CN115862737A - 基因标志物在非小细胞肺癌患者复发/转移风险预测中的应用、预测装置和计算机可读介质 - Google Patents
基因标志物在非小细胞肺癌患者复发/转移风险预测中的应用、预测装置和计算机可读介质 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种非小细胞肺癌患者术后复发/转移风险预测的装置及其应用,属于肿瘤生物医学技术领域。本发明通过对真实世界非小细胞肺癌患者的临床特征和基因组测序数据结合术后无病生存期进行单因素和多因素Cox回归分析,评估各变量与无病生存期的相关性,并基于TP53基因不同突变类型和术后多点ctDNA‑MRD状态建立非小细胞肺癌患者术后复发/转移风险预测模型,能够有效帮助临床医生对早中期非小细胞肺癌患者的术后无病生存期进行精准的评估,从而制定个性化治疗和随访方案,为患者带来更好的生存获益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于肿瘤医学技术领域,涉及一种非小细胞肺癌患者术后复发/转移风险预测的装置及其应用。
背景技术
肺癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率和死亡率在全球所有癌症类型中居首位[1]。其中,非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)是肺癌的主要病理类型,占85%左右[2]。约30%的NSCLC患者初诊时处于早中期,根治性手术切除是实现其肿瘤治愈的重要局部治疗手段[3,4]。然而,部分患者术后由于微小残留病灶(Minimal Residual Disease,MRD)的存在,肿瘤复发转移的风险仍然很高。NCCN指南推荐IB-IIIA期NSCLC患者在根治性手术治疗后接受辅助治疗[4],但辅助治疗存在一定应答率。多项荟萃分析显示早期NSCLC患者根治性切除后接受辅助化疗对患者的5年无病生存期(Disease Free Survival,DFS)的影响甚微[5,6]。因此,如何更好的识别有高复发/转移风险的患者,成为临床亟待解决的问题。
目前,NSCLC患者复发/转移风险的评估主要基于临床病理特征,例如TNM分期、气道播散和病理亚型等[7],但忽略了分子学特性可能带来的风险与获益。随着分子生物学的发展,部分研究开始探索分子状态在早中期NSCLC患者复发/转移风险中的预测作用。有研究发现MUC4、KRTAP10-6、ZFHX4、TCF20、PRDM7等基因变异与I期NSCLC患者术后早期复发显著相关[8];另有研究表明,ERBB2、SMARCA4和TP53基因变异与I-III期NSCLC患者无复发生存期(Recurrence Free Survival,RFS)显著相关,携带这些基因变异的患者复发/转移风险显著高于未携带患者[9]。此外,近年来的研究显示,基于循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumorDNA,ctDNA)的MRD评估(ctDNA-MRD),具有改变NSCLC治疗模式的潜力。相关研究显示,手术前后ctDNA-MRD状态与可切除I-IIIA期NSCLC的复发/转移风险和预后显著相关[10]。另有研究表明,术后7天MRD阳性患者和动态监测中MRD阳性患者(任何一个动态监测点检测阳性即纳入MRD阳性组)相较于阴性患者,复发/转移风险显著升高[11]。
NSCLC是一种分子生物学上高度特异性的疾病,因此,对于早中期NSCLC复发/转移风险预测标志物的探索,不仅需要关注患者的病理情况、手术情况,还需要关注患者的基因情况,从各方面筛选复发/转移风险高的患者,建立一个全方位综合分析的模型,从而对早中期NSCLC患者的术后复发转移风险进行精准的评估,制定个性化治疗和随访方案,为患者带来更好的生存获益。
参考文献
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3.Vansteenkiste,et al.,Early and locally advanced non-small-cell lungcancer(NSCLC):ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis,treatment andfollow-up.Annals of Oncology,2013.24(suppl_6):p.vi89-vi98.
4.NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology(version 8).NationalComprehensive Cancer Network.2020.
5.Arriagada,R.,et al.,Adjuvant chemotherapy,with or withoutpostoperative radiotherapy,in operable non-small-cell lung cancer:two meta-analyses of individual patient data.Lancet,2010.375(9722):p.1267-77.
