CN115874243A - Preparation method of cooking pot - Google Patents
Preparation method of cooking pot Download PDFInfo
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- CN115874243A CN115874243A CN202211279802.1A CN202211279802A CN115874243A CN 115874243 A CN115874243 A CN 115874243A CN 202211279802 A CN202211279802 A CN 202211279802A CN 115874243 A CN115874243 A CN 115874243A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a cooking pot, the cooking pot is provided with an aluminum alloy blank and a compact non-stick layer coated on the blank, and the surface treatment method of the aluminum alloy blank comprises the following steps: s1, uniformly and regularly distributing pits on the inner wall of an aluminum alloy blank, wherein the pits are vertical to a sprayed surface where the pits are located; s2, polishing to remove fine burrs on the edge of the pit; s3, anodizing the inner wall of the aluminum alloy blank at low temperature to form an oxide film; wherein the oxide film sequentially comprises a surface loose layer and a compact oxide layer along the thickness direction of the blank body; wherein the hardness of the dense oxide layer is higher than that of the surface loose layer; s4, removing the surface loose layer by physical polishing to obtain a compact oxide layer for coating the non-stick layer; according to the invention, the oxidation film layer with high hardness and smooth and round surface is integrally arranged on the surface of the blank body, so that uniform and compact film formation of the polytetrafluoroethylene layer is facilitated, and the non-adhesion property of the cooking pot is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-stick pan surface treatment, in particular to a preparation method of a cooking pan, which improves the compactness and stability of a non-stick layer by improving the strength and uniformity of an oxidation film on the surface of aluminum alloy.
Background
The non-stick pan refers to various appliances for cooking food, such as a non-stick pan, a non-stick frying pan, a non-stick soup pan and the like, of which the inner surface is provided with a non-stick coating. The time that the non-stick coating in the different regions of pan internal surface and food contact is different, often contacts with food in the region from pot body bottom to pot body volume two-thirds, and above-mentioned region is in high temperature state for a long time and with acid or alkaline edible material direct contact, easily leads to the non-stick coating to drop.
The non-stick coating of the non-stick pan falls off easily to cause the following problems: the non-stick function of the pot is lost, so that food is adhered to the inner wall of the pot; the food is easy to be burnt after being stuck to the pan, which causes the quality of the food to be poor, even harmful substances can be generated, and the health of human body is influenced.
Common non-stick cookware in the market at present usually adopts a common shot blasting process as substrate surface treatment before spraying non-stick paint, and then coats a polytetrafluoroethylene non-stick coating on the surface, and has the defects of low hardness, no wear resistance and short service life; at present, the technology of spray welding, such as flame spray welding, plasma spray welding, electric arc spray welding, etc., is characterized in that a layer of metal alloy which takes iron, titanium, stainless steel, etc. as main components is added on the inner wall of a pot body to be used as a high-hardness base material, and then a polytetrafluoroethylene non-stick coating is coated on the surface of the base material. The processes are all for increasing the wear resistance of the inner wall of the pot and prolonging the service life of the pot, but the energy loss of flame melting and jetting, plasma melting and jetting or electric arc melting and jetting is large, and the environment protection is not facilitated. On the other hand, the metal layer is additionally arranged on the surface of the aluminum alloy blank, and different metal materials have different heat resistance, so that the meltallizing layer is separated from the base material and is easy to deform, and the coating is prevented from falling off.
The problem that the surface of the spray layer is not smooth is also solved, so that fine and tiny holes are not uniformly sprayed on the non-stick coating, and when acid and alkaline food is cooked, the acid and alkaline liquid can permeate into the non-stick coating through the fine and tiny holes until the spray layer and the aluminum base material are corroded to cause the coating to fall off, so that the cookware can not be normally used. Therefore, it is necessary to design a cookware with more durable wear resistance and super corrosion resistance and a manufacturing method thereof to overcome the above difficulties.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a cooking pot, and the preparation method is beneficial to uniform and compact film formation of a polytetrafluoroethylene layer and improvement of non-stickiness of the cooking pot by integrally arranging an oxidation film layer with high hardness and round and smooth surface on the surface of a blank.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a cooking pot is provided, the cooking pot is provided with an aluminum alloy blank and a compact non-stick layer coated on the blank, and the surface treatment method of the aluminum alloy blank comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly and regularly distributing pits on the inner wall of an aluminum alloy blank through high-pressure shot blasting, wherein the pits are vertical to a sprayed surface where the pits are located;
s2, removing fine burrs formed by shot blasting on the edges of the pits in the S1 by plasma polishing;
s3, performing low-temperature anodic oxidation to form an oxide film growing on the inner wall of the aluminum alloy blank body on the side, provided with the pits, of the inner wall of the aluminum alloy blank body after the step S2; wherein the oxide film sequentially comprises a surface loose layer and a compact oxide layer along the thickness direction of the blank body;
wherein the hardness of the dense oxide layer is higher than that of the surface loose layer;
s4, removing the surface loose layer on the surface of the blank body by physical polishing to obtain a compact oxide layer for coating the non-stick layer;
and S5, spraying a non-stick layer on the surface of the compact oxide layer prepared in the step S4 to obtain the target cooking pot.
