CN115896613A - High-strength low-cost weathering steel for photovoltaic support and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-strength low-cost weathering steel for photovoltaic support and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000870 Weathering steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RMLPZKRPSQVRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(3-methylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(OP(=O)(OC=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)OC=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 RMLPZKRPSQVRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses high-strength low-cost weathering steel for a photovoltaic bracket and a preparation method thereof. The weathering steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.10%, si:0.02 to 0.50%, mn: 0.80-2.00%, P is less than or equal to 0.030%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, cr:0.20 to 0.80%, cu:0.20 to 0.60%, W:0.05 to 0.50%, als: 0.010-0.050%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The W is adopted to replace the conventional expensive corrosion resistant element Ni, the content of Si is reduced, the comprehensive properties of steel, such as mechanics, welding and the like are ensured, the excellent corrosion resistant performance is also realized, the W-type steel can be used in a naked manner in the atmospheric environment with the environmental corrosion level of C1-C3, the cost of the whole life cycle of the bracket is greatly reduced, the environmental pollution is low, the resource consumption is low, and the W-type steel has good application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of weathering steel, and particularly relates to high-strength low-cost weathering steel for a photovoltaic bracket, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the development of the photovoltaic industry, the steel consumption of the photovoltaic industry is greatly increased, and the northwest area of China becomes a main construction site of a commercial photovoltaic power station due to wide regions, sufficient illumination and low construction cost. At present, a photovoltaic bracket under construction generally adopts a traditional hot-dip galvanized steel bracket, but the traditional hot-dip galvanized steel bracket cannot meet the control requirement of a project on the construction cost due to the problems of large environmental pollution, low process efficiency, high consumption, low quality level and the like.
Meanwhile, the material corrosion widely exists in various fields of social and economic construction, various accidents caused by corrosion touch the eyes and are surprised, and the development of the social and economic is seriously influenced. The annual corrosion cost of China accounts for about 3.4 percent of GDP. The photovoltaic support is exposed in the atmospheric environment for a long time, and corrosion damage of different degrees can be produced to the support structure to different degrees to influence its fail safe nature and durability. And commercial solar photovoltaic power stations are mostly built in the desert of Gobi, the sand blown by the wind is large, and the toughness and the wear resistance of the material are also factors which must be considered.
Weathering steel brackets are receiving increasing attention due to their advantages of high corrosion resistance, low cost, more environmental protection, etc. Weathering steel has long been used for steel structures in the united states, japan, and europe due to its advantages of light weight, low maintenance cost, high construction efficiency, and the like. In the united states, the largest use of weathering steel is to construct bridges and expand the use of bare forms, with buildings using bare weathering steel reaching over 500. In japan, from 1965, weather resistant steel has been used as exterior members such as building roofs, blinds, steel ribs, exterior panel lights, and the like, which have been exposed.
Therefore, in the face of the development trend of green, low carbon, high strength and corrosion resistance in the photovoltaic industry, the development of the weather-resistant steel for the photovoltaic bracket with high strength, high corrosion resistance and low cost is an urgent need in the photovoltaic industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of high environmental pollution, low process efficiency, high consumption, low strength, atmospheric corrosion, sand wind erosion and the like of the traditional hot-dip galvanized steel photovoltaic support, and provides the weather-resistant steel for the photovoltaic support, which has high strength (yield strength of 690MPa grade), low cost and high corrosion resistance, and the preparation method and the application thereof.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the weathering steel for the photovoltaic bracket has the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.10%, si:0.02 to 0.50%, mn: 0.80-2.00%, P is less than or equal to 0.030%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, cr:0.20 to 0.80%, cu:0.20 to 0.60%, W:0.05 to 0.50%, als: 0.010-0.050%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
According to the scheme, the W content of the weathering steel is 0.05-0.20% by mass percent.
According to the scheme, the content of Si in the weathering steel is 0.05-0.20% by mass percent.
According to the scheme, the high-strength low-cost weathering steel for the photovoltaic bracket comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.03 to 0.06%, si:0.05 to 0.20%, mn: 1.00-1.80%, P is less than or equal to 0.010%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, cr:0.50 to 0.60%, cu:0.30 to 0.50%, W:0.05 to 0.20%, als:0.015 to 0.050% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
According to the scheme, a circumferential immersion corrosion test is carried out for 168 hours by using TB/T2375, and the relative corrosion rate of the obtained weathering steel is less than or equal to 45 percent.
