CN115874135A - Double-ceramic-layer wear-resistant self-lubricating coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Double-ceramic-layer wear-resistant self-lubricating coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of high-temperature-resistant coatings, and particularly relates to a double-ceramic-layer wear-resistant self-lubricating coating and a preparation method thereof. The coating is formed by spraying a bonding bottom layer with nickel-chromium-aluminum-yttrium-silicon NiCrAlYSi function on the surface of a metal matrix by adopting supersonic flame spraying, and spraying nickel-chromium/chromium carbide + fluoride-containing nickel-chromium/chromium carbide eutectic NiCr/Cr on the surface of a metal matrix by adopting supersonic flame spraying 3 C 2 +NiCr/Cr 3 C 2 BaF 2 ·CaF 2 As intermediate layer, supersonic flame spraying NiCr/Cr carbide NiCr/Cr containing calcium fluoride, barium fluoride eutectic and silver 3 C 2 ‑BaF 2 ·CaF 2 The Ag is used as a surface layer, the coating has satisfactory bonding strength and anti-stripping capability, the service life of the runway and the brush wire in a high-speed friction and wear environment is prolonged to the greatest extent, faults and scrappage caused by stripping of the surface coating of the runway or fusing and deformation of the brush wire are avoided, and the sealing effect of the sealing system is integrally improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of high-temperature-resistant coatings, and particularly relates to a double-ceramic-layer wear-resistant self-lubricating coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The brush type sealing device of the aircraft engine is a contact type sealing device, the brush wires and the dual track form interference fit, and the rotor is allowed to work in a state with certain deviation, so that the sealing device has higher sealing performance. The aero-engine has the advantages of high air or gas pressure, high temperature, ultrahigh rotating speed (up to 30000 rpm), large friction heat generation quantity and the like, and the gas turbine also needs to have the requirement of long service life, so the performance requirements on the brush wire and the runway are high. The surface of the track is typically coated with an abrasion resistant coating to resist wear of the brush filaments and to improve the life of the track. However, the engine is in a harsh environment, the wear-resistant coating on the runway can crack, crack and peel, the brush wires can also deform and burn after being ground, the sealing performance of the brush type sealing system is greatly damaged, and the sealing effect is greatly influenced. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a wear-resistant self-lubricating coating system with high bonding strength, high compactness and good abrasion performance with brush wires, which is suitable for the brush seal, and a preparation process thereof.
In order to meet the use requirement of the temperature below 800 ℃, nickel chromium/chromium carbide (NiCr/Cr) is generally adopted 3 C 2 ) And (3) wear-resistant coating. Although the carbide coating enhances the wear resistance of the surface of the sealing disk runway, the friction performance of the coating with brush wires and the thermal shock resistance of the coating with a substrate are insufficient under the working conditions of high sealing pressure, high environmental temperature and high interface sliding speed of an aeroengine, and the single-layer nickel-chromium/chromium carbide coating and the metal substrate crack and peel due to residual thermal stress generated by thermal expansion mismatching. The prior research results show that the multi-layer coating system can reduce the thermal stress between the coating layers, thereby improving the thermal cycle performance of the coating layers. In addition, calcium fluoride, fluorineBarium, silver and other materials have low shear resistance and are good solid lubricants.
Disclosure of Invention
The single-layer carbide coating has lower thermal shock performance because the thermal expansion coefficient of a carbide material is lower, the thermal expansion mismatching of the ceramic layer and a metal substrate is increased, larger residual thermal stress is generated in the coating under the cold-hot alternating environment of an engine, and the anti-stripping capability of the coating is adversely affected by the high-speed friction of the brush wires 3 C 2 ) Adding solid lubricant such as calcium fluoride, barium fluoride, silver and the like into the powder material to form a nickel-chromium/chromium carbide and fluoride-containing nickel-chromium/chromium carbide eutectic (NiCr/Cr) 3 C 2 +NiCr/Cr 3 C 2 BaF 2 ·CaF 2 ) Coating material and nickel chromium/chromium carbide (NiCr/Cr) containing calcium fluoride, barium fluoride eutectic and silver 3 C 2 -BaF 2 ·CaF 2 The Ag) coating material realizes component transition of the wear-resistant self-lubricating coating, provides good lubricating high-temperature characteristic for a friction pair by reducing the friction coefficient of the wear-resistant coating, and obviously improves the friction performance of the wear-resistant coating of the runway and the brush wire.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the wear-resistant self-lubricating coating with double ceramic layers is characterized in that the coating is used for bonding a bottom layer under the action of a metal substrate sprayed with nickel-chromium-aluminum-yttrium-silicon NiCrAlYSi, and nickel-chromium/chromium carbide + fluoride-containing nickel-chromium/chromium carbide eutectic NiCr/Cr 3 C 2 +NiCr/Cr 3 C 2 BaF 2 ·CaF 2 As an intermediate layer, a nickel-chromium/chromium carbide NiCr/Cr containing calcium fluoride, barium fluoride eutectic and silver 3 C 2 -BaF 2 ·CaF 2 + Ag as the top layer.