Preferably, the specific process of the high-pressure shot blasting in the step S1 is as follows:
the working pressure of the spray gun is 0.8 to 0.95MPa;
the spray head of the spray gun is vertical to the sprayed surface;
the spray gun nozzle keeps the same distance L with the sprayed surface of the inner wall of the blank body, wherein L is 10-20 cm;
the rigid jet used in the shot blasting process is one or more of steel grit, steel balls and diamond particles;
the rigid jets have a diameter of 0.6mm to 2.0mm.
The invention effectively ensures that the pits are vertical to the plane of the pits by utilizing the control of the action surface, the action direction and the action force in the shot blasting process, and is favorable for matching with the subsequent surface treatment process to obtain a continuous and round surface for coating the non-stick layer.
The preferable specific mode of the high-pressure shot blasting in S1 is as follows:
forming a concentric circular array by the continuous rotating movement track of the high-pressure shot blasting, and sequentially carrying out shot blasting on the pot bottom, the transition region of the pot bottom and the side wall from the center of the pot bottom of the cooking pot;
until the pits with equal depth are regularly and uniformly distributed on the surface of the aluminum alloy blank.
In the invention, the high-pressure shot blasting is to gradually blast the plane of the pot bottom by rotating the spray head in a mode that the center position of the pot bottom is taken as the center of a concentric circle; continuously keeping the circular moving track concentric with the pot bottom in the transition area of the pot bottom and the side wall to rotationally blast the shot; the sprayed side wall keeps concentric circles to rotate to complete the shot blasting of the side wall region with the same height; the shot peening of the sidewall area is completed with the variation of the spray height.
Preferably, the method for detecting the regular dispersion degree of the pits produced by the high-pressure shot blasting in S1 comprises the following steps:
s11, placing the aluminum alloy blank subjected to high-pressure shot blasting on a measuring platform;
s12, at least 10 to 20 ultrasonic measurement point positions which are equidistant to the surface of the aluminum alloy blank body are arranged at intervals along a detection moving route formed by the aluminum alloy blank body from a first detection position of the side wall, the surface of a transition region, the surface of the bottom of a pot, the surface of the transition region and a second detection position of the side wall; wherein the first detection position of the sidewall is opposite to the second detection position of the sidewall;
s13, ultrasonically detecting the depth of the pits on the surface of the aluminum alloy blank along the detection moving path to obtain pit depth data which are prepared by the same shot blasting process parameters along the detection moving path, collecting the pit depth data and preparing an average depth comparison line of the pits;
s14, conveying the aluminum alloy blank to be detected, which is subjected to the pit processing by the same shot blasting process parameter, to a measuring platform, ultrasonically measuring the pit distribution condition on the surface of the aluminum alloy blank along a detection moving path to obtain a pit depth actual distribution curve, comparing the pit depth actual distribution curve with an average depth comparison line under the same shot blasting process parameter, judging whether the fluctuation of the actual pit depth distribution curve relative to the average depth comparison line is within a set threshold value, and determining that the obtained aluminum alloy blank enters S2 or is subjected to recycling treatment.
And evaluating the distribution rule degree of the S1 pits, so that the aluminum alloy blanks with uneven pits on the surface can be screened out, and the non-stickiness of the cookware prepared from the screened aluminum alloy blanks is ensured to be even and compact.
Preferably, in S3, the aluminum alloy blank subjected to S2 is placed into an oxidation tank for anodic hard oxidation, and the oxidation tank liquid is H with the mass fraction of 18-26% 2 SO 4 (ii) a The working temperature of the oxidation pond is-7 ℃ to 1 ℃.