6.Bradbury,P.,et al.,Postoperative Adjuvant Systemic Therapy inCompletely Resected Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer:A Systematic Review.Clin LungCancer,2017.18(3):p.259-273.e8.
7.Wang,C.,et al.,Clinicopathological variables influencing overallsurvival,recurrence and post-recurrence survival in resected stage I non-small-cell lung cancer.BMC Cancer,2020.20(1):p.150.
8.Hu,C.,et al.,A prediction model integrated genomic alterations andimmune signatures of tumor immune microenvironment for early recurrence ofstage I NSCLC after curative resection.Transl Lung Cancer Res,2022.11(1):p.24-42.
9.Jones,G.D.,et al.,A Genomic-Pathologic Annotated Risk Model toPredict Recurrence in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma.JAMA Surg,2021.156(2):p.e205601.
10.Li,N.,et al.,Perioperative circulating tumor DNA as a potentialprognostic marker for operable stage I to IIIA non-small cell lungcancer.Cancer,2022.128(4):p.708-718.
11.Wang,S.,et al.,Circulating tumor DNA integrating tissue clonalitydetects minimal residual disease in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer.JHematol Oncol,2022.15(1):p.137.
发明内容
本发明所要解决的是目前仅基于临床特征评估NSCLC复发/转移风险准确性不足的问题,提出了具有较好预测效果的NSCLC术后复发/转移风险分子标志物。
本发明纳入118例行根治性手术治疗的NSCLC患者,收集患者的手术组织样本和围术期(术前;术后1个月内;辅助治疗后;术后6-36个月,每3个月一次)外周血样本。通过对临床特征和基因组测序数据进行单因素和多因素Cox回归分析,筛选出与无病生存期(DFS)显著相关的特征,并利用这些特征构建可以有效预测NSCLC患者术后复发/转移风险的预测模型。
本发明基于单因素Cox回归分析,评估了NSCLC患者的临床病理特征、基因变异和不同采血时间点ctDNA状态对患者术后复发/转移风险的影响,结果发现TP53基因突变类型(失活突变)和术后多点ctDNA-MRD状态与NSCLC术后复发/转移风险相关;失活突变类型表现出更高的与DFS的相关性。
本发明基于单因素Cox回归分析筛选得到的3个与无病生存期(Disease-freeSurvival,DFS)的影响因素(包括病理TNM分期、TP53基因突变类型(失活突变)和术后多点ctDNA-MRD状态),构建特征数不同的复发/转移概率预测模型,并选择性能较优的预测模型建立NSCLC术后复发/转移风险预测模型,模型预测性能优于单个特征的预测性能。
检测基因标志物的试剂在用于制备非小细胞肺癌患者复发/转移风险预测试剂中的应用,所述的基因标志物是指对组织样本中的TP53基因的突变、以及术后血浆ctDNA中的突变。
所述的TP53基因的突变是指失活突变或者非失活突变,所述的失活突变是移码突变、剪切突变和无义突变。
所述的术后血浆ctDNA来源于术后6-36个月内任一时间采集。
