CN115873753A - 具有缓解特发性震颤和睡眠障碍功能的植物乳杆菌l5及其应用 - Google Patents
具有缓解特发性震颤和睡眠障碍功能的植物乳杆菌l5及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115873753A CN115873753A CN202211130319.7A CN202211130319A CN115873753A CN 115873753 A CN115873753 A CN 115873753A CN 202211130319 A CN202211130319 A CN 202211130319A CN 115873753 A CN115873753 A CN 115873753A
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- lactobacillus plantarum
- essential tremor
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Abstract
本发明公开了具有缓解特发性震颤和睡眠障碍功能的植物乳杆菌L5及其应用。植物乳杆菌L5,其于2022年3月24日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心(GDMCC),地址:广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼,邮编:510070,保藏编号为:GDMCC No:62315。本发明提供的L5具备益生菌良好的益生特性和安全性,且体内功能显著,在开发镇定等功能食品方面具有较大的应用潜力,在作为改善睡眠和特发性震颤的医药产品中具有较大的应用价值。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于微生物技术领域,尤其涉及具有缓解特发性震颤和睡眠障碍功能的植物乳杆菌L5及其应用。
背景技术:
人类生命中大约三分之一的时间是在睡眠中度过。睡眠是人类最基本生理需求,是体力精力恢复的必须过程。良好的睡眠不仅可以恢复躯体的疲劳,还可以促进脑部功能,增强免疫功能、巩固记忆功能和认知功能、延缓衰老等多方面都具有非常重要的作用。
医护人员长期处于高工作负荷和高压力的精神状态,引起广泛的睡眠障碍问题。民众睡眠问题也日渐突出。对来自49个国家的493,475名受试者在2019年11月1日至2021年7月15日期间的睡眠障碍合并患病率的情况进行系统评价和荟萃分析。结果显示,全球睡眠障碍患病率约为36%。一般人群,发病率为32%,医护人员,发病率为36%。
当前睡眠障碍的治疗中,常见药物类型包括:①苯二氮类、非二氮类,前者又叫BZD药物,作用在GABAA受体的BZD结合位点上,通过增强脑内的GABA效能来发挥作用。其在抗癫痫、抗焦虑、共济失调等方面效果显著,但该药出现不良反应几率高,如认知功能缺损、宿醉反应以及失眠反弹等,突然停药,出现躁动、焦虑的可能性较高。后者又叫BzRA,如右佐匹克隆、佐匹克隆、扎来普隆以及唑吡坦等,主要作用于GABAA/Cl-通道复合体中苯二氮类受体的不同结合位点,临床疗效与苯二氮类药物相当。可选择性地抑制脑内神经递质5-羟色胺再摄取,具有抗抑郁和抗焦虑症状的作用,该药物易有耐药反应,有药物依赖表现;②褪黑激素受体激动剂,其不会产生药物依赖、药物成瘾情况,但在临床效果上备受质疑;③镇静性抗抑郁药物,如多塞平、阿米替林、去甲替林等,有助于睡眠,但可能造成精神性运动障碍、认知功能损伤等,老年群体发生率高。
特发性震颤(essential tremor,ET)是最常见的运动障碍性疾病,主要为手、头部及身体其他部位的姿位性和运动性震颤。特发性震颤具有相互矛盾的临床本质,一方面这是一种轻微的单症状疾病,另一方面,又是常见的进展性疾病,有显著的临床变异。该病的震颤,在注意力集中、精神紧张、疲劳、饥饿时加重,多数病例在饮酒后暂时消失,次日加重,这也是特发性震颤的临床特征。特发性震颤病因并不清楚,易与其他疾病产生的震颤混淆。