The preferred process parameters for the oxidation of the anode hard in S3 are as follows:
the initial voltage is 15 to 20V, the termination voltage is 40 to 50V, and the control voltage rises at a rate of 0.5V/min to 2V/min;
the oxidation initiation current density was 0.5A/dm 2 Gradually increasing the current density to 2.5A/dm in several times 2 To 3.0A/dm 2 Then the current is kept constant until the oxidation is finished.
The current density is preferably stepped up 5 to 8 times in 20 to 30mi n to maintain a constant current density. According to the invention, the surface loose layer is prepared by gradually raising the current temperature to gradually generate the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy blank and then forming the loose cavity on the surface of the obtained oxide film by using the increased current, and the current and the electrolyte further act while the surface loose layer is prepared to improve the movement of the compact oxide layer, thereby realizing the screening and the promotion of the compact oxide layer.
Preferably, the oxidation time is 20 to 30 minutes. The oxidation time is ensured, and the time for forming a compact oxide layer and a surface loose layer is sufficient.
The thickness of the oxide film is preferably 50 μm to 60 μm; wherein the hardness of the surface loose layer is more than HRC36, the hardness of the compact oxidation layer is more than HRC60, and the thickness of the compact oxidation layer is 25-40 μm. And screening out a compact oxide layer with qualified hardness by utilizing low-temperature anodic oxidation.
Preferably, the uniform compactness of the non-stick layer on the surface of the target cookware prepared by the S5 is detected, and the specific detection method comprises the following steps:
s61, vertically photographing along a surface vertical to one side of a cooker to be detected, which is coated with a non-stick layer, to obtain a sampling image of a fixed area above 20, wherein the vertical photographing position comprises a cooker bottom and a side wall of the cooker and a transition area between the cooker bottom and the side wall;
s62, taking the pixel gray value of any point in the image, and radiating outwards by taking the point as a center; comparing the gray value of the pixel of the adjacent point with the gray value of the point to obtain a difference value delta T, and recording the comparison quantity X;
s63, if the X value is larger than 60% of the pixel points of the sampling image, the gray values of all the recorded adjacent points are averaged to obtain a standard gray value T Standard of reference ；
S64, when delta T and T in any sampling image in the cooking pot to be detected Standard of reference The absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to 10, and the uniformity of the non-stick layer of the obtained cookware is qualified; such as delta T and T Standard of merit If the absolute value of the difference is more than 10, the uniformity of the non-stick layer on the surface of the obtained cookware is unqualified, and the cookware is recycled. According to the invention, through detecting the gray scale change of the non-stick layer image which is smooth and continuous and has a rule and is vertical to the surface of the pit of the side wall of the metal blank body, the uniformity of the surface of the obtained cooking cooker is detected through an image detection method, and the quality control is efficient and strict.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
pits are uniformly and regularly distributed on the inner wall of an aluminum alloy blank body and are vertical to a sprayed surface where the pits are located, an oxide film is further prepared by matching polishing and low-temperature anodic oxidation, in the process of anodic oxidation, the hardness of a compact oxide layer at the bottom layer of the oxide film is strengthened and a surface loose layer is constructed by using anodic oxidation current, and then the surface loose layer with the hardness lower than that of the compact oxide layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy blank body is removed, so that stable structural support of the compact oxide layer on an anti-sticking layer uniformly distributed on the surface of the aluminum alloy blank body is obtained;
the compact oxide layer integrally connected to the blank has high hardness and is continuous, regular and flat, and the surface with the pits for coating the compact non-stick layer is reinforced, the hardness and the flatness degree of the compact oxide layer in contact with the non-stick layer are ensured, the uniform, continuous and compact coating of the non-stick layer is ensured, the hardness of the compact oxide layer tightly attached and connected with the non-stick layer can reach more than HRC60, namely, the compact non-stick layer is effectively ensured to have stable and non-deformation structure, the risk of falling off of the non-stick layer is reduced, and the service life of the cookware is prolonged;
compared with the prior art that the stability and compactness of the non-stick layer are enhanced by increasing the result of the split structure arrangement, the preparation of the compact oxide layer of the aluminum alloy blank is realized by adopting the concept of subtraction, and the stable connection between the aluminum alloy blank and the non-stick layer is enhanced by heating.
