CN115869909A - Method for preparing magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve by modifying red mud - Google Patents

Method for preparing magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve by modifying red mud Download PDF

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CN115869909A
CN115869909A CN202211655064.6A CN202211655064A CN115869909A CN 115869909 A CN115869909 A CN 115869909A CN 202211655064 A CN202211655064 A CN 202211655064A CN 115869909 A CN115869909 A CN 115869909A
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molecular sieve
red mud
magnetic porous
porous biochar
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陈朝轶
王干干
李军旗
林鑫
王林珠
杨凡
兰苑培
张伟
权变利
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Guizhou University
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Abstract

Disclosure of the inventionA method for preparing a magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve by modifying red mud belongs to the technical field of industrial and agricultural solid waste resource utilization. The preparation method comprises the following steps: grinding the red mud, the biomass and the alkaline additive, uniformly mixing, and roasting in an oxygen-free environment to obtain roasted clinker; adding water and a silicon source or an aluminum source into the roasted clinker to prepare SiO in the system 2 With Al 2 O 3 The molar ratio of the molecular sieve to the organic solvent is 1.2-4.0, and the solid substance is the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve after uniform stirring, crystallization and filtration. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple to operate, and can effectively realize the reduction and high-value utilization of the red mud and the agriculture and forestry biomass solid wastes. The prepared magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve has strong adsorption capacity on pollutants such as phosphorus, heavy metals, strontium, cesium and the like in water, and is convenient to recover.

Description

Method for preparing magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve by modifying red mud
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial and agricultural solid waste resource utilization, in particular to a method for preparing a magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve by modifying red mud.
Background
The red mud is alkaline iron-containing residue generated in the production process of alumina, and is characterized in that the content of aluminum, iron and alkali is high, a certain amount of calcium, silicon and the like are contained, the effective utilization is difficult, land resources are occupied by long-term piling, underground water is polluted, and serious ecological hazard exists. Biomass such as agricultural straw, wood chips or fallen leaves of trees is common agricultural and forestry waste, and a large amount of agricultural and forestry waste is not effectively utilized except that part of the biomass is used as fuel, feed, building materials or mushroom planting. If the agricultural and forestry wastes which are not utilized are simply burnt, not only resources are wasted, but also air pollution is aggravated. At present, the method for preparing biochar from waste biomass for removing and adsorbing pollutants in water is considered to be a high-value utilization way of agricultural and forestry wastes, but the biochar prepared by directly pyrolyzing the biomass has the advantages of small specific surface area, low porosity, few adsorption sites, difficulty in effectively removing the pollutants in water, difficulty in effectively separating the biochar after being saturated in adsorption from water, difficulty in recycling and the like.
If the industrial solid waste red mud can be used for modifying the biomass, the reducing gas generated in the biomass pyrolysis process can be used for reducing the iron oxide in the biomass, and the generated ferromagnetic substance can be loaded on the biochar, so that the biochar can be conveniently recycled after adsorbing pollutants. However, in the process of modifying the biochar by using the red mud alone, the problems that phases of hydrated sodium aluminosilicate, hydrated garnet and the like in the red mud are difficult to damage and the like exist, so that adsorption sites can be blocked, and resources such as aluminum, silicon, sodium and the like in the red mud cannot be effectively utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve by modifying red mud. The magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve with extremely strong adsorption capacity on pollutants such as phosphorus, heavy metals, strontium, cesium and the like is prepared by taking red mud and agriculture and forestry biomass solid wastes as raw materials and carrying out the steps of grinding, roasting, adjusting the silicon-aluminum ratio and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention adopts one of the technical schemes: the method for preparing the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve by modifying the red mud comprises the following steps:
(1) Grinding the red mud, the biomass and the alkaline additive, uniformly mixing, and roasting in an oxygen-free environment to obtain roasted clinker;
(2) Adding water and a silicon source or an aluminum source into the roasted clinker, and adding SiO into the system 2 With Al 2 O 3 The molar ratio of (1.2-4.0), stirring uniformly, crystallizing, and filtering to obtain a solid substance, namely the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve.
