CN115896504B - Preparation method of aluminum alloy material and preparation method of barrier gate transmission structural member - Google Patents
Preparation method of aluminum alloy material and preparation method of barrier gate transmission structural member Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a die-casting aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following steps: adding aluminum ingot, silicon, manganese additive, titanium additive, intermediate alloy of metal magnesium, rare earth Ce and La, phosphorus copper intermediate alloy, aluminum strontium intermediate alloy and submicron aluminum titanium carbon boron seed crystal material. The prepared material comprises the following components: si:8.5-12.0%; fe: less than or equal to 0.25 percent; cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; mn:0.5-1.0%; mg:0.3-0.7%; zn: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; ti:0.01-0.3%; b: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; cr: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; ce:0.01-0.03%; la:0.006-0.02%; ga:0.01-0.04%; p:0.0005-0.002%; sr:0.008-0.045%; ca: less than or equal to 0.002%; pb: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; sn: less than or equal to 0.01 percent; cd: less than or equal to 0.01 percent; other unavoidable total of normally present impurity elements: less than or equal to 0.15 percent; seed material addition: 0.1-1%; the balance of Al, wherein the ratio of P/Ga is less than or equal to 0.05, and the ratio of Ce/La is 1.2-1.8. The die-casting aluminum alloy material obtained by the aluminum alloy material and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages of high strength, toughness and fatigue resistance, and the barrier gate transmission structural member prepared by die casting the aluminum alloy material can meet the high-end requirements of the highway barrier gate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of die-casting aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an aluminum alloy material and a preparation method of a barrier gate transmission structural member.
Background
The electric road gate is widely applied to intersections and toll stations of highways, roads, railways, companies, factories, schools and the like. Because the application scene of the barrier gate determines that frequent lifting and even reverse braking are required, structural members of a transmission mechanism of the barrier gate are required to have higher strength and bear larger torque, and the barrier gate is required to have high strength and toughness and fatigue resistance. In the prior art, two methods are generally adopted to test and verify the performance of the alloy at the same time:
1. the service life of the assembled whole road brake, namely the service life of the transmission structural member is tested by continuous running around the clock. Generally, the low-end requirements of 300 to 500 ten thousand times are met, the medium-end requirements of 500 to 1000 ten thousand times are met, the high-end requirements of 1000 to 1000 ten thousand times are met, and the road gate requirements on the expressway are high-end requirements.
2. Through a hydraulic pressure mode, the middle part of the structural member is pressurized, and the loading load required to be born by the transmission structural member with the lowest performance is not lower than 100MPa when the transmission structural member starts to bend and deform, and not lower than 150MPa when the transmission structural member breaks.
For several transmission stress structural members of the barrier gate, the prior art is generally realized by adopting A3 steel to be machined after being formed by precision casting or by adopting A3 forged steel. When the A3 forged steel part is loaded to 100MPa in the test, the bending deformation is started, and 230MPa is broken; and (3) starting bending deformation and 250MPa fracture of the A3 steel precision casting when the casting is loaded to 130 MPa. Both of these operational life tests exceeded 1500 tens of thousands of times. Although all indexes of the precision casting or forging steel mode of the A3 steel meet the performance requirements, the whole weight of the steel structural part is large, the production efficiency of precision casting or forging is low, and the cost is very high.
In order to reduce weight, reduce cost and improve production efficiency, it is hoped that the transmission stress structural member of the barrier gate can be prepared by adopting a common aluminum alloy material, but the common aluminum alloy material is difficult to meet the requirements of the barrier gate, in particular to die-casting aluminum alloy, which has higher production efficiency, but because of the characteristics of a forming mode, the die-casting aluminum alloy is difficult to have better fatigue resistance, and when the die-casting aluminum alloy is used as the transmission stress structural member of the barrier gate, the performance requirement of the barrier gate is difficult to be met. If the test is carried out, the A356 aluminum alloy material is broken when being loaded to 120MPa, and meanwhile, after the A356 aluminum alloy transmission structural member is installed on the electric barrier gate, the structural member is broken after continuous running test is carried out for less than 200 ten thousand times. The ADC12 breaks when being loaded to 90MPa, and after the ADC12 aluminum alloy transmission structural member is installed on an electric road gate, the continuous running test is performed around the clock for less than 50 ten thousand times, so that the fracture phenomenon occurs. It can be seen that the common aluminum alloy in the prior art is difficult to meet the requirements of the barrier gate, and especially the high-end requirements are more difficult to meet.
