface is further reduced; meanwhile, in the welding process, the polycrystalline diamond layer can be protected from thermal damage by the liquid metal with high heat conductivity and high heat dissipation.
(3) The welding device disclosed by the invention is simple, high in welding efficiency and good in application prospect in the field of superhard material preparation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pick polycrystalline diamond compact of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for performing the method of preparing a pick-type polycrystalline diamond compact of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an external view of a pick type polycrystalline diamond compact of example 1 (fig. 3 a) and a polycrystalline diamond compact of comparative example 1 (fig. 3 b) according to the present invention;
in fig. 1 to 2, the components denoted by the reference numerals are as follows: 1-steel matrix layer, 2-intermediate transition layer, 3-hard alloy layer, 4-polycrystalline diamond layer, 5-fixed baffle, 6-liquid metal, 7-shaking handle, 8-movable fixed block, 9-cooling tank, 10-rotating shaft, 11-compression bar and 12-rotating motor.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical aspects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The cemented carbide, steel matrix, copper-based brazing filler metal powder used in the examples below were all commercially available materials.
In the following examples, the dimensions of the steel substrate are not particularly limited, and the steel substrate may be any size, and the skilled person may choose according to the size requirements. The shape and the height of each layer in the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact are not particularly limited, and a technician can determine according to practical application conditions. Preferably, the polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. Further preferably, the polycrystalline diamond layer has a height of 12 to 16mm, the cemented carbide layer has a height of 10 to 14mm, the intermediate transition layer has a height of 2 to 3mm, and the steel matrix layer has a height of 10 to 14mm.
A schematic structural diagram of a pick-type polycrystalline diamond compact according to the following example is shown in fig. 1. The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer 4, a hard alloy layer 3, an intermediate transition layer 2 and a steel matrix layer 1 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
The device for implementing the preparation method of the pick type polycrystalline diamond compact adopted in the following embodiment is shown in fig. 2, and the schematic structural diagram of the device comprises a cooling tank 9, a movable clamp, a rotating shaft 10, a pressing rod 11 and a rotating motor 12; a cover plate is arranged above the cooling groove 9, an opening for placing the PDC composite sheet is arranged on the cover plate, and the cooling groove is used for containing liquid metal 6; the movable clamp is arranged in the cooling groove 9; the movable clamp comprises a fixed baffle plate 5, a movable fixed block 8 and a shaking handle 7; the fixed baffle 5 is used for fixing the PDC composite sheet, the movable fixed block 8 is used for clamping the PDC composite sheet, and the shaking handle 7 is used for moving the movable fixed block 8 to compress the PDC composite sheet; the rotary shaft 10 is arranged above the cooling groove 9, a taper hole is formed in the rotary shaft 10 and used for fixing a steel substrate, and the upper part of the rotary shaft 10 is connected with the rotary motor 12 through a coupling; the compression bar 11 is connected with the end part of the rotating shaft 10 and is used for controlling the rotating shaft 10 to move up and down; when the pick type polycrystalline diamond compact is prepared, the rotary shaft 10 rotates and presses the pressing rod 11, so that the steel matrix moves to be close to the hard alloy end face of the PDC compact for pressing operation.
Example 1
The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact provided by the embodiment is of an extension type and comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, a middle transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
Wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through the intermediate transition layer; the intermediate transition layer comprises hard alloy particles, steel matrix powder and copper-based brazing filler metal powder. The polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The height of the polycrystalline diamond layer is 12mm, the height of the hard alloy layer is 10mm, the height of the intermediate transition layer is 2mm, and the height of the steel matrix layer is 10mm. The steel matrix layer and the steel matrix powder are made of the same material and are 42CrMo. The cemented carbide layer and cemented carbide particles were the same material and were YG8. The brand of the copper-based solder powder is BCu54ZnMn. In the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles to the steel matrix powder to the copper-based brazing filler metal powder is 1:1:5.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact, which adopts the preparation device to prepare, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) Placing the diamond powder raw material and the hard alloy matrix into high-temperature high-pressure equipment, and sintering at the temperature of 1000 ℃ and the pressure of 5GPa to obtain a PDC composite sheet in which a hemispherical polycrystalline diamond layer and a columnar hard alloy layer are sintered and connected;
2) Processing the hard alloy end face of the PDC composite sheet into a mosquito-repellent incense disc-shaped annular groove, and compacting powder forming a middle layer transition layer into the annular groove according to the mass ratio; the groove depth of the annular groove is 3mm, and the groove spacing is 5mm;
3) Fixing the polycrystalline diamond layer of the PDC composite sheet on a clamp below the friction brazing device, placing the clamp in a liquid metal cooling groove, keeping the heights of the liquid metal and the polycrystalline diamond layer consistent so that the liquid metal just submerges the polycrystalline diamond layer, shaking a handle to enable a movable fixing block of the clamp to clamp the PDC composite sheet, and fastening a columnar steel matrix through a taper hole of a rotating shaft above the movable fixing block; starting the rotating shaft to rotate at a high speed, simultaneously pressing down the pressing rod, and slowly moving the columnar steel matrix downwards to enable the columnar steel matrix to be close to the hard alloy end face of the PDC composite sheet below until the columnar steel matrix is pressed and the pressing force is kept; when the hard alloy matrix turns orange and the metal brazing filler metal liquid in the annular groove flows out, stopping rotating, keeping the pressing force between the steel matrix and the PDC composite sheet below for 15min, and finishing welding to obtain the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond composite sheet of the embodiment. Wherein the liquid metal is Ga; the rotation speed of the rotating shaft is 150r/min; the pressing force was 10N.