Preferably, the method further comprises a step of recovering the alkaline additive after the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve is prepared by modifying the red mud, and the specific operation is that the filtrate filtered in the step (2) is directly crystallized or crystallized after causticization to obtain the alkaline additive.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the red mud, the biomass and the alkaline additive in the step (1) is 1 (0.2-3): (0.5 to 3); the biomass is one or more of agricultural straw, sawdust and fallen leaves of arbor; the alkaline additive is one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate.
Preferably, the roasting temperature in the step (1) is 350-850 ℃ and the time is 30-240 min.
Preferably, the silicon source in step (2) is one or more of sodium silicate, silicic acid or potassium silicate; the aluminum source is one or more of sodium aluminate, potassium aluminate, aluminum hydroxide or aluminum oxide.
Preferably, the crystallization temperature in the step (2) is 80-220 ℃ and the time is 1-48 h.
The second technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve is prepared by the method for preparing the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve by modifying the red mud.
The third technical scheme of the invention is as follows: provides an application of the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve in an adsorbent. After the magnetic field is applied to adsorb pollutants in water, the pollutants can be quickly recovered by applying a magnetic field.
The main reactions involved in the roasting of the mixture of red mud, biomass and alkaline additive in an oxygen-free environment are as follows:
biomass → biochar + pyrolysis gas (C) x H y )(1)
Fe 2 O 3 + pyrolysis gas (or CO or biochar) → Fe (or Fe) 3 O 4 )+CO 2 +H 2 O(2)
Biochar + CO 2 → porous charcoal + CO (3)
K 2 O (or Na) 2 O) + biochar → K (or Na) + CO (4)
K 2 O (or Na) 2 O) + Al-Si compound → KAlO 2 (or NaAlO) 2 )+K 2 SiO 3 (or Na) 2 SiO 3 ) + others (5)
Through anaerobic roasting, the compact biochar can be derived into porous carbon with developed gaps while ferric oxide in the red mud is reduced, the aluminum-silicon compound in the red mud is activated by potassium oxide, the aluminum-silicon compound is converted into water-soluble aluminate and silicate, the water is added for dissolving, and the molar ratio of the silicate to the aluminate in the system is adjusted, so that the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve products of different types can be prepared.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the preparation method provided by the invention is simple to operate, and can effectively realize the reduction and high-value utilization of the red mud and the agriculture and forestry biomass solid wastes. The prepared magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve has strong adsorption capacity on pollutants such as phosphorus, heavy metals, strontium, cesium and the like in water, is convenient to recover and can be repeatedly used.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of porous biochar prepared from red mud, jatropha leaves and anhydrous sodium carbonate in a mass ratio of 1.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the adsorption effect of lead and cadmium on the respective groups of samples prepared in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the effect of adsorption of strontium and cesium on each set of samples prepared in example 2.
FIG. 4 is an XRD pattern of a sample of RMBC-2 prepared in example 2.
FIG. 5 is an SEM image of a sample of RMBC-2 prepared in example 2.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the adsorption effect of each set of samples prepared in example 3 on phosphorus-containing wastewater, heavy metal-containing wastewater, strontium-and cesium-containing wastewater.
FIG. 7 shows the degree of dispersion in a water body before and after applying a magnetic field to RMBC-1 prepared in example 3, wherein (a) is before adding the magnetic field and (b) is after adding the magnetic field.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of adsorption of strontium and cesium on each group of samples prepared in example 4.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every intervening value, to the extent any stated value or intervening value in a stated range, and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range, is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Example 1
The red mud used in this example was obtained from a bayer process alumina plant in the south of the river and the compositional analysis is shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 analysis of red mud composition from Bayer Process alumina plant in Henan province
Composition (I) Fe 2 O 3 Al 2 O 3 SiO 2 Na 2 O TiO 2
Content (%) 37.05 23.16 19.94 9.62 4.55
Composition (I) CaO SO 3 K 2 O P 2 O 5 Others are
Content (%) 2.40 1.33 0.63 0.57 0.75
The red mud needs to be dried and ground to pass through a 100-mesh sample sieve for later use before use.
