CN115877460B - Method for reinforcing carbonate rock karst fracture-cave type reservoir - Google Patents

Method for reinforcing carbonate rock karst fracture-cave type reservoir Download PDF

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CN115877460B
CN115877460B CN202310174528.XA CN202310174528A CN115877460B CN 115877460 B CN115877460 B CN 115877460B CN 202310174528 A CN202310174528 A CN 202310174528A CN 115877460 B CN115877460 B CN 115877460B
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reservoir
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CN115877460A (en
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李建海
邱文霜
徐浩
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Furuisheng Chengdu Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for reinforcing a carbonate karst fracture-cave type reservoir, and belongs to the technical field of data processing. The method comprises the following steps: performing frequency division reconstruction processing on the original seismic data body to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body; calculating stratum background based on the frequency division reconstruction data volume; removing stratum background from the original seismic data body to obtain a background removed data body; and performing frequency division interpretation on the background removal data body to obtain seismic response characteristics of a plurality of karst fracture-cavity bodies, and performing fusion display on the seismic response characteristics of the karst fracture-cavity bodies. The invention can realize the accurate identification of the hidden small-scale fracture-cavity body.

Description

Method for reinforcing carbonate rock karst fracture-cave type reservoir
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of data processing, and particularly relates to a method for enhancing a carbonate rock karst fracture-cave type reservoir.
Background
The carbonate karst fracture-cavity reservoir is one of the main reservoir types in the western part of China, and the reservoir is subjected to multi-stage structural fracture, ancient weathering, corrosion and other effects, and is spatially represented as a carbonate fracture-cavity system with very strong heterogeneity, so that an important place is provided for oil and gas transportation and aggregation.
The method is widely applied to the Tarim basin aiming at the geophysical identification and evaluation research of karst fracture-cave reservoirs, and three important development stages are experienced. First, an advantageous seismic reflection pattern, i.e., a seismic phase signature dominated by "beaded" reflection, is established. And then turn to the seismic anomaly plane attribute description. According to the exploration experience of the Tarim basin Tahe oil field, a set of three-step prediction method of amplitude change rate, trend surface and slip fracture is summarized. The short plate of the method is exposed at the same time of obtaining great economic benefit. Namely, the fracture-cavity body can only be described in a semi-quantitative manner, and the fracture-cavity body can be effectively identified only after reaching a certain scale. But the small-scale fracture-cavity units or hidden-volt fracture-cavity units can not be effectively identified. At present, the quantitative prediction description stage is developed aiming at karst fracture-cavity body characterization. Meanwhile, due to the difference of the karst reservoir of the Sichuan basin and the Tarim basin, the method has obvious inapplicability to the identification of the karst reservoir of the Sichuan basin. Therefore, the karst reservoir identification is focused on the construction of the relationship between the seismic anomaly body and the geologic body. Karst fracture-cave reservoir seismic response characteristics also progress from a single "beaded" response to multiple diversions. Such as spareribs, messy, etc. The scale is shifted from early "large holes" to current small scale hole recognition. The method solves the problem of given response threshold value of the large-middle seam hole body, but still is difficult to realize for small-scale fracture identification.
The transition of ideas and targets places higher demands on geophysical exploration. The method adopts a 'two wide and one high' seismic exploration technology, namely wide azimuth, wide frequency band and high density, in acquisition processing, and then adopts a reverse time migration imaging technology to improve the reflection homing and recognition precision of the fracture and tunnel. The method improves the local small-scale fracture-cavity seismic imaging to a certain extent, but simultaneously, the false image which does not accord with geological knowledge is easy to form. On the explanation, at present, the technical methods such as spectral shaping based on well control, time-varying frequency division deconvolution and the like are mainly applied to develop explanatory processing work aiming at the carbonate karst fracture-cavity body response, and on the premise of conforming to geological laws, the energy is focused to the maximum extent, so that the reflection characteristics of the karst fracture-cavity body are highlighted. On the basis, a karst facies control inversion technology is applied, and a karst fracture and cave reservoir is predicted through karst facies model constraint inversion. The application of the set of technical method improves the prediction precision of the small-scale fracture-cavity body to a great extent, and effectively supports the target optimization and well position deployment work. However, the method still has a poor depicting effect on the hidden karst fracture-cavity body.