一种非小细胞肺癌患者复发/转移风险的预测装置,包括:
测序模块,用于对组织样本和血浆ctDNA样本进行测序,并获得组织样本中TP53基因突变信息,以及获得血浆ctDNA样本的突变信息;
分类模块,用于对测序模块中获得的TP53基因突变信息进行分类,分为失活突变和非失活突变两类;所述的失活突变是移码突变、剪切突变和无义突变;
模型构建模块,将训练样本的TP53基因突变类型、血浆ctDNA样本的突变状态作为输入值,以出现复发或转移的概率作为输出值,进行预测模型的构建;
判定模块,将由测序模块获得的待测样本信息输入至模型构建模块中得到的判定模型中,判定其复发或转移的概率。
所述的模型构建模块中,采用多因素COX回归模型。
所述的模型构建模块中,TP53基因突变类型为失活突变时取值2,为非失活突变时取值1,野生型时取值0;血浆ctDNA样本突变阳性时取值1,阴性时取值0。
所述的模型构建模块中,采用的评分公式是:
评分=m*α+n*β;m、n为系数;
α是指TP53基因状态,TP53基因突变类型为失活突变时取值2,为非失活突变时取值1,野生型时取值0;
β是指血浆ctDNA样本的突变状态,血浆ctDNA样本突变阳性时取值1,阴性时取值0。
一种计算机可读介质,其记载有可运行以下非小细胞肺癌患者复发/转移风险预测步骤的计算机程序:
步骤1,用于对组织样本和血浆ctDNA样本进行测序,并获得组织样本中TP53基因突变信息,以及获得血浆ctDNA样本的突变信息;
步骤2,将获得的TP53基因突变信息进行分类,分为失活突变和非失活突变两类;所述的失活突变是移码突变、剪切突变和无义突变;
步骤3,将训练样本的TP53基因突变类型、血浆ctDNA样本的突变状态作为输入值,以出现复发或转移的概率作为输出值,进行预测模型的构建;
步骤4,待测样本信息输入至模型构建模块中得到的判定模型中,判定其复发或转移的概率。
所述的预测模型采用多因素COX回归模型,评分方程为:
评分=m*α+n*β;m、n为系数;
α是指TP53基因状态,TP53基因突变类型为失活突变时取值2,为非失活突变时取值1,野生型时取值0;
β是指血浆ctDNA样本的突变状态,血浆ctDNA样本突变阳性时取值1,阴性时取值0。
附图说明
图1:病理TNM不同分期的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线图;
图2:A和B分别是TP53基因突变与否和TP53基因不同突变类型的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线;
图3:术前、术后1个月内、根治性治疗后和术后多点ctDNA-MRD不同状态的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线图;
图4:NSCLC患者风险预测评分与术后2年内复发转移概率曲线图
图5:NSCLC患者术后复发/转移风险预测模型与单个临床或基因组突变特征的C-index散点图;
图6:NSCLC患者术后复发/转移风险预测模型的ROC曲线。
具体实施方式
本发明的研究中纳入118例可手术NSCLC患者,前瞻性收集患者的手术组织样本和围术期(术前;术后1个月内;辅助治疗后;术后6-36个月,每3个月一次)外周血样本。利用单因素Cox回归方法分析患者的临床特征数据、基因组测序数据、不同采血点血浆ctDNA与DFS的相关性。基于单因素分析筛选到的重要特征变量构建术后复发/转移风险预测模型,选择性能较优的概率预测模型作为NSCLC患者术后复发/转移风险预测模型,并利用C-index和ROC曲线方法对NSCLC患者术后复发/转移风险预测模型进行性能评估,验证该模型的可靠性和有效性。
本发明中所述的“基因变异”包含以下几种情况:
基因变异:包含基因突变、基因拷贝数变异和基因融合。
基因突变:包括错义突变、无义突变、剪切突变、移码突变、非移码突变等。
基因拷贝数变异:染色体局部区域发生扩增或缺失,可能导致编码蛋白过表达或低表达的基因拷贝数扩增或缺失。
基因融合:由于染色体易位、缺失或倒置,导致两个基因部分基因序列相互融合。
本发明中所述的“术后多点ctDNA-MRD阳性”是指患者术后多点采血样本中,任一血浆ctDNA样本中检测到肿瘤组织样本来源的突变。
本发明中“失活突变”包括:移码突变、剪切突变和无义突变。
本发明中“非失活突变”是指突变中除失活突变之外的其他突变。
表1 425panel基因列表