Example 2
The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact provided by the embodiment is of an extension type and comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, a middle transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
Wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through the intermediate transition layer; the intermediate transition layer comprises hard alloy particles, steel matrix powder and copper-based brazing filler metal powder. The polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The height of the polycrystalline diamond layer is 13mm, the height of the hard alloy layer is 11mm, the height of the intermediate transition layer is 2.5mm, and the height of the steel matrix layer is 11mm. The steel matrix layer and the steel matrix powder are made of the same material and are 35CrMo. The cemented carbide layer and cemented carbide particles were the same material and were YG6. The brand of the copper-based solder powder is BCu58ZnMn. In the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles to the steel matrix powder to the copper-based brazing filler metal powder is 1:1:5.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the pick type polycrystalline diamond compact, which adopts the device to prepare, and specific steps are carried out with reference to the embodiment 1, wherein the difference is that:
in the step 2), the groove depth of the annular groove is 4mm, and the groove spacing is 6mm;
in the step 3), the liquid metal is Ga 76-In 24% eutectic alloy; the rotation speed of the rotating shaft is 160r/min; the compaction force is 12N, and the retention time of the compacted state of the steel matrix and the PDC composite sheet is 16min.
Example 3
The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact provided by the embodiment is of an extension type and comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, a middle transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
Wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through the intermediate transition layer; the intermediate transition layer comprises hard alloy particles, steel matrix powder and copper-based brazing filler metal powder. The polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The height of the polycrystalline diamond layer is 14mm, the height of the hard alloy layer is 12mm, the height of the intermediate transition layer is 3mm, and the height of the steel matrix layer is 12mm. The steel matrix layer and the steel matrix powder are the same in material and are 30CrMo. The cemented carbide layer and cemented carbide particles were the same material and were YG12. The brand of the copper-based solder powder is BCu58ZnMnCo. In the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles to the steel matrix powder to the copper-based brazing filler metal powder is 1:1:5.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the pick type polycrystalline diamond compact, which adopts the device to prepare, and specific steps are carried out with reference to the embodiment 1, wherein the difference is that:
in the step 2), the groove depth of the annular groove is 5mm, and the groove spacing is 7mm;
in the step 3), the liquid metal is ternary eutectic alloy of Ga68.5% -In21.5% -Sn 10%; the rotation speed of the rotating shaft is 180r/min; the compaction force is 13N, and the retention time of the compacted state of the steel matrix and the PDC composite sheet is 18min.
Example 4
The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact provided by the embodiment is of an extension type and comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, a middle transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
Wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through the intermediate transition layer; the intermediate transition layer comprises hard alloy particles, steel matrix powder and copper-based brazing filler metal powder. The polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The height of the polycrystalline diamond layer is 15mm, the height of the hard alloy layer is 13mm, the height of the intermediate transition layer is 2mm, and the height of the steel matrix layer is 13mm. The steel matrix layer and the steel matrix powder are made of the same material and are 42CrMo. The cemented carbide layer and cemented carbide particles were the same material and were YG8. The brand of the copper-based brazing filler metal powder is BCu48ZnNi. In the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles to the steel matrix powder to the copper-based brazing filler metal powder is 1:1:5.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the pick type polycrystalline diamond compact, which adopts the device to prepare, and specific steps are carried out with reference to the embodiment 1, wherein the difference is that:
in the step 2), the groove depth of the annular groove is 5mm, and the groove spacing is 8mm;
in the step 3), the rotation speed of the rotating shaft is 190r/min; the compaction force was 14N and the retention time of the compacted state of the steel matrix and PDC composite sheet was 19 minutes.
