CN115898395A - Cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact and preparation method and device thereof - Google Patents
Cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact and preparation method and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 184
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 29
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 147
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 100
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of superhard composite materials, and particularly relates to a cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact and a preparation method and a device thereof. The invention provides a cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact, which comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, an intermediate transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. According to the polycrystalline diamond compact provided by the invention, hard alloy particles, steel matrix powder and copper-based brazing filler metal powder are used as brazing materials of the intermediate transition layer, and friction brazing connection of a hard alloy layer and a steel matrix layer is realized through friction brazing, so that the elongated compact is obtained. The invention combines the specific intermediate transition layer with the friction brazing, thereby buffering the residual stress between the steel matrix and the hard alloy, enhancing the bonding strength of the interface and greatly meeting the application requirements of the lengthened polycrystalline diamond compact under the working condition of the cutting tooth of a coal mine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of superhard composite materials, and particularly relates to a cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact and a preparation method and a device thereof.
Background
Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC compact for short) is formed by sintering diamond micro powder and a hard alloy matrix at high temperature and high pressure. The polycrystalline diamond layer is formed by sintering the diamond micro powder on the hard alloy substrate, so that the composite sheet has the ultrahigh hardness and wear resistance of diamond and the strength and impact resistance of hard alloy. In view of the excellent characteristics of the diamond compact, the diamond compact can be suitable for various working environments, such as PDC drill bits and superhard cutters, and is particularly suitable for the application field of cutting teeth of coal mines.
The existing coal mine cutting pick is usually made of hard alloy, the hard alloy is not particularly wear-resistant although the impact resistance is strong, and the hardness is low, so that the cutting pick is extremely easy to wear and lose efficacy in the coal crushing tunneling process, and the service life is severely limited. Therefore, the diamond composite sheet has extremely important significance for being used as a coal mine cutting pick. However, due to the limitation of equipment, the existing diamond compact has limited dimension specifications (the diameter is less than 25mm, and the height is less than 20 mm) manufactured under high temperature and high pressure, and cannot meet the height dimension requirement required by a cutting tooth of a coal mine. Therefore, the composite sheet needs to be lengthened to be applied to the coal mine cutting pick.
The existing method for lengthening the diamond composite sheet mainly adopts brazing filler metal brazing or friction welding, the brazing method is limited by the thermal stability of the polycrystalline diamond layer on the composite sheet (the welding temperature needs to be lower than 800 ℃, otherwise the polycrystalline diamond layer can be carbonized), and the multi-purpose low-temperature silver-based brazing filler metal is, for example, the silver-copper eutectic brazing filler metal with the liquidus lower than 800 ℃ adopted in the Chinese invention patent with the publication number of CN 106270883B. However, the joint welded by the silver-based solder has low strength and cannot meet the use requirement of the coal mine cutting pick on high strength. The friction welding does not use brazing filler metal, is similar to solid welding, has high welding temperature and high joint strength, but has large residual thermal stress between the hard alloy obtained by the friction welding and the steel matrix interface and easy cracking of the interface.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects, the first purpose of the invention is to provide a cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond composite sheet, which belongs to an elongated type diamond composite sheet, has high joint strength and small interface residual stress, and can meet the application requirements under the working condition of a coal mine cutting tooth.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact, the method has simple process, can give consideration to the advantages of high strength of the bonding surface, no thermal damage of the polycrystalline diamond layer and small residual stress of the bonding interface, and is suitable for industrial preparation and application of the cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a device for implementing the method for preparing the cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact, which can realize the high-strength extension preparation of the diamond compact and has no thermal damage to the polycrystalline diamond layer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact adopts the technical scheme that:
a cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, an intermediate transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through an intermediate transition layer; the intermediate transition layer comprises hard alloy particles, steel matrix powder and copper-based solder powder.
The polycrystalline diamond compact is in a shape of a truncated tooth, consists of a polycrystalline diamond layer, hard alloy, an intermediate transition layer and a steel substrate, belongs to a long-connected polycrystalline diamond compact, and can meet the use requirement of the working condition of a coal mine cutting tooth. Furthermore, hard alloy particles, steel matrix powder and copper-based brazing filler metal powder are used as brazing materials of the intermediate transition layer, and friction brazing connection of the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer is achieved through friction brazing. The connection process is different from brazing filler metal brazing and friction welding, the copper-based brazing filler metal powder in the powder of the intermediate transition layer is melted into brazing filler metal liquid mainly depending on friction heat, the brazing filler metal liquid wraps the hard alloy particles and the steel matrix particles serving as a reinforcing buffer phase to form the intermediate transition layer, and the intermediate transition layer not only buffers residual stress between the steel matrix and the hard alloy, but also enhances the bonding strength of an interface.
