CN115873652B - Water lubrication material surface structure based on bionic hydrophilic principle - Google Patents
Water lubrication material surface structure based on bionic hydrophilic principle Download PDFInfo
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- CN115873652B CN115873652B CN202211358696.6A CN202211358696A CN115873652B CN 115873652 B CN115873652 B CN 115873652B CN 202211358696 A CN202211358696 A CN 202211358696A CN 115873652 B CN115873652 B CN 115873652B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003592 biomimetic effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004699 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a surface structure of a water lubricating material based on a bionic hydrophilic principle, which solves the problem that the lubricating performance of the existing water lubricating material is required to be further improved under the limit working condition. The surface structure of the water lubricating material comprises a matrix, wherein the matrix has a hydrophilic surface with a bionic smooth structure enhanced. The invention has simple structure, easy production and manufacture, low cost and can effectively improve the good water lubrication effect of the water lubrication material under severe working conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water lubricating material, in particular to a surface structure of the water lubricating material based on a bionic hydrophilic principle.
Background
Water lubricated bearings made of water lubricated material have become an extremely important component of marine propulsion systems. However, compared with an oil lubricated bearing, the water viscosity of the water lubricated bearing is lower, the water viscosity of the water lubricated bearing is only 1/64 of the oil viscosity at 20 ℃, and the water film thickness is only 1/8 of the oil film thickness at the same rotation speed. The water lubrication bearing is difficult to form a good lubrication water film under severe working conditions such as low speed, heavy load and the like, the surface of a friction pair of the bearing is caused to have dry friction and boundary lubrication, the friction coefficient and the abrasion loss of the bearing are increased, and abnormal friction vibration and noise are also often generated.
At present, researches are attempted to carry out hydrophilic modification on the surface of a water lubricating material, so that the water lubricating performance [ Surf Interface Anal.2018 ] of the surface of the material is improved; 50:457-463], but such methods only change the interfacial properties of the material surface, which gradually decreases during long-term operation due to wear of the material surface; in addition, the self-lubricating effect [ CN 113601882 B,CN 106084398B ] of the material is improved by introducing the pig iron-imitating plow wood structure and the microcapsule into the water lubricating material, and the preparation process of the material is complex and has higher industrialization difficulty and cost although the better effect is obtained.
How to reduce the cost and the process difficulty and simultaneously improve the self-lubricating effect of the water lubricating material as much as possible is a problem to be solved by the personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, and provides the surface structure of the water lubricating material based on the bionic hydrophilic principle, which has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in production and manufacture and low cost, and can effectively improve the good water lubricating effect of the water lubricating material under severe working conditions.
The technical scheme includes that the substrate has a hydrophilic surface with a bionic smooth structure enhanced.
The hydrophilic surface enhanced by the bionic smooth structure is of a convex columnar or concave pit array structure with gaps separated.
The cross section of the column or the pit of the convex column or the pit array structure is round, regular polygon or the combination thereof.
The regular polygon is 3-7 polygons.
The array structure can be arranged in a vertically and horizontally aligned and aligned arrangement, a vertically and horizontally staggered arrangement, an irregular arrangement or any combination thereof.
The length-diameter ratio of the columnar or concave pit is 1:1-4, and the length-diameter ratio is the ratio of the height of the columnar protruding columnar (or the depth of the concave pit) to the equivalent circular diameter of the cross section area of the columnar or concave pit. The gap width between two pillars or pits of adjacent phases is not less than 20% of the pillar height (or pit depth), and preferably the gap width is 25-50% of the pillar height.
The gap area ratio of the unit area of the bionic surface structure is not less than 10%, preferably 20-60%.
The matrix is made of a high polymer material.
The polymer material is a rubber-based water lubricating material or a resin-based water lubricating material. The rubber-based water lubricating material can be nitrile rubber, fluororubber or polyurethane rubber; the resin-based water lubricating material may be exemplified by polyetheretherketone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide, polyoxymethylene, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.
