CN115893950A - Improved curing agent for reinforcing powdery clay and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Improved curing agent for reinforcing powdery clay and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115893950A CN115893950A CN202211587870.4A CN202211587870A CN115893950A CN 115893950 A CN115893950 A CN 115893950A CN 202211587870 A CN202211587870 A CN 202211587870A CN 115893950 A CN115893950 A CN 115893950A
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002148 Gellan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000216 gellan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010492 gellan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001938 Vegetable gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000533950 Leucojum Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
An improved curing agent for reinforcing powdery clay and a preparation method thereof, wherein the improved curing agent is prepared by proportioning a main curing agent, an external doping agent and a hydrating agent. The preparation method of the silty clay modified solidified soil comprises the following steps: pretreating powdery clay; sequentially adding the main curing agent and the additive, and stirring and mixing; adding a glue solution prepared from water, water glass and PAM (polyacrylamide) into the cement mixture and stirring the mixture to form a cement mixture; putting the cement soil mixture into a mould for compaction molding; and curing to a specified age at a certain temperature and humidity to obtain the silty clay modified solidified soil. The method solves the problem of reinforcing and treating powdery clay in south, increases the cohesive force among soil particles, realizes solidification of the soil body, improves the microstructure of the soil body and increases the strength of the soil body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an improved curing agent for reinforcing powdery clay and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of curing agents.
Background
The silty clay stratum is distributed in large area in the eastern coastal area of China and along the inland rivers and lakes, and has the characteristics of strong water sensitivity, difficult compaction, poor structure and low strength. With the rapid development of urban construction in China, the cement mixing pile construction technology is widely applied to building foundation construction. The cement mixing pile is an effective form of soft foundation treatment, and is characterized by that it uses cement as main agent of solidifying agent, and utilizes the mixing pile machine to spray cement into soil body and fully mix them so as to make cement and soil produce a series of physical and chemical reactions and make the soft soil be hardened and hardened so as to raise foundation strength. However, many practical projects show that when soft soil such as loose and unstable silty clay is encountered, the traditional cement-cured silty clay is easy to have the problems of low strength, slow effect, difficulty in forming piles and the like in the construction process of the mixing pile, and the development of a series of engineering construction is greatly hindered.
Aiming at the technology of improving the soil property by adding a curing agent, the publication No. CN107572954A provides a red clay curing agent and a using method thereof, the cured red clay cured and improved by the red clay curing agent has good curing performance, low material cost and good technical and economic effects. The notice number CN110510907A provides an environment-friendly clay curing agent, a preparation method and a use method thereof, when the provided curing agent is applied to clay reinforcement, the obtained cured soil can meet the construction requirements of a roadbed bottom layer and a waterproof layer, the engineering construction cost can be greatly saved, the construction quality is improved, and the construction progress is accelerated. The publication number CN114573305A provides a preparation method and application of a collapsible loess curing agent, and the cured loess has the characteristics of no collapsible property, low permeability, high forming strength and high strength, and has great application value for buildings using loess as a main soil body and backfill of pavement foundation pits.
The feasibility of adding the curing agent to the field of curing soft and weak viscous soil is proved, but the research on curing improvement of the silty clay in southern areas is less, and the traditional curing agent easily causes the intensity of the silty clay after curing to be lower, so that the pile is difficult to form. For the physicochemical properties and characteristics of the silty clay in southern areas, it is necessary to provide a curing agent suitable for the silty clay and to improve the strength of the cured silty clay.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an improved curing agent for reinforcing powdered clay and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems that the traditional curing agent is easy to cause the low strength of the powdered clay after curing, difficult pile forming and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the improved curing agent for reinforcing the powdery clay is prepared from a main curing agent, an external doping agent and a hydrating agent in proportion.
The main curing agent comprises cement and sand, wherein the mass ratio of the cement to the sand is 1:1, the mixing amount of the cement is 24wt%, and the mixing amount of the sand is 24wt%; the cement is ordinary portland cement, and is 42.5 in the reference number; the sand is natural river sand, the fineness modulus is 3.32, and the water-cement ratio is 1.5.