In conclusion, the earlier work is only remained in the prediction and evaluation of the large-middle fracture-cavity aggregate, and the practicability of the small-scale fracture-cavity aggregate is low. Therefore, the first problem of geophysical prediction of small-scale fracture-cavity bodies is to solve the seismic response identification. Because the seismic data relates to the limit resolution, the fracture or weakness with small scale is blocked by strong wave crest or strong wave trough, and can not be identified on the original seismic section, the seismic data is easily ignored by prospecting workers most of the time. Under this premise, there is a need to solve this problem by new geophysical methods.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for reinforcing a carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method of reinforcing a carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir, comprising:
performing frequency division reconstruction processing on the original seismic data body to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body;
calculating stratum background based on the frequency division reconstruction data volume;
removing stratum background from the original seismic data body to obtain a background removed data body;
and performing frequency division interpretation on the background removal data body to obtain seismic response characteristics of a plurality of karst fracture-cavity bodies, and performing fusion display on the seismic response characteristics of the karst fracture-cavity bodies.
Further, performing frequency division reconstruction processing on the original seismic data body to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body, including:
analyzing the original seismic data body to obtain signal-to-noise ratio, limit resolution and fracture-cavity reservoir reflection characteristics;
frequency division interpretation is carried out on the original seismic data body based on the signal-to-noise ratio, the limiting resolution and the reflection characteristics of the fracture-vug reservoir stratum, so that the characteristic frequencies of the single-frequency data body and the reservoir body are obtained;
and determining a frequency segment to be reconstructed, and performing reconstruction processing on the single-frequency data body corresponding to the frequency segment to be reconstructed based on the characteristic frequencies of the single-frequency data body and the reservoir body to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body.
Further, frequency division interpretation is performed on the original seismic data body based on the signal-to-noise ratio, the limiting resolution and the fracture-cavity reservoir reflection characteristics to obtain characteristic frequencies of the single-frequency data body and the reservoir body, and the method comprises the following steps:
filtering the original seismic data volume;
and performing frequency division interpretation on the original seismic data body based on the signal-to-noise ratio, the limiting resolution and the reflection characteristics of the fracture-vug reservoir stratum to obtain the characteristic frequencies of the single-frequency data body and the reservoir body.
Further, performing frequency division reconstruction processing on the original seismic data body to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body, including:
and carrying out frequency division reconstruction processing on the original seismic data body based on well control to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body.
Further, calculating a formation background based on the frequency division reconstruction data volume includes:
performing stratum interpretation based on a wheel classical layer sequence on the frequency division reconstruction data body, and converting a target layer into a wheel domain;
and calculating long loops on the Wheeler domain data volume to obtain stratum background.
Further, calculating the stratum background based on the frequency division reconstruction data volume further comprises:
determining bin parameters according to the original seismic data volume;
setting an iteration time.
Further, removing stratum background from the original seismic data volume to obtain a background removed data volume, including:
determining the effectiveness of stratum background according to the comprehensive calibration of real well drilling;
and removing the effective stratum background from the original seismic data body to obtain a background removal data body.
Further, performing frequency division interpretation on the background removal data body to obtain seismic response characteristics of a plurality of karst fracture-cavity bodies, and performing fusion display on the seismic response characteristics of the karst fracture-cavity bodies, wherein the frequency division interpretation comprises the following steps:
performing frequency division interpretation on the background removal data body according to the characteristic frequency of the reservoir body to obtain seismic response characteristics of a plurality of karst fracture-cave bodies;
and carrying out fusion display on the seismic response characteristics of the karst fracture-cavity bodies.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) According to the invention, the earthquake sedimentology thought is introduced to guide the earthquake interpretation processing work aiming at carbonate rock, so that the earthquake interpretation is more in accordance with geological rules, the formation background is established by combining with the sedimentary background, the background separation technology work is carried out on the basis, and the aim of enhancing karst fracture cavity reflection is achieved by applying the frequency division interpretation technology;
(2) The invention can effectively focus the reflection energy of the karst slot hole body with large-medium scale, enhance the reflection energy of the hidden small-scale karst slot hole body, improve the recognition precision and quality, and guide the establishment of the carbonate karst slot hole reservoir earthquake recognition mode and prediction work;
(3) Compared with the prior art, the method is based on the principle of earthquake sedimentology, the geological anomalies deposited in the sea level lifting process are regarded as the responses of special geological bodies on a large stratum deposition grid, and the combination of frequency division reconstruction, deposition background separation and frequency division fusion technology is applied on the basis to realize the enhancement of karst fracture-cavity reflection, so that the precise identification of hidden small-scale fracture-cavity bodies is completed; the characteristic frequency reconstruction and the separation of the stratum grillwork play a decisive role in the subsequent large, medium and small-scale karst fracture-cavity enhancement, can be finally used for guiding target optimization and well position demonstration deployment work, and is beneficial to improving the drilling success rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of one embodiment of a method of enhancing a carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir;
FIG. 2 is raw seismic data;
FIG. 3 is a view of the seismic data after PCA processing;
fig. 4 is seismic data after a strong background separation process.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention, based on the embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a method for reinforcing a carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir:
as shown in fig. 1, a method for reinforcing a carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir includes steps S100 to S400. The following is a detailed description.