Example 5
The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact provided by the embodiment is of an extension type and comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, a middle transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
Wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through the intermediate transition layer; the intermediate transition layer comprises hard alloy particles, steel matrix powder and copper-based brazing filler metal powder. The polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The height of the polycrystalline diamond layer is 16mm, the height of the hard alloy layer is 14mm, the height of the intermediate transition layer is 3mm, and the height of the steel matrix layer is 14mm. The steel matrix layer and the steel matrix powder are made of the same material and are 35CrMo. The cemented carbide layer and cemented carbide particles were the same material and were YG12. The brand of the copper-based solder powder is BCu48ZnMn. In the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles to the steel matrix powder to the copper-based brazing filler metal powder is 1:1:5.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the pick type polycrystalline diamond compact, which adopts the device to prepare, and specific steps are carried out with reference to the embodiment 1, wherein the difference is that:
in the step 2), the groove depth of the annular groove is 5mm, and the groove spacing is 8mm;
in the step 3), the liquid metal is Ga 76-In 24% eutectic alloy; the rotation speed of the rotating shaft is 200r/min; the compaction force is 15N, and the retention time of the compacted state of the steel matrix and the PDC composite sheet is 20min.
Comparative example 1
The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact provided in comparative example 1 is of an extension type and comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, an intermediate transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. Wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through the intermediate transition layer; the height of the polycrystalline diamond layer is 12mm, the height of the hard alloy layer is 10mm, the height of the intermediate transition layer is 2mm, and the height of the steel matrix layer is 10mm. The intermediate transition layer consists of copper-based solder powder only. The steel matrix layer is made of 42CrMo. The cemented carbide layer was YG8. The brand of the copper-based solder powder is BCu54ZnMn. The preparation method of the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact of the comparative example, the specific steps of which are carried out with reference to example 1, is different only in the composition of the intermediate transition layer, and does not contain hard alloy particles and steel matrix powder.
Comparative example 2
The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact provided in comparative example 2 is of an extension type and comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, an intermediate transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. Wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through the intermediate transition layer; the height of the polycrystalline diamond layer is 12mm, the height of the hard alloy layer is 10mm, the height of the intermediate transition layer is 2mm, and the height of the steel matrix layer is 10mm. The intermediate transition layer is composed of hard alloy particles and copper-based brazing filler metal powder. The steel matrix layer is made of 42CrMo. The cemented carbide layer and cemented carbide particles were the same material and were YG8. The brand of the copper-based solder powder is BCu54ZnMn. In the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles to the copper-based brazing filler metal powder is 1:6.
The preparation method of the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact of the comparative example, the specific steps of which are carried out with reference to example 1, is different only in the composition of the intermediate transition layer, and does not contain steel matrix powder.
Comparative example 3
The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact provided in comparative example 3 is of an extension type and comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, an intermediate transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. Wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through the intermediate transition layer; the height of the polycrystalline diamond layer is 12mm, the height of the hard alloy layer is 10mm, the height of the intermediate transition layer is 2mm, and the height of the steel matrix layer is 10mm. The intermediate transition layer consists of steel matrix powder and copper-based brazing filler metal powder. The steel matrix layer and the steel matrix powder are made of the same material and are 42CrMo. The cemented carbide layer was YG8. The brand of the copper-based solder powder is BCu54ZnMn. In the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the steel matrix powder to the copper-based brazing filler metal powder is 1:6.
The preparation method of the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact of the comparative example, the specific steps of which are carried out with reference to example 1, is different only in the composition of the intermediate transition layer, and does not contain cemented carbide particles.
Comparative example 4
The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact provided in comparative example 4 is of an extension type and comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, an intermediate transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. Wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through the intermediate transition layer; the height of the polycrystalline diamond layer is 12mm, the height of the hard alloy layer is 10mm, the height of the intermediate transition layer is 2mm, and the height of the steel matrix layer is 10mm. The intermediate transition layer is composed of hard alloy particles and steel matrix powder. The steel matrix layer and the steel matrix powder are made of the same material and are 42CrMo. The cemented carbide layer and cemented carbide particles were the same material and were YG8. In the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles to the steel matrix powder is 1:1.