The admixture comprises quicklime and gellan gum; wherein the mass ratio of the quicklime to the gellan gum is (2-5): (0.5-2). The quicklime mainly comprises
It is white and grey powder, and the content of calcium oxide after burning is not lower than 98%. The gellan gum is SH-1 type vegetable gum with the specification of 400 meshes.
The hydrating agent comprises water glass and PAM, wherein the mass ratio of the water glass to the PAM is (2-8) to (3-10). The PAM is polyacrylamide, and the main component is (C) 3 H 5 NO) n (ii) a The water glass is sodium silicate aqueous solution, and the main component is
。
Under the alkaline environment, anion groups of the PAM are combined with mineral cations in clay particles through electron adsorption force to form a sol film which is attached to the surface of the clay particles and forms a thin and hardened film along with the evaporation of water.
The proportion of the main curing agent, the admixture and the hydrating agent is 48 (2.5-7) to 5-18 by mass.
The invention relates to a preparation method of improved solidified soil for reinforcing silty clay, which comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreating powdery clay to obtain primary pretreated powdery clay
(1) Fully drying the powdery clay for more than 8 hours in an environment of about 105 ℃.
(2) Grinding and crushing the dried powdery clay, sieving to remove impurities with large particle size to obtain a powdery soil sample with uniform properties, and placing the powdery clay sample in a dry and sealed environment for later use; the particle size of the pretreated silty clay is not more than 5mm.
And S2, sequentially adding the pretreated powdery clay in the step S1 into a main curing agent and an external additive in a certain proportion, and fully stirring and mixing for 2-3min. The proportion of the main curing agent accounts for 48wt% of the dry mass of the improved residue soil, and the proportion of the quicklime and the gellan gum in the admixture accounts for (2-5): 0.5-2) wt% of the dry mass of the improved residue soil.
S3, weighing water accounting for 30wt% of the dry mass of the improved residue soil according to the water-cement ratio of 1.5, adding water glass and PAM according to a certain proportion, and fully stirring for 2-3min by using a stirrer to obtain obvious flocculence in the water. The water glass and PAM account for (2-8): 3-10) wt% of the dry mass of the improved residue soil.
And S4, stirring the glue solution obtained in the step S3 and the mixed soil obtained in the step S2 in a stirrer for about 15 min.
And S5, pouring the cement soil mixture obtained in the step S4 into a standard cube mold, and fully vibrating and molding on a vibrating table.
And S6, standing and curing the sample obtained in the step S5 at the temperature of 20 +/-5 ℃ and the relative humidity of not less than 95% for 48 hours, then removing the mold, and curing to a specified age to obtain the powdery clay modified solidified soil.
The working principle of the invention is as follows, the sand particles are used as the main curing agent, a cascade network is formed under the condition that cementation is generated in the hydration process, the sand particles are used as the center, and other components are optimally matched, so that the formed structure has high stability and simultaneously shows higher strength.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the biological preparation gellan gum is used as an external admixture, is an organic and degradable biopolymer, is environment-friendly, and can form the biopolymer in soil and form double helix hydrogel among soil particles, thereby greatly increasing the bonding strength among the soil particles. The added water glass and the quicklime have the effect of improving the pH value of the soil, so that the solution calcium hydroxide in pores of the improved solidified soil is kept in a saturated state, and the hydration reaction is effectively promoted. Meanwhile, the water glass reacts with the calcium hydroxide to generate gel hydrated calcium silicate, so that the cement hydration time can be prolonged and the pH value of soil can be increased. The invention adopts PAM as a hydrating agent, has the functions of increasing cohesion among soil particles and solidifying soil, and can also improve the microstructure of cement and increase the strength of the cement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the powdery clay curing agent and the method of using the same according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is an SEM (scanning electron microscope) image at age 28d (× 8000);
in the figure: 1 is an ettringite crystal; 2 is calcium silicate hydrate gel.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the flow chart of fig. 1 and the specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples listed.
Example 1
An improved curing agent for reinforcing silty clay, the mixing amount of a main curing agent is 4.8kg, the ratio of sand to cement is 1:1, and the water cement ratio is 1.5; the mixing amount of the tragic agent is 0.4kg, wherein the proportion of the quicklime and the gellan gum is 1:1, the mixing amount of the hydrating agent is 1.3kg, and the proportion of the water glass and the PAM is 8:5. Added to 10kg of mealy clay.