Preferably, the size of the steel substrate is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the steel substrate can be any size, and the skilled person can select the size according to the size requirement. The shape and height of each layer in the cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact are not particularly limited, and technicians can determine the shape and height according to actual application conditions. Preferably, the polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. More preferably, the height of the polycrystalline diamond layer is 12-16 mm, the height of the hard alloy layer is 10-14 mm, the height of the intermediate transition layer is 2-3 mm, and the height of the steel substrate layer is 10-14 mm.
Based on the consideration of improving the wrapping effect of the brazing filler metal powder on the reinforced buffer phase and improving the bonding strength, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles, the steel matrix powder and the copper-based brazing filler metal powder in the intermediate transition layer is preferably 1: 4-6. More preferably, in the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles to the steel matrix powder to the copper-based solder powder is 1:5.
The steel matrix layer and the steel matrix powder are made of the same material and are selected from any one of 42CrMo, 35CrMo and 30 CrMo; the hard alloy layer is made of the same material as the hard alloy particles, and is selected from any one of YG8, YG6, and YG12.
The copper-based brazing filler metal powder has the characteristics of low melting point and high brazing bonding strength, and is preferably selected from one of BCu54ZnMn, BCu58ZnMnCo, BCu48ZnNi and BCu48ZnMn.
The preparation method of the cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of a cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact comprises the following steps:
1) Sintering the diamond powder raw material and the hard alloy matrix at high temperature and high pressure to obtain a PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) compact formed by sintering and connecting the polycrystalline diamond layer and the hard alloy layer;
2) Processing an annular groove on the hard alloy end face of the PDC composite sheet, and then compacting powder forming a middle transition layer in the annular groove;
3) Immersing a polycrystalline diamond layer of the PDC compact into liquid metal, then enabling a steel matrix to be close to the hard alloy end face of the PDC compact under high-speed rotation, and keeping pressing force after pressing; and when the flow of the brazing filler metal liquid occurs in the annular groove, stopping rotating, and continuously maintaining the pressing force between the steel matrix and the PDC composite sheet to obtain the truncated-tooth polycrystalline diamond composite sheet.
The preparation method of the cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact comprises the steps of sintering a polycrystalline diamond layer on a hard alloy substrate by a high-temperature high-pressure method to form a PDC compact, processing an annular groove on the hard alloy end face of the PDC compact, presetting middle layer powder in the groove, then carrying out friction brazing on the hard alloy end face of the PDC compact and the end face of a steel substrate under the condition that the polycrystalline diamond layer is protected by liquid metal, generating heat through friction, melting preset powdery brazing filler metal, and wrapping a small amount of hard alloy particles and steel substrate particles with brazing filler metal liquid to form an intermediate transition layer to obtain the lengthened polycrystalline diamond compact. Compared with the conventional brazing filler metal brazing and friction welding, the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the interface bonding strength is high, the polycrystalline diamond layer is free of thermal damage, and the residual stress of the bonding interface of the hard alloy and the steel matrix is small.
The sintering process of the PDC composite sheet is not particularly limited, and the PDC composite sheet can be prepared by the conventional high-temperature high-pressure sintering technology. For example, the powder raw material for forming the polycrystalline diamond layer and the hard alloy matrix can be put into a high-temperature high-pressure device and synthesized under the pressure of more than 5GPa and the temperature of more than 1000 ℃. Preferably, in the step 1), the temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure sintering is 1000-1200 ℃, and the pressure is 5 GPa-8 Gpa.
In the step 2), the hard alloy end annular groove is arranged, so that the hard alloy can be divided into small blocks to be welded with the steel substrate, the stress of a bonding interface can be further reduced, and the cracking risk is reduced. For convenience of processing, the annular groove can be in a shape of a mosquito-repellent incense coil. More preferably, the groove depth of the annular grooves is 3 to 5mm, and the groove pitch is 5 to 8mm.
