CN115874126B - Aging-strengthening magnesium alloy strengthening and toughening treatment and preparation process - Google Patents
Aging-strengthening magnesium alloy strengthening and toughening treatment and preparation process Download PDFInfo
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- CN115874126B CN115874126B CN202211583847.8A CN202211583847A CN115874126B CN 115874126 B CN115874126 B CN 115874126B CN 202211583847 A CN202211583847 A CN 202211583847A CN 115874126 B CN115874126 B CN 115874126B
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 241000251131 Sphyrna Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a strengthening and toughening treatment and a preparation process of an aging-strengthened magnesium alloy, which are used for preparing magnesium alloy materials (such as WE43/WE54/ZM6, and the like), a common high-temperature furnace, an aging furnace and a high-power optical microscope; cold deforming the magnesium alloy material at room temperature; homogenizing and carrying out solid solution treatment on the magnesium alloy material; quenching the homogenized magnesium alloy material after solution treatment to room temperature; performing thermoplastic deformation with large deformation amount on the magnesium alloy material subjected to cold deformation treatment at room temperature; after thermal deformation, the magnesium alloy material is water quenched into room temperature circulating water; and finally, performing double-order regulation heat treatment on the magnesium alloy material. The preparation process of the high-strength and high-toughness magnesium alloy is suitable for magnesium alloy products with various sizes, combines fine-grain strengthening and dispersion strengthening, and improves the comprehensive mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy. Taking WE43 rare earth magnesium alloy as an example: the invention not only improves the strength, but also can increase the plasticity, and obtains the excellent performance of tensile strength of 430-470MPa and elongation of 10-15%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnesium alloy hot processing, and particularly relates to an aging-reinforced magnesium alloy toughening treatment and a preparation process.
Background
The magnesium alloy is used as the lightest engineering metal material, is praised as green metal in the 21 st century by virtue of high specific strength, specific rigidity and creep resistance, is widely applied to the fields of aerospace and electronic information, and is an implanted metal-like material with few medical fields due to good biocompatibility. The deformation processing of magnesium alloys is greatly restricted due to the typical close-packed hexagonal crystal structure. Therefore, the development of novel magnesium alloys to fundamentally improve the workability has become a popular research direction.
At present, the rare earth magnesium alloy is endowed with excellent corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, casting performance and good deformation performance due to the addition of Y, nd alloy elements. The toughening treatment of the rare earth magnesium alloy should include two aspects, namely plastic deformation and heat treatment, which are not separable. At present, although the magnesium alloy with high rare earth content can achieve higher mechanical property, the production cost is higher, and the industrialization popularization of materials is completely unfavorable. In addition, the current mainstream rare earth magnesium alloy strengthening and toughening treatment process does not fully exert the effect of rare earth elements, and the mechanical properties of the correspondingly treated product are lower. This is a major bottleneck limiting the development and application of magnesium alloys.
The grain fine-grain strengthening is the only principle method for improving the material strength and the material plasticity in the field of metal research, so the scheme explores how to combine the fine-grain strengthening and the dispersion strengthening, and is suitable for rare earth magnesium alloy products with various sizes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a strengthening and toughening treatment and preparation process of an aging-strengthened magnesium alloy, which solves the technical problem of how to improve the high toughness performance of a large-size magnesium alloy, combines fine grain strengthening with dispersion strengthening, and not only improves the material strength, but also improves the material plasticity. The typical effect is that the WE43 rare earth magnesium alloy has excellent performance of tensile strength of 430-470MPa and elongation of 10-15%.
The strengthening and toughening treatment and preparation process of the aging-strengthened magnesium alloy specifically comprises the following steps:
Step S1: preparing a magnesium alloy material, a common high-temperature furnace, an aging furnace and a high-power optical microscope;
Step S2: homogenizing and carrying out solid solution treatment on the magnesium alloy material;
Step S3: quenching the homogenized magnesium alloy material after solution treatment to room temperature;
Step S4: cold deforming the magnesium alloy material at room temperature, wherein the deformation amount is 5% -20%;
Step S5: performing thermoplastic deformation with large deformation amount on the magnesium alloy material after cold deformation;
step S6: immediately water-quenching the magnesium alloy material into room-temperature circulating water after thermal deformation;
step S7: and finally, aging the magnesium alloy material.