The three requirements of pressure test, running more than 1000 ten thousand times after assembly and low production and manufacturing cost are simultaneously met for the die-casting aluminum alloy material with high strength, toughness and fatigue resistance. Therefore, the die-casting aluminum alloy material with high strength and toughness and fatigue resistance and the die-casting transmission structural member thereof, which can be applied to the electric barrier gate, are developed, the requirements of the barrier gate transmission structural member on high strength and toughness and long fatigue resistance service life are met, and the die-casting aluminum alloy material has urgency and wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum alloy material with high strength, toughness and fatigue resistance and a preparation method of a barrier gate transmission structural member.
The invention provides a preparation method of a die-casting aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, adding 91-95% of aluminum ingots and all silicon, melting, heating to 800-830 ℃, cleaning for 30-40 minutes, and purifying for the first time to remove slag;
s2, adding the preheated 50% manganese additive at 800-830 ℃, stirring and melting, then cleaning for 10-20 minutes, adding the rest of the preheated 50% manganese additive and titanium additive, stirring and melting, and cleaning for 10-20 minutes;
s3, adding the rest 5-9% of aluminum ingots for melting, adjusting the temperature of the aluminum liquid to 740-760 ℃ and performing secondary purification and deslagging;
s4, adopting argon or nitrogen as carrier gas, adding a granular sodium-free refining agent according to the addition amount of 0.1-0.2% for refining and purifying, and then carrying out third purification and deslagging;
s5, adding preheated magnesium metal, melting and uniformly stirring, and cleaning for 5-10 minutes;
s6, adding a preheated intermediate alloy at the controlled temperature of 740-760 ℃, wherein the intermediate alloy contains rare earth Ce and rare earth La (or intermediate alloy containing Ce, la and other required alloy elements), adjusting the Ce/La ratio to be within the range of constraint conditions of 1.2-1.8, melting and uniformly stirring, cleaning for 10-15 minutes, degassing for 5-10 minutes by adopting argon or nitrogen, sampling and checking components, and ensuring that the components meet the following conditions: si:8.5-12.0%; fe: less than or equal to 0.25 percent; cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; mn:0.5-1.0%; mg:0.3-0.7%; zn: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; ti:0.01-0.3%; b: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; cr: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; ce:0.01-0.03%; la:0.006-0.02%; ca: less than or equal to 0.002%; pb: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; sn: less than or equal to 0.01 percent; cd: less than or equal to 0.01 percent; the single content of other unavoidable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, the sum is: less than or equal to 0.15 percent; the balance of Al;
s7, adding a pre-heated P-copper intermediate alloy with the P content of about 8.3% when the temperature is controlled between 740 and 760 ℃, adjusting the P/Ga ratio to be less than or equal to 0.05, and cleaning for 10 to 20 minutes after melting; sampling and checking components, and ensuring that the components meet the following conditions: ga:0.01-0.04%; p:0.0005-0.002%;
s8, degassing the aluminum liquid by adopting argon or nitrogen until a sampling inspection pinhole reaches 1 level;
s9, uniformly adding the preheated aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the furnace when the temperature of the aluminum liquid is between 730 and 750 ℃, cleaning for 10 to 20 minutes, sampling and checking components, and ensuring that the components meet the following conditions: sr:0.008-0.045%, degassing the aluminum liquid for 20-30 min by adopting argon or nitrogen, and purifying and deslagging for the fourth time;
s10, adding the preheated submicron aluminum titanium carbon boron seed crystal material at 720-750 ℃, melting and uniformly stirring, then cleaning for 5-10 minutes, and casting the aluminum liquid at 710-750 ℃.
Preferably, the sub-micron level aluminum titanium carbon boron seed material is added in the following amount: 0.1-1%.
Preferably, the casting process uses argon or nitrogen gas to degas in-line at the bottom of the filter box through 15-25 μm pore size air bricks.
Preferably, the aluminium liquid is cleaned for 5-10 minutes before each cleaning and deslagging unless specified.
Preferably, when argon or nitrogen is adopted to degas the aluminum melt in the furnace, the bouncing height of the aluminum liquid is less than 15cm.
