CN115876489A - Method for testing load of slewing bearing frame structure - Google Patents
Method for testing load of slewing bearing frame structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN115876489A CN115876489A CN202211708577.9A CN202211708577A CN115876489A CN 115876489 A CN115876489 A CN 115876489A CN 202211708577 A CN202211708577 A CN 202211708577A CN 115876489 A CN115876489 A CN 115876489A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of engineering machinery, and particularly relates to a load testing method for a slewing bearing frame structure, which comprises a bolt strain gauge, an inclination angle sensor, a pressure sensor, a data acquisition module and a data analysis system, wherein the bolt strain gauge is arranged on the front end of the bolt strain gauge; the specific test method is as follows: driving the engineering machinery to a horizontal plane, and embedding bolt strain gauges into a plurality of fixing bolts between an outer ring of the slewing bearing and the upper frame structure; an inclination angle sensor is horizontally arranged on the outer ring of the slewing bearing; pressure sensors are arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the rotary motor; the bolt strain gauge, the inclination angle sensor and the pressure sensor are respectively connected with a data acquisition module through strain acquisition lines, and the data acquisition module is in signal connection with a data analysis system; and (3) driving the engineering machinery which finishes the assembly of various test equipment to a specified test position, adjusting the loading mechanism to a specified parking posture, and performing data zeroing processing on all acquired data. The invention reduces heavy modeling work of the whole vehicle and can quickly output the load spectrum required by the structural analysis of the vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of engineering machinery, and particularly relates to a load testing method for a slewing bearing frame structure.
Background
Stability and structural strength of a lower vehicle structure of the engineering mechanical equipment are important indexes influencing operation stability, comfort and reliability of the equipment in the operation process. At present, the force of getting off a vehicle is mainly analyzed in a static stress mode by combining the maximum working condition positions of the whole vehicle weight, the theoretical maximum digging force, the tipping force and the like, theoretical calculation is used as a main factor, the existing engineering machinery products tend to be large-scale more and more, the weight of the whole vehicle is difficult to accurately measure, more and more complicated working conditions exist, calculation is more and more complicated, the result output after calculation is finished, the difference still exists between the result output and the actual application working condition, and dispersed data cannot be used for analyzing the service life of the getting off vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the method for testing the load of the slewing bearing frame structure, the method for testing the load of the slewing bearing frame structure utilizes a sensor technology and calculation analysis software, dynamic load collection can be accurately realized, and a new method and a new thought are provided for stress analysis of a lower vehicle structure of the engineering machinery.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a load test method for a slewing bearing frame structure comprises a bolt strain gauge, an inclination angle sensor, a pressure sensor, a data acquisition module and a data analysis system; the specific test method is as follows:
1. driving the engineering machinery to a horizontal plane, and embedding bolt strain gauges into a plurality of fixing bolts between an outer ring of the slewing bearing and the upper frame structure; an inclination angle sensor is horizontally arranged on the outer ring of the slewing bearing; pressure sensors are arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the rotary motor; the bolt strain gauge, the inclination angle sensor and the pressure sensor are respectively connected with a data acquisition module through strain acquisition lines, and the data acquisition module is in signal connection with a data analysis system;
2. driving the engineering machinery assembled by various testing equipment in the step one to a specified testing position, adjusting the loading mechanism to a specified parking posture, namely a reference position, and performing data zeroing processing on all acquired data;
3. the engineering machinery carries out various typical operations respectively, and the acquired data are transmitted to the data acquisition module through the bolt strain gauge, the inclination angle sensor and the pressure sensor in the typical operation processes;
4. the data analysis system acquires data acquired by the data acquisition module, performs instantaneous stress analysis on the fixing bolt, extracts axial tension and pressure of the fixing bolt, calculates radial shearing force of the fixing bolt through a trigonometric function according to the inclination angle of the slewing bearing, and calculates slewing shearing force applied to the fixing bolt according to slewing moment of the slewing bearing.
In some embodiments, in step one, the bolt strain gauge is embedded within a fixation bolt central axis location.
In some embodiments, in the first step, the tilt sensor is a high-precision three-axis tilt sensor.
In some embodiments, in the first step, the fixing bolt with the largest stress on the outer ring of the slewing bearing and the fixing bolt in the central symmetry position with the fixing bolt with the largest stress are selected as a group of corresponding bolts, and the stress condition of the group of corresponding bolts is measured.