Example 2
An improved curing agent for reinforcing silty clay, the mixing amount of a main curing agent is 4.8kg, the ratio of sand to cement is 1:1, and the water cement ratio is 1.5; the mixing amount of the tragic agent is 0.6kg, wherein the proportion of the quicklime to the gellan gum is 2:1; the mixing amount of the hydrating agent is 0.7kg, wherein the ratio of the water glass to the PAM is 4:3. Added to 10kg of mealy clay.
Example 3
An improved curing agent for reinforcing silty clay, the mixing amount of a main curing agent is 4.8kg, wherein the proportion of sand to cement is 1:1, and the water cement ratio is 1.5; the mixing amount of the tragic agent is 1kg, wherein the proportion of the quicklime and the gellan gum is 1:1; the mixing amount of the hydrating agent is 1.5kg, wherein the ratio of the water glass to the PAM is 8:7. Added to 10kg of powdery clay.
Comparative example 1
An improved curing agent for reinforcing silty clay, the mixing amount of a main curing agent is 4.8kg, the ratio of sand to cement is 1:1, and the water cement ratio is 1.5; the mixing amount of the external agent is 0kg, and the mixing amount of the hydrating agent is 0kg. Added to 10kg of powdery clay.
The method for preparing the improved solidified soil by using the improved curing agent for the silty clay reinforcement treatment in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example 1 comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Fully drying the powdery clay for more than 8 hours at the temperature of about 105 ℃, crushing after drying, and sieving by a 5mm sieve to remove large-particle-size impurities to obtain a powdery soil sample with uniform properties.
(2) Weighing a certain amount of water according to the water-cement ratio of 1.5, sequentially adding the water glass and the gellan gum into the water according to the set content, and stirring for 1-2min until the mixture is uniform to obtain a glue solution.
(3) And (2) placing the soil sample obtained in the step (1) in a stirrer, and sequentially adding the cement and the admixture components to be fully stirred and mixed for 2-3min. And (3) adding the glue solution obtained in the step (2), and fully stirring for about 15min until the mixture is uniform to obtain the cement-soil mixture.
(4) And (4) putting the cement soil mixture obtained in the step (3) into a mold from bottom to top, starting a vibration table to operate for 1min when the sample is filled to one third, finishing the mold filling work by three times in sequence, wherein the total tap time is not less than 3min, then carrying out troweling treatment on the surface of the sample, and covering a plastic film to avoid evaporation of water in the sample.
(5) And (3) standing the sample obtained in the step (4) at the temperature of 20 +/-5 ℃ for 48h, demolding, and curing under standard curing conditions (the temperature is 20 +/-5 ℃ and the relative humidity is 95%) until the sample reaches a specified age to obtain the improved solidified soil.
Dividing the samples to be tested with the same proportion into two groups, maintaining the 1 st group under the standard maintenance condition for 7d, measuring the unconfined compressive strength of the samples, and maintaining the 2 nd group under the standard maintenance condition for 28d, measuring the unconfined compressive strength of the samples.
The test results are shown in table 1, comparing the conventional hardened cement soil with the modified hardened soil provided in this example.
The unconfined compressive strength shows that the curing effect of the invention is obviously better than that of the traditional curing effect, and the improved curing agent obviously improves the engineering properties of loose structure, poor stability and the like of the powdery clay.
The microstructure of the curing effect of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2. When the sample is magnified 4000 times, as is clear from fig. 2, the pore distance between the particles in the sample is significantly reduced, and the shape of the sample particles changes from a dispersed state to an agglomerated state after the above-mentioned steps. The calcium silicate hydrate gel 2 is in the form of an overall snowflake. The ettringite crystal 1 has a short and thick shape and is distributed across the plate-like structure. The soil particles are mainly of a blocky structure, and a large number of short and coarse ettringite crystals 1 are filled in the pores of the soil body, so that the pores of the soil body are very small. And the calcium silicate hydrate gel 2 and the ettringite crystal 1 are combined with each other, so that the soil body is more compact and firmer. Therefore, the improvement effect of various external doping agents on the powdery clay is relatively better under the condition of reasonable proportion.