Preferably, the pressure of the argon or nitrogen gas is between 0.15 and 0.25MPa when the aluminum melt in the furnace is degassed.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the barrier gate transmission structural member, and the barrier gate transmission structural member is obtained by die casting an aluminum alloy material prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum alloy material. The linear shrinkage factor parameter of the solidification of the molten aluminum is 0.4-0.6% when the die cavity of the die casting mold is designed.
Preferably, before die casting: controlling the temperature of the aluminum melt to be less than or equal to 780 ℃; and degassing the aluminum melt by adopting argon or nitrogen for 20-30 minutes, and removing scum after degassing.
Preferably, in die casting: controlling the temperature of the die casting aluminum liquid to 680-720 ℃; the temperature of the die casting die is 200-250 ℃.
Preferably, in die casting: when the Mg content in the die-cast aluminum melt is reduced to be lower than 0.3 percent due to burning loss, the metal magnesium is required to be added, so that the magnesium content is ensured to be 0.3-0.7 percent;
during die casting, the following steps are: when the Sr content in the die-cast aluminum melt is reduced to less than 0.008 percent due to burning loss, the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy needs to be added, so that the Sr content is ensured to be 0.008-0.045 percent.
The die-casting aluminum alloy material obtained by the aluminum alloy material and the preparation method thereof have the advantages of high strength, toughness and fatigue resistance. The material is used for preparing the transmission structural member of the barrier gate by die casting, can meet the high-end requirement of the barrier gate, and can be applied to the transmission structural member of the electric barrier gate of the expressway.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the drawings, and the drawings are not intentionally drawn to scale on actual size or the like, with emphasis on illustrating the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a photograph of a transmission structural member of a barrier gate according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of a sample testing machine for the internal structure of the transmission structure of the barrier gate according to embodiment 1 of the present invention after installation.
Detailed Description
The following is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art may better understand and practice the present invention, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a die-casting aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, adding 91-95% of aluminum ingots and all silicon, melting, heating to 800-830 ℃, cleaning for 30-40 minutes, and purifying for the first time to remove slag;
s2, adding the preheated 50% manganese additive at 800-830 ℃, stirring and melting, then cleaning for 10-20 minutes, adding the rest of the preheated 50% manganese additive and titanium additive, stirring and melting, and cleaning for 10-20 minutes;
s3, adding the rest 5-9% of aluminum ingots for melting, adjusting the temperature of the aluminum liquid to 740-760 ℃ and performing secondary purification and deslagging;
s4, adopting argon or nitrogen as carrier gas, adding a granular sodium-free refining agent according to the addition amount of 0.1-0.2% for refining and purifying, and then carrying out third purification and deslagging;
s5, adding preheated magnesium metal, melting and uniformly stirring, and cleaning for 5-10 minutes;
s6, adding a preheated intermediate alloy at the controlled temperature of 740-760 ℃, wherein the intermediate alloy contains rare earth Ce and rare earth La (or intermediate alloy containing Ce, la and other required alloy elements), adjusting the Ce/La ratio to be within the range of constraint conditions of 1.2-1.8, melting and uniformly stirring, cleaning for 10-15 minutes, degassing for 5-10 minutes by adopting argon or nitrogen, stirring, sampling and checking components, and ensuring that the components meet the requirements: si:8.5-12.0%; fe: less than or equal to 0.25 percent; cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; mn:0.5-1.0%; mg:0.3-0.7%; zn: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; ti:0.01-0.3%; b: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; cr: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; ce:0.01-0.03%; la:0.006-0.02%; ca: less than or equal to 0.002%; pb: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; sn: less than or equal to 0.01 percent; cd: less than or equal to 0.01 percent; other unavoidable individual impurity elements are 0.05% or less, other unavoidable total of impurity elements: less than or equal to 0.15 percent; the balance of Al;
s7, adding a pre-heated P-copper intermediate alloy with the P content of about 8.3% when the temperature is controlled between 740 and 760 ℃, adjusting the P/Ga ratio to be less than or equal to 0.05, and cleaning for 10 to 20 minutes after melting, sampling and checking components, wherein the components are ensured to meet the following requirements: ga:0.01-0.04%; p:0.0005-0.002%;
s8, degassing the aluminum liquid by adopting argon or nitrogen until a sampling inspection pinhole reaches 1 level;
s9, uniformly adding the preheated aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the furnace when the temperature of the aluminum liquid is between 730 and 750 ℃, cleaning for 10 to 20 minutes, sampling and checking components, and ensuring that the components meet the following conditions: sr:0.008-0.045%, degassing the aluminum liquid for 20-30 min by adopting argon or nitrogen, and purifying and deslagging for the fourth time;
s10, adding the preheated submicron aluminum titanium carbon boron seed crystal material at 720-750 ℃, melting and uniformly stirring, then cleaning for 5-10 minutes, and casting the aluminum liquid at 710-750 ℃.
