CN115887990A - Human body emergency heat protection method - Google Patents
Human body emergency heat protection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115887990A CN115887990A CN202211384885.0A CN202211384885A CN115887990A CN 115887990 A CN115887990 A CN 115887990A CN 202211384885 A CN202211384885 A CN 202211384885A CN 115887990 A CN115887990 A CN 115887990A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a human body emergency heat protection method, which is characterized in that a hydrogel injection device is used for quickly generating composite hydrogel with proper fluidity and good adhesion, the composite hydrogel is injected to a protected crowd at a large flow rate, short-time heat protection is implemented by utilizing the excellent heat insulation and cooling properties of the composite hydrogel, and the method has the advantages of simplicity, flexibility, low cost, long shelf life, no need of special personnel training, no need of complex time-consuming wearing and the like, and is very suitable for application scenes of large-scale crowds, emergency or short-time high-temperature operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a human body emergency thermal protection method, and belongs to the technical field of labor protection and thermal insulation protection.
Background
In working scenes such as high-temperature operation and fire rescue, radiant heat is one of the main causes of personnel and casualties, for example, more than 80% of total heat energy of flame combustion is heat radiation. Therefore, thermal radiation protective clothing is one of the most widely used protective clothing. The thermal radiation protective clothing is also called as a thermal insulation clothing, which is a protective clothing capable of preventing the clothing from being ignited or slowing down and stopping combustion when contacting flame or glowing objects, is mainly applied to the fields of metallurgical chemical industry, energy industry, food processing, accident rescue, fire fighting, military safety and the like at present, can protect personnel operating in a high-temperature environment for a long time, reduces the heating rate of a human body, prevents burn or burn, and gives time for the protected personnel to react or escape.
According to the heat conduction mechanism, the conventional thermal insulation suit mainly adopts barrier type thermal insulation and reflection type thermal insulation materials. The traditional flame-retardant outer layer adopts asbestos/cotton as a raw material, and belongs to a barrier type material. Aluminum metal emissive coating thermal apparel has become the mainstream product in recent years because asbestos is harmful to humans, while aluminum has a strong heat reflectivity and a light weight. In addition, new flame-retardant fabrics (barrier type) made of advanced fiber materials such as Nomex and Kevlar are also occupying a larger and larger market share. The heat insulation suit belongs to special protective equipment, has the characteristics of high price, limited quantity, complex wearing, special training, regular maintenance and the like, is special equipment for high-temperature working professionals, and cannot meet the public protective requirements in a heat radiation area range. However, in many emergencies or emergencies such as explosion accident rescue, fire fighting and the like, simple, convenient and reliable temporary heat insulation and cooling means aiming at larger groups are often needed urgently, the requirements are at any time, anywhere and at will, the operation is simple, the cost is low, and the instant heat insulation protection for large-scale groups is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of lack of temporary group heat insulation protection means, the invention provides a quick, simple and convenient human body emergency heat protection method with low cost and excellent short-term protection effect.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a device for rapidly generating hydrogel from composite hydrogel dry powder and spraying the hydrogel in a large flow, which mainly comprises: compressed gas cylinder, first high-pressurepipe, dry powder jar, second high-pressurepipe, water pitcher, hybrid tube and shower nozzle, wherein, compressed gas cylinder is connected with the dry powder jar through first high-pressurepipe, and the dry powder jar passes through the second high-pressurepipe and is connected with the water pitcher, and the hybrid tube entry end that the water pitcher is inside to be set up is connected with second high-pressurepipe, and the hybrid tube is the inlet end diameter slightly big, the diameter of exit end diameter is little reducing opening pipe, evenly sets up the hole that supplies the dry powder to pass through on its lateral wall, and the water pitcher bottom sets up the shower nozzle.