In the welding process, the polycrystalline diamond layer is immersed in the liquid metal all the time, so that the thermal damage of the polycrystalline diamond layer can be prevented. Preferably, in the step 3), the liquid metal is at least one of Ga, ga76% -In24% eutectic alloy, and Ga68.5% -In21.5% -Sn10% ternary eutectic alloy; the depth of the liquid metal is the same as the height of the polycrystalline diamond layer in the PDC compact. Compared with the conventional cooling medium, the liquid metal adopted by the invention has high heat conductivity coefficient (GaInSn ternary eutectic heat conductivity coefficient is 28W/M.K, ga heat conductivity coefficient is 40W/M.K, and water is only 0.59W/M.K), has stronger heat conduction and heat dissipation capacity, and can well protect the polycrystalline diamond layer. Therefore, the technical purpose of no thermal damage of the polycrystalline diamond layer can be achieved by means of the liquid metal with high heat conductivity and high heat dissipation.
Preferably, in the step 3), the rotating speed of the steel substrate is 150-200 r/min; the pressing force is 10-15N; the pressing force between the steel matrix and the PDC composite sheet is kept for 15-20 min.
The invention discloses a device for implementing a preparation method of a cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact, which adopts the technical scheme that:
the device for implementing the preparation method of the cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact comprises a cooling tank, a movable clamp, a rotating shaft, a pressure rod and a rotating motor; a cover plate is arranged above the cooling tank, an opening for placing the PDC composite sheet is formed in the cover plate, and liquid metal is contained in the cooling tank; the movable clamp is arranged in the cooling groove; the movable clamp comprises a fixed baffle plate, a movable fixed block and a shaking handle; the fixed baffle is used for fixing the PDC composite sheet, the movable fixed block is used for clamping the PDC composite sheet, and the shaking handle is used for moving the movable fixed block to compress the PDC composite sheet; the rotating shaft is arranged above the cooling tank, a taper hole is formed in the rotating shaft and used for fixing a steel matrix, and the upper part of the rotating shaft is connected with a rotating motor through a coupling; the pressure lever is connected with the end part of the rotating shaft and is used for controlling the rotating shaft to move up and down; when the section-tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact is prepared, the rotating shaft presses down the pressure lever while rotating, and the steel substrate moves to be close to the hard alloy end face of the PDC compact for compressing operation, so that friction brazing connection is realized.
The device for implementing the preparation method of the cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact has the advantages of simple structure and high welding efficiency, can realize high-strength extension preparation of the diamond compact, and does not cause thermal damage to the polycrystalline diamond layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact disclosed by the invention consists of a polycrystalline diamond layer, hard alloy, an intermediate transition layer and a steel substrate, is of an elongated type, and can meet the application requirements of cutting teeth under special working conditions.
(2) In the preparation method of the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact, the specific lengthening method is friction brazing, which is different from brazing filler metal brazing and conventional friction welding, the brazing filler metal powder in the powder is melted into brazing filler metal liquid mainly depending on friction heat, and the brazing filler metal liquid wraps and enhances the buffer phase to form a transition intermediate layer, so that the residual stress between steel and hard alloy is buffered, and the bonding strength is enhanced; in addition, the annular groove at the hard alloy end can divide the hard alloy into small blocks to be welded with the steel substrate, so that the stress of a bonding interface is further reduced; meanwhile, in the welding process, the polycrystalline diamond layer can be protected from heat damage by means of the liquid metal with high heat conductivity and high heat dissipation.
(3) The welding device is simple, has high welding efficiency, and has good application prospect in the field of superhard material preparation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cutting pick-type polycrystalline diamond compact of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for carrying out a method of making a pick-type polycrystalline diamond compact of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an external view of a cutting pick-type polycrystalline diamond compact according to example 1 of the present disclosure (fig. 3 a) and a polycrystalline diamond compact according to comparative example 1 (fig. 3 b);
in fig. 1 to 2, components denoted by respective reference numerals are as follows: 1-a steel base body layer, 2-a middle transition layer, 3-a hard alloy layer, 4-a polycrystalline diamond layer, 5-a fixed baffle, 6-liquid metal, 7-a rocking handle, 8-a movable fixed block, 9-a cooling tank, 10-a rotating shaft, 11-a pressure rod and 12-a rotating motor.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Cemented carbide, steel substrate, and copper-based solder powder used in the following examples are commercially available materials.
In the following examples, the present invention does not specifically limit the size of the steel substrate, and the steel substrate may have any size, which can be selected by the skilled person according to the size requirement. The shape and height of each layer in the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact are not particularly limited, and can be determined by a skilled person according to actual application conditions. Preferably, the polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. More preferably, the height of the polycrystalline diamond layer is 12-16 mm, the height of the hard alloy layer is 10-14 mm, the height of the intermediate transition layer is 2-3 mm, and the height of the steel substrate layer is 10-14 mm.