Furthermore, the NiCrAlYSi alloy powder of the bonding bottom layer is sprayed with fine-grained powder to improve the oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of the bonding bottom layer, and meanwhile, the NiCrAlYSi alloy powder has good wettability with metal matrix alloy and carbide coatings, and enhances the bonding strength between the coating and the matrix and the coating, wherein the grain size range of the powder is 20-45 mu m, and the mass percentages of the elements are 15-25% of Cr, 5-15% of Al, 0.05-2.0% of Y and 0.1-3.0% of Si.
Furthermore, the intermediate layer NiCr/Cr of the double-ceramic-layer wear-resistant self-lubricating coating 3 C 2 +NiCr/Cr 3 C 2 BaF 2 ·CaF 2 NiCr in the powder is a high-temperature binding phase, so that the necessary mechanical, oxidation and corrosion resistance of a coating is provided, and the oxidation and ablation of core particles in the spraying process are reduced; cr 3 C 2 The coating is a hard wear-resistant phase, so that the strength and the wear resistance of the coating are obviously enhanced; baF 2 ·CaF 2 The eutectic is a high-temperature solid lubricating phase and is used for reducing the friction and the wear of the coating and the brush wire, realizing good component transition with a surface layer, reducing the thermal stress between layers and improving the bonding strength of the coating, the particle size range of the powder is 45-53 mu m, and the NiCr/Cr is 3 C 2 With NiCr/Cr 3 C 2 BaF 2 ·CaF 2 The powder content ratio is 1:1, and the mass percent of each component phase is Cr 3 C 2 65-80% of NiCr, 20-30% of NiCr and CaF 2 、BaF 2 Accounting for 1 percent to 5 percent.
Furthermore, the surface layer of the wear-resistant self-lubricating coating with double ceramic layers is made of BaF 2 ·CaF 2 Eutectic, ag, cr 3 C 2 The core is a NiCr alloy coating layer, the shell is a NiCr alloy coating layer, and the particle size range of the powder is as follows: 20-53 μm, the powder particles of the components have the same density, the thermal conductivity coefficient, the specific heat capacity and other thermal physical parameters are the same, and the mass percentage of each component phase is Cr 3 C 2 58-68 percent of NiCr, 22-30 percent of NiCr and CaF 2 、BaF 2 1-10 percent of Ag and 1-10 percent of Ag.
Furthermore, the thickness of the bonding bottom layer is 80-120 μm, and the thicknesses of the middle layer and the surface layer are 100-120 μm respectively.
A preparation method of a double-ceramic-layer wear-resistant self-lubricating coating comprises the following steps:
step 1), pretreatment of spraying;
step 2) supersonic flame spraying of the bonding bottom layer:
using JP5000 supersonic flame spraying equipment with oxygen and kerosene as fuel, wherein the spraying distance is 330-370 mm, the powder feeding rate is 40-60 g/min, the oxygen pressure is 200-240 psi, the flow rate is 1600-1850 SCFH, and the kerosene pressure and flow rate are 210-240 psi and 5.5-6.5 GPH respectively;
step 3) supersonic flame spraying of the intermediate layer and the surface layer:
the JP5000 supersonic flame spraying equipment using oxygen and kerosene as fuel is used, the spraying distance is 350-400 mm, the powder feeding rate is 40 g-50 g/min, the oxygen pressure is 200-240 psi, the flow rate is 1600-1800 SCFH, and the kerosene pressure and flow rate are 210-240 psi and 5.0-5.5 GPH respectively.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the invention is characterized in that nickel chromium aluminum yttrium silicon (NiCrAlYSi) is sprayed on the surface of a metal matrix at a supersonic speed to be used as a metal bonding bottom layer, so that the oxidation resistance of a coating system is improved; the supersonic flame spraying nickel-chromium/chromium carbide + fluoride-containing nickel-chromium/chromium carbide eutectic (NiCr/Cr 3C2+ NiCr/Cr3C2 BaF 2. CaF 2) is used as an intermediate layer to improve the matching with the substrate and the thermal cycle performance of the coating; finally, supersonic flame spraying a nickel-chromium/chromium carbide (NiCr/Cr 3C2-BaF 2. CaF2+ Ag) coating containing fluoride and silver to improve the lubricating property of a coating system and ensure that the coating system has good frictional wear performance and satisfactory coating thermal cycle performance;
2. the bonding strength of the double-ceramic-layer wear-resistant self-lubricating coating is more than 50MPa and is higher than that of the conventional wear-resistant self-lubricating coating; the hardness is more than HV0.3650, and the wear resistance is good; the heat shock resistance frequency is more than 100 times at 700 ℃, the heat shock resistance is excellent, the friction coefficient is 0.26 at 800 ℃, and the tribology performance is obviously improved.