According to the scheme, the yield strength of the high-strength low-cost weathering steel for the photovoltaic bracket is more than or equal to 690MPa, the tensile strength is 820-920 MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 18%, and the low-temperature impact energy is more than or equal to 200J.
The function of each element in the invention is as follows:
the content of C in the invention is selected to be less than or equal to 0.10 percent. C is an effective element for improving the strength of steel, and when the carbon content is high, for example, more than 0.12%, martensite is easily formed to deteriorate the low-temperature toughness of steel, and the tensile strength easily exceeds the upper limit, and the influence on weldability is large. When the carbon content in the steel is below 0.10 percent (wt), the carbon equivalent of the steel has low sensitivity to welding cold cracks, the carbon content is reduced, and the low-temperature toughness of the steel can be effectively improved. However, when the carbon content is too low, for example, less than 0.03%, the strength of the steel sheet becomes insufficient, the hard phase in the steel becomes too small, and the yield ratio control becomes difficult. The C content is preferably 0.03 to 0.06%.
The Mn content of the invention is 0.80-2.00%, and Mn is an important toughening element and an austenite stabilizing element, and can enlarge the austenite region in an iron-carbon phase diagram and promote medium-temperature structure transformation. The high Mn content is liable to cause severe center segregation in the steel, deteriorates the low temperature toughness of the steel, and tends to cause cracking of the HAZ steel sheet during welding, which is not necessary for obtaining the mechanical properties of the steel of the present invention, while too low Mn content tends to lower the strength of the steel. The Mn content is preferably 1.00 to 1.80%.
The P content is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and the higher content of P can obviously improve the weather resistance of steel, but also can reduce the weldability of steel, increase the cold brittleness tendency of steel and generate more serious center segregation.
The S content of the steel is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and the higher content of S can reduce the corrosion resistance, the low-temperature toughness and the Z-direction performance of the steel.
The Si content of the invention is 0.02-0.50%, and the addition of Si element can improveCorrosion resistance of steel materials. In the marine environment, the increase of the silicon content in the steel matrix can increase the proportion of superparamagnetic alpha-FeOOH and enhance the protection capability of the rust layer so as to reduce the corrosion rate of the carbon steel. However, in the industrial atmosphere, the main existing form of Si element in the rust layer is Fe 2 SiO 4 It is loose and porous and cannot block O 2 、HSO 3 - The entering of the corrosion medium finally leads to the reduction of the rust protection capability, and the Si content is increased from 0.2 percent to 0.8 percent, so that the corrosion resistance of the steel is deteriorated. Meanwhile, since the binding ability with oxygen is stronger than that of iron, low melting point silicate is easily generated during welding, fluidity of slag and molten metal is increased, and excessive addition of Si element reduces weldability and impact toughness of steel. Therefore, in the present invention, the upper limit of Si is set to 0.20%, and a certain amount of Si remains in the steel due to deoxidation, so the lower limit of Si is set to 0.01%. In view of comprehensive strength properties such as yield ratio, impact energy, elongation, etc., the Si content is preferably 0.05 to 0.20%.
The Cu content of the invention is 0.20-0.60%, the Cu can improve the hardenability of steel, can obviously improve the core strength of a thick steel plate, and is an important element for improving the weather resistance, the Cu element improves the quality of a rust layer by enriching at the defects of gaps, holes and the like of the rust layer, but when the addition of the Cu is more than 0.50%, the toughness of a welding heat affected zone of the steel plate can be reduced, and the network fracture is easy to generate in the heating process of a billet. The Cu content is preferably 0.30 to 0.50%.
The content of Cr in the invention is 0.20-0.80%, the proper Cr can improve the strength of steel and obviously improve the weather resistance of the steel, but the welding difficulty is easily increased if the content is over 0.80%, and a passive film cannot be formed if the content is singly added or is less than 0.30%, so that the corrosion induction sensitivity of a steel matrix cannot be reduced, and compared with the traditional Ni and Cu elements, the Cr cost is lower and the corrosion resistance is obviously improved. The Cr content is preferably 0.50 to 0.60%.