The invention provides a method for carrying out heat insulation protection on a human body based on the device, which is characterized in that when in use, a compressed gas cylinder is opened, compressed gas in the compressed gas cylinder drives dry powder in a dry powder tank through a first high-pressure gas pipe, the dry powder enters a mixing pipe in a water tank through a second high-pressure gas pipe and then enters the water tank through a hole arranged on the side wall of the mixing pipe; in the process, a large amount of bubbles formed by the compressed gas in the water promote the dry powder to be quickly dispersed, uniformly mixed with the water and instantly absorbed to form hydrogel; when the pressure in the water tank reaches the set spraying working pressure, the spray head is opened, hydrogel is sprayed outwards through the spray head, personnel located within the distance range of 1.5-2.5m of the spray head can be effectively coated with the hydrogel, and short-term and efficient thermal protection is provided for a human body by utilizing the self-adhesion property and excellent heat insulation property of the hydrogel.
The invention provides hydrogel composite dry powder with quick gelation, strong adhesion and good thermal protection performance, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1) 85-95% of super absorbent resin; 2) 2-10% of heat insulation reinforcing component; 3) 2-5% of soluble salt component; 4) 0.05 to 1 percent of surfactant.
Preferably, the super absorbent resin is selected from one or a combination of more of polyacrylate, polyacrylamide and the like, the water absorption rate is more than 800, and the average particle size is 8-80 microns.
Preferably, the heat insulation enhancing component is selected from one or a combination of more of silicon oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, and the average grain diameter is 0.05-5 microns.
Preferably, the lyotropic salt component is one or a combination of more of ammonium phosphate salt, sodium carbonate and calcium chloride, and the average particle size is 8-20 microns.
Preferably, the surfactant is selected from one of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the average particle size is 8-20 microns.
The invention also provides the hydrogel with quick gel, strong adhesion and good thermal protection performance, the components of the composite dry powder are uniformly mixed and then mixed with water in a weight ratio of 200-500 times to quickly form the composite hydrogel, the surface of a human body is coated with the hydrogel with the thickness of 4mm, the human body can be ensured to endure more than 1 minute at the high temperature of 300 ℃, and the protection time can be prolonged by supplementing the coating at any time.
The composite hydrogel heat insulation cooling mechanism is similar to spontaneous perspiration cooling in the field of aerospace power, namely, a heat insulation layer with large heat capacity and low heat conductivity is attached to the surface of a human body, and the composite hydrogel layer rapidly changes phase and vaporizes to absorb a large amount of heat at high temperature. Practice shows that the cooling mode has extremely high heat insulation efficiency and good cooling effect.
Compared with a physical barrier heat conduction or heat radiation method of the thermal insulation suit, the human body heat protection method has the following outstanding advantages:
(1) The heat absorption efficiency of water evaporation phase change is far higher than the heat insulation efficiency of the traditional heat insulation material for blocking heat conduction and reflecting heat radiation, so that the hydrogel has extremely high short-time heat protection efficiency. The human body test result shows that the coating with the thickness of at least more than 4mm can protect the human body to bear the high temperature of 300 ℃ for more than 1 minute without damage.
(2) The novel multifunctional protective clothing is free of professional training, complex time-consuming wearing, simple, flexible, low in cost and excellent in short-time protection effect. The method is very suitable for application scenes such as large-scale crowds, emergency/short-time high-temperature operation and the like.
(3) The existing mixing design of the hydrogel spraying device for the gel dry powder obviously prolongs the storage period, is simple and convenient to operate and quick in reaction, can realize quick spraying of the hydrogel in an emergency state, and meets the application requirements of emergency state or short-time operation.
(4) The gel speed of the compound gel formula is high, common white cores are not easy to form, and the formed compound gel has excellent thermal protection performance and strong adhesiveness, and is safe and environment-friendly for human body use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spray device for composite hydrogel according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the spray effect of the composite hydrogel according to example 1 of the present invention (coating thickness 4 mm).
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the TPP test results (coating thickness 2 mm) of the composite hydrogel of example 2 according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the TPP test results (coating thickness 4 mm) of the composite hydrogel of example 2 according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows the flame ablated profile (coating thickness 4 mm) of the composite hydrogel of example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows the profile (coating thickness 4 mm) of the comparative example 2 composite hydrogel according to the present invention after flame ablation.