In the step S2, the temperature is raised to 400-480 ℃ and kept for 5-8 h.
And step S5, heating to the homogenization solid solution temperature of 400-480 ℃, and carrying out thermoplastic deformation after heat preservation for 0.5-1 h.
In the step S7, in the aging treatment, firstly, the magnesium alloy material is heated to 100-150 ℃, and is kept at the temperature for 5-10 hours, finally, the furnace is cooled to 80 ℃, and is heated to 180 ℃ and is kept at the temperature for 5-10 hours, and then, the magnesium alloy material is air-cooled to the room temperature.
In the steps S4 and S5, the magnesium alloy material needs to preheat the upper and lower hammerheads before being deformed.
In the steps S4 and S5, the deformation mode of the magnesium alloy material includes any one of extrusion, rolling and rotary forging.
In the step S5, the thermoplastic deformation is 30% -85%, and the deformation enables the tissue to better meet the subsequent heat treatment requirements.
The main deformation methods of magnesium alloy such as extrusion, rolling and rotary forging can generate abnormal coarse deformed grains, and the refined grains and the precipitation strengthening of the fine dispersion distribution of the second phase are main target directions. However, it is often difficult to achieve both fine grain strengthening and higher precipitation strengthening effects. Due to the more pronounced separation characteristics of dynamic precipitation and static precipitation. Typical dynamic precipitation precipitated by non-obvious orientation of grain boundaries often seriously weakens the fine crystal strengthening effect of severe deformation such as extrusion and the like, and inevitably results in the performance of products with lower strength and toughness. Thus, reasonable deformation requires a combination of efficient static precipitation processes to substantially improve the contradiction. This is a key technical problem that restricts the wide application of the aging-strengthened magnesium alloy. The current mature heat treatment process does not fully utilize the coordination between large deformation and heat treatment to refine the structure and uniformly strengthen the phase, treats the magnesium alloy as a common alloy material, and does not fully play and utilize the precipitation and partial dissolution of the second phase. In the scheme, the technical prejudice is precisely overcome, and the strengthening and toughening treatment and the preparation process of the aging-strengthened magnesium alloy are provided. Taking WE43 rare earth magnesium alloy as an example, the brand new thought enables the magnesium alloy material to obtain excellent performance with tensile strength of 430-470MPa and elongation of 10-15%.
The principle of the invention is that after the deformed structure is analyzed, the second phase particles which are dispersed in advance provide nucleation sites and simultaneously prevent the growth of recrystallized grains, which jointly promotes the structure of the whole deformed metal to be further optimized, and the higher comprehensive mechanical property is obtained. The aging-strengthening magnesium alloy treated by the method can easily obtain comprehensive mechanical properties (for example, WE43 rare earth magnesium alloy reaches tensile strength of 430-470MPa and elongation of 10-15%) which cannot be obtained by a main stream treatment process, and the aging-strengthening magnesium alloy is a product property which is regulated by adopting a die-free unidirectional upsetting deformation method.
The wide application scene of the invention is to obtain the optimized uniform and fine organization and the products with corresponding excellent performances. However, there are few processes capable of simultaneously obtaining a second phase which refines coarse deformed grains and uniformly disperses the second phase for strengthening. The invention can efficiently fill the gap. If the invention is further promoted on the premise of protecting intellectual property rights, the invention plays a great promotion role in the application expansion of magnesium alloy in the fields of aerospace and electronic information.
The invention achieves the following remarkable effects:
(1) According to the invention, coarse deformed grains which cannot be eliminated by main flow deformation heat treatment are effectively and accurately prepared, and the precipitated phases are uniformly dispersed while the grains are obviously refined;
(2) After the main stream magnesium alloy is thermally deformed, coarse deformed grains are inevitably generated, the scheme skillfully avoids the overlarge precipitation size of second-phase particles, and also reserves proper storage energy for further recrystallization;
(3) According to the invention, as the main stream magnesium alloy thermoforming process is closely attached, after the deformation structure characteristics are accurately analyzed, regional heat treatment can be adopted on the deformation structure, so that a microstructure which is difficult to uniformly refine and a dispersed precipitated phase which is difficult to disperse in the traditional method are obtained;
by adding a small number of working procedures, the method can be realized under the conditions of ensuring short flow, short hot working time and medium and small deformation, and the mechanical performance which can only be obtained by adopting the extrusion process with extremely large deformation at present (for example, the WE43 rare earth magnesium alloy reaches the tensile strength of 430-470MPa, and the elongation of 10-15%).
