CN115877460A - Method for enhancing karst fracture-cave type reservoir of carbonate rock - Google Patents
Method for enhancing karst fracture-cave type reservoir of carbonate rock Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for enhancing a karst fracture-cave reservoir of carbonate rock, and belongs to the technical field of data processing. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out frequency division reconstruction processing on the original seismic data body to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body; calculating a stratum background based on the frequency division reconstruction data volume; removing a stratum background from the original seismic data body to obtain a background-removed data body; and performing frequency division interpretation on the background removal data body to obtain the seismic response characteristics of a plurality of rock solvus bodies, and performing fusion display on the seismic response characteristics of the rock solvus bodies. The method can realize the accurate identification of the hidden small-scale crack body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of data processing, and particularly relates to a method for enhancing a karst fracture-cavity type reservoir of carbonate rock.
Background
The carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir is one of the main reservoir body types in the western part of China, and the reservoir is a carbonate fracture-cave system with strong heterogeneity in space under the actions of multi-period structural fracture, ancient weathering, corrosion and the like, thereby providing an important place for oil and gas transportation and gathering.
The application of the geophysical identification and evaluation research aiming at the karst fracture-cave reservoir is wide in Tarim basin, and the research goes through three important development stages. Firstly, a favorable seismic reflection mode, namely a seismic phase identification mark taking 'bead-shaped' reflection as a main factor, is established. And then steering to the description of the seismic abnormal plane attribute. According to the exploration experience of the Tahe oil field in the Talix basin, a set of three-step prediction method of amplitude change rate, trend surface and sliding fracture is summarized. While great economic benefits are achieved, short plates of the method are also exposed. Namely, the slot body can only achieve semi-quantitative description, and the slot body can be effectively identified only when reaching a certain scale. And the small-scale slot-hole unit or the hidden slot-hole unit can hardly be effectively identified. At present, the rock solvus cave body characterization is developed to a quantitative prediction description stage. Meanwhile, due to the difference of the karst reservoir of the Sichuan basin and the Tarim basin, the method has obvious inapplicability to the identification of the karst reservoir of the Sichuan basin. Therefore, aiming at identifying the karst reservoir stratum, the method focuses on the construction of the relation between the seismic anomaly and the geologic body. The seismic response characteristics of the karst fracture-cavity reservoir also progress from a single 'beaded' response to diversification. Such as spareribs, clutter, etc. The scale is changed from the early 'big hole' to the current small-scale slot hole recognition. The method solves the problem of giving the response threshold value of the large-medium seam hole body, but the small-scale fracture identification is still difficult to carry out.
The shift in thinking and goals places higher demands on geophysical exploration. In the acquisition and processing, a seismic exploration technology of two widths and one height is adopted, namely the wide azimuth, the wide frequency band and the high density, and then the reverse time migration imaging technology is applied to improve the seam hole reflection homing and identification precision. The method improves the local small-scale slot-hole body seismic imaging to a certain extent, but is easy to form false images which do not accord with geological knowledge. In explanation, at present, the technical methods such as well control-based spectrum shaping and time-varying frequency division deconvolution are mainly applied to carry out explanatory processing work aiming at response of the carbonate rock karst cave body, and on the premise of conforming to geological rules, energy is focused to the maximum extent, and reflection characteristics of the karst cave body are highlighted. On the basis, a karst phase control inversion technology is applied, and the karst fracture-cave reservoir is predicted through karst phase model constraint inversion. The application of the set of technical method improves the prediction precision of the small-scale fracture-cavity body to a great extent, and effectively supports the target optimization and well position deployment work. However, the method still has a poor effect of describing the hidden rock solvus cavern body.
In conclusion, most of the previous work is only carried out on the prediction and evaluation of the large-to-medium fracture-cavity reservoir body, and the practicability of the small-scale fracture-cavity reservoir body is low. Therefore, the first problem of the geophysical prediction of small-scale fracture-cavity bodies is to solve seismic response identification. Since the seismic data relate to the limit resolution, small-scale fractures or weak, or strong peaks or waves Gu Zhedang, which cannot be identified on the original seismic profile, they are often easily ignored by the explorationist. Under the premise, a new geophysical prospecting technical method is needed to solve the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for enhancing a carbonate karst fracture-cavity reservoir.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method of enhancing a carbonate karst fractured-vuggy reservoir, comprising:
carrying out frequency division reconstruction processing on the original seismic data body to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body;
calculating a formation background based on the frequency division reconstruction data volume;
removing a stratum background from the original seismic data body to obtain a background-removed data body;
and performing frequency division interpretation on the background removal data body to obtain the seismic response characteristics of a plurality of rock solvus bodies, and performing fusion display on the seismic response characteristics of the rock solvus bodies.