Aiming at the characteristics of smoothness and roundness of the surface of the manufactured cooking pot and uniform and regular distribution of pits, a vertical photographing is carried out along the surface which is vertical to the side of the cooking pot to be detected, which is coated with the non-stick layer, so as to obtain a sampling image with a fixed area of more than 20 positions, wherein the vertical photographing position comprises the bottom and the side wall of the cooking pot and a transition region between the bottom and the side wall; by sampling delta T and T in multiple images Standard of reference The uniformity of the surface of the obtained cooking pot is evaluated in difference, and the effectiveness and the efficiency of quality control of the cooking pot are effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the surface treatment of an aluminum alloy blank according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of high pressure shot blasting in a cooking pot preparation process according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an aluminum alloy green body having uniform and regular dimples obtained in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a surface state diagram of the fabricated cookware after the wear resistance test;
FIG. 6 is a surface state diagram of a prior art cooking pot D21# after being tested for wear resistance;
FIG. 7 is a surface state diagram of the cooking pot manufactured according to the present invention after being tested for corrosion resistance;
fig. 8 is a surface state diagram of a prior art cooking pot D21# after being tested for corrosion resistance.
In the figure:
an aluminum alloy green body 110; a pit 111; an oxide film 120; a surface porosity layer 121; a dense oxide layer 122; a spray gun 2.
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the technical scheme of the invention, the invention is explained in detail by the specific embodiment.
The embodiment discloses a method for manufacturing a cookware, which has an aluminum alloy blank 110 and a dense non-stick layer coated on the blank, and the method for processing the surface of the aluminum alloy blank shown in fig. 1 comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly and regularly distributing pits 111 on the inner wall of an aluminum alloy blank through high-pressure shot blasting, wherein the pits are vertical to a sprayed surface where the pits are located, as shown in figures 2, 3 and 4;
in this embodiment, the aluminum alloy blank is an aluminum-silicon cast alloy ZL101, and may also be a cast aluminum alloy such as ZL102, ZL105A, ZL107, ZL110, or ZL 108.
S1, fixing the aluminum alloy blank on a rotary fixing disc with adjustable rotating speed in the high-pressure shot blasting process, and manufacturing a pit by automatically stretching, rotating and swinging the spray gun 2 relative to the aluminum alloy blank rotating in the horizontal direction.
The specific process of the high-pressure shot blasting in the step S1 is as follows:
the nozzle of the spray gun of 0.8 to 0.95MPa is vertical to the sprayed surface;
the spray head of the spray gun keeps the same distance L with the sprayed surface of the inner wall of the blank body.
The rigid jet used in the shot blasting process is one or more of steel grit, steel balls and diamond particles;
the diameter of the rigid jet. The lance operating pressures and L are shown in table 1.
The preferable specific modes of the high-pressure shot blasting in S1 are as follows:
forming a concentric circular array by the continuous rotating and moving track of the high-pressure shot blasting, and sequentially carrying out shot blasting on the pot bottom, the transition region of the pot bottom and the side wall from the center of the pot bottom of the cooking pot;
until the pits with equal depth are regularly and uniformly distributed on the surface of the aluminum alloy blank.
In the invention, the high-pressure shot blasting is to gradually blast the plane of the pot bottom by rotating the spray head in a mode that the center position of the pot bottom is taken as the center of a concentric circle; continuously keeping the circular moving track concentric with the pot bottom in the transition area of the pot bottom and the side wall to rotationally blast the shot; the sprayed side wall keeps concentric circles to rotate to finish the shot blasting of the side wall area with the same height; the shot peening of the sidewall area is completed with the variation of the spray height.