And S11, carrying out online degassing on the bottom of the filter box by adopting argon or nitrogen through air bricks with the aperture of 15-25 mu m in the casting process. The prepared material components meet the following conditions:
Si：8.5-12.0％；Fe：≤0.25％；Cu：≤0.05％；Mn：0.5-1.0％；Mg：0.3-0.7％；
zn: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; ti:0.01-0.3%; b: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; cr: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; ce:0.01-0.03%; la:0.006-0.02%; sr:0.008-0.045%; ga:0.01-0.04%; p:0.0005-0.002%; ca: less than or equal to 0.002%; pb: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; sn: less than or equal to 0.01 percent; cd: less than or equal to 0.01 percent; submicron aluminum titanium carbon boron seed crystal material addition amount: 0.1-1%; other unavoidable individual impurity elements are 0.05% or less, other unavoidable total of impurity elements: less than or equal to 0.15 percent; the balance of Al.
The die-casting aluminum alloy material provided by the embodiment has the following characteristics:
the silicon content is high, the silicon is between near eutectic and eutectic, the casting performance of the alloy is excellent, and the fluidity of the aluminum liquid is good.
The contents of iron, copper and zinc are relatively low, so that the aluminum alloy has good mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance.
The relatively high manganese content is beneficial to improving the strength and heat resistance of the material, and can solve the problem of die sticking of a metal die which is easy to generate during die casting due to low iron. Meanwhile, the eutectic component of silicon and the higher manganese content also enable the aluminum alloy to have good welding performance and reduce the hot cracking tendency.
Magnesium is a strengthening element in the aluminum alloy, and proper magnesium content is helpful for improving the bending strength of the aluminum alloy. However, too high a magnesium content also reduces its toughness, causes an increase in brittleness, causes a decrease in flexural strength, and tends to decrease the fatigue resistance of the driving structural member, causing cracks or even breaks under continuous alternating loads. In the embodiment, the material is realized by proper magnesium content and proper adding steps, so that better toughness and fatigue resistance are ensured.
Proper amounts of strontium, rare earth Ce and La are favorable for modifying eutectic silicon, refining grains and improving fatigue resistance. However, the addition of strontium also needs to prevent the increase of the degree of inspiration in the preparation process, too much Ce and La are easy to produce new rare earth inclusions, the purification and the performance of the aluminum alloy material are affected, the proportion of rare earth elements is required to be controlled, and corresponding control measures are required to be applied to the preparation process.
The submicron-level aluminum titanium carbon boron seed crystal material can refine the alpha aluminum phase and solve the problems of uneven grain distribution and stress concentration. The grain refinement effect has long-acting property. Meanwhile, the casting defects such as shrinkage porosity, snowflake and the like can be eliminated, and the mechanical property, the processing property and the fatigue resistance are improved.
A small amount of Ti is mainly used for refining grains.
Ga and P are trace elements, a certain relation exists between the Ga and the P, constraint conditions between the Ga and the P are controlled in a control range of the Ga and the P, and the Ga and P can play a role in better refining grains and improving toughness and fatigue resistance of the aluminum alloy material.
The aluminum alloy material provided by the embodiment adopts various modification and refinement materials, and comprehensively and interactively plays the integral function of the combination of the modification and refinement materials from multiple aspects.
The aluminum alloy material provided by the embodiment has lower contents of Fe, cu and Zn, and the special preparation process has corrosion resistance better than steel and most of aluminum alloy brands.
The aluminum alloy material provided by the embodiment can meet the requirements of the barrier gate transmission structural member on high strength and toughness and long fatigue resistance service life, and can be used as a raw material for preparing the structural member of the electric barrier gate transmission mechanism of the expressway.
