CN115882548A - Charging system and method for lithium battery - Google Patents
Charging system and method for lithium battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN115882548A CN115882548A CN202211104418.8A CN202211104418A CN115882548A CN 115882548 A CN115882548 A CN 115882548A CN 202211104418 A CN202211104418 A CN 202211104418A CN 115882548 A CN115882548 A CN 115882548A
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to a charging system and a method of a lithium battery, the charging system comprises a charging device and a lithium battery pack, a charging loop and a communication loop are established between the charging device and the lithium battery pack, wherein the lithium battery pack comprises a battery core group and a Battery Management System (BMS), the battery management system receives the state of the battery core group, generates a charging command after judgment, sends the charging command to the charging device through the communication loop, enables the charging device to output the charging power supply with corresponding size according to the charging command, and charges the lithium battery pack through the charging loop; therefore, the Battery Management System (BMS) can control the charging operation, and selects a better charging current according to the instant situation of the battery core group, so that the battery core group can complete the charging operation efficiently and safely.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a charging system for a lithium battery, and more particularly, to a charging system for determining a proper charging method based on a current state of a lithium battery.
Background
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a conventional lithium battery charging system, which includes a charging device 300 and a rechargeable lithium battery pack 310. The charging device 300 is, for example, an energy station, a charging pile, a charging stand, a vehicle charger, and the like, and the lithium battery pack 310 is a battery of an electric vehicle, such as an electric motorcycle, an electric automobile, and the like.
The manner of the lithium battery pack 310 is completely dependent on the design of the charging device 300, and generally, the charging device 300 charges the lithium battery pack 310 using a fixed charging mode, such as a constant current charging method (CC) and a constant voltage charging method (CV). The charging device 300 determines to perform constant current charging or constant voltage charging on the lithium battery pack 310 according to the output voltage and the output current detected by its own output terminal, and generally performs constant current charging first, and then performs constant voltage charging after the voltage of the lithium battery pack 310 rises to a preset value.
However, if an abnormality occurs in the lithium battery pack 310 during charging, the charging device 300 adopting the fixed charging mode cannot cope with the abnormality even if appropriate. For example, if the temperature of the lithium battery pack 310 is too high, the battery cells of the lithium battery pack 310 may be rapidly degraded and the battery life may be reduced if the charging device 300 still charges the lithium battery pack with a large current. In addition, since the charging operation of the lithium battery pack 310 is completely determined by the charging device 300, the lithium battery pack 310 may be affected by the error of the charging device 300, and thus cannot be fully charged or overcharged.
Disclosure of Invention
[ problem to be solved by the invention ]
The invention provides a charging system and a charging method of a lithium battery, wherein the lithium battery pack sends a command to a charging device according to the state of the lithium battery pack, and the lithium battery pack is charged by adjusting the proper current.
[ means for solving problems ]
The invention provides a charging system of a lithium battery, comprising:
a charging device, comprising:
a control unit;
the charging circuit is connected with the control unit and used for outputting a charging power supply;
a communication unit connected with the control unit;
a lithium cell group, which is connected with the charging device to form a charging circuit, the lithium cell group receives the charging power supply by the charging circuit, wherein, the lithium cell group comprises:
a battery core group, which comprises a plurality of battery cores;
a battery management system, which comprises a communication module connected with the communication unit to form a communication loop;
the battery management system receives the state of the battery core pack, generates a charging command after judgment, sends the charging command to the charging device through the communication loop, enables the charging device to output the charging power supply with the corresponding size according to the charging command, and charges the lithium battery pack through the charging loop.
The invention provides a charging method of a lithium battery, which comprises the following steps:
s1, connecting the lithium battery pack with the charging device, and forming a charging loop and a communication loop between the lithium battery pack and the charging device;
s2, the battery management system receives the state of the battery core group and determines a charging command according to the state of the battery core group;
s3, the battery management system sends the charging command to the charging device through the communication loop, wherein the charging device outputs a charging power supply to the battery core group according to the charging command;
s4, the battery management system judges whether the electric power of the battery core group is fully charged, if not, the step S2 is executed repeatedly;
and S5, if the battery management system judges that the electric power of the battery core group is fully charged, the battery management system sends a finishing charging command to the charging device through the communication loop.
[ efficacy of the invention ]
The invention judges the current state of the battery core group by a Battery Management System (BMS) in the lithium battery pack, then determines a proper charging command, and sends the charging command to the charging device, the charging device is required to output proper current according to the charging command to charge the battery core group, the charging current can be adjusted according to the current state of the battery core group in the charging process, so that the battery core group can complete the charging operation efficiently and safely, and simultaneously, the invention can play the protection mechanism of stopping charging under the state of low temperature or high temperature, thereby prolonging the service life of the battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention relates to a circuit block diagram of a charging system of a lithium battery.