In some embodiments, a tangent line of a circle where the fixing bolt is located on the outer ring of the slewing bearing is also perpendicular to a connecting line of the center of gravity of the upper vehicle and the load stress point of the bucket, and the fixing bolt at a position A closest to the tangent point of the tangent line is the fixing bolt with the largest stress on the outer ring of the slewing bearing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the technology of the invention utilizes mechanics calculation and sensing technology, utilizes a bolt strain gauge to obtain the axial tension pressure borne by the fixing bolt of the outer ring of the slewing bearing, calculates the axial tension pressure borne by the fixing bolt of the inner ring of the slewing bearing from the axial tension pressure borne by the fixing bolt of the outer ring of the slewing bearing, obtains the axial shearing force of the fixing bolt of the inner ring of the slewing bearing through trigonometric function calculation, obtains the instantaneous stress of the fixing bolt in a mode of reversely calculating the slewing shearing force borne by the fixing bolt of the inner ring of the slewing bearing by combining slewing moment, and outputs a load spectrum through a computer data analysis system. Heavy modeling work of the whole vehicle is reduced, a load spectrum required by vehicle structure analysis can be rapidly output, and mechanical analysis in the later stage is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the sensor mounting and testing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a slewing bearing structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the instant force applied to the fixing bolt according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the tracked excavator adjusted to a reference position;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a maximum positive tipping force of a crawler excavator;
FIG. 6 is an analysis diagram of the equivalent stress condition of the outer ring of the slewing bearing
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the transmission analysis of the forces between the inner and outer rings of the slewing bearing;
FIG. 8 is a force analysis diagram of static gyroscopic moment;
in the figure, the device comprises a bolt strain gauge 1, a bolt strain gauge 2, a fixing bolt 3, a slewing bearing 4, a lower frame 5, an inclination angle sensor 6, a pressure sensor 7, a data acquisition module 8 and a data analysis system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples.
In the embodiment, by taking the maximum forward tilting force of the crawler excavator as an analysis object, when the movable arm is parallel to the crawler, one third of the length of the crawler leaves the ground, as shown in fig. 5, part of the crawler lands to provide support for the whole excavator, and the tilting force Ft and the weight G of the whole excavator realize moment balance, but the gravity center position of the whole excavator is not necessarily on the center line，S 1 And S 2 The fact is an approximation that:
G*S 1 ≈F t *S 2 (1)
therefore, the traditional method of obtaining the get-off load spectrum through excavator force calculation is not very accurate, the whole get-on model is required to be established for analysis of the get-off frame, the method is very complicated, the stress of the slewing bearing is directly analyzed for more accurately and directly obtaining the get-off load input, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the outer ring of the slewing bearing is used as a rigid annular structure, when external force is applied, the force applied to a fixing bolt presents a trend of increasing or decreasing the geometric circumference, and when the stress condition of a group of bolts at corresponding positions is obtained, the stress condition of the outer ring of the whole slewing bearing can be known. Due to the existence of the center of gravity G of getting on 0 And if the bolt is not necessarily positioned on the center line, selecting a representative position bolt for stress analysis, and determining the representative position bolt by the following method: a tangent line of a circle where a fixing bolt is located on the outer ring of the slewing bearing is also perpendicular to a connecting line of the gravity center of the upper vehicle and a load stress point of the bucket, the fixing bolt at a position A closest to the tangent point of the tangent line is selected, and in addition, the fixing bolts at positions B which are centrosymmetric to the position A are selected to form a group of bolts at corresponding positions. By measuring the stress condition of the corresponding bolt, the stress condition of the bolts at other positions can be mapped and calculated, and certainly, in order to calculate the stress condition of the bolts at other positions more accurately, a group of bolts can be found again for measurement, so that verification is assisted.
Through analysis of the structure of the slewing bearing, the inner ring of the slewing bearing is in rigid contact with the outer ring of the slewing bearing in the axial direction, and the force borne by the outer ring of the slewing bearing is synchronously transmitted to the inner ring of the slewing bearing. Meanwhile, the inner ring and the outer ring of the slewing bearing have mutual slewing motion, the stress position of the inner ring can change along with the rotation of the upper vehicle structure, but the maximum stress position of the inner ring of the slewing bearing always corresponds to the maximum stress position of the outer ring of the slewing bearing, as shown in the stress analysis in fig. 7.
Through the above discussion, the test method is specifically as follows: as shown in fig. 1 to 3, an outer ring of a slewing bearing 3 is fixed with an upper frame through a fixing bolt, an inner ring of the slewing bearing 3 is fixed with a lower frame 4 through a fixing bolt, a representative position bolt selected on the outer ring of the slewing bearing 3 is obtained, the engineering machinery is driven to a horizontal plane, the representative position bolt is replaced by a fixing bolt 2 with a bolt strain gauge 1, and an inclination angle sensor 5 is horizontally arranged on the outer ring of the slewing bearing 3; a pressure sensor 6 is arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the rotary motor; as shown in FIG. 1, a collection line is led out, the bolt strain gauge 1, the inclination angle sensor 5 and the pressure sensor 6 are connected with a data collection module 7 together, and the data collection module 7 is in signal connection with a data analysis system 8.