The method for detecting the regular dispersion degree of the pits produced by the high-pressure shot blasting in the S1 in the embodiment includes the following steps:
s11, placing the aluminum alloy blank subjected to high-pressure shot blasting on a measuring platform;
s12, at least 10 to 20 ultrasonic measurement point positions which are equidistant to the surface of the aluminum alloy blank body are arranged at intervals along a detection moving route formed by the aluminum alloy blank body from a first detection position of the side wall, the surface of a transition region, the surface of the bottom of a pot, the surface of the transition region and a second detection position of the side wall; wherein the first detection position of the sidewall is opposite the second detection position of the sidewall;
s13, ultrasonically detecting the depth of the pits on the surface of the aluminum alloy blank along the detection moving path to obtain pit depth data which are prepared by the same shot blasting process parameters along the detection moving path, collecting the pit depth data and preparing an average depth comparison line of the pits;
s14, conveying the aluminum alloy blank to be detected with pits processed by the same shot blasting process parameter to a measuring platform, measuring the pit distribution condition on the surface of the aluminum alloy blank by ultrasonic waves along a detection moving path to obtain a pit depth actual distribution curve, comparing the pit depth actual distribution curve with an average depth comparison line under the same shot blasting process parameter, judging the fluctuation of the actual pit depth distribution curve relative to the average depth comparison line, enabling the aluminum alloy blank with the fluctuation within a set threshold value to enter S2, and recycling the aluminum alloy with the fluctuation not within the set threshold value, wherein the qualified rate of regular dispersion of the pits of the aluminum alloy blank passing through S1 in the embodiment is counted as 97.1%, and the aluminum alloy blank is beneficial to obtaining a compact uniform non-stick layer.
And evaluating the distribution rule degree of the S1 pits, so that the aluminum alloy blank with uneven pits on the surface can be screened out, and the non-adhesiveness of the cookware prepared from the screened aluminum alloy blank is ensured to be even and compact.
Through the present embodiment
S2, polishing to remove fine burrs formed on the edge of the pit in the S1 by shot blasting;
and carrying out plasma polishing treatment on the aluminum alloy blank.
S3, performing low-temperature anodic oxidation to form an oxide film 120 growing on the inner wall of the aluminum alloy blank body on the side, provided with the pits, of the inner wall of the aluminum alloy blank body after the step S2; wherein the oxide film comprises a surface loose layer 121 and a compact oxide layer 122 in sequence along the thickness direction of the blank body;
wherein the hardness of the dense oxide layer 122 is higher than that of the surface porous layer 121;
putting the aluminum alloy blank subjected to the S2 into an oxidation tank for anodic hard oxidation, wherein the oxidation tank liquid is H with the mass fraction of 22% 2 SO 4 (ii) a The working temperature of the oxidation pond is-7 ℃ to 1 ℃.
The technological parameters of the anode hard oxidation are as follows:
the initial voltage is 15V, the termination voltage is 50V, and the control voltage rises at a rate of 0.5V/min-2V/min;
the oxidation initiation current density was 0.5A/dm 2 The current density was gradually increased 6 times in 30min to be kept constant at 2.8A/dm 2 Then the current is kept constant until the oxidation is finished.
The oxidation time was 30 minutes.
As shown in FIG. 1, the thickness of the oxide film was 58 μm; wherein the hardness of the surface loose layer is more than HRC 36;
and S4, removing the surface loose layer on the surface of the blank body by physical polishing to obtain a compact oxide layer for coating the non-stick layer.
The hardness of the dense oxide layer is HRC60 or more, wherein the thickness of the dense oxide layer is 30 μm.
And S5, spraying a non-stick layer on the surface of the compact oxide layer prepared in the S4 to obtain the target cooking pot.
And (4) detecting the uniformity and compactness of the non-stick layer on the surface of the target cooking pot prepared in the step (S5), wherein the specific detection method comprises the following steps:
s61, vertically photographing along a surface vertical to one side of a cooker to be detected, which is coated with the non-stick layer, to obtain a sampling image of a fixed area above 20, wherein the vertical photographing position comprises a cooker bottom and a side wall of the cooker and a transition area between the cooker bottom and the side wall;
s62, taking the pixel gray value of any point in the image, and radiating outwards by taking the point as a center; comparing the gray value of the pixel of the adjacent point with the gray value of the point to obtain a difference value delta T, and recording the comparison quantity X;
s63, if the X value is larger than 60% of the pixel points of the sampling image, averaging the recorded gray values of all adjacent points to obtain a standard gray value T Standard of merit ；
S64, when delta T and T in any sampling image in the cooking pot to be detected Standard of merit The absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to 10, and the uniformity of the obtained non-stick layer of the cooking pot is qualified; such as delta T and T Standard of reference If the absolute value of the difference is larger than 10, the uniformity of the non-stick layer on the surface of the obtained cookware is unqualified, and the recycling treatment is carried out.
And spraying an anti-sticking layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy blank with the compact oxide layer to prepare the cooking pot.
The sample pot 1# -6# adopts the embodiment of the invention: the spraying direction of the spray gun is vertical to the sprayed surface, the distance between the nozzle of the spray gun and the sprayed surface is 10-20CM, the pressure is 0.6-0.95 MPa, and the size of the steel shot is phi 0.6-2.0.
