CN115881495A - Arc extinguishing material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Arc extinguishing material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115881495A
CN115881495A CN202310114102.5A CN202310114102A CN115881495A CN 115881495 A CN115881495 A CN 115881495A CN 202310114102 A CN202310114102 A CN 202310114102A CN 115881495 A CN115881495 A CN 115881495A
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arc
matrix
extinguishing
fuse
powdery
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刘野
黄刚
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Guangdong Zhongbei Energy Technology Co ltd
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Guangdong Zhongbei Energy Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fuse material processing, and provides an arc-extinguishing material and a preparation method thereof. The arc extinguishing material comprises a matrix which can physically absorb heat to extinguish arc and a powdery material which coats the matrix, wherein the matrix is silicate crystals, and the powdery material is a material which can chemically react to extinguish arc. The arc-extinguishing material can improve energy absorption and energy density of the fuse by combining two modes of physical heat absorption arc extinguishing and chemical reaction arc extinguishing. In operation, the silicate crystal absorbs heat physically to reduce the arc temperature of the fuse and shorten the arc discharge phase change time, thereby playing the role of arc extinction. The powder material is uniformly coated on the surface of the substrate, the reaction temperature is low, when the fuse is fused, the heat conduction is rapid, the chemical decomposition reaction is rapid, the phase change reaction time of the fuse is effectively shortened, and the energy density of the fuse is improved.

Description

Arc extinguishing material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuse material processing, in particular to a fuse arc-extinguishing material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fuse is based on overcurrent heating to trigger melt melting, so that a circuit needing protection is disconnected. In various application fields, the fuse is required to continuously improve breaking capacity under extreme application environments and working conditions. In many cases, the volume of the fuse cannot be increased infinitely, so that the fuse is required to have higher and higher energy density. Particularly in the field of energy storage, as more and more energy needs to be stored, the design of the battery pack tends to be large in normal use current and high in temperature, and the bus box tends to gather more energy, which requires the fuse to improve the through-current capacity, but the volume of the fuse is often limited by the design of the battery pack or the bus box, so that a greater challenge is provided for the energy density of the fuse.
The traditional fuse usually adopts quartz sand as arc extinguishing materials, mainly adopts physical heat absorption arc extinguishing, and has limited energy absorption capacity per unit volume due to the upper limit of the filling density of the quartz sand, so that the problems of long phase change reaction time and high joule energy in the arcing process of the fuse exist. Although arc-extinguishing materials containing sodium silicate and potassium silicate added into quartz sand are disclosed, the arc-extinguishing materials still mainly adopt physical heat-absorption arc extinguishing, and the addition of sodium silicate and potassium silicate into quartz sand requires special equipment for mixing, curing and using, so that the using condition is high. In addition, it discloses adding sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate into quartz sand, and utilizing SiO 2 And sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate at high temperature, but the reaction needs to be carried out at the temperature of over 1400 ℃, and the melt phase change is already started, so that the effects of absorbing energy and restraining the melt phase change are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a novel arc-extinguishing material and a method for preparing the same, wherein the arc-extinguishing material has multiple arc-extinguishing types, and can effectively increase the energy density of a fuse, so that the fuse can rapidly extinguish the generated arc when being disconnected, thereby improving the electrical performance of the fuse.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides an arc extinguishing material, including a substrate capable of physically absorbing heat to extinguish arc and a powdered material coating the substrate, where the substrate is a silicate crystal, and the powdered material is a material capable of chemically reacting to extinguish arc.
In the arc-extinguishing material of the invention, the arc-extinguishing material comprises silicate crystals capable of physically absorbing heat to extinguish arc and powdery material capable of chemically reacting to extinguish arc. The arc-extinguishing material integrates two types of arc-extinguishing materials, and the energy absorption and the energy density of the fuse can be improved by combining a physical heat absorption arc-extinguishing mode and a chemical reaction arc-extinguishing mode. Meanwhile, the silicate crystal is used as a substrate, and the surface is coated with the powdery material, so that the coating is uniform, the heat absorption effect is good, the effectiveness of the arc extinguishing material can be effectively exerted, and the breaking capacity of the fuse is greatly improved. In operation, the silicate crystal absorbs heat physically to reduce the arc temperature of the fuse and shorten the arc-drawing phase-change time, thereby playing the role of arc extinction. The powder material is uniformly coated on the surface of the substrate, the reaction temperature is low, when the fuse is fused, the heat conduction is rapid, the chemical decomposition reaction is rapid, the phase change reaction time of the fuse is effectively shortened, and the energy density of the fuse is improved.