FIG. 2: a flow chart of a first embodiment of a method for charging a lithium battery according to the present invention.
FIG. 3A: the invention is a charging command curve diagram at-5 ℃,0 ℃ and 55 ℃.
FIG. 3B: the present invention is a charge command profile at a battery temperature between 5 ℃ and t <10 ℃.
FIG. 3C: the present invention is a charge command profile at a battery temperature between 10 ℃ and t <15 ℃.
FIG. 3D: the present invention is a charge command profile at a battery temperature between 15 ℃ and t <40 ℃.
FIG. 3E: the present invention is a charge command curve plot at a battery temperature between 40 ℃ and t <50 ℃.
FIG. 3F: the present invention is a charge command curve for a battery temperature between 50 ℃ and t <55 ℃.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of: a flow chart of a second embodiment of a method for charging a lithium battery according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of: a flow chart of a third embodiment of a method for charging a lithium battery according to the present invention.
FIG. 6A: the method is utilized to carry out the voltage change oscillogram of the actual charging measurement on the lithium battery pack.
FIG. 6B: the method is utilized to carry out the current change oscillogram of the actual charging measurement on the lithium battery pack.
FIG. 6C: the method is utilized to carry out actual measurement on the change waveform diagram of the battery electric quantity (SOC) of the lithium battery pack.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of: a block diagram of a conventional lithium battery charging system.
List of reference numerals
10 charging device
11 control unit
12 charging circuit
20 lithium battery pack
21, battery core group
22 Battery management System
221 communication module
222 temperature sensing module
223 Voltage sensing module
224 current sensing module
300 charging device
310 lithium battery pack
Charging circuit
B, communication loop.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, a lithium battery charging system of the present invention includes a charging device 10 and a lithium battery pack 20. The charging device 10 may be a charging device such as an energy station for exchanging batteries, a charging pile, a charging dock, a vehicle charger, etc., and includes a control unit 11, a charging circuit 12, and a communication unit 13 inside. Wherein, the control unit 11 is responsible for controlling the operation of the charging device 10; the charging circuit 12 is connected to the control unit 11 for outputting a charging power to the outside; the communication unit 13 is connected to the control unit 11, and is configured to communicate with the lithium battery pack 20 to establish a communication loop B and receive a charging command from the lithium battery pack 20.
The lithium battery pack 20 is connected to the charging device 10 to establish a charging loop a, and receives the charging power outputted from the charging device 10 through the charging loop a. The lithium battery pack 20 includes a battery cell pack 21 and a Battery Management System (BMS) 22. The battery pack 21 is composed of a plurality of battery cells, and the battery management system 22 is used for monitoring and managing the battery pack 21, wherein the battery management system 22 includes a communication module 221, a temperature sensing module 222, a voltage sensing module 223, and a current sensing module 224. The communication module 221 is correspondingly connected to the communication unit 13 of the charging device 10; the temperature sensing module 222, the voltage sensing module 223 and the current sensing module 224 detect the temperature, the voltage and the current of the battery core pack, respectively.
In the present invention, after the lithium battery pack 20 is connected to the charging device 10, the charging loop a and the communication loop B are established therebetween, the battery management system 22 outputs a charging command to the charging device 10 according to the sensed state obtained by sensing the battery cell pack 21, and requests the charging device 10 to output a charging power according to the charging command, and the detailed method flow is shown in fig. 2 and includes the following steps S21 to S25.
S21: the lithium battery pack 20 is connected to the charging device 10, wherein the charging circuit a between the lithium battery pack 20 and the charging device 10 can be connected by a wire (such as a charging wire), or can be connected by conductive contacts (contacts) to transmit power, and the communication circuit B can be wired or wireless, as long as both can transmit data.
S22: the battery management system 22 receives the state of the battery core pack 21 and determines a charging command according to the state, wherein the state of the battery core pack 21 may include the temperature and the battery charge (SOC), and the battery charge may be calculated according to the current and voltage of the battery core pack 21. The generation manner of the charge command is determined by the battery management system 22 looking up a built-in charge command curve, as shown in fig. 3A to 3F, wherein the horizontal axis coordinate of each graph represents the percentage of battery capacity (SOC) of the battery core pack 21, and the vertical axis coordinate represents the magnitude of the charge current to be output, and is expressed in units of charge-discharge rate (C-rate), which is related to the rated capacity of the battery, for example, charging a 100Ah battery, charging 1C represents charging 100A, and charging 0.5C represents charging 50A.
