CN115857188A - Precise coaxiality adjustment method for transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system - Google Patents
Precise coaxiality adjustment method for transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the mechanical assembly and adjustment efficiency of a transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system is low, the precision is low, and the requirement for high-precision assembly and adjustment of multi-light-axis consistency of the transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system cannot be met, and provides a method for assembling and adjusting the precision coaxiality of the transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system. The precise coaxiality assembly and adjustment method combines an optical centering processing technology and a theodolite auto-collimation imaging technology, takes the optical axis of a primary mirror as the primary reference, leads out and converts the primary reference on the basis of the visualization of the optical axis of the auto-collimation theodolite, and precisely assembles the optical mirrors/lens groups in a beam-shrinking system, a transmitting branch and a receiving branch in sequence to ensure the high coaxiality requirement of the optical axes of the transmitting branch and the receiving branch. Meanwhile, the imaging quality of the optical system is confirmed through an interference detection technology, the wave aberration of the optical system is ensured to meet the design requirement, the assembly and adjustment efficiency is effectively improved, and the high-precision assembly and adjustment of the transmitting-receiving multi-optical-path system is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of precision optical mechanical assembly, and particularly relates to a method for adjusting the precision coaxiality of a transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system.
Background
Laser, television and infrared optical imaging systems mostly employ tracking aiming pods or ground electro-optical aiming devices. The distance, azimuth angle, attitude and other information are provided in real time through the target detection and observation. The electro-optical aiming accuracy largely determines the tracking accuracy of the optical system.
With the acceleration of the modernization process of equipment, optical systems in the modern equipment cover various wave bands from dim light to visible light and even mid-infrared light waves, corresponding optical axes are arranged from the visible light to the mid-infrared light wave bands, and photoelectric systems are all multi-optical-axis photoelectric systems. As a multispectral multi-optical-axis comprehensive photoelectric device integrating laser ranging, laser guidance, visible light observation and the like, whether the multi-optical-axis consistency can guarantee the effectiveness and the accuracy of the system or not is determined.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transmitting-receiving multi-optical-path optical system, which is composed of three parts of a beam-shrinking system (including a primary mirror 1, a secondary mirror 2, a folding-axis mirror 3 and an ocular lens 4), a transmitting branch (including a second beam splitter group 9, a collimating lens group 10 and a laser group 11), and a receiving branch (including a zoom lens group 5 and a first beam splitter group 6), and is a transmitting-receiving multi-optical-axis optical system which covers visible and infrared bands and has a multi-path observation function, wherein the adjustment relation of optical axis consistency is to implement accurate distance measurement, tracking, aiming and guarantee of target motion parameter transmission on a target. The parallelism of the transmitting and receiving multiple optical axes directly affects the accuracy and resolution of the system, so the optical axis consistency becomes an important parameter of the multi-optical-axis photoelectric equipment, and in order to ensure the transmitting and receiving multiple optical axis consistency of the measuring system, an assembly and adjustment method with high assembly and adjustment efficiency and precision is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the mechanical assembly and adjustment efficiency of a transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system is low, the precision is low, and the requirement for high-precision assembly and adjustment of multi-light-axis consistency of the transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system cannot be met, and provides a method for assembling and adjusting the precision coaxiality of the transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a precise coaxiality assembly and adjustment method for a transmitting and receiving multi-light-path optical system comprises a beam-shrinking system, M transmitting branches, a reflector group, a wedge-shaped spectroscope and N receiving branches; m is more than or equal to 1, N is more than or equal to 1; the beam contracting system comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a folding axis mirror and an ocular lens which are sequentially arranged along a light path; each optical lens in the transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system is arranged in a corresponding lens barrel through a lens frame;
the precise coaxiality adjusting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1), centering each optical lens/lens group in the transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system;
1.1, mounting a main mirror in a mirror frame to be connected with a centering lathe, monitoring a spherical center auto-collimation image of the main mirror by using a centering instrument under the rotation state of a main shaft of the centering lathe, adjusting the pose of the main mirror to ensure that the spherical center auto-collimation image has a shaking amount within 0.005mm when the main shaft of the lathe rotates, and the runout amounts of an inner hole and an end face of the main mirror are both less than 0.01mm, and then considering that the optical axis of the main mirror coincides with a rotating shaft of the lathe;
1.2, turning the outer diameter of a lens frame of the main mirror to ensure that the fit clearance between the main mirror and a lens cone of the main mirror is less than 0.01mm, and the rear end surface of the main mirror is exposed to light to finish centering processing of the main mirror, namely, the optical axis of the main mirror is transited to an inner hole reference axis of the lens frame;
1.3, sequentially finishing centering processing of other optical lenses/lens groups in the transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system according to a method of 1.1-1.2, namely finishing the superposition of the optical axis of each optical lens/lens group and the reference axis of the inner hole of the lens frame of each optical lens/lens group;
step 2), visually leading out a benchmark;
step 3), installing and adjusting a transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system;
in the step 2 and the step 3, the high-precision pose of each optical lens/lens group of the transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system in the lens barrel is adjusted, and the adjustment is realized by replacing the optical lens/lens group by a cross tool and combining an auto-collimation imaging technology; optical glass is arranged inside the cross wire tool, and a cross wire reticle is arranged at the center of the optical glass; the central circle of the cross-shaped reticle is a light-transmitting area, and the outer annular belt area of the cross-shaped reticle is a reflecting surface.