As a technical scheme of the invention, the thermal decomposition temperature of the powdery material is 200-800 ℃.
As one technical solution of the present invention, the silicate crystal includes quartz sand or glass beads.
As a technical scheme of the invention, the particle size of the matrix is 10 meshes-200 meshes.
As one embodiment of the present invention, the powdery material includes at least one of kaolin, hydrated alumina, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, guanidine and derivatives thereof, purine and derivatives thereof, melamine and derivatives thereof, and urea and derivatives thereof.
As a technical scheme of the invention, the matrix is 90-99.5%, and the powdery material is 0.5-10%.
As a technical scheme of the invention, the powdery material is hydrated alumina or melamine.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing an arc suppressing material by spraying the powder material onto the surface of the substrate.
Detailed Description
The arc-extinguishing material is mainly an arc-extinguishing material of a fuse, and comprises a matrix capable of physically absorbing heat to extinguish arc and a powdery material coating the matrix. The matrix is silicate crystal, and the powder material is chemical reaction arc-extinguishing material. When the arc-extinguishing material is prepared, the powder material can be uniformly coated on the surface of the substrate through a spraying process.
Wherein, the arc-extinguishing material comprises 90-99.5% of matrix and 0.5-10% of powder material by weight percentage. As an example, the arc suppressing material comprises 90wt.% of the matrix and 10wt.% of the powdered material, or the arc suppressing material comprises 91wt.% of the matrix and 9wt.% of the powdered material, or the arc suppressing material comprises 92wt.% of the matrix and 8wt.% of the powdered material, or the arc suppressing material comprises 93wt.% of the matrix and 7wt.% of the powdered material, or the arc suppressing material comprises 94wt.% of the matrix and 6wt.% of the powdered material, or the arc suppressing material comprises 95wt.% of the matrix and 5wt.% of the powdered material, or the arc suppressing material comprises 96wt.% of the matrix and 4wt.% of the powdered material, or the arc suppressing material comprises 97wt.% of the matrix and 3wt.% of the powdered material, or the arc suppressing material comprises 98wt.% of the matrix and 2wt.% of the powdered material, or the arc suppressing material comprises 99wt.% of the matrix and 1wt.% of the powdered material, or the arc suppressing material comprises 99.5wt.% of the matrix and 0.5wt.% of the powdered material.
Further, the silicate-based crystal includes quartz sand or glass beads. The crystal material has small surface area, is beneficial to coating of powdery materials and has good arc extinguishing effect. The particle size of the matrix is 10 to 200 mesh, and as an example, the particle size of the matrix may be, but not limited to, 10 mesh, 30 mesh, 50 mesh, 70 mesh, 90 mesh, 100 mesh, 110 mesh, 120 mesh, 130 mesh, 140 mesh, 150 mesh, 160 mesh, 170 mesh, 180 mesh, 190 mesh, 200 mesh.
The thermal decomposition temperature of the powdery material is 200 to 800 deg.C, and the decomposition temperature of the powdery material may be, for example, but not limited to, 200 deg.C, 220 deg.C, 240 deg.C, 260 deg.C, 280 deg.C, 300 deg.C, 320 deg.C, 340 deg.C, 360 deg.C, 380 deg.C, 400 deg.C, 420 deg.C, 440 deg.C, 460 deg.C, 480 deg.C, 500 deg.C, 550 deg.C, 600 deg.C, 650 deg.C, 700 deg.C, 750 deg.C, 800 deg.C. The powder material comprises at least one of kaolin, hydrated alumina, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, guanidine and derivatives thereof, purine and derivatives thereof, melamine and derivatives thereof, and urea and derivatives thereof, and the powder material can generate chemical decomposition reaction at the temperature of 300-500 ℃, absorb a large amount of heat, generate gas, increase the internal pressure of the fuse and achieve the effect of rapid arc extinction through the chemical reaction. The guanidine and the derivatives thereof can be guanidine and mono-substituted or di-substituted guanidine, and can be compounds with the following structural formulas from one to five.