In a preferred embodiment, the submicron aluminum titanium carbon boron seed material contains 2-4% seed.
In a preferred embodiment, wherein Si:9-11%.
In a preferred embodiment, wherein P:0.0006 to 0.0012 percent.
In a preferred embodiment, P/Ga (ratio of phosphorus to gallium): 0.0015-0.05.
In a preferred embodiment, the aluminium liquid is cleaned for 5-10 minutes before each cleaning except for specific details.
In a preferred embodiment, when argon or nitrogen is adopted to degas the aluminum melt in the furnace, the bouncing height of the aluminum liquid is less than 15cm, and the air pressure is between 0.15 and 0.25 MPa.
The invention also provides a die casting method of the barrier gate transmission structural member, which is obtained by using the aluminum alloy materials prepared by the above steps as raw materials to die cast; the linear shrinkage factor parameter of the solidification of the molten aluminum is 0.4-0.6% when the die cavity of the die casting mold is designed.
Before die casting:
controlling the temperature of the aluminum melt to be less than or equal to 780 ℃; degassing the aluminum melt by adopting argon or nitrogen for 20-30 minutes, and removing scum after degassing;
during die casting, the following steps are:
controlling the temperature of the die casting molten aluminum to 680-720 ℃, and controlling the lower limit of the die casting with thicker wall thickness and the upper limit of the die casting with thinner wall thickness.
The temperature of the die casting die is controlled at 200-250 ℃, the lower limit of the die casting with thicker wall thickness and the upper limit of the die casting with thinner wall thickness are controlled.
When the Mg content in the die-cast aluminum melt is reduced to be lower than 0.3 percent due to burning loss, the metal magnesium is required to be added, so that the magnesium content is ensured to be 0.3-0.7 percent;
when the Sr content in the die-cast aluminum melt is reduced to less than 0.008 percent due to burning loss, an aluminum strontium intermediate alloy needs to be added, and the Sr content is ensured to be 0.008-0.045 percent.
Cold materials such as return materials are not thrown into the furnace in the die casting process, so that the suction of the melt and the increase of impurities are avoided.
If an iron tool is used, the coating is required to be dried, so that iron addition and air suction of an aluminum melt in the die casting process are prevented.
For a further understanding and appreciation of the inventive aspects, a further description of the preferred embodiments will now be provided.
The barrier drive structures of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-17 were prepared according to the materials and molding methods, respectively, shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The die-cast aluminum alloy material 1 in table 1 was prepared as follows:
the formula of the prepared die-casting aluminum alloy material is as follows:
si:10.1%; fe:0.09%; cu:0.002%; mn:0.654%; mg:0.38%; zn:0.03%; ti:0.012%; b:0.012%; cr:0.02%; ce:0.015%; la:0.011%; sr:0.0346%; ga:0.03%; p:0.001%; ca:0.0006%; pb:0.002; sn:0.001%; cd:0.001%; submicron aluminum titanium carbon boron seed crystal material addition amount: 0.25%; the single content of other unavoidable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, the sum is: less than or equal to 0.15 percent; the balance of Al. Wherein Ce/La is 1.36 and P/Ga is 0.033.
The specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) After adding 93% of the amount of aluminum ingot and all silicon, the ingot was melted and heated to 820 c and allowed to stand for 35 minutes.
(2) And (5) performing primary purification and deslagging.
(3) The preheated 50% manganese additive was added at 820 c and the mixture was stirred to melt and then cleaned for 15 minutes.
(4) The rest 50% manganese additive and titanium additive which are preheated are added, stirred and melted and then cleaned for 15 minutes.
(5) The remaining 7% of the aluminum ingot was added to melt.
(6) The temperature of the aluminum liquid was adjusted to 750 ℃.
(7) And cleaning the aluminum liquid for 8 minutes to carry out secondary purification and deslagging.
(8) Argon or nitrogen is adopted as carrier gas, and the granular sodium-free refining agent is added according to the addition amount of 0.15 percent for refining and purifying.
(9) And cleaning the aluminum liquid for 8 minutes to perform third purification and deslagging.
(10) Adding preheated magnesium metal, melting and stirring uniformly, and cleaning for 10 minutes.