The biomass used was the fallen leaves of the tung tree collected on the university campus of Guizhou. Washing the fallen leaves of the aleurites fordii with tap water to remove mud stains on the surfaces of the fallen leaves, then washing the fallen leaves with distilled water, and putting the washed leaves into an oven to dry the leaves overnight. Pulverizing the dried fallen leaves by a pulverizer, and sieving by a 60-mesh sieve for later use.
The method comprises the following steps of taking red mud and fallen leaves of the mallotus japonicus which are treated in advance as raw materials, taking pure anhydrous sodium carbonate as an alkaline additive, uniformly mixing the raw materials in a mass ratio of 1. And (3) taking the roasted clinker (which is ground and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve), adding distilled water according to a liquid-solid ratio of 20, stirring at room temperature for 3 hours, taking a small amount of solution to analyze the aluminum content and the silicon content in the solution, then taking sodium silicate as a silicon source, adjusting the molar ratio of silicon to aluminum of the system to be 2.0, and continuing stirring for 2 hours. And transferring the uniformly stirred suspension to a crystallization kettle, crystallizing for 24 hours at 90 ℃, cooling to room temperature, filtering, and collecting filtrate. And repeatedly washing the filter residue with distilled water and alcohol for 3 times, and vacuum drying for 12 hours to obtain magnetic porous biochar @4A molecular sieve products which are named as RMBC-0, RMBC-1, RMBC-1.5 and RMBC-2 respectively. Evaporating and crystallizing the filtrate to obtain sodium carbonate crystals which can be reused for producing the magnetic porous biochar @4A molecular sieve. An SEM image of the porous biochar prepared from the red mud, the mallotus leaves and the anhydrous sodium carbonate according to the mass ratio of 1.
Under the conditions of example 1, the leaching rates of alumina and silica of red mud under different anhydrous sodium carbonate ratios are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2 leaching rates (%)
Proportioning Al 2 O 3 (%) SiO 2 (%)
RMBC-0 1:1:0 3.59 0.68
RMBC-1 1:1:1 39.61 4.51
RMBC-1.5 1:1:1.5 50.76 9.51
RMBC-2 1:1:2 67.77 29.24
The magnetic porous biochar @4A molecular sieve samples (RMBC-0, RMBC-1, RMBC-1.5 and RMBC-2) prepared under the condition of different sodium carbonate proportioning are used for treating lead and cadmium heavy metal wastewater. The adsorption effect on lead and cadmium is shown in FIG. 2 (adsorption conditions: pH =6; adsorbent addition amount: 0.6g/L; adsorption time: 24h; adsorption temperature: 25 ℃; initial concentration: pb =500mg/L, cd =300 mg/L).
As can be seen from figure 2, the proportion of sodium carbonate has a large influence on the adsorption capacity of heavy metals, and the sodium carbonate gradually increases with the increase of the addition amount of anhydrous sodium carbonate, which indicates that the sodium carbonate can effectively dissociate and destroy aluminum-silicon minerals in the red mud, and the synthesized magnetic porous biochar @4A molecular sieve sample is an effective heavy metal adsorbent.
Example 2
The red mud used in this example was obtained from an alumina plant in Guizhou, and the composition analysis is shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 analysis of Red mud composition (%)
Components Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 SiO 2 CaO TiO 2 Na 2 O SO 3 Others
Content (wt.) 19.51 31.04 18.10 13.30 4.80 8.50 1.32 2.09
The red mud is dried and ground to pass through a 200-mesh sample sieve for later use before use. The selected biomass is the fallen leaves of the mallotus japonicus, the fallen leaves of the mallotus japonicus are dried and then crushed before use, and the crushed leaves are sieved by a 60-mesh sieve for later use.
Weighing 10g of red mud, 10g of fallen leaves of mallotus japonicus and NaOH with different masses, and uniformly mixing the red mud, the fallen leaves of mallotus japonicus and the NaOH in a mass ratio of (1). The mixture is kept at 700 ℃ for 120min under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the heating rate is 7.5 ℃/min, N 2 The flow rate was 200mL/min. And grinding the roasted clinker by using an agate mortar, and sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve for later use.