Fig. 3A represents the corresponding charging command when the temperature of the battery pack 21 is at three temperature values of-5 ℃,0 ℃ and 55 ℃, the curves of the charging command at the 3 temperatures are the same, that is, the current of the charging power supply is all 0, the charging device 10 does not output the charging current to the lithium battery pack 20 regardless of the battery capacity, and if the battery management system 22 determines that the current temperature of the battery pack 21 is greater than or equal to 0 ℃ and less than 5 ℃ (i.e., 0 ℃ and t <5 ℃), the charging current is not output to the lithium battery pack 20.
Taking fig. 3B as an example, if the battery management system 22 determines that the current temperature of the battery core assembly 21 is greater than or equal to 5 ℃ and less than 10 ℃ (i.e. 5 ℃ ≦ t <10 ℃), then the curve in fig. 3B is selected to determine the charging current with reference to the current battery capacity, for example, when the current battery capacity of the battery core assembly 21 is 40%, a charging command with a charging current of 0.4C (i.e. a C-rate of 40%) is output; if the temperature of the battery core pack 21 is still maintained in the same range (i.e., 5 ℃ ≦ t <10 ℃), but the battery capacity has risen to 70%, the charging command is converted to a request that the charging apparatus 10 output a charging current of 0.2C (i.e., a C-rate of 20%).
Similarly, the curve of fig. 3C is the charging command used at a temperature between 10 ℃ and t <15 ℃; the curve of fig. 3D is the charging command used for temperatures between 15 ℃ and t <40 ℃; the curve of fig. 3D is the charging command used for temperatures between 15 ℃ and t <40 ℃; the curve of fig. 3E is the charge command used at a temperature between 40 ℃ and t <50 ℃; and the curve of fig. 3F is the charging command used at a temperature between 50 ℃ and t <55 ℃, where fig. 3F is consistent with the curve of fig. 3E.
In the process of charging the battery core pack 21, the battery management system 22 will determine the temperature of the battery core pack 21 at any time and select a corresponding charging command curve, and the temperature endpoint values shown in fig. 3A to 3F of the present invention are only described as a preferred embodiment; the temperature endpoint values can be increased or decreased or changed as the case may be. The invention takes 0 ℃ as the low-temperature limit value, when the temperature of the battery core group 21 is lower than or equal to 0 ℃, the charging current is controlled to be 0, and the problem that the battery core material is damaged due to receiving large current when the battery core is in a low-temperature environment can be avoided. On the other hand, the present invention uses 55 ℃ as the upper limit of high temperature, when the temperature of the battery core group 21 is higher than or equal to 55 ℃, i.e. the charging current is controlled to be 0, thereby avoiding the overcharge of the battery core caused by the capacity increase in the high temperature environment.
S23: the battery management system 22 sends the charging command to the charging device 10 via the communication circuit B, wherein when the charging device 10 receives the charging command, it outputs the charging power to the battery pack 21 according to the charging command.
S24: the battery management system 22 determines whether the power of the battery core group 21 is fully charged, and if not, the process returns to the step S22; if so, the process proceeds to the next step S25.
S25: the battery management system 22 sends a charging end command to the charging device 10 via the communication loop B. When the charging device 10 receives the end charging command, it stops outputting the charging current.
Referring to FIG. 4, another embodiment of the method of the present invention is shown. The difference from the embodiment of fig. 2 is that after step S21, a device verification process is further performed, which includes the following steps:
s41: the battery management system 22 sends a connection request to the charging device 10, wherein the connection request requests the charging device 10 to transmit a device identification code back.
S42: the battery management system 22 determines whether the device identification code is valid, and if the received device identification code is valid, proceeds to the next step S22; if the device identification code is invalid or not received, the charging operation is ended. The battery management system 22 can distinguish different types of charging devices according to the device identification code, such as one of an energy station, a charging pile, a charging stand, or a vehicle charger; if the returned device id code cannot identify its format, the charging device 10 is determined to be invalid and the charging operation is stopped.
Please refer to fig. 5, which illustrates another embodiment of the method of the present invention. The difference from the embodiment of fig. 2 is that before step S22, a pre-charging process is further included, which includes the following steps:
s51: the battery management system 22 issues a precharge command to the charging device 10, requesting the charging device 10 to output a precharge current for a predetermined time, wherein the precharge current is lower than the normal charging current, for example, the precharge current is only 1A, and the predetermined time is sufficient for the battery management system 22 to determine whether both sides are operating normally, for example, 30 seconds.