(11) And (3) adding the preheated intermediate alloy containing the rare earth Ce and the intermediate alloy containing the rare earth La at the temperature of 750 ℃, and adjusting the ratio Ce/La to meet the condition. Melting and stirring uniformly, and cleaning for 10 minutes.
(12) And (3) degassing for 10 minutes by adopting argon or nitrogen, wherein the bouncing height of the aluminum liquid is less than 15cm during degassing, and the air pressure is between 0.15 and 0.25 MPa.
(13) Stirring, sampling and checking components.
(14) And adding a pre-heated P-Cu intermediate alloy with the P content of about 8.3 percent at the temperature of 750 ℃, and adjusting the proportion of P/Ga to meet constraint conditions. Clean for 15 minutes after melting.
(15) Stirring, sampling and checking components.
(16) When the rest components except Sr are qualified, argon or nitrogen is adopted to degas the aluminum liquid, and when the aluminum liquid is degassed, the bouncing height of the aluminum liquid is less than 15cm, and the air pressure is between 0.15 and 0.25 MPa. Until the sampling inspection pinhole reaches level 1.
(17) The preheated aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy is uniformly added into the furnace at the temperature of 740 ℃ and the furnace is cleaned for 15 minutes.
(18) Stirring, sampling and checking components.
(19) And (3) degassing the aluminum liquid for 25 minutes by adopting argon or nitrogen, wherein the bouncing height of the aluminum liquid is less than 15cm, and the air pressure is between 0.15 and 0.25MPa during degassing.
(20) And cleaning the aluminum liquid for 8 minutes to carry out fourth purification and deslagging.
(21) The preheated submicron aluminum titanium carbon boron seed material (containing 2-4% seed) is added at 740 ℃. Melting and stirring uniformly, and then cleaning for 8 minutes.
(22) Casting the aluminum liquid at 720 ℃.
(23) The casting process adopts nitrogen to carry out online degassing on the bottom of the filter box through air bricks with the aperture of 15-25 mu m.
The comparative materials 1 to 10 in Table 1 were prepared by the same methods as those for the die-casting aluminum alloy material 1, except for the differences listed in Table 2.
TABLE 2
The die casting method indicated in table 1 is specifically:
and (3) melting the aluminum alloy material, and then adopting high-pressure high-speed molding by a die casting machine to obtain the barrier gate transmission structural member, wherein the parameter of the linear shrinkage rate of the solidification of the aluminum liquid considered in the design of the die casting mold cavity is selected to be 0.5%.
Before die casting: the temperature (remelting temperature) of the aluminum melt is less than or equal to 780 ℃; the aluminum melt was degassed with argon or nitrogen for 15 minutes. Removing scum after degassing.
During die casting, the following steps are: the temperature of the aluminum liquid is 700 ℃; the temperature of the die casting mold is 200 ℃.
And the F-state barrier gate transmission structural member is prepared through die casting.
The precision forging method indicated in table 1 is: and adopting an investment precision casting method for the A3 steel.
The forged steel method indicated in table 1 is: the A3 steel is subjected to die forging.
The semi-solid die casting method indicated in table 1 is: the A356 aluminum melt with the temperature between the liquid phase and the solid phase is formed by adopting a rheologic die casting method.
The state "F" indicated in table 1 is: and the natural state of the workpiece after molding.
The state "T4" indicated in table 1 is: after the workpiece is formed, solution treatment and natural aging are carried out.
The state "T5" indicated in table 1 is: and (5) after the workpiece is molded, artificial aging treatment is carried out.
The state "T6" indicated in table 1 is: after the workpiece is formed, solution treatment and artificial complete aging treatment are carried out.
The state "T7" indicated in table 1 is: after the workpiece is formed, solution treatment and artificial overaging treatment are carried out.
The barrier drive structural members obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 17 were subjected to press bending and press breaking tests.
1. The bending and breaking test method comprises the following steps: the middle part of the structural member is pressurized and tested in a hydraulic mode, and the loaded load is the load when the bending deformation and fracture are started. The common barrier gate transmission structural member is required to be not lower than 100MPa in bending deformation and not lower than 150MPa in fracture.
2. The assembled whole barrier gate is subjected to fatigue resistance test, and is continuously operated around the clock to test the service life of structural members of the transmission mechanism. The fatigue test requirement of the road gate transmission structural member of the expressway reaches more than 1000 ten thousand times.