The conventional shot blasting process technology is adopted for comparing pots D1# to D4#, the shot blasting pressure is 0.4MPa, and the shot blasting thickness is 80 meshes.
TABLE 1 surface hardness variation of aluminum alloy blanks by high pressure shot peening in the present invention and prior art shot peening
| Sample (I) | Pressure of shot blasting | Emery fineness | Hardness of embryo body |
| Pot tool 1# | 0.8MPa | φ0.6 | 43.5 |
| Pot tool | |||
| 2# | 0.8MPa | φ0.8 | 44HBS |
| Pot tool 3# | 0.9MPa | φ0.6 | 44HBS |
| Cookware 4# | 0.9MPa | φ0.8 | 44.5HBS |
| Pot tool 5# | 0.95MPa | φ0.6 | 44.5HBS |
| Pot tool 6# | 0.95MPa | φ0.8 | 44.5HBS |
| Contrast cookware D1# | 0.4MPa | 80 mesh | 30.5HBS |
| Contrast cookware D2# | 0.4MPa | 80 mesh | 30HBS |
| Contrasting cookware D3# | 0.4MPa | 80 mesh | 31.5HBS |
| Contrasting cookware D4# | 0.4MPa | 80 mesh | 31.5HBS |
| Contrasting cookware D5# | 0.4MPa | 80 mesh | 31.5HBS |
Pot No. 11-20 is treated by the method, a physical polishing method is adopted after hard oxidation, and a 180-mesh polishing wheel is used for rotary polishing to remove a surface loose layer; compared with cookware D1# -D5# hard oxidation without subsequent treatment.
TABLE 2 comparison of the hardness of the surface of the aluminum alloy blank after the surface treatment method of the aluminum alloy blank in this example
It can be known from table 2 that the hardness of the compact oxide layer is reversely screened by controlling the low-temperature anodic oxidation parameters, the non-stick layer such as teflon is sprayed on the aluminum alloy blank with high hardness and compact oxide layer suitable for being sprayed to obtain a compact continuous non-stick layer to prepare the cookware 21# -30#, the high-pressure sand blasting and shot blasting process is compared with the low-temperature anodic oxidation process of the embodiment, the pores are formed on the surface of the oxide layer without removing the surface loose layer, and then the non-stick layer with the same thickness as that of the cookware 21# -30# is sprayed on the surface of the aluminum alloy with the same material as that of the cookware 21# -30# to prepare the cookware D21# -D25 # for comparison.
Testing the inadhesion and the wear resistance of cookware 21# -30# and comparative cookware D21# to D25# according to the standard GB/T32095.2-2015, wherein the inadhesion tests are qualified; the evaluation indexes of the wear resistance are that the non-stick layer has no obvious grinding mark and the matrix is exposed. The wear resistance test is carried out on cookware with 1O port from cookware 21# to cookware 30# for 60000 times of circulation, and no obvious grinding mark and no exposure of a base body are seen, as shown in figure 5. In contrast, in comparative pots D21# to D25# no significant wear and bare substrates were observed after 11000 cycles, and significant wear and bare substrates began after 12000 cycles, as shown in FIG. 6.
According to the standard GB/T32095.3-2015, corrosion resistance tests are respectively carried out on the cookware 21# to 30# prepared according to the embodiment and a comparison cookware, and the evaluation indexes of the cookware are that the surface is flat, the color is uniform, no pore exists, no crack exists, no bubble exists and no drop exists, the surface states of the cookware 21# to 30# subjected to the corrosion resistance tests are shown in figure 7, the pictures of the cookware D21# to D25# subjected to the corrosion resistance tests are shown in figure 8, and the comparison shows that the continuous, smooth and high-hardness aluminum alloy blank used for loading the non-stick layer constructed by the invention fully ensures the continuity and stability of the non-stick layer, the cookware 21# to 30# prepared by the invention has flat and no trace on the surface after the corrosion resistance tests, the structural stability of the non-stick layer is fully embodied, and the non-stick structure is complete; the surface appearances of cookware D21# to D25 are tested to be changed by inverse observation and comparison, and the comparison of pictures shows that although cookware D21# to D25 made by the invention has the corrosion resistance of cookware 21# to 30# which can pass GB/T32095.3-2015, the appearance changes of figures 7 and 8 show that the corrosion resistance of the non-stick layer of the cookware made by the invention is better, so that the invention proves that the structure stability of the non-stick layer and the compactness of the film layer are effectively improved by the optimization and construction of the compact oxide layer with high hardness, smoothness and smoothness on the surface of the blank.