Respectively weighing 5g of roasted clinker, placing the roasted clinker in a beaker, adding 50mL of deionized water, continuously stirring for 60min, taking a small amount of solution to analyze the aluminum content and the silicon content in the solution, and then adding a certain amount of Na 2 SiO 3 ·9H 2 And O, keeping the molar ratio of silicon to aluminum in the solution at 2.0, continuously stirring for 60min, transferring the obtained solution into a hydrothermal kettle, keeping the temperature for 24h at 90 ℃, performing liquid-solid separation after the reaction is finished, drying the obtained solid sample for 24h at 80 ℃, and collecting the sample for later use, wherein the samples are named as RMBC-0, RMBC-1, RMBC-2 and RMBC-3 respectively.
The method comprises the steps of taking red mud, fallen leaves of mallotus japonicus and clinker obtained by roasting NaOH at the mass ratio of 1. The samples prepared were designated RH-1.6 and RH-2.4, respectively. After hydrothermal reaction, collecting filtrate, adding calcium oxide for causticization, and then evaporating for crystallization to obtain sodium hydroxide crystals, and reusing the sodium hydroxide crystals in the production of the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve.
The magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve sample synthesized under different conditions is used for treating strontium and cesium simulation wastewater. The adsorption performance of the samples obtained under different synthesis conditions on strontium and cesium is shown in FIG. 3 (adsorption conditions: pH =7; adsorbent addition amount: 1g/L; adsorption time: 24h; adsorption temperature: 30 ℃; initial concentration: sr =200mg/L, cs =200 mg/L).
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the sample No. RMBC-2 exhibited the best adsorption performance for strontium and cesium, 94.8mg/L and 78.9mg/L, respectively. The RMBC-2 samples were analyzed by XRD and SEM, with the XRD pattern shown in FIG. 4 and the SEM pattern shown in FIG. 5.
From an XRD (X-ray diffraction) pattern, iron in the RMBC-2 magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve mainly exists in the form of elemental iron, so that magnetism can be endowed to the adsorbent, the recovery of the adsorbent after adsorption is convenient, the type of the molecular sieve is mainly 4A, and abundant exchange ions are provided for the adsorption of strontium and cesium. As seen from an SEM image, the prepared RMBC-2 magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve is of a porous structure, and the porous biochar can fully disperse the molecular sieve, provide a larger specific surface area and provide more adsorption sites for an adsorption process.
Example 3
The red mud used in this example was obtained from a certain alumina plant in Guizhou, and the composition analysis is shown in Table 2, and the red mud was dried and ground to a 200 mesh sample sieve before use. The selected biomass is pine sawdust, which is further crushed before use and sieved by a 80-mesh sieve for later use. The alkaline additive used in the method is a mixture of anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide according to a mass ratio of 1:1.
Uniformly mixing red mud, pine sawdust and an alkaline additive according to a mass ratio of 1. And repeatedly washing and vacuum drying filter residues to obtain the porous biochar @ molecular sieve named as RMBC-1.
The preparation of other samples is the same except for different raw material proportions, and for comparison, the raw material proportions are respectively red mud: pine wood chips =1:1, red mud: additive =1:2, pine wood chips: additive =1:2, designated RMBC-2, RMBC-3, RMBC-4, respectively.
The prepared samples were used for the treatment of phosphorus-containing wastewater, heavy metal wastewater, strontium-and cesium-containing wastewater, respectively, and the adsorption capacities under the preferred conditions are shown in FIG. 6 (PO) 4 3- : pH =7, adsorbent addition amount: 1g/L, adsorption time: 24h, adsorption temperature: 30 ℃; initial concentration: 100mg/L; pb: pH =5, adsorbent addition amount: 0.4g/L, adsorption time:24h, adsorption temperature: 30 ℃, initial concentration: 400mg/L; cd: pH =6, adsorbent addition amount: 1g/L; adsorption time: 24h; adsorption temperature: 30 ℃; initial concentration: 300mg/L; sr and Cs: adsorption conditions: pH =7, adsorbent addition amount: 1g/L, adsorption time: 24h, adsorption temperature: 30 ℃, initial concentration: sr =200mg/L, cs =200 mg/L).