The content of W in the invention is 0.05-0.50%. The traditional weathering steel can be added with Ni element to improve the corrosion resistance, but the addition amount of the Ni element generally reaches a certain amount (3% in marine environment and 1% in industrial atmospheric environment) to achieve better corrosion resistance, and the cost of Ni per ton of steel added with alloy elements is far higher than that of Cu and Cr (0.1% of the addition amount of Ni is 2 times that of Cu and 5 times that of Cr). In addition, commercial solar photovoltaic power stations are mostly built in the desert of Gobi, and the sand blown by the wind is big, and the sand blown by the wind corrodes more seriously, and W's melting point is the highest among all metals, and hardness is also very high, often is used for producing heat intensity and wear-resisting alloy, can improve the sand blown by the wind of metal erosion resistance performance through adding appropriate amount W. The W content is preferably 0.05 to 0.20%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the weather-resistant steel for the high-strength low-cost photovoltaic bracket, which adopts a TMCP (thermal mechanical control processing) process and comprises the following steps: heating a casting blank → rough rolling → finish rolling → segmented cooling → tempering → cooling.
According to the scheme, the method comprises the following steps of,
the initial rolling temperature of finish rolling is 950-850 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 750-820 ℃;
controlling the first stage during sectional cooling: the cooling rate is 2-4 ℃/s, and the temperature is cooled to 620-680 ℃; and a second stage: the cooling rate is 20-35 ℃/s, so that the steel plate is rapidly cooled to 100-300 ℃;
the tempering temperature is 150-400 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 20-40 min.
According to the scheme, the heating temperature of the casting blank is 1180-1270 ℃.
According to the scheme, the initial rolling temperature of rough rolling is 1060-1100 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 930-970 ℃.
According to the scheme, the start rolling temperature of finish rolling is 920-870 ℃, and the finish rolling temperature is 770-810 ℃.
According to the scheme, the tempering temperature is 200-320 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 22-28 min.
The invention also provides application of the high-strength low-cost weathering steel for the photovoltaic support in the field of photovoltaic building or bridge construction.
According to the scheme, the weathering steel is exposed for use in the atmospheric environment with the environmental corrosion grade of C1-C3.
The weathering steel for the high-strength low-cost photovoltaic bracket adopts a TMCP (thermal mechanical control processing) process, so that the production cost is reduced, and the production period is shortened; wherein:
controlling the initial rolling temperature of finish rolling at 950-850 ℃ and the final rolling temperature at 750-820 ℃; the reason is that the excessive high initial rolling temperature is easy to cause mixed crystal, the excessive low initial rolling temperature cannot ensure the effective final rolling temperature, when the final rolling temperature is too high or too low, the required hard and soft complex phase structure is not easy to generate, and the obdurability of the steel can be influenced.
Controlling the first stage during sectional cooling: the cooling rate is 2-4 ℃/s, so that a proper ferrite and bainite structure is obtained in the steel; and a second stage: the cooling rate is 20-35 ℃/s, so that the steel plate is rapidly cooled to 100-300 ℃, and the transformation of the hard phase structure of the base material is ensured.
Controlling the tempering temperature at 150-400 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 20-40 min at the temperature to reduce the residual stress of the steel plate, wherein the yield ratio is not too high.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides high-strength low-cost weathering steel for a photovoltaic bracket, wherein W is adopted to replace conventional expensive corrosion-resistant element Ni, so that on one hand, the cost of steel is greatly reduced, and on the other hand, the capability of the steel for resisting sand erosion is improved; meanwhile, the content of Si is reduced, so that not only is the corrosion resistance deterioration caused by overhigh content of Si avoided, but also the comprehensive properties of steel, such as mechanics, welding and the like, are ensured. The obtained weathering steel has yield strength of more than or equal to 690MPa, tensile strength of 850-950 MPa and yield ratio of 0.72-0.80, can reduce the thickness of the bracket while improving the strength, greatly reduces the steel consumption of the unit bracket, obviously reduces the cost and has wide application prospect.
2. The high-strength low-cost weathering steel for the photovoltaic bracket provided by the invention can be used in an exposed manner in an atmospheric environment with an environmental corrosion grade of C1-C3, and compared with the traditional hot-dip galvanized photovoltaic bracket, the weathering steel greatly reduces the cost of the whole life cycle of the bracket, has the advantages of small environmental pollution, low resource consumption and good application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure chart of example 6 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the results of corrosion resistance tests of examples of the present invention and comparative examples.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the invention, the invention is described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the invention is not limited to the following examples.
Examples 1 to 6
The chemical components and the mass percentage of the weathering steel for the high-strength low-cost photovoltaic bracket in the embodiment of the invention are shown in table 1.