The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact according to the following embodiments has a schematic structural view as shown in fig. 1. The cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer 4, a hard alloy layer 3, a middle transition layer 2 and a steel matrix layer 1 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
The device for implementing the method for preparing the cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact adopted in the following embodiment has a schematic structural diagram as shown in fig. 2, and includes a cooling tank 9, a movable clamp, a rotating shaft 10, a pressure bar 11 and a rotating motor 12; a cover plate is arranged above the cooling tank 9, an opening for placing the PDC composite sheet is formed in the cover plate, and the inside of the cooling tank is used for containing the liquid metal 6; the movable clamp is arranged inside the cooling tank 9; the movable clamp comprises a fixed baffle plate 5, a movable fixed block 8 and a rocking handle 7; the fixed baffle 5 is used for fixing the PDC composite sheet, the movable fixed block 8 is used for clamping the PDC composite sheet, and the shaking handle 7 is used for moving the movable fixed block 8 to compress the PDC composite sheet; the rotating shaft 10 is arranged above the cooling tank 9, a taper hole is formed in the rotating shaft 10 and used for fixing a steel matrix, and the upper part of the rotating shaft 10 is connected with the rotating motor 12 through a coupling; the pressure lever 11 is connected with the end part of the rotating shaft 10 and is used for controlling the rotating shaft 10 to move up and down; when the section-tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact is prepared, the rotating shaft 10 presses down the pressing rod 11 while rotating, so that the steel substrate moves to be close to the hard alloy end face of the PDC compact for pressing operation.
Example 1
The cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact that this embodiment provided for connect the length type, include polycrystalline diamond layer, carbide layer, middle transition layer and the steel substrate layer that sets gradually from the top down.
Wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through the intermediate transition layer; the intermediate transition layer comprises hard alloy particles, steel matrix powder and copper-based solder powder. The polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The height of polycrystalline diamond layer is 12mm, the height of hard alloy layer is 10mm, the height of intermediate transition layer is 2mm, the height of steel matrix layer is 10mm. The material of the steel matrix layer is the same as that of the steel matrix powder, and is 42CrMo. The material of the hard alloy layer is the same as that of the hard alloy particles, and is YG8. The grade of the copper-based solder powder is BCu54ZnMn. In the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles to the steel matrix powder to the copper-based solder powder is 1.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the pick-shaped polycrystalline diamond compact, which adopts the preparation device for preparation, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) Placing the diamond powder raw material and the hard alloy matrix in high-temperature high-pressure equipment, and sintering at 1000 ℃ and 5GPa for high-temperature high-pressure to obtain a PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) composite sheet formed by sintering and connecting the hemispherical polycrystalline diamond layer and the columnar hard alloy layer;
2) Processing a disc-shaped annular groove of the mosquito-repellent incense on the hard alloy end surface of the PDC composite sheet, and then compacting powder for forming a middle-layer transition layer into the annular groove according to the mass ratio; the groove depth of the annular grooves is 3mm, and the groove spacing is 5mm;
3) Fixing a polycrystalline diamond layer of the PDC composite sheet on a clamp below a friction brazing device, placing the clamp in a liquid metal cooling tank, keeping the heights of the liquid metal and the polycrystalline diamond layer consistent so that the liquid metal just submerges the polycrystalline diamond layer, shaking a handle to enable a movable fixing block of the clamp to clamp the PDC composite sheet, and simultaneously fastening a columnar steel substrate through a conical hole of a rotating shaft above the clamp; starting the rotating shaft to rotate at a high speed, pressing down the pressure lever at the same time, and slowly moving the columnar steel substrate downwards to enable the columnar steel substrate to be close to the hard alloy end face of the PDC composite sheet below the columnar steel substrate until the columnar steel substrate is compressed and the pressing force is kept; and when the hard alloy matrix is changed into orange, and the metal brazing filler metal liquid in the annular groove flows out, stopping rotating, keeping the pressing force of the steel matrix and the PDC composite sheet below for 15min, and completing welding to obtain the cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond composite sheet. Wherein the liquid metal is Ga; the rotating speed of the rotating shaft is 150r/min; the pressing force was 10N.
Example 2
The cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact that this embodiment provided for connect the length type, include polycrystalline diamond layer, carbide layer, middle transition layer and the steel substrate layer that sets gradually from the top down.
Wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through an intermediate transition layer; the intermediate transition layer comprises hard alloy particles, steel matrix powder and copper-based solder powder. The polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The height of the polycrystalline diamond layer is 13mm, the height of the hard alloy layer is 11mm, the height of the intermediate transition layer is 2.5mm, and the height of the steel matrix layer is 11mm. The material of the steel matrix layer is the same as that of the steel matrix powder, and is 35CrMo. The material of the hard alloy layer was the same as that of the hard alloy particles, and was YG6. The grade of the copper-based solder powder is BCu58ZnMn. In the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles to the steel matrix powder to the copper-based solder powder is 1.
The embodiment also provides a method for preparing the truncated-tooth polycrystalline diamond compact, which is performed by using the apparatus, and the specific steps are performed with reference to example 1, where the differences between the steps are as follows:
in the step 2), the groove depth of the annular groove is 4mm, and the groove interval is 6mm;
in the step 3), the liquid metal is eutectic alloy of Ga76% -In 24%; the rotating speed of the rotating shaft is 160r/min; the pressing force is 12N, and the holding time of the pressing state of the steel substrate and the PDC compact is 16min.
Example 3
The cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact that this embodiment provided for connect the length type, include polycrystalline diamond layer, carbide layer, middle transition layer and the steel substrate layer that sets gradually from the top down.
Wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through an intermediate transition layer; the intermediate transition layer comprises hard alloy particles, steel matrix powder and copper-based solder powder. The polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The height of the polycrystalline diamond layer is 14mm, the height of the hard alloy layer is 12mm, the height of the intermediate transition layer is 3mm, and the height of the steel matrix layer is 12mm. The material of the steel matrix layer is the same as that of the steel matrix powder, and is 30CrMo. The hard alloy layer was made of the same material as the hard alloy particles, and was YG12. The grade of the copper-based solder powder is BCu58ZnMnCo. In the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles to the steel matrix powder to the copper-based brazing filler metal powder is 1.
The embodiment also provides a method for preparing the truncated-tooth polycrystalline diamond compact, which is performed by using the apparatus, and the specific steps are performed with reference to example 1, where the differences between the steps are as follows:
in the step 2), the groove depth of the annular groove is 5mm, and the groove interval is 7mm;
in the step 3), the liquid metal is a ternary eutectic alloy of Ga68.5% -In21.5% -Sn 10%; the rotating speed of the rotating shaft is 180r/min; the pressing force is 13N, and the holding time of the pressing state of the steel matrix and the PDC compact is 18min.
Example 4
The cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact that this embodiment provided for connect the long type, include polycrystalline diamond layer, hard alloy layer, middle transition layer and steel basal body layer that set gradually from the top down.
Wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through an intermediate transition layer; the intermediate transition layer comprises hard alloy particles, steel matrix powder and copper-based solder powder. The polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The height of the polycrystalline diamond layer is 15mm, the height of the hard alloy layer is 13mm, the height of the intermediate transition layer is 2mm, and the height of the steel matrix layer is 13mm. The material of the steel matrix layer is the same as that of the steel matrix powder, and is 42CrMo. The material of the hard alloy layer was the same as that of the hard alloy particles, and was YG8. The grade of the copper-based solder powder is BCu48ZnNi. In the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles to the steel matrix powder to the copper-based brazing filler metal powder is 1.
The embodiment also provides a method for preparing the truncated-tooth polycrystalline diamond compact, which is performed by using the apparatus, and the specific steps are performed with reference to example 1, where the differences between the steps are as follows:
in the step 2), the groove depth of the annular groove is 5mm, and the groove interval is 8mm;
in the step 3), the rotating speed of the rotating shaft is 190r/min; the pressing force is 14N, and the holding time of the pressing state of the steel substrate and the PDC compact is 19min.
Example 5
The cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact that this embodiment provided for connect the length type, include polycrystalline diamond layer, carbide layer, middle transition layer and the steel substrate layer that sets gradually from the top down.
Wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through an intermediate transition layer; the intermediate transition layer comprises hard alloy particles, steel matrix powder and copper-based solder powder. The polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The height of the polycrystalline diamond layer is 16mm, the height of the hard alloy layer is 14mm, the height of the intermediate transition layer is 3mm, and the height of the steel matrix layer is 14mm. The material of the steel matrix layer is the same as that of the steel matrix powder, and is 35CrMo. The hard alloy layer was made of the same material as the hard alloy particles, and was YG12. The grade of the copper-based solder powder is BCu48ZnMn. In the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles to the steel matrix powder to the copper-based solder powder is 1.