As shown in table 1, table 2 and fig. 5 to 8, pits are uniformly and regularly distributed on the inner wall of the aluminum alloy blank body, the pits are perpendicular to the sprayed surface where the aluminum alloy blank body is located, and the oxide film is prepared by further matching with plasma polishing and low-temperature anodic oxidation, particularly in the process of low-temperature anodic oxidation, an oxide layer is gradually formed after the current of the low-temperature anodic oxidation is gradually increased step by controlling, and firstly, the existence of the regular pits is favorable for the rapid and deep proceeding of the low-temperature anodic oxidation; the current is further increased, so that a pore structure is generated on the surface of the oxidation layer, while the pore structure is generated on the surface layer of the oxidation layer, the electrolyte and the current further act on the hardness of a compact oxidation film on the surface of the aluminum alloy blank body to further enhance and compact the hardness, and then a surface loose layer with the hardness lower than that of the compact oxidation layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy blank body is removed, so that a stable structure support of the compact oxidation layer on the non-stick layer uniformly distributed on the surface of the compact oxidation layer is obtained; according to the invention, the formation of the oxide layer is promoted by matching the low-temperature anodic oxidation with the pits, the compact oxide layer integrally connected with the blank is obtained by further utilizing the process adjustment that the increase of the low-temperature anodic oxidation current is not beneficial to forming holes on the surface of the oxide film, and the surface with the pits for coating the compact non-stick layer, which is high in hardness and continuous, regular and smooth, is prepared by matching with physical polishing, so that the hardness and the smoothness of the compact oxide layer in contact with the non-stick layer are enhanced, the uniform, continuous and compact coating of the non-stick layer is ensured, the hardness of the compact oxide layer in close fit connection with the non-stick layer can reach more than HRC60, the stable and non-deformation of the compact non-stick layer structure is effectively ensured, the risk of falling of the non-stick layer is reduced, and the service life of a cookware is prolonged; compared with the prior art that the stability and compactness of the non-stick layer are enhanced by increasing the result of the split structure arrangement, the method adopts the concept of subtraction to realize the preparation of the compact oxide layer of the aluminum alloy blank body, and the stable connection between the aluminum alloy blank body and the non-stick layer is enhanced by heating.
The qualified rate of the surface uniformity of the cookware manufactured by the invention can reach 99.8 percent, while the qualified rate of the cookware manufactured by the prior art is 96.2 percent calculated by the same surface uniformity test through preparing the metal layer in contact with the non-stick layer by hot melt injection, and the cookware manufactured by the invention has uniform surface and compact non-stick layer, and can ensure the wear resistance and the acid and alkali resistance.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a cooking pot, the cooking pot is provided with an aluminum alloy blank and a compact non-stick layer coated on the blank, and is characterized in that:
the surface treatment method of the aluminum alloy blank comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly and regularly distributing pits on the inner wall of an aluminum alloy blank through high-pressure shot blasting, wherein the pits are vertical to a sprayed surface where the pits are located;
s2, removing fine burrs formed by shot blasting on the edges of the pits in the S1 by plasma polishing;
s3, performing low-temperature anodic oxidation to form an oxide film growing on the inner wall of the aluminum alloy blank body on the side, provided with the pits, of the inner wall of the aluminum alloy blank body after the step S2; wherein the oxide film comprises a surface loose layer and a compact oxide layer in sequence along the thickness direction of the blank body;
wherein the hardness of the dense oxide layer is higher than that of the surface loose layer;
s4, removing the surface loose layer on the surface of the blank body by physical polishing to obtain a compact oxide layer for coating the non-stick layer;
and S5, spraying a non-stick layer on the surface of the compact oxide layer prepared in the step S4 to obtain the target cooking pot.
2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific process of the high-pressure shot blasting in the S1 comprises the following steps:
the working pressure of the spray gun is 0.8 to 0.95MPa;
the spray head of the spray gun is vertical to the sprayed surface;
the spray head of the spray gun keeps the same distance L with the sprayed surface of the inner wall of the blank body, wherein L is 10-20 cm;
the rigid jet used in the shot blasting process is one or more of steel grit, steel balls and diamond particles;
the rigid jets have a diameter of 0.6mm to 2.0mm.
3. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the specific mode of high-pressure shot blasting in the S1 is as follows:
forming a concentric circular array by the continuous rotating movement track of the high-pressure shot blasting, and sequentially carrying out shot blasting on the pot bottom, the transition region of the pot bottom and the side wall from the center of the pot bottom of the cooking pot;
until the pits with equal depth are regularly and uniformly distributed on the surface of the aluminum alloy blank.
4. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the method for detecting the regular dispersion degree of the pits produced by high-pressure shot blasting in S1 comprises the following steps:
s11, placing the aluminum alloy blank subjected to high-pressure shot blasting on a measuring platform;
s12, at least 10 to 20 ultrasonic measurement point positions which are equidistant to the surface of the aluminum alloy blank body are arranged at intervals along a detection moving route formed by the aluminum alloy blank body from a first detection position of the side wall, the surface of a transition region, the surface of the bottom of a pot, the surface of the transition region and a second detection position of the side wall; wherein the first detection position of the sidewall is opposite the second detection position of the sidewall;
s13, ultrasonically detecting the depth of the pits on the surface of the aluminum alloy blank along the detection moving path to obtain pit depth data which are prepared by the same shot blasting process parameters along the detection moving path, collecting the pit depth data and preparing an average depth comparison line of the pits;
s14, conveying the aluminum alloy blank to be detected, which is subjected to the pit processing by the same shot blasting process parameter, to a measuring platform, ultrasonically measuring the pit distribution condition on the surface of the aluminum alloy blank along a detection moving path to obtain a pit depth actual distribution curve, comparing the pit depth actual distribution curve with an average depth comparison line under the same shot blasting process parameter, judging whether the fluctuation of the actual pit depth distribution curve relative to the average depth comparison line is within a set threshold value, and determining that the obtained aluminum alloy blank enters S2 or is subjected to recycling treatment.
5. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S3, the aluminum alloy blank body passing through S2 is placed into an oxidation tank for anodic hard oxidation, and the oxidation tank liquid is H with the mass fraction of 18-26% 2 SO 4 (ii) a The working temperature of the oxidation pond is-7 ℃ to 1 ℃.
6. The production method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the process parameters of anode hard oxidation in S3 are as follows:
the initial voltage is 15-20V, the termination voltage is 40-50V, and the voltage is controlled to rise at the speed of 0.5-2V/min;
the oxidation initiation current density was 0.5A/dm 2 Gradually increasing the current density to 2.5A/dm in several times 2 To 3.0A/dm 2 Then the current is kept constant until the oxidation is finished.
7. The method of manufacturing according to claim 6, characterized in that: the current density was gradually increased to maintain a constant current density from 5 to 8 times in 20 to 30 min.
8. The production method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the oxidation time is 20 to 30 minutes.
9. The production method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the thickness of the oxide film is 50 μm to 60 μm; wherein the hardness of the surface loose layer is more than HRC36, the hardness of the compact oxidation layer is more than HRC60, and the thickness of the compact oxidation layer is 25-40 μm.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (4) detecting the uniformity and compactness of the non-stick layer on the surface of the target cooking pot prepared in the step (S5), wherein the specific detection method comprises the following steps:
s61, vertically photographing along a surface vertical to one side of a cooker to be detected, which is coated with the non-stick layer, to obtain a sampling image of a fixed area above 20, wherein the vertical photographing position comprises a cooker bottom and a side wall of the cooker and a transition area between the cooker bottom and the side wall;
s62, taking the gray value of any point pixel in the image, and radiating outwards by taking the point as a center; comparing the gray value of the pixel of the adjacent point with the gray value of the point to obtain a difference value delta T, and recording the comparison quantity X;
s63, if the X value is larger than 60% of the pixel points of the sampling image, the gray values of all the recorded adjacent points are averaged to obtain a standard gray value T Standard of merit ；
S64, when delta T and T in any sampling image in the cooking pot to be detected Standard of reference The absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to 10, and the uniformity of the obtained non-stick layer of the cooking pot is qualified; such as delta T and T Standard of reference If the absolute value of the difference is larger than 10, the uniformity of the non-stick layer on the surface of the obtained cookware is unqualified, and the recycling treatment is carried out.
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