In figure 1, 1-compressed gas bottle, 2-first high-pressure gas pipe, 3-dry powder tank, 4-second high-pressure gas pipe, 5-water tank, 6-mixing pipe and 7-spray head.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings.
The heat insulation mechanism of the invention is that the composite hydrogel is used as a multiphase composite structure system, and a proper amount of insoluble solid particles are uniformly doped in the homogeneous hydrogel, so that the heat radiation can be efficiently shielded and the heat conduction can be prevented; the hydrogel has certain adhesiveness and can be attached to the skin of a human body and the surface of clothes; the hydrogel has hundreds of times of water content, so that the hydrogel has very low heat conductivity coefficient, ultrahigh heat capacity and overlarge evaporation surface area, and can quickly absorb heat and quickly cool in a high-temperature environment. Therefore, the hydrogel is sprayed on the surface of a human body to form a temporary heat insulation barrier for the human body, so that the common thermal radiation injury such as thermal stress, burn or burn of the human body can be effectively avoided in a short time, and precious time is gained for the operation or evacuation of personnel in a high-temperature environment.
With reference to fig. 1, the present invention provides a device and a method for spraying composite hydrogel dry powder into hydrogel, wherein the device mainly comprises: compressed gas cylinder (containing relief pressure valve) 1, first high-pressurepipe 2, dry powder jar 3, second high-pressurepipe 4, water pitcher 5, hybrid tube 6 and shower nozzle 7, wherein, compressed gas cylinder 1 is connected with dry powder jar 3 through first high-pressurepipe 2, dry powder jar 3 is connected with water pitcher 5 through second high-pressurepipe 4, the 6 entry ends of the hybrid tube that water pitcher 5 inside set up are connected with second high-pressurepipe 4, hybrid tube 6 is that the entry end diameter is slightly big, the hole shrinkage opening pipe that the exit end diameter is slightly little, evenly set up the hole that supplies the dry powder to pass through on its lateral wall, water pitcher 5 bottom sets up shower nozzle 7.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to obtain a good spray state of the gas-powder two-phase flow at the outlet of the dry powder tank 3, the pipe diameter of the first high pressure gas pipe 2 is smaller than that of the second high pressure gas pipe 4, and the pipe diameter ratio is 0.5-0.7.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to maintain the injection velocity of the gas-powder two-phase flow at the inlet end of the mixing tube 6, the tube diameter of the second high-pressure gas tube 4 is equal to the tube diameter at the inlet end of the mixing tube 6.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, in order to further improve the instantaneous mixing efficiency of the dry powder and the water, the mixing pipe 6 adopts a reducing design with a slightly larger inlet end diameter and a slightly smaller outlet end diameter, and the diameter ratio of the inlet end to the outlet section is 1.1-1.2.
In order to achieve a high injection rate at a low injection pressure, the nozzle head 7 is of a laval structure as a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the opening mode of the spray head 7 is an automatic spraying mode of a constant pressure rupture disk in order to improve the emergency spraying efficiency and simplify the operation procedure.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the total volume of the compressed gas in the compressed gas cylinder 1 to the volume of the water tank 5 is 12 to 14 in order to improve the injection efficiency and avoid the hydrogel residue.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, nitrogen is used as the compressed gas in the compressed gas cylinder 1.
According to the invention, the composite hydrogel with proper fluidity and good adhesiveness is quickly generated by the hydrogel injection device, and is injected to a protected crowd at a large flow, and short-time thermal protection is implemented by utilizing the excellent heat insulation and cooling performances of the composite hydrogel.
The prepared hydrogel has short shelf life, the dry powder and the water are separately stored for standby, and the existing mixing design can obviously prolong the service life when in use; the viscosity of the hydrogel is high, and the nozzle with the Laval structure can realize a large-flow injection effect.