The embodiment also provides a method for preparing the truncated-tooth polycrystalline diamond compact, which is performed by using the apparatus, and the specific steps are performed with reference to example 1, where the differences between the steps are as follows:
in the step 2), the groove depth of the annular groove is 5mm, and the groove distance is 8mm;
in the step 3), the liquid metal is eutectic alloy of Ga76% -In 24%; the rotating speed of the rotating shaft is 200r/min; the pressing force is 15N, and the holding time of the pressing state of the steel substrate and the PDC composite sheet is 20min.
Comparative example 1
The cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact provided in the comparative example 1 is an elongated type, and comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, an intermediate transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. Wherein, the polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through the intermediate transition layer; the height of polycrystalline diamond layer is 12mm, the height of hard alloy layer is 10mm, the height of intermediate transition layer is 2mm, the height of steel matrix layer is 10mm. The intermediate transition layer is only composed of copper-based solder powder. The material of the steel substrate layer is 42CrMo. The material of the hard alloy layer is YG8. The grade of the copper-based solder powder is BCu54ZnMn. The preparation method of the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact of the comparative example is carried out with reference to example 1, and the difference between the preparation method and the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact is only that the composition of the intermediate transition layer is different, and the intermediate transition layer does not contain hard alloy particles and steel matrix powder.
Comparative example 2
The cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact provided by the comparative example 2 is of an elongated type and comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, a middle transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. Wherein, the polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through an intermediate transition layer; the height of the polycrystalline diamond layer is 12mm, the height of the hard alloy layer is 10mm, the height of the intermediate transition layer is 2mm, and the height of the steel matrix layer is 10mm. The intermediate transition layer consists of hard alloy particles and copper-based brazing filler metal powder. The material of the steel substrate layer is 42CrMo. The material of the hard alloy layer is the same as that of the hard alloy particles, and is YG8. The grade of the copper-based solder powder is BCu54ZnMn. In the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles to the copper-based solder powder is 1:6.
The preparation method of the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact of the comparative example is carried out with reference to example 1, and the difference between the preparation method and the intermediate transition layer is only that the intermediate transition layer is different in composition and does not contain steel matrix powder.
Comparative example 3
The cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact provided by the comparative example 3 is of an elongated type and comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, a middle transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. Wherein, the polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through an intermediate transition layer; the height of polycrystalline diamond layer is 12mm, the height of hard alloy layer is 10mm, the height of intermediate transition layer is 2mm, the height of steel matrix layer is 10mm. The intermediate transition layer consists of steel matrix powder and copper-based brazing filler metal powder. The material of the steel matrix layer is the same as that of the steel matrix powder, and is 42CrMo. The material of the hard alloy layer is YG8. The grade of the copper-based solder powder is BCu54ZnMn. In the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the steel matrix powder to the copper base solder powder is 1:6.
The preparation method of the cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact of the comparative example is carried out with reference to example 1, and the difference between the preparation method and the cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact is only that the composition of the intermediate transition layer is different and the intermediate transition layer does not contain hard alloy particles.
Comparative example 4
The cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact provided by the comparative example 4 is of an elongated type and comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, a middle transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. Wherein, the polycrystalline diamond layer is hemispherical; the hard alloy layer, the intermediate transition layer and the steel matrix layer are all columnar. The polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through an intermediate transition layer; the height of polycrystalline diamond layer is 12mm, the height of hard alloy layer is 10mm, the height of intermediate transition layer is 2mm, the height of steel matrix layer is 10mm. The intermediate transition layer consists of hard alloy particles and steel matrix powder. The material of the steel matrix layer is the same as that of the steel matrix powder, and is 42CrMo. The material of the hard alloy layer is the same as that of the hard alloy particles, and is YG8. In the intermediate transition layer, the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles to the steel matrix powder is 1:1.
The preparation method of the cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact of the comparative example is carried out with reference to example 1, and the difference between the two steps is only that: the intermediate transition layer has different compositions and does not contain copper-based solder powder. In this comparative example, since the powder of the intermediate layer does not contain brazing filler metal but only reinforcing particles, the comparative example cannot be prepared by friction brazing, but a columnar hard alloy layer and a columnar steel base layer are connected by friction welding through an intermediate transition layer. At this time, in step 3), the rotation speed of the rotary shaft was increased to 300r/min.
Comparative example 5
The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact provided in comparative example 5 is of a lengthening type, and the structure and material composition of the compact are the same as those of example 1.