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of the WE43 magnesium alloy under an optical microscope after large deformation.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the structure of the WE43 magnesium alloy under a scanning electron microscope after large deformation.
Fig. 3 is a detailed sem image obtained after aging treatment.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a heat treatment process for an aging-hardenable magnesium alloy material of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a representation of a transmission electron microscope of the present invention with a large number of dislocations in the substrate after the large deformation process.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the transmission electron microscope of the magnesium alloy material in the invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy material according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly describe the technical characteristics of the present solution, the present solution is described below by means of specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-7, an aging-strengthened magnesium alloy strengthening and toughening treatment and preparation process specifically comprises the following steps:
Step S1: preparing a magnesium alloy material, a common high-temperature furnace, an aging furnace and a high-power optical microscope;
Step S2: homogenizing and carrying out solid solution treatment on the magnesium alloy material;
Step S3: quenching the homogenized magnesium alloy material after solution treatment to room temperature;
Step S4: cold deforming the magnesium alloy material at room temperature, wherein the deformation amount is 5% -20%;
Step S5: performing thermoplastic deformation with large deformation amount on the magnesium alloy material after cold deformation;
step S6: immediately water-quenching the magnesium alloy material into room-temperature circulating water after thermal deformation;
step S7: and finally, aging the magnesium alloy material.
Taking a typical WE43 alloy as an example, in the step S2, the temperature is raised to 400-480 ℃ and kept for 5-8 hours.
And step S5, heating to the homogenization solid solution temperature of 400-480 ℃, and carrying out thermoplastic deformation after heat preservation for 0.5-1 h.
In the step S7, in the aging treatment, firstly, the magnesium alloy material is heated to 100-150 ℃, and is kept at the temperature for 5-10 hours, finally, the furnace is cooled to 80 ℃, and is heated to 180 ℃ and is kept at the temperature for 5-10 hours, and then, the magnesium alloy material is air-cooled to the room temperature.
In the steps S4 and S5, the magnesium alloy material needs to preheat the upper and lower hammerheads before being deformed.
In the steps S4 and S5, the deformation mode of the magnesium alloy material includes any one of extrusion, rolling and rotary forging.
In the step S5, the thermoplastic deformation is 30% -85%, and the deformation enables the tissue to better meet the subsequent heat treatment requirements.
The implementation of the scheme requires certain conditions: (1) 30% -60% large deformation; and (2) precipitating elements, namely ageing strengthening. Under the two conditions, the size of the magnesium alloy product is not limited any more by controlling the positions and the quantity of the precipitated nucleation, and the microstructure and the second phase which are dispersed and distributed and are difficult to uniformly refine by the traditional method can be obtained after the deformation structure characteristics of the complex deformed magnesium alloy product are accurately analyzed.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of WE43 magnesium alloy Material under different treatment conditions
| Basic parameters | Tensile strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Grain size (mum) |
| Cast state | 170 | 5 | 100 |
| Extrusion | 450 | 12 | 8 |
| Forging | 320 | 9 | 20 |
| Rolling | 330 | 15 | 20 |
| After the treatment of the invention | 430-470 | 10-15 | 9 |
Specifically, the grain boundary is a region in the structure where high energy is likely to precipitate, and particularly, the dislocation density in the vicinity of the grain boundary is high under the strain induction, and the precipitated precipitate is concentrated in the vicinity of the grain boundary. This is not clearly visible under the optical microstructural map. But the larger, grown recrystallized-deformed grains in the large-deformation thermo-compressed photomicrograph exhibit typical jagged boundaries, unlike the recrystallized grains with smooth boundaries where small, soon-before-day, grains are produced. This is mainly due to continuous dynamic recrystallization and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization during thermal deformation, see fig. 1.
Referring to fig. 2, during thermal deformation, precipitates are concentrated near the grain boundaries due to higher dislocation density in the vicinity of the grain boundaries under strain induction, and white regions in the drawing are typical grain boundary precipitation and intra-grain partial precipitation. It is also clear from the figure that large grains typically have a matte saw-toothed grain boundary surrounding smaller recrystallized grains with smooth grain boundaries.