The preparation method of the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact of the comparative example comprises the specific steps of referring to the embodiment 1, and the difference is that: the intermediate transition layer is different in composition and does not contain copper-based solder powder. In this comparative example, since there is no brazing filler metal in the intermediate layer powder and only reinforcing particles, this comparative example cannot be prepared by friction brazing, but instead the columnar cemented carbide layer and the columnar steel matrix layer are joined by friction welding through an intermediate transition layer. At this time, in step 3), the rotation speed of the rotary shaft was increased to 300r/min.
Comparative example 5
The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact provided in comparative example 5 is of an extension type, and the structure and the material composition of the compact are the same as those of example 1.
The preparation method of the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact of the comparative example comprises the specific steps of referring to the embodiment 1, and the difference is that: in the step 3), the cooling medium is water.
Comparative example 6
The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact provided in comparative example 6 is of an extension type and comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, an intermediate transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; wherein, the hemispherical polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the columnar hard alloy layer through sintering; the columnar hard alloy layer and the columnar steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through the intermediate transition layer; the intermediate transition layer is composed of silver-based solder powder. The columnar steel matrix layer is made of 42CrMo. The columnar cemented carbide layer was YG8. The silver-based solder powder has the brand of BAg40CuZnIn.
According to the preparation method of the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact of the comparative example, silver-based brazing filler metal powder is used as brazing filler metal, and the extension type compact is formed through induction brazing. The method comprises the following specific steps: step 1) is the same as example 1, step 2) and step 3) is: firstly, processing a mosquito-repellent incense disc-shaped annular groove on the hard alloy end face of the PDC composite sheet, and then compacting BAg40CuZnIn brazing filler metal powder in the annular groove; the groove depth of the annular groove is 3mm, and the groove spacing is 5mm; then fixing the PDC composite sheet on a lower clamp, and fastening a columnar steel matrix by an upper clamp; pressing down the pressing rod to enable the to-be-welded surface of the columnar steel matrix to be close to the hard alloy end surface of the PDC composite sheet, and enabling the to-be-welded part of the columnar steel matrix and the to-be-welded surface to be located inside the induction coil; and starting the induction welder to heat, stopping heating when the metal brazing material liquid flows out of the welding seam, and cooling to obtain the pick type polycrystalline diamond compact formed by the induction brazing of the comparative example 6.
Test examples
The performance of the pick type polycrystalline diamond compacts of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 6 of the present invention was tested. Cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compacts of the same specification are prepared by adopting the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compacts of the embodiments 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-6 respectively, standard samples are cut after welding, the standard samples comprise welding seams between hard alloy and steel matrix, the shearing strength of the welding seams between the hard alloy and the steel matrix is tested, the state of a polycrystalline diamond layer is observed, the shearing strength test is in accordance with the specification of GB/T11363, and the test results are shown in table 1. Further, an external view of the pick type polycrystalline diamond compact (fig. 3 a) of example 1 and the polycrystalline diamond compact (fig. 3 b) of comparative example 1 according to the present invention is shown in fig. 3.
Table 1 properties of pick type polycrystalline diamond compacts of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from table 1 in combination with fig. 3, the truncated polycrystalline diamond compact obtained in example 1 of the present invention forms a thicker intermediate transition layer between the cemented carbide and the steel substrate (fig. 3 a). In addition, in the polycrystalline diamond compact prepared by the embodiments 1 to 6, the shearing strength of the friction brazing joint of the hard alloy and the steel matrix is higher and reaches 385 to 402MPa, and the polycrystalline diamond layer is not damaged, and the residual stress of a bonding interface is small and has no crack. Comparative example 1 used copper-based solder powder as the intermediate transition layer, contained no reinforcing buffer stress particles, and the intermediate transition layer was thinner (fig. 3 b), and the strength of the obtained soldered joint was low, only 245MPa. The intermediate transition layers of comparative examples 2 and 3 are copper-based solder+hard alloy particles or copper-based solder+steel particles, and also cannot play an effective role in buffering and reinforcing, and have lower bonding strength. The intermediate transition layer in comparative example 4 was free of braze composition, was all buffer reinforced particles, was friction welded, was high in welding temperature, was close to the melting temperature of the steel substrate, had thermal damage to the polycrystalline diamond layer, and had cracks at the bonding interface. In comparative example 5, where water was used as a cooling medium, thermal damage occurred to the polycrystalline diamond layer, and the joint strength was slightly lowered. In comparative example 6, the induction brazing was performed using a low-temperature silver solder, but the polycrystalline diamond layer was not damaged, but the joint strength was significantly reduced, and the strength requirement could not be satisfied.