该病的确切病因仍不清楚。其产生可能是外周肌梭传入和中枢自律性振荡器共同作用的结果。丘脑腹中间核(ventro-intermediate nucleus,VIM)是接受本体感觉传入的核,其神经元节律性爆发性放电活动可能起了关键作用。用氧(15O)标记的CO2进行PET研究发现,选择性地双侧小脑、下橄榄核代谢功能亢进。用功能性核磁(FMRI)显示患肢对侧皮质运动和感觉区、苍白球、丘脑活动增强,双侧齿状核、小脑半球和红核活动亢进。这些提示震颤的产生是丘脑和运动皮质至脊髓通路中小脑-橄榄核环路震荡的结果。
当前特发性震颤的治疗中,常见药物类型包括:①乙醇(ethanol)很早发现饮酒可使大部分病人震颤暂时明显减少,但2-4h后震颤又再出现,并且幅度更大。临床发现随时间延长,需要更多乙醇(酒精)才能抑制震颤。长期用乙醇(酒精)治疗特发性震颤会导致酗酒,而且酒精戒断也会产生震颤,因此不能以乙醇(酒精)作为长期治。②肾上腺β-受体阻滞剂:普萘洛尔对特发性震颤有肯定治疗作用。大多数报道确认普萘洛尔可以减小手的姿位性震颤幅度,但频率不降低,对身体其他部位震颤的效果不理想,甚至完全无效。肾上腺β-受体阻滞剂阻滞了作用于中枢和外周的内源性儿茶酚胺。研究表明普萘洛尔具有较高的脂溶性能透过血脑屏障作用于中枢系统,因此效果最好,但相当一部分病人对其反应不理想且长期服药会导致耐受,引起心动过速、出汗、震颤和全身不适等戒断反应。③扑米酮:对于幅度大的震颤,扑米酮比普萘洛尔更有效,甚至可以把震颤降至无症状的幅度范围。在上消化道完全被吸收,3~5h内达到血清峰浓度。扑米酮在体内转化为两个活性代谢产物,一个是非结合型的苯乙丙二酰胺.约占50%,半衰期24~48h,另以产物苯巴比妥约一半是结合型,半衰期120h。苯巴比妥在慢性给药过程中,3周后才达到血清稳态浓度。扑米酮的抗震颤作用并不清楚。苯巴比妥具有GABA样怍用,而扑米酮与卡马西平、苯妥英的药理机制相似,都是作用于神经细胞膜,改变离子的流入。扑米酮治疗中1/5病人即使服用极小的剂量也可能出现急性毒性反应,如头昏、恶心、呕吐等。④其他药物在小样本的开放性研究中,可乐定有效。另外,小剂量氯氮平对大多数病人有效。氯硝西能减小以运动性成分为主的特发性震颤。碳酸酐酶抑制剂对头部和发声震颤高度有效,但也有完全无效的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一株具有缓解特发性震颤和睡眠障碍功效的益生菌-植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)L5,其于2022年3月24日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心(GDMCC),地址:广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼,邮编:510070,保藏编号为:GDMCC No:62315。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种植物乳杆菌L5在制备缓解特发性震颤或改善睡眠的药物中的应用。
本发明的另外一个目的是提供植物乳杆菌L5促进产生抑制性神经递质GABA中的应用。
本发明的另外一个目的是提供缓解特发性震颤或改善睡眠的药物,其含有植物乳杆菌L5作为活性成分。
所述的药物,其还可以还要药学上所包含的辅料。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种植物乳杆菌L5特异性分子靶标,所述的特异性分子靶标如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
本发明的另一目的在于提供检测植物乳杆菌L5的检测引物,所述的检测引物包括正向引物:5’-GGTGGCGATGGCATGTTACT-3’和反向引物:5’-TTGCCCCCAGTGGCAATAAA-3’。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种检测植物乳杆菌L5的方法,其包括以下步骤:
提取待样品的基因组DNA,用上述检测引物进行PCR扩增,如果能扩增出198bp的产物,则为植物乳杆菌L5,如果不能,则不是。
所述的PCR扩增,其反应体系是2×PCR Mix 12.5μl、10μmol/L正向引物1μl、10μmol/L反向引物1μl、模板DNA 1μl、dd H2O 9.5μl。
所述的PCR扩增,其反应程序是94℃30min;95℃30s、68℃30s、72℃30s,30个循环;72℃10min。
本发明的有益效果:
1.本发明提供的植物乳杆菌L5是从内蒙古牙克石市腌制的大酱中分离纯化所得,食品来源安全可靠。且根据抗生素药敏实验,植物乳杆菌L5对常见的7种抗生素不耐药;同时全基因组分析发现,该菌株并无毒力基因和耐药基因故其安全性高。
2.植物乳杆菌L5全基因组分析显示,具有编辑合成GABA的谷氨酸脱羧酶的基因gadB和gadC。
3.植物乳杆菌L5具有高效合成GABA的能力,ULPLC-MS测定显示,发酵上清中GABA的含量为231.71mg/L。
3.植物乳杆菌L5具有良好的耐胃肠液能力。在胃液存活率为78.62%,在肠液中3h的存活率为84.72%。
4.植物乳杆菌L5能够在戊巴比妥钠阈值实验中,可增加入睡只数,缩短睡眠潜伏期,延长睡眠时间。
5.植物乳杆菌L5能够在特发性震颤小鼠行为学实验中减缓特发性震颤模型的步态异常,改善活动能力、运动协调能力、上肢抓握能力及运动耐力。
本发明提供的L5具备益生菌良好的益生特性和安全性,且体内功能显著,在开发镇定等功能食品方面具有较大的应用潜力,在作为改善睡眠和特发性震颤的医药产品中具有较大的应用价值。
Lactobacillus plantarum L5于2022年3月24日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心(GDMCC),地址:广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼,邮编:510070,保藏编号为:GDMCCNo:62315。
附图说明
图1:gadB和gadC的挖掘;
图2:植物乳杆菌L5发酵上清中GABA产量测定;
图3:植物乳杆菌L5的体外耐胃肠液实验;
图4:植物乳杆菌L5共聚集与表面疏水性实验;
图5:植物乳杆菌L5溶血性实验;
图6:戊巴比妥钠阈值实验;其中(A)睡眠潜伏期;(B)入睡只数;(C)睡眠持续时间;
图7:植物乳杆菌L5改善特发性震颤评分测定;
图8:特发性震颤行为学指标测定;
图9:特发性震颤小鼠脑部炎症指标测定;
图10:植物乳杆菌L5干预后特发性震颤小鼠肠道代谢产物差异性分析;
图11:植物乳杆菌L5干预后特发性震颤小鼠小脑代谢产物差异性分析;
图12:植物乳杆菌L5的特异靶标验证电泳图;
图13:实时荧光定量PCR测定植物乳杆菌L5的肠道定植能力。
具体实施方式
为更清楚地表述本发明的技术方案,下面结合具体实施例进一步说明,不能用于限制本发明,此仅是本发明的部分实施例。
下述实施例中涉及的培养基如下
MRS琼脂平板(g/L):蛋白胨10.0g/L、牛肉膏5.0g/L、酵母膏粉4.0g/L、葡萄糖20.0g/L、吐温80 1.0ml/L、K2PO4·3H2O 2.0g/L、乙酸钠5.0g/L、柠檬酸三铵2.0g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.2g/L、MnSO4·4H2O 0.05g/L、琼脂20g/L,溶剂为水,其配制方法将各成分混合均匀,灭菌备用。MRS液体培养基无添加琼脂。
MRS肉汤培养基(g/L):酪蛋白酶消化物10.0g/L、牛肉膏10.0g/L、酵母膏粉4.0g/L、柠檬酸三铵2.0g/L、乙酸钠5.0g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.2g/L、MnSO4·4H2O 0.05g/L、K2PO4·3H2O 2.0g/L、葡萄糖20.0g/L、吐温80 1.0g/L,溶剂为水,其配制方法将各成分混合均匀,灭菌备用。