3. The double-ceramic-layer wear-resistant self-lubricating coating adopts a structural system of a bonding bottom layer and double carbide ceramic layers, so that the matching performance between the coating and a substrate and the coating is integrally improved, the thermal cycle performance of the coating is improved, the peeling of the coating in the using process is reduced, the coating has satisfactory bonding strength and peeling resistance, the service life of a runway and brush wires in a high-speed friction and wear environment is prolonged to the greatest extent, the faults and the scrappage caused by the peeling of the coating on the surface of the runway or the fusing and deformation of the brush wires are avoided, and the sealing effect of a sealing system is integrally improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the coefficient of friction of NiCr/Cr3C2-BaF 2. CaF2+ Ag coatings at different temperatures.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples of the specification.
The spraying test of the double-ceramic-layer wear-resistant self-lubricating coating is carried out on the sealing disc track of the brush type sealing system of the engine by supersonic flame spraying.
The process flow is as follows:
part inspection → acetone degreasing → appearance inspection → sand blowing protection → dry sand blowing → cleaning → spraying protection → clamping → supersonic flame spraying bonding bottom layer → supersonic flame spraying middle layer → supersonic flame spraying surface layer → appearance inspection.
The dry sand blowing treatment before spraying is used for cleaning, coarsening and activating the surface of the runway matrix alloy and improving the bonding strength between the bonding layer and the alloy matrix.
The technological parameters of spraying the bonding bottom layer are as follows: using JP5000 supersonic flame spraying equipment using oxygen and kerosene as fuel, wherein the spraying distance is 350mm, the powder feeding rate is 50g/min, the oxygen pressure is 220psi, the flow rate is 1800SCFH, and the kerosene pressure and flow rate are 230psi and 6.1GPH respectively;
the technological parameters of spraying the middle layer and the surface layer are as follows: a JP5000 supersonic flame spraying apparatus using oxygen and kerosene as fuel was used, the spraying distance was 350mm, the powder feeding rate was 40g/min, the oxygen pressure was 220psi, the flow rate was 1700SCFH, and the kerosene pressure and flow rate were 230psi and 5.5GPH, respectively.
Selection of raw materials:
NiCrAlYSi alloy powder for bonding the bottom layer, wherein the particle size of the powder is 45 mu m, and the mass percent of each element is 20 percent of Cr, 10 percent of Al, 1 percent of Y, 2 percent of Si and the balance of nickel;
intermediate layer NiCr/Cr 3 C 2 +NiCr/Cr 3 C 2 BaF 2 ·CaF 2 The powder particle size was 53 μm, niCr/Cr 3 C 2 With NiCr/Cr 3 C 2 BaF 2 ·CaF 2 The mass percentage of the powder is 1 3 C 2 75% of NiCr, 20% of CaF 2 、BaF 2 5 percent of the total weight;
surface NiCr/Cr 3 C 2 -BaF 2 ·CaF 2 The grain diameter of the + Ag powder is 45 μm, the densities of the powder particles of the components are the same, the thermophysical parameters are the same, and Cr is 3 C 2 60% of NiCr, 25% of NiCr and CaF 2 、BaF 2 10% of Ag and 5% of Ag.
The thickness of the bonding layer of the obtained double-ceramic-layer wear-resistant self-lubricating coating is 80 micrometers, the thickness of the middle layer is 100 micrometers, and the thickness of the surface layer is 110 micrometers.
The average value of the bonding strength test results of the wear-resistant self-lubricating coating is 62MPa, and fracture mainly occurs in the nickel-chromium/chromium carbide coating containing calcium fluoride, barium fluoride eutectic and silver near the interface of the middle layer/the surface layer.
A thermal shock test with the test temperature of 800 ℃ is carried out on the thermal barrier coating by adopting a forced air cooling method, and the observation of the surface and the section appearance of the coating after 100 times of thermal shock tests shows that the surface of the coating has no peeling phenomenon and the interface of the coating has no cracking phenomenon. The test result shows that the double-layer ceramic structure wear-resistant self-lubricating coating has good thermal shock resistance.