The engineering machinery which finishes the assembly of various test equipment is driven to a specified test position, the crawler excavator is in a horizontal position, as shown in figure 4, the loading mechanism is adjusted to a specified parking posture, namely, a tooling device oil cylinder on a telescopic arm of the crawler excavator is in a fully-extended position and used as a reference position, a test signal is marked to be zero, and signal data recording is started.
The engineering machinery respectively carries out various typical operations, and the acquired data are transmitted to the data acquisition module 7 through the bolt strain gauge 1, the inclination angle sensor 5 and the pressure sensor 6 in each typical operation process. Specifically, the crawler excavator at the reference position is adjusted to the forward tipping force position, as shown in fig. 5, according to the tipping force testing method, the maximum tipping force is tested, meanwhile, the stress value of the bolt strain gauge 1 in the fixed bolt 2 of the slewing bearing at the position and the numerical values such as the dip angle data of the dip angle sensor 5 are recorded, according to the theoretical mechanics principle, the static tipping force limit position is realized, and the fixed bolt 2 at the outer ring of the slewing bearing 3 is mainly subjected to axial tension and pressure force f a And radial shear force f b . Axial tension and compression force f a Directly obtained by testing, and the radial shear force f can be calculated according to a trigonometric function b ：
In the formula: alpha-is the tilting angle of the slewing bearing.
Further analyzing the transmission of the forces of the inner ring and the outer ring of the slewing bearing, and relative to the slewing center, the stress of the fixing bolt at the maximum stress position of the outer ring corresponding to the inner ring of the slewing bearing is as follows:
in the formula: r is Inner part -is the fixing bolt mounting radius of the slewing bearing inner ring, mm;
R outer cover -is the mounting radius of the fixing bolt of the slewing bearing outer ring, mm.
Given the maximum axial tension pressure value of the fixing bolt on the inner ring of the slewing bearing and the axial tension pressure value of the corresponding bolt, the fixing bolts connected with the lower frame and the inner ring of the slewing bearing are uniformly distributed on the circumference, so that the stress of the adjacent bolts is regularly distributed, and the slewing bearing is in a central symmetrical structure, so that the stress condition of only one half of the bolts is required to be obtained, and the other half of the bolts is symmetrical to the stress condition.
And a plurality of fixing bolts uniformly distributed with bolt strain gauges are added in the range of a half circumference of the outer ring of the slewing bearing, so that a stress distribution curve can be drawn. According to the tilting angle of the slewing bearing, the radial shearing force f 'of the fixing bolt of the slewing bearing inner ring can be synchronously measured and calculated by the formula (2) and the formula (3)' b . Through data analysis for several times, the stress rule of the rotary support with the uniformly distributed fixing bolts can be obtained, namely the maximum axial tension and pressure of the fixing bolts and the axial tension and pressure of the corresponding bolts can be obtained, and the axial tension and pressure of the fixing bolts at any rotary support inner ring position is calculated according to the quantity and distribution condition of the bolts.
The method is mainly used for analyzing the stress of the bolt under the limit working condition under the condition of static non-rotation operation, if the rotation operation occurs on the upper car, the rotary shearing force applied to overcome the upper car rotary moment needs to be increased by the fixed bolt of the rotary support, and as shown in figure 8, the maximum rotary force F is obtained by a rotary moment testing method 0 And then calculating and obtaining the rotating force T borne by the fixing bolt of the inner ring of the slewing bearing.
T＝F 0 *L (4)
In the formula: and L is the horizontal distance from the center of the slewing bearing to the gravity center of the bucket.
When a dynamic slewing bearing load test is carried out, a dynamic slewing moment generated by overcoming the inertia moment of a working device needs to be obtained, the larger the load is, the larger the slewing inertia moment is, and the slewing moment cannot be obtained by a slewing moment test method.
In the formula: n is 0 -is the number of rotary motors;
delta p-is the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the rotary motor, and is Mpa;
eta-is the output efficiency of the rotary motor;
η j -is the slewing ring reducer and slewing bearing transmission efficiency;
i-is the transmission ratio of the rotary speed reducer;
i 0 -is a slewing reducer and slewing bearing transmission ratio.