表2 139panel基因列表
AKT1 | AKT2 | AKT3 | ALK | APC | AR | TSC2 |
ARAF | ARID1A | ARID2 | ASXL1 | ATM | ATR | TYMS |
ATRX | AXL | BCL2L11 | BRAF | BRCA1 | BRIP1 | U2AF1 |
BTK | CD274 | CD74 | CDA | CDH1 | CDK4 | UGT1A1 |
CDK6 | CDK8 | CDKN1B | CDKN2A | CDKN2B | CHEK2 | VEGFA |
CREBBP | CTNNB1 | CYLD | CYP2B6 | CYP2C19 | CYP2D6 | WRN |
CYP3A4 | CYP3A5 | DDR2 | DHFR | DNMT3A | DPYD | XRCC1 |
EGFR | ERBB2 | ERBB3 | ERBB4 | ERCC1 | ERCC2 | STK11 |
ERCC4 | FAT1 | FBXW7 | FGFR1 | FGFR3 | FLT4 | TET2 |
FRG1 | GATA4 | GNAS | GRIN2A | GSTM1 | GSTP1 | TGFBR2 |
GSTT1 | HDAC9 | HGF | HRAS | IDH1 | IDH2 | TP53 |
JAK1 | JAK2 | KDR | KEAP1 | KIT | KMT2A | TPMT |
KMT2C | KMT2D | KRAS | LRP1B | LZTR1 | MAP2K1 | TSC1 |
MAP2K2 | MED12 | MET | MLH1 | MTHFR | MTOR | SMAD4 |
MYC | NBN | NF1 | NF2 | NFE2L2 | NOTCH1 | SMARCA4 |
NQO1 | NRAS | NTRK1 | NTRK3 | PBRM1 | PDCD1 | SMARCB1 |
PDCD1LG2 | PDGFRA | PDGFRB | PIK3CA | PIK3CD | PIK3R1 | SOX2 |
PTEN | PTPN11 | QKI | RAF1 | RB1 | RECQL4 | STAG2 |
RELN | RET | RHOA | RICTOR | ROS1 | SBDS | STAT3 |
SDC4 | SETD2 | SF3B1 | SLC34A2 | SMAD2 | SMAD3 |
患者基线指标与无病生存期的相关性分析
本发明纳入118例可手术的I-IV期NSCLC患者(I期:16%,II期:36%;III期:46%;IV期:2%)。其中,53.4%的患者年龄超过60岁,男性占比高于女性,肺鳞癌占29%。患者无病生存期(Disease-free Survival,DFS)计算是从患者根治性手术切除到发生局部复发或远端转移的时间。患者术后中位随访时间为897天,截止末次随访,共40.7%(48/118)的患者复发/转移,中位无病生存期达1029天。
将以上的患者临床特征纳入单因素Cox回归分析中,结果显示,患者病理TNM分期与DFS显著相关。如表3所示,III-IV期的患者术后复发/转移风险显著更高(p=0.012),生存曲线见图1。
表3单因素Cox分析显示不同临床特征对DFS的影响
临床特征 | HR(95%CI) | p值 |
年龄:>60岁vs.≤60岁 | 1.45(0.81-2.58) | 0.210 |
性别:男性vs.女性 | 1.47(0.80-2.72) | 0.210 |
组织学类型:肺鳞癌vs.其他亚型 | 0.75(0.39-1.42) | 0.373 |
病理TNM分期:III-IV vs.I-II | 2.10(1.16-3.80) | 0.012 |
基因变异与无病生存期的关联分析