The invention also provides a method for spraying the composite hydrogel dry powder into hydrogel at present so as to implement heat insulation protection on a human body, wherein when the method is used, the compressed gas bottle 1 is opened, the compressed gas in the compressed gas bottle 1 drives the dry powder in the dry powder tank 3 through the first high-pressure gas pipe 2, and the dry powder enters the mixing pipe 6 in the water tank 5 through the high-second high-pressure gas pipe 4 and then enters the water tank 5 through the hole arranged on the side wall of the mixing pipe 6; in the process, a large amount of bubbles formed by the compressed gas in the water promote the dry powder to be rapidly dispersed, uniformly mixed with the water and instantly absorbed to form hydrogel; when the pressure in the water tank 5 reaches the set spraying working pressure (the set spraying working pressure is 1.0-1.2 MPa), the spray head 7 is opened, hydrogel is sprayed outwards through the spray head 7, and people positioned within the distance range of 1.5-2.5m of the spray head can be effectively coated with the hydrogel, so that short-term and efficient thermal protection is obtained.
Example 1
According to the formulation of example 1 in table 1, the raw materials of each component were mixed uniformly, and the obtained hydrogel composite dry powder was added to a powder tank in a hydrogel spray device and sprayed according to the method described above.
The hydrogel morphology formed is shown in FIG. 2.
The powder and water tanks were inspected after spraying, resulting in no residual dry powder in the powder tank and substantially no residual hydrogel in the water tank.
Example 2
According to the formulation of example 2 in table 1, the raw materials of each component were mixed uniformly, and the obtained hydrogel composite dry powder was added to a powder tank in a hydrogel spray device and sprayed according to the method described above.
The hydrogel morphology and the spray duration were similar to those of example 1. The thermal protective performance TPP test was performed on the hydrogel and the results are shown in fig. 3 and 4.
The 4mm hydrogel remained intact after 60s flame ablation, and the topography photograph is shown in fig. 5.
The powder and water tanks were inspected after spraying, resulting in no residual dry powder in the powder tank and substantially no residual hydrogel in the water tank.
Comparative example 1
According to the formula of comparative example 1 in table 1, the raw materials of each component were mixed uniformly, and the obtained hydrogel composite dry powder was added to a powder tank in a hydrogel spray device and sprayed according to the aforementioned method.
The hydrogel formed was not as adherent as in example 1, and the spray duration was significantly lower than in example 1.
The powder tank and the water tank after spraying are checked, and the result is that a small amount of residual dry powder exists in the powder tank, and more white core rubber blocks remain at the bottom of the water tank to block a nozzle. White-cored slabs are the result of incomplete dry powder gelation.
Comparative example 2
According to the formula of comparative example 2 in table 1, the raw materials of each component are uniformly mixed, and the obtained hydrogel composite dry powder is added into a powder tank in a hydrogel spraying device and sprayed according to the method.
The hydrogel morphology formed and the spray duration were lower than in example 2.
4mm of hydrogel is obviously damaged after being ablated by 60s of flame, and the appearance picture is shown in figure 6.
Inspection of the powder and water tanks after spraying resulted in a small amount of residual dry powder in the powder tank and essentially no residual hydrogel in the water tank.
Table 1 composite dry powder formula components and mass fractions
Thermal Protective Performance (TPP) test
Given that the thermal protection properties of a hydrogel are directly related to its thickness, the thicker the hydrogel, the better the thermal protection properties. The TPP test was carried out by selecting the thickness of 2mm and 4mm of the hydrogel of example 2, respectively, according to the possible adhesion thickness of the hydrogel in the human body.
When coated with 2mm thick hydrogel (thin layer), the heat flow response curve intersects the Stoll standard curve at 12.7s (see FIG. 3), and the corresponding TPP test results are 1054.1kWs/m 2 . Is far higher than 28kW s/m specified in GA 10-2002' protective clothing for fire fighters 2 35kW s/m specified in GA634-2006 "protective clothing for thermal insulation of firefighters 2 And 126kW s/m specified in flame-retardant protective flame-retardant clothes in GB8965.1-2009 protective clothing 2 . The hydrogel has an excellent thermal protection effect, and the TPP performance index of the thin layer of hydrogel exceeds the national standard by several times.