Further, frequency division reconstruction processing is performed on the original seismic data volume to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data volume, and the method comprises the following steps:
analyzing the original seismic data volume to obtain a signal-to-noise ratio, a limiting resolution and a reflection characteristic of a karst cave reservoir;
performing frequency division interpretation on the original seismic data body based on the signal-to-noise ratio, the limiting resolution and the reflection characteristics of the karst cave reservoir stratum to obtain the characteristic frequencies of a single-frequency data body and a reservoir body;
and determining a frequency segment needing to be reconstructed, and reconstructing the single-frequency data body corresponding to the frequency segment needing to be reconstructed based on the characteristic frequencies of the single-frequency data body and the reservoir body to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body.
Further, frequency division interpretation is carried out on the original seismic data body based on the signal-to-noise ratio, the limiting resolution and the reflection characteristics of the karst cave reservoir stratum, and the characteristic frequencies of the single-frequency data body and the reservoir body are obtained, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
filtering the original seismic data volume;
and performing frequency division interpretation on the original seismic data body based on the signal-to-noise ratio, the limiting resolution and the reflection characteristics of the karst cave reservoir stratum to obtain the characteristic frequencies of the single-frequency data body and the reservoir body.
Further, frequency division reconstruction processing is performed on the original seismic data volume to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data volume, and the method comprises the following steps:
and performing frequency division reconstruction processing on the original seismic data body based on well control to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body.
Further, calculating a formation background based on the frequency division reconstruction data volume, comprising:
performing the explanation of the hierarchy stratum based on the wheeler classical sequence on the frequency division reconstruction data volume, and converting the target layer into a wheeler domain;
and calculating long convolution on the data body of the wheeler domain to obtain the stratum background.
Further, calculating a formation background based on the frequency division reconstruction data volume, further comprising:
determining bin parameters according to the original seismic data volume;
and setting iteration time.
Further, removing the stratum background from the original seismic data volume to obtain a background-removed data volume, including:
determining the effectiveness of the stratum background according to the real well comprehensive calibration;
and removing the effective stratum background of the original seismic data volume to obtain a background-removed data volume.
Further, performing frequency division interpretation on the background removal data volume to obtain seismic response characteristics of a plurality of rock fracture cavity bodies, and performing fusion display on the seismic response characteristics of the rock fracture cavity bodies, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
performing frequency division interpretation on the background removal data body according to the characteristic frequency of the reservoir body to obtain the seismic response characteristics of a plurality of rock solvus cavernous bodies;
and fusing and displaying the seismic response characteristics of the rock solvus caverns.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention introduces the seismic sedimentology idea to guide the carbonate rock seismic explanatory processing work, so that the seismic explanation is more in line with the geological rule, the stratum background is established by combining the sedimentary background, the background separation technology work is carried out on the basis, and the purpose of rock solvus cavern body reflection enhancement is achieved by applying the frequency division interpretation technology;
(2) The method can effectively focus the reflection energy of the large-medium scale karst fracture-cave body, enhance the reflection energy of the hidden small scale karst fracture-cave body, improve the identification precision and quality, and guide the establishment of the carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir earthquake identification mode and the prediction work;
(3) The method is different from the prior art, is based on the principle of seismic sedimentology, considers the geological anomalous body deposited in the sea level lifting process as the response of a special geologic body on a large stratum sedimentary framework, and on the basis, applies the combination of frequency division reconstruction, sedimentary background separation and frequency division fusion technology to realize the enhancement of the reflection of the karst fracture-cave body and finish the accurate identification of the hidden small-scale fracture-cave body; the characteristic frequency reconstruction and the separation of the stratum framework in the invention play a decisive role in the subsequent reinforcement of large, medium and small-scale karst fracture-cavern bodies, can be finally used for guiding the target optimization and well location demonstration deployment work, and is beneficial to improving the drilling success rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a method of enhancing a carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir;
FIG. 2 is raw seismic data;
FIG. 3 is seismic data after PCA processing;
FIG. 4 is seismic data after a strong background separation process.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a method for enhancing a carbonate karst fracture-cavity reservoir:
as shown in fig. 1, a method for enhancing a carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir includes steps S100 to S400. The details are as follows.