实施例1乳酸菌的分离、鉴定
(1)乳酸菌的分离
采集中国内蒙古自治区牙克石市大酱作为样本,在无菌环境下,取0.1g大酱样本加入5ml MRS液体培养基,震荡混匀后于37℃厌氧条件下富集培养24h,吸取0.5ml菌液进行梯度稀释。加入生理盐水制成10-1至10-5稀释梯度菌悬液,分别吸取10-3、10-4、10-5三个梯度菌悬液100μL至MRS琼脂培养基,使用涂布棒涂抹均匀,再于37℃厌氧条件下培养48h。挑取平板上单一的菌落至MRS琼脂培养基上进行划线纯化,两次纯化后挑取单菌落进行MALDI-TOF MS(BRUKER,Germany)鉴定,根据结果将益生菌接种入MRS液体培养基中,于37℃培养48h收集菌体用于菌体DNA的提取。
(2)乳酸菌的鉴定
采用细菌DNA提取试剂盒(Mabio,CHINA)进行细菌DNA提取,后采用2×PCR mix(Dongshengbio,CHINA)进行PCR扩增。PCR扩增引物采用16SrRNA基因通用引物,上游引物序列为27F:5’-AGA GTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3’;下游引物序列为1492R:5’-CTACGGCTACCTTGTTACGA-3’。PCR反应条件为:
预变性95℃5min;
95℃30s,56℃30s,72℃1min 30s共35个循环;
72℃退火延伸10min。
对PCR产物进行切胶回收后进行一代测序(由苏州金唯智生物科技有限公司完成)。获得的16SrRNA基因序列比对NCBI数据库(https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)进行鉴定,测序提示其与植物乳杆菌同源性最高,故将该菌株命名为植物乳杆菌L5。对该菌株进行二代全基因组。
(3)功能基因的挖掘
对二代测序结果进行拼接和注释,从中筛选出具有合成抑制性神经递质基因的菌株。GABA作为脑部主要的抑制性神经递质,在菌体内的合成主要有Gad系统调控。其中gadA和gadB调节谷氨酸脱羧酶的合成,gadC则通过调控跨膜蛋白GadC的合成而实现GABA从胞内到胞外的释放。
二代基因组测序结果显示,植物乳杆菌L5具有gadA、gadB和gadC基因(图1)。
(4)乳酸菌的活化、培养及保藏方法
从-80℃冰箱取出菌株后,于MRS琼脂培养基中活化两次。挑取菌落接种于MRS液体培养基中,在37℃厌氧培养24-48h。在培养好的菌液中加入甘油,保藏于-80℃的冰箱中。
植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)L5于2022年3月24日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心(GDMCC),地址:广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼,邮编:510070,保藏编号为:GDMCC No:62315。
实施例2益生菌发酵上清中GABA含量的测定
(1)乳酸菌发酵液的制备
将植物乳杆菌L5以109CFU接种于MRS肉汤培养基,于37℃厌氧培养48h。吸取菌悬液,4℃条件下12000×g离心10min,获发酵上清。采用0.22μm滤膜过滤发酵上清,获无细胞上清液,经比色法测定发酵上清中GABA的含量。
(2)UPLC-MS测定GABA含量。
2.1色谱条件
安捷伦ZORBAX SIL(4.6mm×250mm×5μm)硅胶正相色谱柱;流动相A:乙腈,B:水(0.1%甲酸),进行梯度洗脱,流速0.3mL/min,进样量2μL,柱温箱温度40℃
表1梯度洗脱体系
2.2质谱条件