In view of the problems in the background art, the inventor starts from improving the surface structure of the water lubricating material, combines with the nature, many animals such as tree frog, flood frog, cricket and locust, etc., and all have a smooth structure on the toes, the structure is not a continuous smooth plane, the surface of the structure is microscopically provided with a plurality of polygonal epithelial cell structures, and each polygon is separated by a micron-sized stage gap. Under the dry condition, the liquid secreted by the secretion glands in the gaps of the smooth structure (the viscosity is 1.25-1.51mPs and is close to that of water), can be rapidly dispersed on the whole structure surface through the gaps, and can keep the formation of a liquid layer on the whole smooth structure surface. It can be seen that the water lubrication performance of the water lubrication material under the limit working condition is hopeful to be improved by simulating the surface structure.
Based on this, the inventors designed a hydrophilic surface with a bionic smooth structure enhancement on the substrate surface, which is preferably a convex columnar or concave array structure with gaps spaced apart. The cross section of the columnar or concave pit of the convex columnar or concave pit array structure is round, regular polygon or a combination thereof, the array structure can be arranged in one of vertical and horizontal alignment, vertical and horizontal staggered arrangement and irregular arrangement or any combination thereof, so that the contact form can be one or a combination of point contact, line contact and surface contact when the hydrophilic surface with the enhanced bionic smooth structure contacts with the friction pair.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. under severe working conditions such as low speed, heavy load and the like, even a smaller amount of water can be rapidly dispersed on the surface of the whole water lubricating material through the surface design of the bionic smooth structure, so that the forming effect of a dynamic pressure lubricating water film is effectively improved, and the water lubricating performance of the material under the limit working conditions is ensured;
2. The bionic smooth structure surface of the water lubrication material is not easy to wear under the operating condition, so that the water lubrication enhancement effect of the material under the long-term operating condition can be maintained.
3. The structure of the invention does not need special raw materials or manufacturing process, but can finish processing by adopting a common die forming process or a precise turning process, has low production and manufacturing cost and small difficulty, and has wide market application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1a is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1.
Fig. 1b is a left side view of fig. 1 a.
Fig. 1c is a top view of fig. 1 a.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the comparison of water lubricating properties of a sample block of water lubricating material having the surface structure of example 1.
Fig. 3a is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2.
Fig. 3b is a top view of fig. 3 a.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of water lubricating properties of a sample block of water lubricating material having the surface structure of example 2.
Fig. 5a is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 3.
Fig. 5b is a top view of fig. 5 a.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of water lubricating properties of a sample block of water lubricating material having the surface structure of example 3.
Fig. 7a is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 4.
Fig. 7b is a left side view of fig. 7 a.
Fig. 7c is a top view of fig. 7 a.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the comparison of water lubricating properties of a sample block of water lubricating material having the surface structure of example 4.
Wherein, 1-gap, 2-convex column shape and 3-pit.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the present invention provides a surface structure of a water-lubricating material based on a bionic hydrophilic principle, wherein a substrate has a hydrophilic surface enhanced by a bionic smooth structure, the surface is a convex columnar array structure separated by gaps 1, in this embodiment, the convex columnar cross section is quadrilateral, and the columnar array structure may be arranged in a vertically and horizontally aligned and aligned manner. The contact mode of the hydrophilic surface with the enhanced bionic smooth structure is surface contact when the hydrophilic surface contacts with the friction pair. The aspect ratio (array column height/equivalent circular diameter) of the polygonal array columns was 1:2.25. The gap area of the bionic surface structure per unit area is 35%. The polymer material used as the matrix is polyether-ether-ketone.