And S100, carrying out frequency division reconstruction processing on the original seismic data body to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body.
In some embodiments, the step S100 includes:
and step S110, analyzing the original seismic data volume to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio, the limiting resolution and the reflection characteristics of the solution fracture cave reservoir.
The analysis of the original seismic data volume in this step is a necessary processing work for the target layer.
And S120, performing frequency division interpretation on the original seismic data body based on the signal-to-noise ratio, the limiting resolution and the reflection characteristics of the karst cave reservoir stratum to obtain the single-frequency data body and the characteristic frequency of the reservoir body.
Specifically, the frequency division interpretation of the original seismic data body mainly comprises two parts of analyzing the characteristic frequency of the reservoir body and frequency division processing of the original seismic data body.
In some embodiments, prior to performing frequency-division interpretation of the original seismic data volume, the original seismic data volume is subjected to random noise reduction filtering to filter out noise of the destination layer.
And S130, determining a frequency segment needing to be reconstructed, and reconstructing the single-frequency data body corresponding to the frequency segment needing to be reconstructed based on the characteristic frequencies of the single-frequency data body and the reservoir body to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body.
In the embodiment, the energy focusing problem of the large-scale and medium-scale fracture-cave bodies is further improved by performing frequency division reconstruction processing on the original seismic data body, and the imaging precision of the small-scale fracture-cave is improved as much as possible on the premise of conforming to the geological rule.
In some embodiments, the frequency division reconstruction of the original seismic data volume is based on well control, so that false geological phenomena are effectively avoided.
And S200, calculating the stratum background based on the frequency division reconstruction data body.
In some embodiments, the step S200 includes:
and S210, performing the wheeler-based classical sequence stratigraphic interpretation on the frequency division reconstruction data body, and converting the target layer into a wheelr domain.
And S220, calculating a long convolution on the data body of the wheeler domain to obtain a stratum background.
In this example, the formation background was calculated by PCA analysis. The bin parameters can be given according to actual seismic data, for example, the initial bin of the seismic data is 15m × 15m, the given value is 15 most suitable, and a large value can be given, wherein the larger the value is, the smaller the calculation amount is, the thicker the calculated stratum background is, and the thinner the calculated stratum background is otherwise; and secondly, setting iteration time, if the seismic data is at a sampling rate of 1ms, setting 1ms as normal, wherein the larger the sampling rate is, the thicker the computed stratum background is.
And step S300, removing the stratum background of the original seismic data body to obtain a background-removed data body.
In some embodiments, the step S300 includes:
and S310, determining the effectiveness of the stratum background according to the real drilling comprehensive calibration.
And S320, removing the effective stratum background of the original seismic data body to obtain a background-removed data body, namely a rock solvus cavern body.
In the embodiment, the real drilling well is used for calibration, so that the seismic response characteristic of the rock fracture cavity body can be highlighted.
In the embodiment, during data processing, the seismic data are subtracted, namely, the information which is not related to the karst reservoir seismic response is subtracted, and the seismic information related to the karst is highlighted.
And S400, performing frequency division interpretation on the background removal data body to obtain the seismic response characteristics of a plurality of rock solvus bodies, and performing fusion display on the seismic response characteristics of the rock solvus bodies.
In some embodiments, the step S400 includes:
and S410, performing frequency division interpretation on the background removal data body according to the characteristic frequency of the reservoir body to obtain the seismic response characteristics of a plurality of rock fracture cave bodies.
And S420, fusing and displaying the seismic response characteristics of the rock solvus bodies.
In the embodiment, the background removal data volume is subjected to frequency division interpretation, the seismic response characteristics of the large, medium and small-scale rock fissure cavern bodies are determined, the seismic response characteristics of the large, medium and small-scale rock fissure cavern bodies are fused and displayed, the energy of the large-medium rock fissure cavern bodies is highlighted, and the reflection characteristics of the small-scale rock fissure cavern bodies are enhanced.