安捷伦三重串联四级杆质谱,干燥气为氮气,干燥气温度:350℃,干燥气流速:11L/min,电喷雾离子源(ESI),毛细管电压:4kV,雾化气压力:40psi(1psi=6.895KPa),裂解电压:75V,离子化方式为正模式。碰撞能量:10V(γ-氨基丁酸),碰撞池加速电压:3V,检测方式为多重反应监测(MRM)方法,用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m/z 104.1→m/z 87.1(γ-氨基丁酸,[M+H]+)。
UPLC-MS结果如图2所示,包括植物乳杆菌L5在内的13株益生菌具有高产GABA的特性,对其进行益生特性评价。
实施例3植物乳杆菌L5益生性能评价
(1)植物乳杆菌L5的耐受人工胃液实验
将PBS(pH7.4)缓冲液用0.1mol/L HCl调节pH值为3.0,加入胃蛋白酶(3g/L),溶解后经0.22μm的无菌微孔滤膜过滤,现用现配。将所筛选出菌株植物乳杆菌L5菌液以体积比2%接种量接种于10mL MRS液体培养基中,37℃无氧条件下静置培养24h,经4000×g,10min离心收集菌体,PBS(pH7.4)洗涤菌体3次,用PBS调整菌液浓度到109CFU/mL。取1mL PBS重悬的菌液加入到5mL的模拟胃液中,同时加入1.5mL 0.5%(w/v)NaCl混匀,迅速放入37℃培养箱,培养0h和3h后,无菌生理盐水按1:10梯度稀释,吸取100μL稀释液用一次性涂布棒均匀涂布于MRS固体培养基中,37℃条件下培养48h,进行活菌计数,如下公式计算植物乳杆菌L5在pH 3.0情况下的存活率。
存活率(%)=3h菌株的存活数/0h菌株的存活数×100%
(2)植物乳杆菌L5的耐受人工肠液实验
将PBS缓冲液用0.1mol/L NaOH调节pH值为8.0,加入1mg/mL的胰蛋白酶和0.3%的牛胆盐。将1mL重悬的植物乳杆菌L5菌体(菌悬液制备同耐受人工胃液)加入到5mL模拟肠液中迅速混匀,放入37℃培养箱中,于3h和6h后,以无菌生理盐水按1:10梯度稀释,吸取100μL稀释液,用一次性涂布棒均匀涂布于MRS固体培养基中,37℃条件下培养48h,进行植物乳杆菌L5活菌计数,如下公式计算不同乳酸菌株3h和6h的存活率。
3h存活率(%)=3h菌株的存活数/0h菌株的存活数×100%
6h存活率(%)=6h菌株的存活数/0h菌株的存活数×100%
对所筛选菌株进行人工胃肠液模拟实验,结果如图3所示,植物乳杆菌L5耐受胃液存活率为88.61±4.48%。耐受肠液存活率为63.27±5.26%。
(3)植物乳杆菌L5的粘附性实验
3.1乳酸菌自聚集
菌体培养时会呈现不同的聚集状态。两株菌分别在MRS肉汤中进行活化培养,4000×g10min,弃上清后用PBS洗涤2次在相同缓冲液中复苏,调整至OD600nm=0.607左右。细菌细胞悬液37℃孵育6小时,间隔6小时取样。
自动聚合的百分比U%=(1-At/A0)×100
A0表示0h时的吸光度(OD600nm),At表示6h时的吸光度(OD600nm)。
自聚集越强说明能有潜在的强定植能力。测定6h的自聚集率。如图4所示,植物乳杆菌L5在6h时达到60.36%。
3.2乳酸菌疏水率测定
将这两株菌在MRS肉汤中进行培养至活力强状态,菌液经4000×g离心后,弃上清,用PBS缓冲液(pH7.0)清洗两遍后重悬,调整菌液浊度OD600nm约为0.6。取3mL调整浊度后的菌液,加入1mL的二甲苯,对照组不加二甲苯,涡旋振荡90s,静置5-10min至分层,取下层水相,在600nm下测量G、G0值并进行记录。实验进行三次。
疏水率H%=[(G0-G)/G0]×100,
其中G0和G分别是与二甲苯混匀前、后菌液在600nm下测量得到的值。
对所筛选出菌株进行疏水率测定,结果如图4所示,植物乳杆菌L5的疏水率为88.64%。
实施例4植物乳杆菌L5安全性评价
(1)植物乳杆菌L5的基因组安全性评价
采用Illumina Nextseq 550二代测序平台对植物乳杆菌L5进行全基因组测序。细菌基因组DNA提取方法同前。二代测序采用AMT Rapid DNA-Seq Kit for Illumina(CISTRO,CHINA)建库,采用High Output v2.5 kit(Illumina,USA)试剂盒测序。