3. The calculation method of the production and manufacturing cost coefficient comprises the following steps: the specific production and manufacturing cost is affected by price fluctuation of materials, procedures and the like in different time periods, and the absolute value comparison is difficult to reasonably reflect the difference comparison. The cost of precision casting of the A3 steel with the highest production and manufacturing cost in the same period is adopted as a coefficient 1, and the other production and manufacturing costs are compared with the coefficient to obtain respective production and manufacturing cost coefficients, so that the relative comparison can reasonably reflect the relative difference proportion between the production and manufacturing costs.
The test results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
In summary, in combination with table 1, it can be seen that the barrier transmission structural members prepared in embodiments 1 to 5 of the present invention can meet the requirement of the pressurization performance test in 5 different states, and in combination with fig. 1, it can be seen that the photographs of the barrier transmission structural members prepared in embodiment 1 of the present invention are shown. Referring to fig. 2, a photograph of a prototype of the internal structure test of the installed barrier gate driving structure prepared in example 1 of the present invention can be seen.
After the transmission structural member of the barrier gate prepared by the embodiment 1-5 is assembled on the transmission mechanism of the barrier gate, the transmission structural member is still in normal operation after continuous running test for more than 1500 ten thousand times around the clock, and the transmission structural member is not deformed, broken and severely worn, so that the high-end application requirement of the highway for more than 1000 ten thousand times is met. And the production efficiency is higher, and manufacturing cost is lower, and especially F state has the advantage of manufacturing cost more.
In comparative examples 1 to 7, after the components of the die-cast aluminum alloy material were changed, they were made to fail to meet the formulation requirements, or to fail to meet the constraint conditions, or to fail to meet the requirements of high-end applications, after some additives were added, the buckling and crushing properties were reduced to different extents, while still meeting the requirements of the test indicators, the operational life test only reached the requirements of the mid-end application indicators.
In comparative examples 8 to 10, although the components of the aluminum alloy materials meet the requirements, the preparation process requirements are changed, the bending and breaking performances are reduced to different degrees, and although the requirements of the test indexes are still met, the operation life test only meets the requirements of the middle-end application indexes and does not meet the requirements of the high-end application.
In comparative examples 11 to 12, the precision casting or forging method of A3 steel was adopted, and all the indexes meet the performance requirements, but the production efficiency was low, the manufacturing cost was very high, and especially the precision casting cost was the highest. The manufacturing cost of the embodiment 1-5 of the invention is lower, about 1/3 of that of the A3 steel which is precisely cast, and the invention can use a die casting mode, thus the production efficiency is higher.
In comparative example 13, ADC12 was used as a die casting raw material, and each index performance was very poor.
In comparative examples 14 to 17, an a356 aluminum alloy material was used as a raw material, which was superior in performance to ADC12, and in particular, the fatigue resistance was relatively low, the operating life was only required for low-end application, the difference from the high-end application was large, and the manufacturing cost of semi-solid die casting was relatively high, as compared with ADC12, which was achieved by the bending and breaking performance test of semi-solid die casting.