As can be seen from FIG. 6, the RMBC-1 sample has the best comprehensive removal capacity for pollutants in wastewater and PO 4 3- The adsorption capacities of Pb, cd, sr and Cs were 69.5mg/g, 524.3mg/g, 199.4mg/g, 105.2mg/g and 85.4mg/g, respectively. This shows that the method of the present invention can effectively improve the adsorption performance of the adsorbent, and magnetically functionalize the adsorbent, as shown in fig. 7, after applying a magnetic field, the adsorbent is easily gathered and recovered, wherein (a) is before adding the magnetic field, and (b) is after adding the magnetic field.
Example 4
The red mud used in this example was obtained from a Bayer process alumina works in Henan and the compositional analysis is shown in Table 1. The red mud needs to be dried and ground to pass through a 100-mesh sample sieve for later use before use. The biomass used was straw collected from the periphery of Guiyang city. The straws are crushed and sieved by a 100-mesh sample sieve before being used. For comparison, the basic additives used this time were sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, respectively. The red mud, the straw and the alkaline additive are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 2. Are named as RMBC-1, RMBC-2, RMBC-3 and RMBC-4 respectively. For comparison, the sample without the addition of the basic additive was designated RMBC-0.
Under the above conditions, the solubility of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate is low, and thus the recovery of the additive is difficult. Recovery of four additives: sodium carbonate > potassium carbonate > 99.5% > 0.5% > magnesium carbonate is approximately equal to calcium carbonate. And (3) using the roasted sample for treating strontium-containing wastewater and cesium-containing wastewater. Under the preferred adsorption conditions, the adsorption capacity of each sample is shown in FIG. 8 (adsorption conditions: pH =7; amount of adsorbent added: 1g/L; adsorption time: 24h; adsorption temperature: 30 ℃; initial concentration: sr =200mg/L, cs =200 mg/L).
As can be seen from fig. 8, the absorption capacity of the sample prepared by using sodium carbonate as an additive to strontium and cesium is 92.8mg/g and 72.6mg/g respectively; the adsorption capacities of the sample prepared with potassium carbonate as an additive to strontium and cesium were 88.64mg/g and 63.4mg/g, respectively. Calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate do not perform the activation function.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims (8)

1. A method for preparing a magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve by modifying red mud is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Grinding the red mud, the biomass and the alkaline additive, uniformly mixing, and roasting in an oxygen-free environment to obtain roasted clinker;
(2) Adding water and a silicon source or an aluminum source into the roasted clinker to prepare SiO in the system 2 With Al 2 O 3 The molar ratio of the molecular sieve to the organic solvent is 1.2-4.0, and the solid substance is the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve after uniform stirring, crystallization and filtration.
2. The method for preparing the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve by modifying the red mud according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising a step of recovering an alkaline additive after preparing the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve by modifying the red mud, wherein the specific operation is that the alkaline additive is obtained by directly crystallizing or crystallizing after causticizing the filtrate filtered in the step (2).
3. The method for preparing the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve through red mud modification according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the red mud, the biomass and the alkaline additive in the step (1) is (0.2-3): (0.5 to 3); the biomass is one or more of agricultural straw, sawdust and fallen leaves of arbor; the alkaline additive is one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate.
4. The method for preparing the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve through red mud modification according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the roasting temperature in the step (1) is 350-850 ℃, and the roasting time is 30-240 min.
5. The method for preparing the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve by modifying the red mud according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the silicon source in the step (2) is one or more of sodium silicate, silicic acid or potassium silicate; the aluminum source is one or more of sodium aluminate, potassium aluminate, aluminum hydroxide or aluminum oxide.
6. The method for preparing the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve by modifying the red mud according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the crystallization temperature in the step (2) is 80-220 ℃ and the crystallization time is 1-48 h.
7. The magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve prepared by the method for preparing the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve by modifying the red mud according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. Use of the magnetic porous biochar @ molecular sieve of claim 7 in an adsorbent.
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