The embodiment of the invention adopts a TMCP (thermal mechanical control processing) process for preparing the weather-resistant steel for the high-strength low-cost photovoltaic bracket, and comprises the following steps of: heating a casting blank → rough rolling → finish rolling → segmented cooling → tempering → cooling; wherein:
the heating temperature of the casting blank is 1250 +/-20 ℃;
the initial rolling temperature of rough rolling is 1080 +/-20 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 950 +/-20 ℃;
the initial rolling temperature of finish rolling is 900 +/-20 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 790 +/-20 ℃;
controlling the first stage during sectional cooling: the cooling rate is 2-4 ℃/s, and the temperature is cooled to 650 +/-20 ℃; and a second stage: the cooling rate is 20-35 ℃/s, so that the steel plate is rapidly cooled to 100-300 ℃;
the tempering temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 28min.
Comparative examples 1 to 2
Comparative example 1 is plain steel Q345B; comparative example 2 is a traditional weathering steel SPA-H steel, and the specific chemical components and mass percentage contents thereof are shown in Table 1.
The test of the cyclic immersion corrosion of weathering steel for railway was carried out for 168 hours according to TB/T2375 test method of cyclic immersion corrosion of weathering steel for railway. The results of the immersion corrosion for each of examples and comparative examples 1-2 are shown in Table 1 and FIG. 2 below.
TABLE 1 comparison of chemical compositions and peri-immersion corrosion for examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-2
The high-strength low-cost weathering steel for the photovoltaic bracket, which is obtained by the embodiment of the invention, has the corrosion rate reduced by 60% compared with that of plain carbon steel (Q345B), the corrosion resistance improved by 35% compared with that of the traditional weathering steel (SPA-H), the cost reduced by 15% compared with that of the traditional weathering steel (SPA-H), and the comprehensive cost reduced by 20% compared with that of the traditional hot-dip galvanized photovoltaic bracket.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The high-strength low-cost weathering steel for the photovoltaic support is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.10%, si:0.02 to 0.50%, mn: 0.80-2.00%, P is less than or equal to 0.030%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, cr:0.20 to 0.80%, cu:0.20 to 0.60%, W:0.05 to 0.50%, als: 0.010-0.050%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The weathering steel of claim 1, wherein the weathering steel has a W content of 0.05 to 0.20% by mass.
3. The weathering steel of claim 1, wherein the weathering steel has a Si content of 0.05-0.20% by mass.
4. The weathering steel of claim 1, wherein the weathering steel for high-strength low-cost photovoltaic support comprises the following chemical components by mass percent: c:0.03 to 0.06%, si:0.05 to 0.20%, mn: 1.00-1.80%, P is less than or equal to 0.010%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, cr:0.50 to 0.60%, cu:0.30 to 0.50%, W:0.05 to 0.20%, als:0.015 to 0.050% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
5. The weathering steel of claim 1, wherein the weathering steel has a relative corrosion rate of 45% or less when subjected to a 168 hour weekly immersion corrosion test of TB/T2375; the yield strength of the weathering steel is more than or equal to 690MPa, the tensile strength is 820-920 MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 18%, and the low-temperature impact energy is more than or equal to 200J.
6. A preparation method of the weather-resistant steel for the high-strength low-cost photovoltaic bracket as recited in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a TMCP process is adopted, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: heating a casting blank → rough rolling → finish rolling → segmented cooling → tempering → cooling.
7. The production method according to claim 6, wherein a finish rolling start temperature is 950 to 850 ℃ and a finish rolling temperature is 750 to 820 ℃; controlling the first stage during sectional cooling: the cooling rate is 2-4 ℃/s, and the temperature is cooled to 620-680 ℃; and a second stage: the cooling rate is 20-35 ℃/s, so that the steel plate is rapidly cooled to 100-300 ℃; the tempering temperature is 150-400 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 20-40 min.
8. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the heating temperature of the casting blank is 1180-1270 ℃; the initial rolling temperature of rough rolling is 1060-1100 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 930-970 ℃.
9. The application of the weathering steel for high-strength low-cost photovoltaic supports according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the field of photovoltaic building or bridge construction.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the weathering steel is used bare in an atmospheric environment of environmental corrosion class C1-C3.
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| CN111850418A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-30 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | 630MPa grade high-corrosion-resistance weathering steel and preparation method thereof |
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