接着,筛选体细胞变异频率大于5%的16个基因作为候选对象,并通过单因素Cox回归分析筛选出可能与患者DFS相关的基因标志物(p<0.050)。如表4所示,本发明发现手术肿瘤组织样本中携带TP53基因突变的患者(n=79)较野生型患者(n=39)术后复发/转移风险显著更高(p=0.026),Kaplan-meier生存分析也证实了这一点(见图2的A)。作为本发明中的一个发现,通过进一步分析TP53基因突变类型对DFS的影响,79例携带TP53基因突变的患者中,36例患者携带TP53基因失活突变(Disruptive mutation)失活突变包括移码突变、剪切突变和无义突变。Kaplan-meier生存分析显示携带TP53失活突变(Disruptivemutation)的患者术后复发/转移风险高于其他非失活突变型(Nondisruptive mutation)(HR=1.73,95%CI:0.91-3.28;p=0.091)和野生型(Wild-type)(HR=2.85,95%CI:1.34-6.07;p=0.005)患者,见图2的B。
表4单因素Cox分析显示不同基因变异对DFS的影响
ctDNA-MRD状态与无病生存期的相关性分析
本发明检测了682例血浆样本,包括术前血浆、术后1个月内血浆、辅助治疗后血浆、术后6-36个月每3个月一次采血检测。通过单因素Cox分析不同时间点血浆ctDNA-MRD状态与DFS的相关性,明确ctDNA动态监测的最佳时间点。如表5所示,尽管术前血浆ctDNA-MRD阴性(n=51)的患者比阳性(n=67)的患者DFS具有更优的趋势,但未达到统计学意义(p=0.117),这意味着术前血浆ctDNA不能成为NSCLC患者术后复发/转移风险的生物标志物。与之相反,术后1个月内血浆ctDNA-MRD阳性的患者(n=26)较阴性患者(n=88)术后复发/转移风险显著更高(HR=3.74,95%CI:2.10-6.68;p<0.001);根治性治疗后血浆(未辅助治疗患者为术后1个月内血浆,行辅助治疗患者为治疗完成后4个月内的血浆)ctDNA-MRD阳性患者共17例,较阴性患者(n=78)术后复发/转移风险显著更高(HR=4.55,95%CI:2.35-8.82;p<0.001);术后多点ctDNA-MRD阳性患者(术后监测期间任一时间点ctDNA-MRD阳性,则评估为术后多点ctDNA-MRD阳性患者)共54例,与阴性患者(n=64)相比,术后复发/转移风险显著升高(HR=7.18,95%CI:3.47-14.87;p<0.001),且相比于单个时间点,区分DFS的性能最优(HR最大),生存曲线见图3。
表5单因素Cox分析显示不同时间点血浆ctDNA-MRD状态对DFS的影响
不同时间点ctDNA-MRD状态 | HR(95%CI) | p值 |
术前ctDNA-MRD状态:阳性vs.阴性 | 1.63(0.88-3.00) | 0.117 |
术后1个月ctDNA-MRD状态:阳性vs.阴性 | 3.74(2.10-6.68) | <0.001 |
根治性治疗后ctDNA-MRD状态:阳性vs.阴性 | 4.55(2.35-8.82) | <0.001 |
术后多点ctDNA-MRD状态:阳性vs.阴性 | 7.18(3.47-14.87) | <0.001 |
预测模型的构建和性能验证
基于上述单因素Cox回归分析筛选得到的3个DFS影响因素(包括病理TNM分期、TP53基因不同突变类型和术后多点ctDNA-MRD状态),我们尝试各种组合构建DFS预测模型来评估NSCLC患者的术后复发/转移风险,并通过计算各组合的AIC值来选择最优模型。同时也测试了直接采用TP53基因状态(野生型赋值为0、突变赋值为1)和术后多点ctDNA-MRD状态(阴性赋值为0、阳性赋值为1)2个特征进行建模时,因为无法通过对失活/非失活突变进行区分,其AIC值提高,分类性能出现下降。如表6所示,当只纳入TP53基因突变类型和术后多点ctDNA-MRD状态时,AIC值最小,模型性能最优,故最终选择这2个特征构建NSCLC复发/转移风险预测模型。预测评分公式是:评分=0.32*α+1.87*β;α是指TP53基因状态,β是指术后多点ctDNA-MRD状态;当TP53基因为野生型,α赋值为0;当TP53基因为非失活突变,α赋值为1;当TP53基因为失活突变,α赋值为2;当术后多点ctDNA-MRD为阴性,β赋值为0;当术后多点ctDNA-MRD为阳性,β赋值为1。我们通过R包nomogram函数,分析不同风险预测评分下,患者术后两年内的复发转移概率,并通过平滑曲线进行展示,如图4所示,预测分值≥1.87,则患者术后2年内出现复发/转移的概率高于50%,建议这类患者2年内定期随访,做到癌症早发现早治疗,改善预后。
表6基于各种组合的DFS预测模型效果比较