The preparation method of the cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact of the comparative example is carried out with reference to example 1, and the difference between the two steps is only that: and 3) in the cooling tank, the adopted cooling medium is water.
Comparative example 6
The cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact provided by the comparative example 6 is of an elongated type and comprises a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, an intermediate transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the hemispherical polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the columnar hard alloy layer through sintering; the columnar hard alloy layer and the columnar steel base layer are connected through friction brazing through the intermediate transition layer; the intermediate transition layer is composed of silver-based solder powder. The material of the columnar steel substrate layer is 42CrMo. The material of the columnar hard alloy layer is YG8. The silver-based solder powder is given the designation BAg40CuZnIn.
According to the preparation method of the cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact, silver-based solder powder is used as the brazing filler metal, and the elongated compact is formed through induction brazing. The method comprises the following specific steps: step 1) is the same as example 1, step 2) and step 3) are: firstly, processing a mosquito-repellent incense disc-shaped annular groove on the end face of the hard alloy of the PDC composite sheet, and then compacting BAg40CuZnIn brazing filler metal powder in the annular groove; the groove depth of the annular grooves is 3mm, and the groove spacing is 5mm; then fixing the PDC composite sheet on a lower clamp, and simultaneously fastening a columnar steel matrix by an upper clamp; pressing down the pressure lever to make the to-be-welded surface of the columnar steel matrix close to the hard alloy end surface of the PDC composite sheet and make the to-be-welded parts of the columnar steel matrix and the PDC composite sheet positioned in the induction coil; and (3) opening the induction welding machine to start heating, stopping heating when metal brazing liquid flows out of the welding seam, and cooling to obtain the pick-type polycrystalline diamond compact formed by the induction brazing of the comparative example 6.
Test examples
The performance of the cutting tooth type polycrystalline diamond compacts of examples 1 to 5 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 6 was tested. Cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compacts of the same specification are prepared respectively in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 6, standard samples are cut after welding, the standard samples comprise welding seams between hard alloy and a steel substrate, the shear strength of the welding seams between the hard alloy and the steel substrate is tested, the state of the polycrystalline diamond layer is observed, the shear strength test refers to the specification of GB/T11363, and the test results are shown in Table 1. In addition, the appearance of the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact of example 1 of the present invention (fig. 3 a) and the appearance of the polycrystalline diamond compact of comparative example 1 (fig. 3 b) are shown in fig. 3.
TABLE 1 Performance of pick-type polycrystalline Diamond compacts of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from table 1 and fig. 3, the truncated-tooth-shaped elongated polycrystalline diamond compact obtained in example 1 of the present invention forms a thicker intermediate transition layer between the cemented carbide and the steel substrate (fig. 3 a). In addition, in the polycrystalline diamond composite sheets prepared in the embodiments 1 to 6, the shearing strength of the friction brazing joint of the hard alloy and the steel substrate is high and reaches 385 to 402MPa, and the polycrystalline diamond layer is not damaged, the residual stress of a bonding interface is small, and cracks are avoided. Comparative example 1 using copper-based solder powder as an intermediate transition layer, containing no reinforcing buffer stress particles, and having a thin intermediate transition layer (fig. 3 b), the strength of the obtained brazed joint was low, only 245MPa. The intermediate transition layers of the comparative examples 2 and 3 are copper-based brazing filler metal and hard alloy particles or copper-based brazing filler metal and steel particles, and can not play an effective buffering and reinforcing role, and the bonding strength is low. In comparative example 4, the intermediate transition layers have no brazing filler metal component, are all buffer reinforcing particles, are friction welding, have high welding temperature close to the melting temperature of a steel matrix, have thermal damage on the polycrystalline diamond layer, and have cracks on a bonding interface. In comparative example 5, water was used as a cooling medium, and the polycrystalline diamond layer was thermally damaged, and the joint strength was slightly decreased. In comparative example 6, the induction brazing using the low-temperature silver solder was performed, but the joint strength was significantly reduced and the strength requirement could not be satisfied although the polycrystalline diamond layer was not damaged.
In summary, the cutting pick type lengthening polycrystalline diamond compact provided by the invention has the advantages that the intermediate transition layer contains copper-based brazing filler metal powder and two reinforcing buffer particles of hard alloy particles and steel matrix powder, friction brazing is adopted, the welding temperature is obviously lower than that of conventional friction welding, the intermediate transition layer can buffer stress and enhance the joint strength, and the generation of cracks can be effectively reduced. Meanwhile, the invention utilizes the heat conduction and heat dissipation capacity of the liquid metal to carry out cooling protection on the diamond layer, can better prevent the thermal damage of the polycrystalline diamond layer, and the obtained joint has higher strength, thereby greatly meeting the application requirement on the lengthening of the polycrystalline diamond compact under the working condition of the cutting tooth of a coal mine.