And S100, performing frequency division reconstruction processing on the original seismic data body to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body.
In some embodiments, the step S100 includes:
and S110, analyzing the original seismic data body to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio, the limiting resolution and the reflection characteristics of the fracture-cavity reservoir.
In this step, the analysis of the original seismic data volume is performed to perform necessary processing work for the destination layer.
And S120, performing frequency division interpretation on the original seismic data body based on the signal-to-noise ratio, the limiting resolution and the fracture-cavity reservoir reflection characteristics to obtain the characteristic frequencies of the single-frequency data body and the reservoir body.
Specifically, the method for frequency division interpretation of the original seismic data volume mainly comprises two parts of analysis of characteristic frequency of the reservoir volume and frequency division processing of the original seismic data volume.
In some embodiments, the original seismic data volume is randomly noise-reducing filtered to filter noise of the destination layer prior to frequency-division interpretation of the original seismic data volume.
S130, determining a frequency segment to be reconstructed, and performing reconstruction processing on a single-frequency data body corresponding to the frequency segment to be reconstructed based on the characteristic frequencies of the single-frequency data body and the reservoir body to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body.
In the embodiment, the energy focusing problem of the large-medium scale fracture-cavity body is further improved by carrying out frequency division reconstruction processing on the original seismic data body, and the imaging precision of the small-scale fracture-cavity body is improved as much as possible on the premise of conforming to the geological rule.
In some embodiments, the frequency division reconstruction of the original seismic data volume is based on well control, so that false geological phenomena are effectively avoided.
And step 200, calculating stratum background based on the frequency division reconstruction data volume.
In some embodiments, the step S200 includes:
and S210, performing stratum interpretation based on a wheel classical layer sequence on the frequency division reconstruction data body, and converting a target layer into a wheel domain.
And S220, calculating long loops on the Wheeler domain data body to obtain stratum background.
The formation background is calculated in this example by PCA analysis. The bin parameters can be given according to actual seismic data, for example, the initial bin of the seismic data is 15m x 15m, the given value is 15 most suitable, or a large value can be given, the larger the value is, the smaller the calculated amount is, the thicker the calculated stratum background is, and otherwise, the thinner the calculated stratum background is; and secondly, setting iteration time, wherein if the seismic data is 1ms in sampling rate, the sampling rate is set to be 1ms normally, and the larger the sampling rate is, the thicker the stratum background is calculated.
And step S300, removing stratum background from the original seismic data body to obtain a background removed data body.
In some embodiments, the step S300 includes:
and S310, determining the effectiveness of the stratum background according to the real well drilling comprehensive calibration.
And S320, removing the effective stratum background from the original seismic data body to obtain a background removal data body, namely the karst fracture cavity body.
In the embodiment, the real well drilling is used for calibration, so that the earthquake response characteristics of the karst fracture-cavity body can be highlighted.
In this embodiment, during data processing, subtraction is performed on the seismic data, that is, subtracting information that has little correlation with the seismic response of the karst reservoir, and highlighting the seismic information that is correlated with the karst.
And S400, performing frequency division interpretation on the background removal data body to obtain seismic response characteristics of a plurality of karst fracture-cavity bodies, and performing fusion display on the seismic response characteristics of the karst fracture-cavity bodies.
In some embodiments, the step S400 includes:
and S410, performing frequency division interpretation on the background removal data body according to the characteristic frequency of the reservoir body to obtain the seismic response characteristics of a plurality of karst fracture-cave bodies.
And S420, carrying out fusion display on the seismic response characteristics of the karst fracture-cavity bodies.
In the embodiment, by performing frequency division interpretation on the background removal data body, the seismic response characteristics of the large, medium and small-scale karst slot hole bodies are clarified, the seismic response characteristics of the large, medium and small-scale karst slot hole bodies are displayed in a fusion mode, the energy of the large, medium and small-scale karst slot hole bodies is highlighted, and the reflection characteristics of the small-scale karst slot hole bodies are enhanced.