In conclusion, the pick-shaped extension polycrystalline diamond compact provided by the invention has the advantages that the intermediate transition layer contains copper-based brazing filler metal powder, hard alloy particles and steel matrix powder, two reinforcing buffer particles are adopted, friction brazing is adopted, the welding temperature is obviously lower than that of conventional friction welding, the intermediate transition layer can buffer stress and enhance joint strength, and the generation of cracks can be effectively reduced. Meanwhile, the invention utilizes the heat conduction and heat dissipation capacity of the liquid metal to cool and protect the diamond layer, can well prevent the heat damage of the polycrystalline diamond layer, has higher joint strength, and greatly meets the application requirement on the lengthening polycrystalline diamond compact under the working condition of the cutting pick of the coal mine.
Claims (10)
1. The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact is characterized by comprising a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, an intermediate transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through the intermediate transition layer; the intermediate transition layer comprises hard alloy particles, steel matrix powder and copper-based brazing filler metal powder.
2. The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact according to claim 1, wherein in the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles, the steel matrix powder and the copper-based brazing filler metal powder is 1:1:4-6.
3. The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact according to claim 1, wherein the steel matrix layer and the steel matrix powder are made of the same material and are selected from any one of 42CrMo, 35CrMo and 30 CrMo; the hard alloy layer and the hard alloy particles are made of the same material and are selected from any one of YG8, YG6 and YG12.
4. The pick type polycrystalline diamond compact of claim 1, wherein the copper-based braze powder is selected from one of BCu54ZnMn, BCu58ZnMnCo, BCu48ZnNi, BCu48ZnMn.
5. A method of preparing a pick polycrystalline diamond compact according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
1) Sintering the diamond powder raw material and the hard alloy matrix at high temperature and high pressure to obtain a PDC composite sheet in sintered connection with the polycrystalline diamond layer and the hard alloy layer;
2) Machining annular grooves on the hard alloy end faces of the PDC composite sheets, and compacting powder materials forming a middle transition layer in the annular grooves;
3) Immersing the polycrystalline diamond layer of the PDC composite sheet into liquid metal, wherein the depth of the liquid metal is the same as the height of the polycrystalline diamond layer in the PDC composite sheet, and then enabling a steel substrate to be close to the hard alloy end face of the PDC composite sheet under high-speed rotation, and keeping the compaction force after compaction; stopping rotating when the flow of the brazing material liquid occurs in the annular groove, and continuously maintaining the pressing force between the steel matrix and the PDC composite sheet to obtain the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond composite sheet.
6. The method of producing a cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact according to claim 5, wherein in the step 1), the high-temperature high-pressure sintering temperature is 1000 to 1200 ℃ and the pressure is 5GPa to 8GPa.
7. The method of preparing a cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact according to claim 5, wherein in the step 2), the groove depth of the annular groove is 3-5 mm, and the groove spacing is 5-8 mm.
8. The method of preparing a pick type polycrystalline diamond compact according to claim 5, wherein In step 3), the liquid metal is at least one of Ga, ga76% -In24% eutectic alloy, ga68.5% -In21.5% -Sn10% ternary eutectic alloy.
9. The method of preparing a pick type polycrystalline diamond compact according to claim 5, wherein in the step 3), the rotation speed of the steel substrate is 150-200 r/min; the pressing force is 10-15N; the holding time of the pressing force between the steel matrix and the PDC composite sheet is 15-20 min.
10. An apparatus for carrying out the method for producing a pick-type polycrystalline diamond compact according to any one of claims 5 to 9, comprising a cooling tank, a movable jig, a rotary shaft, a pressing rod, and a rotary motor;
a cover plate is arranged above the cooling groove, an opening for placing the PDC composite sheet is arranged on the cover plate, and the cooling groove is used for containing liquid metal;
the movable clamp is arranged in the cooling tank; the movable clamp comprises a fixed baffle plate, a movable fixed block and a shaking handle; the fixed baffle is used for fixing the PDC composite sheet, the movable fixed block is used for clamping the PDC composite sheet, and the shaking handle is used for moving the movable fixed block to compress the PDC composite sheet;
the rotary shaft is arranged above the cooling groove, a taper hole is formed in the rotary shaft, the taper hole is used for fixing the steel substrate, and the upper part of the rotary shaft is connected with the rotary motor through a coupling; the compression bar is connected with the end part of the rotating shaft and used for controlling the rotating shaft to move up and down;
when the pick type polycrystalline diamond compact is prepared, the rotary shaft rotates and presses down the pressing rod, and the steel matrix moves to be close to the hard alloy end face of the PDC compact for compaction operation, so that friction brazing connection is realized.
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