Indicating that the thermal protective properties are significantly improved as the hydrogel coating film thickness is increased. When the thickness of the hydrogel coating film reaches 4mm, the heat flow response curve and the Stoll standard curve do not intersect completely (see figure 4), and the hydrogel coating film has excellent transient heat protection effect.
The hydrogel device with the two functions of mixing hydrogel at present and spraying hydrogel at a high flow rate sprays composite hydrogel with good adhesion to a human body, implements short-time and high-efficiency heat insulation protection on the human body through an action mechanism of phase change cooling, has the advantages of simplicity, flexibility, low cost, long quality guarantee period, no need of special personnel training, no need of complex time-consuming wearing, and is very suitable for application scenes such as large-scale crowds, emergency or short-time high-temperature operation and the like.
Claims (9)
1. The human body emergency thermal protection hydrogel composite dry powder is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 1) 85 to 95 percent of super absorbent resin; 2) 2 to 10 percent of heat insulation reinforcing component; 3) 2~5% lyotropic salt composition; 4) 0.05 to 1 percent of surfactant.
2. The composite dry powder of claim 1, wherein the super absorbent resin is one or more selected from polyacrylate and polyacrylamide, and has a water absorption rate of 800 or more and an average particle diameter of 8 to 80 microns.
3. The composite dry powder of claim 1, wherein the thermal insulation enhancing component is one or more selected from silicon oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, and the average particle size is 0.05 to 5 micrometers.
4. The composite dry powder of claim 1, wherein the lyotropic salt component is selected from one or more of ammonium phosphate, sodium carbonate and calcium chloride, and the average particle size is 8 to 20 microns.
5. The dry composite powder of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is selected from one of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the average particle size is 8 to 20 microns.
6. An emergency thermal protection hydrogel for a human body, which is characterized in that the hydrogel is quickly formed after the uniformly mixed composite dry powder as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is mixed with water in a weight ratio of 200 to 500 times.
7. The hydrogel according to claim 6, wherein the hydrogel is rapidly formed after the uniformly mixed composite dry powder is mixed with water in a weight ratio of 200 to 500 times, and the hydrogel is formed by the following devices:
the device mainly comprises: compressed gas cylinder, first high-pressurepipe, the dry powder jar, second high-pressurepipe, the water pitcher, hybrid tube and shower nozzle, wherein, compressed gas cylinder is connected with the dry powder jar through first high-pressurepipe, the dry powder jar passes through the second high-pressurepipe and is connected with the water pitcher, the inside hybrid tube entry end that sets up of water pitcher is connected with second high-pressurepipe, the hybrid tube is that the entry end diameter is a little big, the diameter-reducing opening pipe that the exit end diameter is slightly little, evenly set up the hole that supplies the dry powder to pass through on its lateral wall, the water pitcher bottom sets up the shower nozzle.
8. A method for emergency thermal protection of a human body, wherein the hydrogel according to claim 6 or 7 is coated on the surface of the human body to a thickness of at least 4mm, so that the human body can endure at 300 ℃ for more than 1 minute.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the hydrogel is applied to the surface of the human body to a thickness of at least 4mm by the following steps: opening a compressed gas cylinder, driving dry powder in a dry powder tank by compressed gas in the compressed gas cylinder through a first high-pressure gas pipe, enabling the dry powder to enter a mixing pipe in a water tank through a second high-pressure gas pipe, and enabling the dry powder to enter the water tank through a hole formed in the side wall of the mixing pipe; in the process, a large amount of bubbles formed by the compressed gas in the water promote the dry powder to be rapidly dispersed, uniformly mixed with the water and instantly absorb the water to form hydrogel; when the pressure in the water tank reaches the set spraying working pressure, the spray head is opened, the hydrogel is sprayed outwards through the spray head, personnel located within the range of 1.5-2.5m of the spray head can be effectively coated with the hydrogel, and short-time and high-efficiency thermal protection is provided for a human body by utilizing the self-adhesion property and excellent heat insulation property of the hydrogel.
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