The invention provides a molding process of a surface structure of a water lubricating material based on a bionic hydrophilic principle, which comprises the following steps of:
Step 1, forming a polyether-ether-ketone-based water lubrication material unstructured blank, and performing ring-test block sliding wear test by referring to a GB/T12444-2006 metal material wear test method in processing size for facilitating subsequent water lubrication friction wear test;
Step 2, fixing the material blank on a full-automatic numerical control machine tool, inputting the design drawing requirement into a controller, and carrying out fine processing on the surface of the accessory, wherein the processing structure is shown in figure 1;
and 3, placing the processed sample into an ethanol solution, soaking for 4min, taking out, and placing into a vacuum oven for drying.
With reference to GB/T12444-2006, a ring-block type friction wear tester is used for carrying out water lubrication performance comparison analysis on a sample block with a bionic hydrophilic surface structure and a sample block without a structure, which are obtained through processing, and the friction test ring is in surface contact with the surface of the sample block (shown in figure 1 a) because the radian of the friction ring for the test is the same as that of the surface of the sample block. According to the figure 2, under the working condition of very low linear velocity (about 0.025 m/s), the sample block with the bionic hydrophilic surface structure has low friction coefficient and shows good water lubrication effect under the limiting working condition; in the same load and full-rotation speed range, compared with a sample block without a surface structure, the sample block with the bionic hydrophilic surface structure has a water lubrication friction coefficient which is always lower, and the two sample blocks form a good water lubrication film only when the sample block is under a high-rotation speed working condition, and the sample block have similar water lubrication friction coefficients.
Example 2:
As shown in fig. 3 to 4, the present invention provides a surface structure of a water lubricating material based on a bionic hydrophilic principle, which is different from embodiment 1 in that the convex columnar cross section is hexagonal in this embodiment. The columnar array structure can be arranged in a crisscross manner. The hydrophilic surface with the enhanced bionic smooth structure is in line contact when being contacted with the friction pair. The length-diameter ratio (array column height/equivalent circular diameter) of the polygonal array column is 1:4, and the gap area occupation ratio of the unit area of the bionic surface structure is 30%. The polymer material used as the matrix is nitrile rubber.
The invention provides a molding process of a surface structure of a water lubricating material based on a bionic hydrophilic principle, wherein the bionic hydrophilic surface structure is directly molded in one step through a mold with a pre-structure in the vulcanization molding process of nitrile rubber, and the molding process specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, machining a required P20 die steel metal reverse die through a design drawing;
Step 2, cleaning the inner cavity of the metal reverse die, wiping a rubber product release agent, uniformly coating the release agent, avoiding coagulation and coating leakage, and finally placing the die on a flat vulcanizing machine for preheating at 160 ℃ for 1-1.5 h;
And 3, filling the rubber compound of the water-lubricated rubber material into a metal reverse die, putting the assembled die into a flat vulcanizing machine, pressurizing to 3MPa, releasing pressure after 1 min-2 min, prying the upper die for exhausting, repeating for 2 times, raising the pressure to 25MPa, maintaining the pressure at 160 ℃ for vulcanizing for 50min, slowly releasing pressure, and cooling to room temperature for demolding.
And referring to GB/T12444-2006, a ring-block type friction wear tester is used for carrying out water lubrication performance comparison analysis on a sample block with a bionic hydrophilic surface structure and a sample block without a structure, which are obtained by processing, and the friction test ring is in line contact with the surface of the sample block because the surface of the friction ring for test is in arc surface contact with the surface of the sample block. According to the figure 4, the sample block with the bionic hydrophilic surface structure has lower friction coefficient and excellent water lubrication performance under the full working condition compared with the sample block without the surface structure.
Example 3
The present invention provides a surface structure of a water lubricating material based on a bionic hydrophilic principle, which is different from embodiment 2 in that the protruding columnar section in this embodiment is circular (as shown in fig. 5). The length-diameter ratio (array column height/equivalent circular diameter) of the polygonal array column is 1:3.5, and the gap area occupation ratio of the unit area of the bionic surface structure is 26%. The polymer material used as the matrix is fluororubber, the vulcanization temperature is 170 ℃, and the pressure maintaining and vulcanization are carried out for 3 hours. According to fig. 6, the sample block with the bionic hydrophilic surface structure shows more excellent water lubrication performance under all working conditions than the sample block without the surface structure.