Claims (10)
1. A cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact is characterized by comprising a polycrystalline diamond layer, a hard alloy layer, an intermediate transition layer and a steel matrix layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the polycrystalline diamond layer is connected with the hard alloy layer through sintering; the hard alloy layer and the steel matrix layer are connected through friction brazing through an intermediate transition layer; the intermediate transition layer comprises hard alloy particles, steel matrix powder and copper-based solder powder.
2. The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the hard alloy particles, the steel matrix powder and the copper-based solder powder in the intermediate transition layer is 1: 4-6.
3. The cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact according to claim 1, wherein the steel substrate layer and the steel substrate powder are made of the same material and are selected from any one of 42CrMo, 35CrMo and 30 CrMo; the hard alloy layer is made of the same material as the hard alloy particles, and is selected from any one of YG8, YG6, and YG12.
4. The cutting pick-type polycrystalline diamond compact of claim 1, wherein the copper-based solder powder is selected from one of BCu54ZnMn, BCu58ZnMnCo, BCu48ZnNi, BCu48ZnMn.
5. A method of making a cutting pick-type polycrystalline diamond compact according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
1) Sintering the diamond powder raw material and the hard alloy matrix at high temperature and high pressure to obtain a PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) compact formed by sintering and connecting the polycrystalline diamond layer and the hard alloy layer;
2) Processing an annular groove on the hard alloy end face of the PDC composite sheet, and then compacting powder forming a middle transition layer in the annular groove;
3) Immersing a polycrystalline diamond layer of the PDC compact into liquid metal, then enabling a steel matrix to be close to the hard alloy end face of the PDC compact under high-speed rotation, and keeping pressing force after pressing; and when the flow of the brazing filler metal liquid occurs in the annular groove, stopping rotating, and continuously maintaining the pressing force between the steel matrix and the PDC composite sheet to obtain the truncated-tooth polycrystalline diamond composite sheet.
6. The method for preparing the cutting pick-type polycrystalline diamond compact according to claim 5, wherein in the step 1), the high-temperature and high-pressure sintering temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, and the pressure is 5 GPa-8 GPa.
7. The method for preparing the cutting pick-type polycrystalline diamond compact according to claim 5, wherein in the step 2), the groove depth of the annular groove is 3-5 mm, and the groove interval is 5-8 mm.
8. The method for preparing the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact according to claim 5, wherein In the step 3), the liquid metal is at least one of Ga, ga76% -In24% eutectic alloy and Ga68.5% -In21.5% -Sn10% ternary eutectic alloy; the depth of the liquid metal is the same as the height of the polycrystalline diamond layer in the PDC compact.
9. The method for preparing the cutting pick type polycrystalline diamond compact according to claim 5, wherein in the step 3), the rotating speed of the steel substrate is 150-200 r/min; the pressing force is 10-15N; the pressing force between the steel matrix and the PDC composite sheet is kept for 15-20 min.
10. An apparatus for carrying out the method of manufacturing a cutting pick-type polycrystalline diamond compact according to any one of claims 5 to 9, comprising a cooling bath, a movable jig, a rotating shaft, a pressing rod, and a rotating motor;
a cover plate is arranged above the cooling tank, an opening for placing the PDC composite sheet is formed in the cover plate, and liquid metal is contained in the cooling tank;
the movable clamp is arranged in the cooling groove; the movable clamp comprises a fixed baffle plate, a movable fixed block and a shaking handle; the fixed baffle is used for fixing the PDC composite sheet, the movable fixed block is used for clamping the PDC composite sheet, and the shaking handle is used for moving the movable fixed block to compress the PDC composite sheet;
the rotating shaft is arranged above the cooling tank, a taper hole is formed in the rotating shaft and used for fixing a steel matrix, and the upper part of the rotating shaft is connected with a rotating motor through a coupling; the pressure lever is connected with the end part of the rotating shaft and is used for controlling the rotating shaft to move up and down;
when the section-tooth type polycrystalline diamond compact is prepared, the rotating shaft presses down the pressure lever while rotating, and the steel substrate moves to be close to the hard alloy end face of the PDC compact for compressing operation, so that friction brazing connection is realized.
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