In summary, it can be seen that the invention provides a die-casting aluminum alloy material which can be used for producing structural members of a highway barrier gate transmission mechanism, can meet the requirements of the barrier gate transmission structural members on high toughness and long fatigue resistance service life, and has lighter weight, lower manufacturing cost and higher production efficiency compared with the prior precision cast steel or forged steel.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather is intended to cover any equivalents of the structures disclosed herein or modifications in the equivalent processes, or any application of the structures disclosed herein, directly or indirectly, in other related arts.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the die-casting aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, adding 91-95% of aluminum ingots and all silicon, melting, heating to 800-830 ℃, cleaning for 30-40 minutes, and purifying for the first time to remove slag;
s2, adding the preheated 50% manganese additive at 800-830 ℃, stirring and melting, then cleaning for 10-20 minutes, adding the rest of the preheated 50% manganese additive and titanium additive, stirring and melting, and cleaning for 10-20 minutes;
s3, adding the rest 5-9% of aluminum ingots for melting, adjusting the temperature of the aluminum liquid to 740-760 ℃ and performing secondary purification and deslagging;
s4, adopting argon or nitrogen as carrier gas, adding a granular sodium-free refining agent according to the addition amount of 0.1-0.2% for refining and purifying, and then carrying out third purification and deslagging;
s5, adding preheated magnesium metal, melting and uniformly stirring, and cleaning for 5-10 minutes;
s6, adding a preheated intermediate alloy at the controlled temperature of 740-760 ℃, wherein the intermediate alloy contains rare earth Ce and rare earth La or contains Ce, la and other required alloy elements, adjusting the Ce/La ratio to be within the range of constraint conditions of 1.2-1.8, melting and uniformly stirring, cleaning for 10-15 minutes, degassing for 5-10 minutes by adopting argon or nitrogen, sampling and checking components, and ensuring that the components meet the requirements: si:8.5-12.0%; fe: less than or equal to 0.25 percent; cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; mn:0.5-1.0%; mg:0.3-0.7%; zn: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; ti:0.01-0.3%; b: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; cr: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; ce:0.01-0.03%; la:0.006-0.02%; ca: less than or equal to 0.002%; pb: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; sn: less than or equal to 0.01 percent; cd: less than or equal to 0.01 percent; the single content of other unavoidable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, the sum is: less than or equal to 0.15 percent; the balance of Al;
s7, adding the pre-heated P-copper intermediate alloy with the P content of 8.3% when the temperature is controlled between 740 and 760 ℃, adjusting the P/Ga ratio to be less than or equal to 0.05, and cleaning for 10 to 20 minutes after melting; sampling and checking components, and ensuring that the components meet the following conditions: ga:0.01-0.04%; p:0.0005-0.002%;
s8, degassing the aluminum liquid by adopting argon or nitrogen until a sampling inspection pinhole reaches 1 level;
s9, uniformly adding the preheated aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy into the furnace when the temperature of the aluminum liquid is between 730 and 750 ℃, cleaning for 10 to 20 minutes, sampling and checking components, and ensuring that the components meet the following conditions: sr:0.008-0.045%, degassing the aluminum liquid for 20-30 min by adopting argon or nitrogen, and purifying and deslagging for the fourth time;
s10, adding the preheated submicron aluminum titanium carbon boron seed crystal material at 720-750 ℃, melting and uniformly stirring, then cleaning for 5-10 minutes, and casting the aluminum liquid at 710-750 ℃.
2. The method for preparing die-casting aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the submicron-order aluminum titanium carbon boron seed crystal material is added in the following amount: 0.1-1%.
3. The method for producing a die-cast aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the casting process uses argon or nitrogen gas to perform on-line degassing at the bottom of the filter box through 15-25 μm-diameter air bricks.
4. The method of producing an aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum liquid is cleaned for 5 to 10 minutes before each cleaning except for specific regulations.
5. The method for producing an aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein the bouncing height of the aluminum liquid is less than 15cm when the aluminum melt in the furnace is degassed by argon or nitrogen.
6. The method of producing an aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein the gas pressure is between 0.15 and 0.25MPa when the aluminum melt in the furnace is degassed with argon or nitrogen.
7. A preparation method of a barrier gate transmission structural member is characterized in that the barrier gate transmission structural member is obtained by die casting an aluminum alloy material prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1-6, and the linear shrinkage rate parameter of solidification of aluminum liquid considered in die casting mold cavity design is 0.4-0.6%.
8. The method of manufacturing a barrier drive structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein, prior to die casting: controlling the temperature of the aluminum melt to be less than or equal to 780 ℃; and degassing the aluminum melt by adopting argon or nitrogen for 20-30 minutes, and removing scum after degassing.
9. The method for manufacturing a barrier gate drive structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein, in die casting: controlling the temperature of the die casting aluminum liquid to 680-720 ℃; the temperature of the die casting die is 200-250 ℃.
10. The method for manufacturing a barrier drive structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein, in die casting: when the Mg content in the die-cast aluminum melt is reduced to be lower than 0.3 percent due to burning loss, the metal magnesium is required to be added, so that the magnesium content is ensured to be 0.3-0.7 percent;
during die casting, the following steps are: when the Sr content in the die-cast aluminum melt is reduced to 0.008 percent due to burning loss, an aluminum strontium intermediate alloy needs to be added, so that the Sr content is ensured to be 0.008-0.045 percent.
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