Figure BDA0004077856030000031
Figure BDA0004077856030000041
The purine and its derivatives can be adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine and buffalo-moanin. The melamine and its derivatives may be melamine or benzoguanamine. The urea and its derivatives may be compounds of the following formulae six to eleven. The powdery material is preferably hydrated alumina or melamine, and the arc extinguishing effect is better.
Figure BDA0004077856030000042
To better illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that the following implementation of the method is to further explain the invention, and should not be construed as a limitation of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment is an arc-extinguishing material, which comprises a quartz sand matrix and powdered hydrated alumina coated on the surface of the quartz sand matrix. The grain size of the quartz sand is 80-120 meshes, and the weight ratio of the quartz sand to the arc extinguishing material is 92%. The weight ratio of the hydrated alumina is 8 percent, and the decomposition temperature is 250-260 ℃.
Example 2
The embodiment is an arc-extinguishing material, which comprises a quartz sand matrix and melamine coated on the surface of the quartz sand matrix. The grain size of the quartz sand is 80-120 meshes, and the weight ratio of the quartz sand to the arc extinguishing material is 98%. The melamine weight ratio was 2% and the decomposition temperature was 354 ℃.
Example 3
The embodiment is an arc extinguishing material, which comprises a glass bead matrix and powdery melamine coated on the surface of the glass bead matrix. The grain size of the glass beads is 50-100 meshes, and the weight ratio of the glass beads in the arc extinguishing material is 97.5%. The weight ratio of melamine was 2.5% and the decomposition temperature was 354 ℃.
Example 4
The embodiment is an arc-extinguishing material, which comprises a glass bead matrix and powdered magnesium hydroxide coated on the surface of the glass bead matrix. The grain size of the glass beads is 150-200 meshes, and the weight ratio of the glass beads in the arc extinguishing material is 94%. The weight ratio of the magnesium hydroxide is 6 percent, and the decomposition temperature is 330 ℃.
Example 5
The embodiment is an arc-extinguishing material, which comprises a quartz sand matrix and powdery calcium carbonate coated on the surface of the quartz sand matrix. The grain size of the quartz sand is 80-120 meshes, and the weight ratio of the quartz sand to the arc extinguishing material is 92%. The weight ratio of calcium carbonate is 8%, and the decomposition temperature is 530 ℃.
Example 6
The embodiment is an arc-extinguishing material, which comprises a quartz sand matrix and powdered kaolin coated on the surface of the quartz sand matrix. The grain size of the quartz sand is 80-120 meshes, and the weight ratio of the quartz sand to the arc extinguishing material is 92%. The weight ratio of the kaolin is 8 percent, and the decomposition temperature is 600-650 ℃.
Example 7
The embodiment is an arc extinguishing material, which comprises a quartz sand matrix and powdery melamine coated on the surface of the quartz sand matrix. The grain size of the quartz sand is 80-120 meshes, and the weight ratio of the quartz sand to the arc extinguishing material is 92%. The melamine content was 8% by weight and the decomposition temperature was 354 ℃.
Example 8
The embodiment is an arc-extinguishing material, which comprises a glass bead matrix and powdery calcium carbonate coated on the surface of the glass bead matrix. The grain size of the glass microballoons is 50-100 meshes, and the weight ratio of the glass microballoons in the arc-extinguishing material is 92%. The weight ratio of calcium carbonate is 8%, and the decomposition temperature is 530 ℃.
Example 9
The embodiment is an arc-extinguishing material, which comprises a glass bead matrix and powdered kaolin coated on the surface of the glass bead matrix. The grain size of the glass microballoons is 50-100 meshes, and the weight ratio of the glass microballoons in the arc-extinguishing material is 92%. The weight ratio of the kaolin is 8 percent, and the decomposition temperature is 600-650 ℃.
Example 10
The embodiment is an arc extinguishing material, which comprises a glass bead matrix and powdery adenine coated on the surface of the glass bead matrix. The grain size of the glass beads is 50-100 meshes, and the weight ratio of the glass beads in the arc extinguishing material is 92%. Adenine in an amount of 8 wt% and a decomposition temperature of 434 ℃.
Comparative example 1
This example is an arc suppressing material, which is quartz sand with a particle size of 80-120 mesh.
Comparative example 2
This embodiment is an arc suppressing material, which is powdered hydrated alumina with a decomposition temperature of 250-260 ℃.