Because the fixing bolts of the inner ring of the slewing bearing are uniformly distributed, each bolt is subjected to slewing shearing force
Comprises the following steps:
in the formula: n-is the number of the fixing bolts on the inner ring of the slewing bearing.
And (4) completing the actual load collection under typical working conditions, and outputting a standard load spectrum of the inner ring of the slewing bearing through a data analysis system 8 for simulation analysis.
In conclusion, the invention provides a convenient method for testing and converting the structural load of the slewing bearing frame by utilizing a simple physical principle and a sensing test technology, and the method can save heavy design work and finite element model conversion work required by modeling, directly obtains the mechanical analysis load input of the lower frame, is simple and easy and saves manpower.
In some embodiments, in the first step, the bolt strain gauge 1 is embedded in the central axis position of the fixing bolt 2, the surface structure and the structural strength of the fixing bolt are not damaged, and the strain acquisition line is directly cut off after the test is finished without re-assembling and disassembling the fixing bolt.
In some embodiments, in the first step, the tilt sensor 5 is a high-precision three-axis tilt sensor, which can truly reflect the composite tilt of the slewing bearing relative to the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis.
In some embodiments, in the first step, the fixing bolt 2 with the largest stress on the outer ring of the slewing bearing 3 and the fixing bolt 2 in the central symmetry position with the fixing bolt 2 with the largest stress are selected as a group of corresponding bolts, and the stress condition of the group of corresponding bolts is measured.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A load test method for a slewing bearing frame structure is characterized by comprising the following steps: the device comprises a bolt strain gauge (1), an inclination angle sensor (5), a pressure sensor (6), a data acquisition module (7) and a data analysis system (8); the specific test method is as follows:
1. driving the engineering machinery to a horizontal plane, and embedding bolt strain gauges (1) into a plurality of fixing bolts (2) between an outer ring of a slewing bearing (3) and an upper frame structure; an inclination angle sensor (5) is horizontally arranged on the outer ring of the slewing bearing (3); pressure sensors (6) are arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the rotary motor; the bolt strain gauge (1), the inclination angle sensor (5) and the pressure sensor (6) are respectively connected with a data acquisition module (7) through strain acquisition lines, and the data acquisition module (7) is in signal connection with a data analysis system (8);
2. driving the engineering machinery assembled by various testing devices in the step one to a specified testing position, adjusting the loading mechanism to a specified parking posture, namely a reference position, and performing data zeroing processing on all acquired data;
3. the engineering machinery carries out various typical operations respectively, and the acquired data are transmitted to a data acquisition module (7) through a bolt strain gauge (1), an inclination angle sensor (5) and a pressure sensor (6) in each typical operation process;
4. the data analysis system (8) acquires data acquired by the data acquisition module (7), performs instantaneous stress analysis on the fixing bolt (2), extracts axial tension and pressure of the fixing bolt (2), calculates radial shearing force of the fixing bolt (2) through a trigonometric function according to the inclination angle of the slewing bearing (3), and calculates slewing shearing force applied to the fixing bolt (2) according to slewing moment of the slewing bearing (3).
2. The method for testing the load of the slewing bearing frame structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the bolt strain gauge (1) is embedded in the central axis position of the fixing bolt (2).
3. The method for testing the load of the slewing bearing frame structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the inclination angle sensor (5) is a high-precision three-axis inclination angle sensor.
4. The method for testing the load of the slewing bearing frame structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the fixed bolt (2) with the largest stress on the outer ring of the slewing bearing (3) and the fixed bolt (2) which is in the central symmetry position with the fixed bolt (2) with the largest stress are selected as a group of corresponding bolts, and the stress conditions of the corresponding bolts are measured.
5. The method for testing the load of the slewing bearing frame structure according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and a tangent line of a circle where the fixing bolt (2) is located on the outer ring of the slewing bearing is also vertical to a connecting line of the gravity center of the upper vehicle and the load stress point of the bucket, and the fixing bolt at the position A closest to the tangent point of the tangent line is the fixing bolt (2) with the maximum stress on the outer ring of the slewing bearing (3).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211708577.9A CN115876489A (en) | 2022-12-29 | 2022-12-29 | Method for testing load of slewing bearing frame structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211708577.9A CN115876489A (en) | 2022-12-29 | 2022-12-29 | Method for testing load of slewing bearing frame structure |
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| CN115876489A true CN115876489A (en) | 2023-03-31 |
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| CN202211708577.9A Pending CN115876489A (en) | 2022-12-29 | 2022-12-29 | Method for testing load of slewing bearing frame structure |
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- 2022-12-29 CN CN202211708577.9A patent/CN115876489A/en active Pending
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