下机数据采用Trimmomatic软件(v0.39)进行质控,后采用SPAdes软件(v3.13.1)进行组装。组装后戊糖片球菌基因组采用Quast软件(v5.0.2)进行组装质控评估,对于质控合格的基因组,采用Prokka软件(v1.13)进行注释。采用Abricate软件比对VFDB(VirulenceFactor Database)、ARG-Annot(Antibiotic Resistance Gene-ANNOTation)和CARD(theComprehensive Antibiotic Research Database)数据库,均未发现该菌含有毒力基因或耐药基因
(2)植物乳杆菌L5的表型安全性评价
2.1植物乳杆菌L5耐药表型评价
细菌对抗生素是否敏感是评价细菌安全的一个重要指标。根据临床和实验室标准协会(CLSI)标准使用纸片扩散法检测植物乳杆菌L5对抗生素的敏感性。选取七种作为试验用抗生素,即氨苄西林,红霉素、四环素、诺氟沙星、呋喃妥因、利福平、氯霉素结果见表2(注:R为耐药,S为敏感)。
表2抗生素敏感实验
注:S:敏感;I:中度敏感;R:耐药。
由表2可知,植物乳杆菌L5对抗生素氨苄西林,红霉素、四环素、呋喃妥因、利福平、氯霉素均具有敏感性。
2.2植物乳杆菌L5溶血实验评价
在无菌条件下,接种乳酸菌于绵羊血平板,37℃培养48h,观察溶血现象。溶血现象会在血平板上形成三种特征:α溶血:菌落周围会出现草绿色溶血环,这种菌一般具有条件致病性。β溶血:菌落周围出现较宽的透明溶血环,一般来说致病性强。γ溶血:菌落周围无溶血环的出现,一般来说菌株无致病性。
实施例5体内改善睡眠评价
(1)实验动物分组及指标测定
严格按照国家功能食品标准的要求,采用5周龄C57/BL小鼠,来自南方医科大学(中国广州)。将小鼠置于受控环境条件下(温度23±3℃,相对湿度50%-60%,光照/黑暗周期12/12h,实验过程中自由取水和食物)。小鼠在实验前1周开始适应,并被随机分成五组。对照组(Control group),灌胃生理盐水。植物乳杆菌组(LP group)灌胃植物乳杆菌L5,1×109CFU/(mL/100g),地西泮组(Medicine group),灌胃3mg/kg地西泮。
益生菌和药物连续干预4周,末次给药30min后,进行戊巴比妥钠下阈值测试。腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠35.00mg/kg,小鼠腹部朝上,持续时间超过1min,则为翻正反射消失,记作入睡。间隔一周后进行戊巴比妥钠上阈值实验。末次给药30min后,腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠50.00mg/kg,从腹腔注射至翻正反射消失记为睡眠潜伏期。从首次翻正反射消失至翻正反射恢复的时间间隔时长记为睡眠持续时间。实验经广东科学院省微生物研究所实验动物管理与伦理委员会批准。
由图6可以看出,植物乳杆菌L5可以协同戊巴比妥钠,显著增加戊巴比妥钠下阈值干预后的入睡只数。与空白组相比,补充植物乳杆菌L5可缩短戊巴比妥钠上阈值诱导的睡眠潜伏期,并延长睡眠持续时间。说明植物乳杆菌L5可通过缩短睡眠潜伏期和增加睡眠时长进而改善睡眠质量。
实施例6体内改善特发性震颤的功能评价
(1)实验动物分组及行为学测定
8周龄SPF级别的雄性C57BL/6小鼠,来自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司。将小鼠置于受控环境条件下(温度23±3℃,相对湿度50%-60%,光照/黑暗周期12/12h,实验过程中自由取水和食物)。小鼠在实验前1周开始适应,并被随机分成2组。小鼠实验设计如下:对照组:每日灌喂0.2mL的生理盐水,连续4周,随后腹腔注射harmaline(8mg/kg体重)进行造模;干预组:每日灌喂含1×109CFU/mL植物乳杆菌L5溶液0.2mL,连续4周,随后腹腔注射harmaline(8mg/kg体重)进行造模。