Comparative example 3
The embodiment is an arc-extinguishing material, which comprises a fumed silica matrix and powdered hydrated alumina coated on the surface of the fumed silica matrix. The grain diameter of the fumed silica is 150 meshes-250 meshes, and the weight ratio of the fumed silica in the arc extinguishing material is 92%. The weight ratio of the hydrated alumina is 8 percent, and the decomposition temperature is 250-260 ℃.
And filling the surface-mounted tubular fuse products of the same type, and then performing a breaking capacity test. The products assembled by Ag 100% sheets, wherein, the examples 1-10 can be used for carrying out the breaking capacity test of DC1000V 20kA, and can meet the requirements of breaking conditions. While comparative examples 1 and 2 were able to perform only the breaking ability test of DC200V200A, and comparative example 3 was able to perform only the breaking ability test of 300V 400A.
This is because the arc-extinguishing materials of examples 1 to 10 incorporate two types of arc-extinguishing materials, namely silicate crystals that can physically absorb heat to extinguish arcs and powdery materials that can chemically react to extinguish arcs, and the combination of the two types of arc-extinguishing materials can improve energy absorption and energy density of fuses through physical heat absorption and chemical reaction. Comparative examples 1 and 2 are only one kind of arc-extinguishing material and are poor in arc-extinguishing performance. In comparative example 3, the matrix material is fumed silica, which has a large surface area, and a large amount of air is trapped when the matrix material is coated on the surface material, so that the thermal capacity of the arc-extinguishing material is reduced, the thermal conductivity is reduced, and the arc-extinguishing effect is poor.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not limited to the embodiments, and those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or substituted with equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The arc extinguishing material is characterized by comprising a matrix capable of physically absorbing heat and extinguishing arc and a powdery material coating the matrix, wherein the matrix is a silicate crystal, and the powdery material is a material capable of chemically reacting and extinguishing arc.
2. An arc suppressing material according to claim 1, wherein the powdered material has a thermal decomposition temperature of 200-800 ℃.
3. The arc suppressing material of claim 1, wherein the silicate-based crystals comprise silica sand or glass beads.
4. The arc suppressing material of claim 1 wherein the matrix has a particle size of 10 mesh to 200 mesh.
5. An arc suppressing material as recited in claim 1 wherein said powdered material comprises at least one of kaolin, hydrated alumina, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, guanidine and its derivatives, purine and its derivatives, melamine and its derivatives, and urea and its derivatives.
6. An arc suppressing material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix is 90-99.5% and the powdered material is 0.5-10% by weight.
7. An arc suppressing material according to claim 1, characterized in that the powdered material is hydrated alumina or melamine.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the powdered material is sprayed onto the surface of the substrate.
CN202310114102.5A 2023-02-15 2023-02-15 Arc extinguishing material and preparation method thereof Pending CN115881495A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6005470A (en) * 1993-12-13 1999-12-21 Eaton Corporation Arc-quenching filler for high voltage current limiting fuses and circuit interrupters
CN1981355A (en) * 2004-07-09 2007-06-13 S&C电力公司 Arc-extinguishing composition and articles manufactured therefrom
CN109585236A (en) * 2018-12-27 2019-04-05 南京萨特科技发展有限公司 Arc extinction slurry and its preparation method and application
CN110137051A (en) * 2019-04-29 2019-08-16 广东中贝能源科技有限公司 A kind of arc quenching material composition improving fuse energy density
CN113764241A (en) * 2021-06-10 2021-12-07 南京萨特科技发展有限公司 Arc extinguishing powder with multilayer composite structure and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6005470A (en) * 1993-12-13 1999-12-21 Eaton Corporation Arc-quenching filler for high voltage current limiting fuses and circuit interrupters
CN1981355A (en) * 2004-07-09 2007-06-13 S&C电力公司 Arc-extinguishing composition and articles manufactured therefrom
CN109585236A (en) * 2018-12-27 2019-04-05 南京萨特科技发展有限公司 Arc extinction slurry and its preparation method and application
CN110137051A (en) * 2019-04-29 2019-08-16 广东中贝能源科技有限公司 A kind of arc quenching material composition improving fuse energy density
CN113764241A (en) * 2021-06-10 2021-12-07 南京萨特科技发展有限公司 Arc extinguishing powder with multilayer composite structure and preparation method thereof

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