Referring to FIG. 3, the grain size is drastically reduced from a larger grain size of 100-200 μm after thermal deformation to about 5-10. Mu.m. The microscopic texture in the tissue is not obvious, and the perfect combination of fine grain strengthening and precipitation strengthening is efficiently achieved.
Referring to fig. 5, it is clearly seen that a part of the second phase is precipitated in a chain form on the grain boundary, the precipitation around the grain boundary is not very strong, and the right region is doped with another part of the accumulated dislocation due to the blocking effect of the grain boundary.
Referring to fig. 6, the needle-like precipitation-strengthening phases inside each grain are densely and uniformly dispersed in almost parallel to each other throughout the entire structure, and almost different phases among different grains are needle-like precipitations. This will greatly increase the dislocation slip and the obstruction of the twinning migration.
Referring to FIG. 7, it is apparent from the graph that the excellent mechanical properties of the invention are achieved, the tensile strength is more than 430MPa, and the elongation is 10+%. In the processing method without mould limitation, the structure can be effectively improved only by a reasonable processing technology, so that the processing state with high value in the application field of magnesium alloy engineering is obtained.
The technical features of the present invention that are not described in the present invention may be implemented by or using the prior art, and are not described in detail herein, but the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, but is also intended to be within the scope of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
Claims (2)
1. The strengthening and toughening treatment and preparation process of the aging-strengthened magnesium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step S1: preparing a magnesium alloy material, a common high-temperature furnace, an aging furnace and a high-power optical microscope;
Step S2: homogenizing and carrying out solid solution treatment on the magnesium alloy material;
In the step S2, the temperature is raised to 400-480 ℃ and kept for 5-8 hours;
Step S3: quenching the homogenized magnesium alloy material after solution treatment to room temperature;
Step S4: cold deforming the magnesium alloy material at room temperature, wherein the deformation amount is 5% -20%;
Step S5: performing thermoplastic deformation with large deformation amount on the magnesium alloy material after cold deformation;
In the step S5, heating to the homogenization solid solution temperature of 400-480 ℃, and carrying out thermoplastic deformation after heat preservation for 0.5-1 h;
In the step S5, the thermoplastic deformation is 30% -85%, and the deformation enables the tissue to better meet the subsequent heat treatment requirements;
in the steps S4 and S5, the deformation mode of the magnesium alloy material includes any one of rolling and rotary forging;
step S6: immediately water-quenching the magnesium alloy material into room-temperature circulating water after thermal deformation;
step S7: finally, aging the magnesium alloy material;
In the step S7, in the aging treatment, firstly, a magnesium alloy material is heated to 100-150 ℃, and is kept at the temperature for 5-15 hours, finally, a furnace is cooled to 80 ℃, and is heated to 180 ℃ and is kept at the temperature for 5-10 hours, and then, the magnesium alloy material is air cooled to room temperature; wherein the magnesium alloy material is WE43 rare earth magnesium alloy.
2. The process for strengthening and toughening a magnesium alloy capable of being strengthened by aging according to claim 1, wherein in the steps S4 and S5, the magnesium alloy material needs to be preheated to the upper and lower hammerheads before being deformed.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102127725A (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2011-07-20 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing high-strength high-toughness magnesium alloy plate strip |
| CN113774298A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Strong plasticizing processing method of brittleness-prone rare earth magnesium alloy |
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| JP5348624B2 (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2013-11-20 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Magnesium alloy screw |
| KR101680046B1 (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2016-11-28 | 한국기계연구원 | Method for manufacturing high-strength wrought magnesium alloy by conducting aging treatment prior to plastic working and high-strength wrought magnesium alloy manufactured thereby |
| CN106148792B (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2019-02-22 | 上海交通大学 | The wrought magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof of high-intensitive high Gd content |
| CN108385007A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-10 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of high performance heat resistant deformed magnesium alloy material of low cost and preparation method thereof |
| CN108570583B (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2020-06-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Rare earth-free low-alloy magnesium alloy with ultrahigh strength and toughness and preparation method thereof |
| CN110983135B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-02-26 | 北京科技大学 | High-strength high-plasticity Mg-Ga-Li magnesium alloy capable of being rapidly aged and strengthened and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102127725A (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2011-07-20 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing high-strength high-toughness magnesium alloy plate strip |
| CN113774298A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Strong plasticizing processing method of brittleness-prone rare earth magnesium alloy |
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