In the embodiment, when seismic data are preprocessed, PCA (Principal Component Analysis) is mainly adopted in the aspect of removing the background prominent karst, and the idea is that a sudden lithological combination is caused by the influence of sea level lifting in the deposition process based on the principle of seismic sedimentology, and the combination has geological significance of stratum and deposition. The corresponding seismic response is the composition of the formation background phase, the karst reservoir and other mutational lithological seismic phases. That is, the background of seismic data is the stratigraphic framework under the large sedimentary environment, and after the background is removed, the seismic data is the special geologic body, such as an isolated slot-hole body unit, or a whole set of slot-hole body unit combination. On the basis of the theory, the PCA principal component analysis technology is applied to the reinforcement treatment of the karst fissure cavern body of the carbonate rock. Namely, the carbonate rock fracture-cave development segment is divided into a stratum background (reflecting a deposition background) and deposition details (fracture-cave reflection), and by separating seismic data, the layered reflection of the curtain in the lamp shadow group can be weakened, and small karst hidden in a strong wave trough can be separated. The advantages after treatment are: on one hand, the reflection characteristics of the large-medium scale slot hole body are increased; on the other hand, the invisible small-scale fracture-hole body can be reflected and displayed, and target optimization and well location deployment are effectively supported. As shown in fig. 2 to 4, fig. 2 is raw seismic data, fig. 3 is seismic data after PCA processing, and fig. 4 is seismic data after strong background separation processing.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and is not to be construed as limited to the exclusion of other embodiments, and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be used and modifications may be made within the scope of the concepts described herein, either by the above teachings or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for enhancing a carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out frequency division reconstruction processing on the original seismic data body to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body;
calculating a formation background based on the frequency division reconstruction data volume;
removing a stratum background from the original seismic data body to obtain a background-removed data body;
and performing frequency division interpretation on the background removal data body to obtain the seismic response characteristics of a plurality of rock solvus bodies, and performing fusion display on the seismic response characteristics of the rock solvus bodies.
2. The method for enhancing the carbonate karst fracture-cavity reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of performing frequency division reconstruction on the original seismic data volume to obtain a frequency division reconstructed data volume comprises:
analyzing the original seismic data volume to obtain a signal-to-noise ratio, a limiting resolution and a solution fracture cavity reservoir reflection characteristic;
performing frequency division interpretation on the original seismic data body based on the signal-to-noise ratio, the limiting resolution and the reflection characteristics of the karst cave reservoir stratum to obtain the characteristic frequencies of a single-frequency data body and a reservoir body;
and determining a frequency segment needing to be reconstructed, and reconstructing the single-frequency data body corresponding to the frequency segment needing to be reconstructed based on the characteristic frequencies of the single-frequency data body and the reservoir body to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body.
3. The method for enhancing the carbonate karst fracture-cavity reservoir as claimed in claim 2, wherein the frequency division interpretation of the original seismic data volume is performed based on the signal-to-noise ratio, the limiting resolution and the reflection characteristics of the karst-cavity reservoir to obtain the characteristic frequencies of the single-frequency data volume and the reservoir volume, and the method comprises the following steps:
filtering the original seismic data volume;
and performing frequency division interpretation on the original seismic data body based on the signal-to-noise ratio, the limiting resolution and the reflection characteristics of the karst cave reservoir stratum to obtain the single-frequency data body and the characteristic frequency of the reservoir body.
4. The method for enhancing the carbonate karst fracture-cavity reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of performing frequency division reconstruction on the original seismic data volume to obtain a frequency division reconstructed data volume comprises:
and performing frequency division reconstruction processing on the original seismic data body based on well control to obtain a frequency division reconstruction data body.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein computing a stratigraphic background based on the frequency-divided reconstructed data volume comprises:
performing the explanation of the hierarchy stratum based on the wheeler classical sequence on the frequency division reconstruction data volume, and converting the target layer into a wheeler domain;
and calculating long convolution on the data body of the wheeler domain to obtain the stratum background.
6. The method of enhancing a carbonate karst fracture-cavity reservoir as defined by claim 5, wherein calculating a stratigraphic background based on the frequency-divided reconstructed data volume further comprises:
determining bin parameters according to the original seismic data volume;
and setting iteration time.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing the stratigraphic background from the original seismic data volume to obtain a background-removed data volume comprises:
determining the effectiveness of the stratum background according to the real drilling comprehensive calibration;
and removing the effective stratum background of the original seismic data body to obtain a background-removed data body.
8. The method for enhancing the carbonate karst fracture-cave reservoir as claimed in claim 2, wherein the frequency division interpretation of the background removal data volume is performed to obtain the seismic response characteristics of the plurality of karst fracture-cave volumes, and the fusion display of the seismic response characteristics of the plurality of karst fracture-cave volumes comprises:
performing frequency division interpretation on the background removal data body according to the characteristic frequency of the reservoir body to obtain the seismic response characteristics of a plurality of rock solvus cavernous bodies;
and fusing and displaying the seismic response characteristics of the rock solvus caverns.
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