S52: during the pre-charging process, the battery management system 22 determines whether the communication, the line connection, the states of the two parties, etc. between the charging device 10 and the lithium battery pack 20 are normally connected; if the two parties are normally connected, the process proceeds to the next step S22; if there is an abnormality, the charging is stopped. The purpose of the present invention is to ensure both the charging device 10 and the lithium battery pack 20 to operate normally by pre-charging with a small current, so as to prevent the lithium battery pack 20 from being damaged by a large current directly output from one of the charging device and the lithium battery pack if one of the charging device and the lithium battery pack is abnormal.
In another embodiment of the method of the present invention, the embodiment of fig. 4 and 5 can also be combined, and the pre-charging process is performed after the verifying device process is performed.
In the above embodiments, the battery management system 22 will monitor the state of the battery core pack 21 at any time, and when it is found that the battery core pack 21 suddenly has an abnormal state or needs to be maintained, the battery management system 22 will send a zero-current charging command to the charging device 10, so that the charging device 10 stops charging; and after the battery state is recovered or the maintenance operation is finished, the original charging operation is resumed. The maintenance work may be a voltage unbalance of the battery cells in the battery cell pack 21, and the battery management system 22 performs a differential pressure balance management operation on the battery cell pack 21.
When the output voltage of the charging device 10 cannot satisfy the charging command, the charging device 10 enters a constant voltage mode (CV mode), and the current output by the charging device 10 is smaller than the current required by the charging command, which may cause the charging operation to be unable to be ended if the charging device 10 is not forced to stop. Therefore, if the battery management system 22 determines that the charging device 10 has entered the constant voltage mode, the battery management system 22 will issue a charging end command to the charging device 10 to terminate the operation of the charging device 10, thereby avoiding inefficient charging operation.
When a lithium battery pack 20 is charged according to the present invention, the voltage, current, and battery state of charge (SOC) waveform changes of the lithium battery pack 20 can be measured as shown in fig. 6A, 6B, and 6C, respectively. The charging device 10 can output a constant current of 17A at maximum, the lithium battery pack 20 starts to charge from a state that the battery capacity is 4%, and the battery management system 22 instantly changes the charging command according to the charging command curves of fig. 3A to 3F and sends the charging command to the charging device 10 during the charging process, so that the waveform of the current change can be seen in fig. 6B. When the final full battery capacity is 100%, the battery voltage is 57.4V.
The invention mainly controls the charging operation by using a Battery Management System (BMS) in the lithium battery pack, sends a charging command to the charging device after judging the state of the battery core pack, ensures that the battery core pack is gradually fully charged after receiving proper charging current, and can exert a protection mechanism of stopping charging under the state of too low temperature or too high temperature, thereby prolonging the service life of the battery.
Claims (20)
1. A charging system for a lithium battery, comprising
A charging device, comprising:
a control unit;
the charging circuit is connected with the control unit and used for outputting a charging power supply;
the communication unit is connected with the control unit;
a lithium battery pack connected to the charging device to form a charging loop, the lithium battery pack receiving the charging power via the charging loop, wherein the lithium battery pack comprises:
a battery core group, which comprises a plurality of battery cores;
the battery management system comprises a communication module, wherein the communication module is connected with the communication unit to form a communication loop;
the battery management system receives the state of the battery core group, generates a charging command after judgment, sends the charging command to the charging device through the communication loop, enables the charging device to output the charging power supply with the corresponding size according to the charging command, and charges the lithium battery pack through the charging loop.
2. The system for charging a lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the battery management system further comprises:
a temperature sensing module for sensing the temperature of the battery core pack;
a voltage sensing module for sensing the voltage of the battery core pack;
and the current sensing module is used for sensing the current of the battery core group.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein when the battery management system determines that the temperature of the battery core pack is lower than or equal to a lower temperature limit value, the battery management system outputs a charging command representing zero current to the charging device, causing the charging device to stop charging.
4. The system of claim 2, wherein when the battery management system determines that the temperature of the battery core pack is higher than or equal to a temperature upper limit value, the battery management system outputs a charging command representing zero current to the charging device, causing the charging device to stop charging.
5. The system of claim 2, wherein the battery management system adjusts the charging command to change the size of the charging power according to the temperature of the battery pack and the battery state of charge (SOC).