Example 4
The present invention provides a surface structure of a water-lubricated material based on a bionic hydrophilic principle, and example 1 is different in that in this embodiment, the array is a pit structure, and its cross section is square (as shown in fig. 7). The aspect ratio (array column height/equivalent circular diameter) of the polygonal array columns was 1:1. The high polymer material used as the matrix is polyurethane rubber, the vulcanization temperature is 140 ℃, and the pressure maintaining and vulcanization are carried out for 45min. According to the graph shown in fig. 8, the sample block with the bionic hydrophilic surface structure keeps the working condition unchanged, and the friction coefficient curves under the conditions of different rotating speeds after 600 hours are separated, so that the bionic hydrophilic structure on the surface of the sample block is greatly influenced by long-term operation, and a good water lubrication effect is still maintained.
Claims (7)
1. The surface structure of the water lubricating material based on the bionic hydrophilic principle comprises a matrix, and is characterized in that the matrix has a hydrophilic surface with an enhanced bionic smooth structure; the hydrophilic surface enhanced by the bionic smooth structure is of a convex columnar or concave pit array structure with gaps separated; the cross section of the column or the pit of the convex column or the pit array structure is round, regular polygon or the combination thereof; the width of the gap between two adjacent columns or pits is not less than 20% of the column height or pit depth.
2. The surface structure of a water-lubricated material based on the principle of biomimetic hydrophilicity according to claim 1, wherein the regular polygon is a 3-7 sided polygon.
3. The surface structure of a water-lubricated material based on the principle of bionic hydrophilicity according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the array structure is arranged in a manner of one of vertically and horizontally aligned arrangement, vertically and horizontally staggered arrangement, irregular arrangement or any combination thereof.
4. The surface structure of the water-lubricated material based on the principle of bionic hydrophilicity according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aspect ratio of the columns or pits is 1:1-4.
5. The surface structure of a water-lubricated material based on the principle of biomimetic hydrophilicity according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gap area per unit area of the biomimetic surface structure is not less than 10%.
6. The surface structure of a water-lubricated material based on the principle of biomimetic hydrophilicity according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the matrix is a polymeric material.
7. The surface structure of the water lubricating material based on the bionic hydrophilic principle according to claim 6, wherein the high polymer material is a rubber-based water lubricating material or a resin-based water lubricating material.
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| CN202211358696.6A CN115873652B (en) | 2022-11-01 | 2022-11-01 | Water lubrication material surface structure based on bionic hydrophilic principle |
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| CN202211358696.6A CN115873652B (en) | 2022-11-01 | 2022-11-01 | Water lubrication material surface structure based on bionic hydrophilic principle |
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| CN115873652B true CN115873652B (en) | 2024-05-24 |
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| JPH11351242A (en) * | 1998-06-08 | 1999-12-24 | Ebara Corp | Low viscosity fluid lubricating bearing |
| CN201053449Y (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2008-04-30 | 陈江明 | Water-lubricated bearing |
| CN103189485A (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2013-07-03 | Skf公司 | Apparatus for use in a system containing oil and/or lubricating fluid and method of forming the same |
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2022
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Patent Citations (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN103189485A (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2013-07-03 | Skf公司 | Apparatus for use in a system containing oil and/or lubricating fluid and method of forming the same |
| DE102015202561A1 (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-08-18 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Plain bearing part, sliding bearing and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN112126101A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-25 | 湖北大学 | Preparation method of super-smooth surface with anisotropic hydrophilicity |
| CN114251365A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-03-29 | 西南交通大学 | Method for improving bearing wear resistance of friction surface of bionic water-lubricated bearing |
| CN114838054A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-08-02 | 武汉理工大学 | Self-lubricating bearing based on bionic micro-texture and self-lubricating composite material filling method |
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