小鼠震颤程度评分:小鼠造模并出现震颤5分钟后,由两名不知晓实验分组的研究人员分别对小鼠的震颤程度进行评分,并取两者评分的平均值进行统计。小鼠震颤程度评分标准:0分-全身无震颤;1分-仅头部或尾部偶有震颤;2分-头部及身体轻微震颤;3分-头部及身体持续性震颤;4分-全身震颤导致无法活动。使用软件GraphPad Prism 8进行统计分析,两组小鼠的震颤评分使用均数±标准差表示,两组间均数的比较使用t检验分析。P<0.05具有统计学意义。
如图7所示,干预组小鼠的特发性震颤评分显著低于对照组,提示植物乳杆菌L5可显著减轻特发性震颤的震颤症状。
小鼠活动能力评价:小鼠出现震颤后,通过行为学测试(旷场实验、爬杆实验、小鼠抓力测定实验、旋转棒疲劳仪测试)明确两组小鼠活动能力、运动协调能力、上肢抓握能力及运动耐力的差异。
如图8所示,与对照组相比干预组小鼠在旷场中的活动距离显著增多,提示植物乳杆菌L5可显著改善特发性震颤小鼠的活动能力。同时,干预组小鼠的抓握力显著高于对照组,表明植物乳杆菌L5可改善震颤对小鼠上肢抓握能力的影响。但是,两组小鼠在爬杆实验及旋转棒疲劳仪测试结果无显著差异,提示植物乳杆菌L5可对特发性震颤小鼠运动协调能力及运动耐力的改善作用不明显。
(2)小鼠神经系统炎症指标检测
处死小鼠后收集大脑及小脑组织。制备大脑及小脑组织匀浆,使用IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α炎症因子ELISA试剂盒检测两组小鼠大脑及小脑的炎症水平。
如图9所示,与对照组相比,干预组小鼠小脑的IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平及大脑的TNF-α水平均显著降低,提示植物乳杆菌L5可显著减轻特发性震颤小鼠的神经系统炎症水平。
(3)小鼠肠道及小脑中神经递质水平检测
通过靶向代谢组学技术检测两组小鼠肠道及小脑中神经递质,包括去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(X5-HT)、乙酰胆碱(Ach)、组胺(HisA)、酪胺(TrpA)、左旋多巴(L-DOPA)、肾上腺素(E)、5-羟吲哚(X5-HIAA)、谷氨酰胺(Gln)、色胺(TrpA)、褪黑素(MT)、犬尿喹啉酸(KynA)、5-羟基色氨酸(5-HTP)、组氨酸(His)、色氨酸(Trp)、犬尿氨酸(Kyn)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、谷氨酸(Glu)、氨基丁酸(GABA)、黄尿酸(XA)、香草扁桃酸(VMA)、吡啶甲酸(PA)的水平。
如图10所示,干预组小鼠肠道中Gln、His、Trp、Kyn、HisA、GABA、Glu、Tyr、NE、E、TrpA、Ach、X5-HIAA浓度均显著高于对照组,X5-HT浓度则显著低于对照组。而干预组小鼠小脑中TrpA、Gln、Ach及GABA浓度均显著高于对照组,而X5-HIAA浓度则显著低于对照组(图11)。上述结果表明,植物乳杆菌L5可显著提高特发性震颤小鼠肠道中抑制性神经递质GABA的浓度,可能通过这种物质抑制神经兴奋减轻震颤症状。
实施例7植物乳杆菌L5特异分子靶标验证
(1)特异性分子靶标挖掘
首先对植物乳杆菌L5进行全基因测序,并利用NCBI数据库进行泛基因组分析,获得核心基因组后,采用Gubbins(v2.4.1)软件识别包含碱基取代密度较高的基因。基于泛基因组分析获得的植物乳杆菌L5特异序列SEQ ID NO.1。根据植物乳杆菌L5菌株特有的基因片段序列SEQ ID NO.1设计特异性PCR扩增引物组:正向引物:5’-GGTGGCGATGGCATGTTACT-3’和反向引物:5’-TTGCCCCCAGTGGCAATAAA-3’。
(2)引物有效性检测
根据序列SEQ ID NO.1设计特异性PCR扩增引物组(包括正向引物和反向引物),引物组序列如下表3。