In the embodiment, when the seismic data is preprocessed, PCA analysis (Principal Component Analysis, namely principal component analysis technology) is mainly adopted in the aspect of removing the background prominent karst, the idea is mainly based on the principle of earthquake depositology, and in the deposition process, sudden lithology combination is caused by the influence of sea level lifting, and the combination has geological significance of stratum and deposition. The corresponding seismic response is composed of a stratum background phase, a karst reservoir and other mutable lithologic seismic phases. That is, the background of the seismic data is a stratum grid in a large deposition environment, and the background is removed to form a special geologic body, such as an isolated fracture-cavity unit or a whole set of fracture-cavity unit combination. Based on the theory, the PCA principal component analysis technology is applied to the carbonate karst fracture-cavity enhancement treatment. Namely, the carbonate fracture-cavity development section is divided into stratum background (reflecting sedimentary background) and sedimentary detail (fracture-cavity reflection), and by separating seismic data, lamellar reflection of the inner curtain of the lamp shadow group can be weakened, and small karst hidden in the strong trough can be separated. The treated material has the following advantages: on one hand, the reflection characteristics of the large-scale and medium-scale hole bodies are enhanced; in addition, the hidden small-scale fracture-cavity body reflection can be displayed, and the target is effectively supported and preferably deployed with the well position. As shown in fig. 2 to 4, fig. 2 is original seismic data, fig. 3 is PCA-processed seismic data, and fig. 4 is strong background separation-processed seismic data.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments, but is capable of numerous other combinations, modifications and environments and is capable of modifications within the scope of the inventive concept, either as taught or as a matter of routine skill or knowledge in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A method of reinforcing a carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir, comprising:
performing frequency division reconstruction processing on the original seismic data body to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body;
calculating stratum background based on the frequency division reconstruction data volume;
removing stratum background from the original seismic data body to obtain a background removed data body;
performing frequency division interpretation on the background removal data body to obtain seismic response characteristics of a plurality of karst fracture-cavity bodies, and performing fusion display on the seismic response characteristics of the karst fracture-cavity bodies;
performing frequency division reconstruction processing on the original seismic data body to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body, wherein the frequency division reconstruction data body comprises:
analyzing the original seismic data body to obtain signal-to-noise ratio, limit resolution and fracture-cavity reservoir reflection characteristics;
frequency division interpretation is carried out on the original seismic data body based on the signal-to-noise ratio, the limiting resolution and the reflection characteristics of the fracture-vug reservoir stratum, so that the characteristic frequencies of the single-frequency data body and the reservoir body are obtained;
and determining a frequency segment to be reconstructed, and performing reconstruction processing on the single-frequency data body corresponding to the frequency segment to be reconstructed based on the characteristic frequencies of the single-frequency data body and the reservoir body to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body.
2. The method for enhancing a carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the step of frequency-division interpretation of the original seismic data volume based on signal-to-noise ratio, limiting resolution and fracture-cave reservoir reflection characteristics to obtain characteristic frequencies of the single-frequency data volume and the reservoir volume comprises the steps of:
filtering the original seismic data volume;
and performing frequency division interpretation on the original seismic data body based on the signal-to-noise ratio, the limiting resolution and the reflection characteristics of the fracture-vug reservoir stratum to obtain the characteristic frequencies of the single-frequency data body and the reservoir body.
3. The method for enhancing a carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing a frequency division reconstruction process on the original seismic data volume to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data volume comprises the steps of:
and carrying out frequency division reconstruction processing on the original seismic data body based on well control to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body.
4. A method of enhancing a carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir according to claim 1, wherein computing a formation background based on the crossover reconstruction data volume comprises:
performing stratum interpretation based on a wheel classical layer sequence on the frequency division reconstruction data body, and converting a target layer into a wheel domain;
and calculating long loops on the Wheeler domain data volume to obtain stratum background.
5. The method of enhancing a carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir according to claim 4, wherein computing a formation background based on the crossover reconstruction data volume further comprises:
determining bin parameters according to the original seismic data volume;
setting an iteration time.
6. The method of enhancing a carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir according to claim 1, wherein removing a formation background from an original seismic data volume to obtain a background removed data volume comprises:
determining the effectiveness of stratum background according to the comprehensive calibration of real well drilling;
and removing the effective stratum background from the original seismic data body to obtain a background removal data body.
7. The method for enhancing a carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the step of frequency-division interpretation of a background removal data body to obtain seismic response characteristics of a plurality of karst fracture-cave bodies and fusion display of the seismic response characteristics of the plurality of karst fracture-cave bodies comprises the steps of:
performing frequency division interpretation on the background removal data body according to the characteristic frequency of the reservoir body to obtain seismic response characteristics of a plurality of karst fracture-cave bodies;
and carrying out fusion display on the seismic response characteristics of the karst fracture-cavity bodies.
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