6. The system of claim 5, wherein a plurality of charging command curves corresponding to different temperature ranges are preset in the battery management system, the battery management system finds the corresponding charging command curve according to the current temperature table of the battery core pack, and determines the charging command to be output from the corresponding charging command curve according to the current battery capacity of the battery core pack.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the battery management system outputs a pre-charge command to the charging device when the lithium battery pack is connected to the charging device.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the battery management system outputs a connection request to the charging device requesting the charging device to reply a device identification code when the lithium battery pack is connected to the charging device.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein when the battery management system determines that the lithium battery pack is currently in an abnormal state or needs to be maintained, the battery management system issues a charging command representing zero current to the charging device to suspend charging.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein when the battery management system determines that the charging device has entered a voltage mode, the battery management system issues a command to stop charging to the charging device.
11. A method for charging a lithium battery, the method being adapted to couple a charging device and a lithium battery pack, wherein the lithium battery pack has a battery cell pack and a battery management system, the method comprising:
s1, connecting the lithium battery pack with the charging device, and forming a charging loop and a communication loop between the lithium battery pack and the charging device;
s2, the battery management system receives the state of the battery core group and determines a charging command according to the state of the battery core group;
s3, the battery management system sends the charging command to the charging device through the communication loop, wherein the charging device outputs a charging power supply to the battery core group according to the charging command;
s4, the battery management system judges whether the electric power of the battery core group is fully charged, if not, the step S2 is executed repeatedly;
and S5, if the battery management system judges that the electric power of the battery core group is fully charged, the battery management system sends a finishing charging command to the charging device by means of the communication loop.
12. A method for charging a lithium battery as claimed in claim 11, wherein after the step S1, a device check process is further performed, the device check process comprising:
the battery management system sends a connection request to the charging device to request the charging device to return a device identification code;
the battery management system judges whether the device identification code is valid, and if the device identification code is valid, the step S2 is continuously carried out; and if the device identification code is judged to be invalid or the device identification code is not received, ending the charging.
13. The method of claim 11, further performing a pre-charging process before the step S2, the pre-charging process comprising:
the battery management system sends a pre-charging command to the charging device, and requires the charging device to output a pre-charging current for a preset time;
the battery management system judges whether the charging device is normally connected with the lithium battery pack, and if so, the step S2 is continued; if not, the charging is finished.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein a device verification process and a pre-charge process are sequentially performed after the step S1 and before the step S2, wherein,
the device acknowledgement flow includes:
the battery management system sends a connection request to the charging device to request the charging device to return a device identification code;
the battery management system judges whether the device identification code is valid, and if the device identification code is judged to be valid, the pre-charging process is continued; if the device identification code is judged to be invalid or the device identification code is not received, ending the charging;
the pre-charging flow includes:
the battery management system sends a pre-charging command to the charging device, and requires the charging device to output a pre-charging current for a preset time;
the battery management system judges whether the charging device is normally connected with the lithium battery pack, if so, the step S2 is continuously carried out; if not, the charging is finished.
15. The method of charging a lithium battery as claimed in claim 11, wherein when the battery management system determines that the temperature of the battery core pack is lower than or equal to a lower temperature limit value, the battery management system outputs a charge command representing zero current to the charging device to stop the charging by the charging device.
16. The method of claim 11, wherein when the battery management system determines that the temperature of the battery core pack is higher than or equal to a temperature upper limit value, the battery management system outputs a charging command representing zero current to the charging device to stop charging.
17. The method of charging a lithium battery as claimed in claim 11, wherein the battery management system adjusts the charge command to vary the size of the charging power source according to the temperature of the battery cell group and the battery state of charge (SOC).
18. The method of claim 17, wherein a plurality of charging command curves corresponding to different temperature ranges are preset in the battery management system, the battery management system finds the corresponding charging command curve according to the temperature lookup table of the battery core group, and determines the charging command to be outputted from the corresponding charging command curve according to the battery power of the battery core group.
19. The method of claim 11, wherein when the battery management system determines that the lithium battery pack is in an abnormal state or needs to be maintained, the battery management system issues a charging command representing zero current to the charging device to suspend charging.
20. The method of claim 11, wherein when the battery management system determines that the charging device has entered a certain voltage mode, the battery management system issues a finish charging command to the charging device to stop charging.
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| TW110136273A TWI774571B (en) | 2021-09-29 | 2021-09-29 | Lithium battery charging system and method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116598631A (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-08-15 | 合肥国轩循环科技有限公司 | Lithium battery pack and charging and discharging method thereof |
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| CN105024411B (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2017-03-15 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | A kind of intelligent power lithium ion battery management system and its charge control method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116598631A (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-08-15 | 合肥国轩循环科技有限公司 | Lithium battery pack and charging and discharging method thereof |
| CN116598631B (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-09-26 | 合肥国轩循环科技有限公司 | Lithium battery pack and charging and discharging method thereof |
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| TW202315208A (en) | 2023-04-01 |
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