As shown in FIG. 1, the coefficient of friction curve of NiCr/Cr3C2-BaF 2. CaF2+ Ag coating at different temperatures shows that the coefficient of friction of the coating at room temperature fluctuates greatly, and as the temperature rises, the coefficient of friction of the coating becomes more and more stable, the fluctuation becomes smaller, and the coefficient of friction curve becomes smoother. This indicates that the higher the temperature, the smaller the friction coefficient of the coating of the solid lubricant containing eutectic fluoride and silver, and the more excellent the wear resistance and lubricating performance of the coating in the high temperature environment of the engine.
Claims (6)
1. The wear-resistant self-lubricating coating with double ceramic layers is characterized in that the coating is used for bonding a bottom layer by the action of a metal substrate sprayed with nickel-chromium-aluminum-yttrium-silicon NiCrAlYSi, and is used for bonding nickel-chromium/chromium carbide and fluoride-containing nickel-chromium/chromium carbide eutectic NiCr/Cr 3 C 2 +NiCr/Cr 3 C 2 BaF 2 ·CaF 2 As an intermediate layer, a nickel-chromium/chromium carbide NiCr/Cr containing calcium fluoride, barium fluoride eutectic and silver 3 C 2 -BaF 2 ·CaF 2 + Ag as the top layer.
2. The wear-resistant self-lubricating coating with double ceramic layers according to claim 1, wherein the NiCrAlYSi alloy powder for bonding the bottom layer has a particle size range of 20-45 μm, and the mass percentages of the elements are 15-25% of Cr, 5-15% of Al, 0.05-2.0% of Y and 0.1-3.0% of Si.
3. The wear-resistant self-lubricating coating with two ceramic layers according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer NiCr/Cr 3 C 2 +NiCr/Cr 3 C 2 BaF 2 ·CaF 2 The grain size of the powder is 45-53 mu m, niCr/Cr 3 C 2 And NiCr/Cr 3 C 2 BaF 2 ·CaF 2 The powder content ratio is 1:1, and the mass percent of each component phase is Cr 3 C 2 65-80% of NiCr, 20-30% of NiCr and CaF 2 、BaF 2 Accounting for 1 percent to 5 percent.
4. The wear-resistant self-lubricating coating with double ceramic layers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface layer is made of BaF 2 ·CaF 2 Eutectic, ag, cr 3 C 2 The core is a NiCr alloy coating layer, the shell is a NiCr alloy coating layer, and the particle size range of the powder is as follows: 20-53 μm, the powder particles of the components have the same density, the heat conductivity coefficient, the thermal conductivity coefficient and the specific heat capacity are the same, and the mass percentage of each component phase is Cr 3 C 2 58-68 percent of NiCr, 22-30 percent of NiCr and CaF 2 、BaF 2 1-10 percent of Ag and 1-10 percent of Ag.
5. The wear-resistant self-lubricating coating with double ceramic layers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the bonding bottom layer is 80 μm to 120 μm, and the thickness of the middle layer and the surface layer is 100 μm to 120 μm respectively.
6. The preparation method of the double-ceramic-layer wear-resistant self-lubricating coating of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), pretreatment of spraying;
step 2) supersonic flame spraying of the bonding bottom layer:
using JP5000 supersonic flame spraying equipment with oxygen and kerosene as fuel, wherein the spraying distance is 330-370 mm, the powder feeding rate is 40-60 g/min, the oxygen pressure is 200-240 psi, the flow rate is 1600-1850 SCFH, and the kerosene pressure and flow rate are 210-240 psi and 5.5-6.5 GPH respectively;
step 3) supersonic flame spraying the intermediate layer and the surface layer:
the JP5000 supersonic flame spraying equipment using oxygen and kerosene as fuel is used, the spraying distance is 350-400 mm, the powder feeding rate is 40 g-50 g/min, the oxygen pressure is 200-240 psi, the flow rate is 1600-1800 SCFH, and the kerosene pressure and flow rate are 210-240 psi and 5.0-5.5 GPH respectively.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117305748A (en) * | 2023-11-28 | 2023-12-29 | 北矿新材科技有限公司 | High-temperature self-lubricating abradable seal coating and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117305748A (en) * | 2023-11-28 | 2023-12-29 | 北矿新材科技有限公司 | High-temperature self-lubricating abradable seal coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN117305748B (en) * | 2023-11-28 | 2024-02-23 | 北矿新材科技有限公司 | High-temperature self-lubricating abradable seal coating and preparation method thereof |
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