表3特异序列PCR检测引物组
步骤S1 DNA模板制备:植物乳杆菌L5在MRS液体培养基中增菌培养,使用细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒分别提取其细菌基因组DNA,作为待检模板;
步骤S2 PCR扩增:PCR扩增体系如下:
以下为PCR反应条件:
PCR结束后取5μL PCR产物进行1.0%琼脂糖电泳。若植物乳杆菌L5能在198bp处出现单一特异条带,而其他非目标菌不能出现,则说明该对靶标具有良好识别植物乳杆菌L5的效能。
PCR扩增产物凝胶结果如图12所示,结果证明PCR扩增引物是植物乳杆菌L5特异性分子靶标。所用菌株及检测结果如下表4所示;表中,检测结果栏目中“+”表示阳性,“-”表示阴性。
表4植物乳杆菌L5特异性靶标的检测结果
实施例8基于菌株特异性靶标通过实时荧光定量PCR测定植物乳杆菌L5的肠道定植能力
对经10倍稀释的不同拷贝数的DNA进行实时荧光定量测定,植物乳杆菌L5进行实时荧光定量PCR扩增反应体系为20μL,其中包括:2×SYBR qPCR SuperMix Plus 10μL,正向引物和反向引物各0.6μL、DNA模板1μL和无菌双蒸水7.8μL。实时荧光定量PCR反应条件为:95℃预变性2min;95℃变性20s,60.0℃退火60s,2-3步共45个循环。得到植物乳杆菌L5的扩增的荧光阈值(Cq值),以拷贝数为横坐标,Cq值为纵坐标制作标准曲线。检测结果如图13所示,标准曲线的相关系数R2>0.99,同时溶解曲线呈单峰,表明扩增条件及引物特异性适宜,该方法可用于植物乳杆菌L5的定量测定。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,在不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换。
Claims (10)
1.植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)L5,保藏编号为:GDMCC No:62315。
2.权利要求1所述的植物乳杆菌L5在制备缓解特发性震颤或改善睡眠的药物中的应用。
3.权利要求1所述的植物乳杆菌L5促进产生抑制性神经递质GABA中的应用。
4.一种缓解特发性震颤或改善睡眠的药物,其特征在于,含有权利要求1所述的植物乳杆菌L5作为活性成分。
5.根据权利要求4所述的药物,其特征在于,还有药学上所能包含的辅料。
6.一种权利要求1所述的植物乳杆菌L5特异性分子靶标,其特征在于,所述的特异性分子靶标的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
7.一种检测权利要求1所述的植物乳杆菌L5的检测引物,其特征在于,所述的检测引物包括正向引物:5’-GGTGGCGATGGCATGTTACT-3’和反向引物:5’-TTGCCCCCAGTGGCAATAAA-3’。
8.一种检测权利要求1所述的植物乳杆菌L5的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
提取待样品的基因组DNA,用权利要求7所述的检测引物进行PCR扩增,如果能扩增出198bp的产物,则为植物乳杆菌L5,如果不能,则不是。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的PCR扩增,其反应体系是2×PCR Mix12.5μl、10μmol/L正向引物1μl、10μmol/L反向引物1μl、模板DNA 1μl、dd H2O 9.5μl。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的PCR扩增,其反应程序是94℃30min;95℃30s、68℃30s、72℃30s,30个循环;72℃10min。
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