In conclusion, by selecting a reasonable formula of the powdery clay curing agent and referring to the test steps of the invention, the powdery clay can be better reinforced, the safety is higher, the speed of engineering construction is increased, and the powdery clay curing agent is particularly suitable for reinforcing the cohesive soil layer. Several equivalent substitutions or obvious modifications, with the same properties or uses, without departing from the inventive concept should be considered by the skilled person within the scope of protection defined by the claims filed with the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. An improved curing agent for reinforcing powdery clay is characterized in that the curing agent is prepared by proportioning a main curing agent, an external doping agent and a hydrating agent; the proportion of the main curing agent, the admixture and the hydrating agent is 48 (2.5-7) to 5-18 by mass;
the main curing agent comprises cement and sand, wherein the mass ratio of the cement to the sand is 1:1; the mixing amount of the cement is 24wt%, and the mixing amount of the sand is 24wt%; the cement is ordinary portland cement, and is 42.5 in the reference number; the sand is natural river sand, the fineness modulus is 3.32, and the water-cement ratio is 1.5;
the external admixture comprises quicklime and gellan gum; wherein the mass ratio of the quicklime to the gellan gum is (2-5) to (0.5-2); the quicklime mainly comprises
The calcium oxide powder is white grey powder, and the content of calcium oxide after ignition is not lower than 98 percent; the gellan gum is SH-1 type vegetable gum with the specification of 400 meshes;
the hydrating agent comprises water glass and PAM; wherein the mass ratio of the water glass to the PAM is (2-8) to (3-10); the PAM is polyacrylamide and the component is (C) 3 H 5 NO) n (ii) a The water glass is sodium silicate aqueous solution and comprises the following components
。
2. The method for preparing the improved solidified soil by using the improved solidifying agent for the silty clay reinforcement treatment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreating powdery clay to obtain primary pretreated powdery clay:
fully drying the powdery clay for more than 8 hours at the temperature of 105 ℃; grinding and crushing the dried powdery clay, sieving to remove impurities with large particle size to obtain a powdery soil sample with uniform properties, and placing the powdery clay sample in a dry and sealed environment for later use; the particle size of the pretreated powdery clay is not more than 5mm;
s2, sequentially adding the pretreated powdery clay obtained in the step S1 into a main curing agent and an external additive in a certain proportion, and fully stirring and mixing for 2-3min;
s3, weighing a certain amount of water according to the water-cement ratio of 1.5, adding a certain proportion of water glass and PAM, and fully stirring for 2-3min by using a stirrer to obtain obvious flocculence in the water;
s4, stirring the glue solution obtained in the step S3 and the mixed soil obtained in the step S2 in a stirrer for 15min;
s5, pouring the cement soil mixture obtained in the step S4 into a standard cube mold, and fully vibrating and molding on a vibrating table;
and S6, standing and maintaining the sample obtained in the step S5 for 48 hours at the temperature of 20 +/-5 ℃ and the relative humidity of not less than 95%, then removing the mold, and maintaining to a specified age to obtain the silty clay modified solidified soil.
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- 2022-12-12 CN CN202211587870.4A patent/CN115893950A/en active Pending
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| Title |
|---|
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| 冯美军等，中国海洋大学出版社: "《公路边坡生态恢复及防护技术》", vol. 1, 30 April 2014, pages: 165 * |
| 张俊然等: "3种生物聚合物改良粉土的持水特性研究", 《岩土力学》, vol. 43, no. 8, 10 August 2022 (2022-08-10), pages 2157 - 2164 * |
| 李国玉等，兰州大学出版社: "《季节冻土区黄土路基多次湿陷机理及防治技术》", vol. 1, 30 April 2022, pages: 226 * |
| 高常辉等: "水泥砂浆固化粉质黏土分离式Hopkinson压杆试验与分析", 《复合材料学报》, vol. 35, no. 6, 30 June 2018 (2018-06-30), pages 1629 - 1635 * |
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