C-index和AUC常用来评价模型区分度,C-index的有效范围是0.5-1,越接近1,表明模型的区分度越高,本发明构建模型的C-index值为0.749,见图5,模型预测性能优于单个特征性能。AUC的取值范围是0-1,大于0.80说明模型的准确度较高,本发明构建模型的12个月、18个月和24个月的AUC分别为0.832、0.795和0.763,见图6,说明此模型具有较高的区分度,尤其预测12个月DFS的性能最好。
Claims (9)
1.检测基因标志物的试剂在用于制备非小细胞肺癌患者复发/转移风险预测试剂中的应用,其特征在于,所述的基因标志物是指对组织样本中的TP53基因的突变、以及术后血浆ctDNA中的突变。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,其特征在于,所述的TP53基因的突变是指失活突变或者非失活突变,所述的失活突变是移码突变、剪切突变和无义突变。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,其特征在于,所述的术后血浆ctDNA来源于术后6-36个月内任一时间采集。
4.一种非小细胞肺癌患者复发/转移风险的预测装置,其特征在于,包括:
测序模块,用于对组织样本和血浆ctDNA样本进行测序,并获得组织样本中TP53基因突变信息,以及获得血浆ctDNA样本的突变信息;
分类模块,用于对测序模块中获得的TP53基因突变信息进行分类,分为失活突变和非失活突变两类;所述的失活突变是移码突变、剪切突变和无义突变;
模型构建模块,将训练样本的TP53基因突变类型、血浆ctDNA样本的突变状态作为输入值,以出现复发或转移的概率作为输出值,进行预测模型的构建;
判定模块,将由测序模块获得的待测样本信息输入至模型构建模块中得到的判定模型中,判定其复发或转移的概率。
5.根据权利要求4所述的非小细胞肺癌患者复发/转移风险的预测装置,其特征在于,所述的模型构建模块中,采用多因素COX回归模型。
6.根据权利要求5所述的非小细胞肺癌患者复发/转移风险的预测装置,其特征在于,TP53基因突变类型为失活突变时取值2,为非失活突变时取值1,野生型时取值0;血浆ctDNA样本突变阳性时取值1,阴性时取值0。
7.根据权利要求5所述的非小细胞肺癌患者复发/转移风险的预测装置,其特征在于,所述的模型构建模块中,采用的评分公式是:
评分=m*α+n*β;m、n为系数;
α是指TP53基因状态,TP53基因突变类型为失活突变时取值2,为非失活突变时取值1,野生型时取值0;
β是指血浆ctDNA样本的突变状态,血浆ctDNA样本突变阳性时取值1,阴性时取值0。
8.一种计算机可读介质,其特征在于,其记载有可运行以下非小细胞肺癌患者复发/转移风险预测步骤的计算机程序:
步骤1,用于对组织样本和血浆ctDNA样本进行测序,并获得组织样本中TP53基因突变信息,以及获得血浆ctDNA样本的突变信息;
步骤2,将获得的TP53基因突变信息进行分类,分为失活突变和非失活突变两类;所述的失活突变是移码突变、剪切突变和无义突变;
步骤3,将训练样本的TP53基因突变类型、血浆ctDNA样本的突变状态作为输入值,以出现复发或转移的概率作为输出值,进行预测模型的构建;
步骤4,待测样本信息输入至模型构建模块中得到的判定模型中,判定其复发或转移的概率。
9.根据权利要求6所述的计算机可读介质,其特征在于,所述的预测模型采用多因素COX回归模型,评分方程为:
评分=m*α+n*β;m、n为系数;
α是指TP53基因状态,TP53基因突变类型为失活突变时取值2,为非失活突变时取值1,野生型时取值0;
β是指血浆ctDNA样本的突变状态,血浆ctDNA样本突变阳性时取值1,阴性时取值0。
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CN117438097A (zh) * | 2023-12-22 | 2024-01-23 | 南京普恩瑞生物科技有限公司 | 一种用于早期肝癌术后复发风险预测的方法及系统 |
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CN117438097A (zh) * | 2023-12-22 | 2024-01-23 | 南京普恩瑞生物科技有限公司 | 一种用于早期肝癌术后复发风险预测的方法及系统 |
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