Further, the step 2) is specifically as follows:
2.1, matching a first tooling cross wire according to an installation inner hole of a lens barrel of the main lens, wherein the matching circumferential clearance of the first tooling cross wire and the first tooling cross wire is less than 0.01mm;
the first tooling cross wire comprises a central small circle and an outer annular belt, the central small circle is made of glass, cross scribed lines are carved on the central small circle of the glass and the central small circle of the glass is transparent, a mechanical rotating shaft of the first tooling cross wire represents an optical axis at the center of the glass, and 1/4 of the outer annular belt is a reflecting surface;
2.2, the first tooling cross wire is arranged in a lens barrel of the primary mirror, and the optical axis of a small circle at the center of the glass of the first tooling cross wire is used as the primary reference for precise adjustment;
and 2.3, based on the optical auto-collimation imaging principle, carrying out visual extraction of the main datum by means of the auto-collimation first theodolite.
Further, the reflector group comprises a first reflector, a second reflector and a third reflector; the light emitted by the ocular lens is divided into transmitted light and reflected light by the wedge-shaped spectroscope, the transmitted light is reflected by the first reflector and then enters the transmitting branch, and the reflected light is reflected by the third reflector and the second reflector in sequence and then enters the receiving branch; the M emission branches comprise a second spectroscope, a collimating lens and a laser group which are sequentially arranged along the light path to obtain M emission lights; the N receiving branches comprise a first spectroscope group and a zoom lens group which are sequentially arranged along a light path to obtain N received lights; the first transmitting branch comprises a third beam splitter, a first collimating mirror and a first laser which are sequentially arranged along a transmission light path; the first receiving branch comprises a first spectroscope and a first zoom lens which are sequentially arranged along the light path of the reflected light;
step 3), assembling, adjusting, receiving and transmitting the multi-light-path optical system, specifically:
3.1, adjusting and shrinking system
3.1.1 adjustment Primary mirror
In step 2.3, the main mirror is accurately positioned while the visual leading-out of the main reference is finished, the first tooling cross wire is disassembled, and the main mirror is assembled on the lens cone to finish the assembly and adjustment of the main mirror;
3.1.2, adjustment secondary mirror and folding axis mirror
Initially mounting a secondary mirror and a folding axis mirror at the mounting positions of the secondary mirror and the folding axis mirror which are planned in advance, and respectively arranging a second theodolite and a third theodolite on the optical axes of the secondary mirror and the folding axis mirror;
keeping the position of the first theodolite still, observing self-alignment images of the second theodolite and the third theodolite by taking a main datum led out by the first theodolite as a datum, adjusting the poses of the secondary mirror and the folding axis mirror until the second theodolite and the third theodolite are mutually self-aligned with the first theodolite, accurately positioning the secondary mirror and the folding axis mirror, assembling the secondary mirror and the folding axis mirror onto a lens cone of the secondary mirror and assembling and adjusting the secondary mirror and the folding axis mirror;
3.1.3 fitting and adjusting ocular
Arranging a fourth theodolite on the optical axis of the eyepiece, assembling and installing a second tooling cross wire at the rear end of the eyepiece, adjusting the position of a lens barrel of the eyepiece until the fourth theodolite and the second tooling cross wire penetrate through each other, accurately positioning the eyepiece, assembling the eyepiece on the lens barrel of the eyepiece, and completing the adjustment of the eyepiece;
3.2, adjusting the emission branch
3.2.1 Main reference conversion
A plane mirror is arranged at the rear end of the first transmitting branch, a fifth theodolite is arranged at the front end of the first transmitting branch planned in advance, and the main datum is transmitted to the fifth theodolite by utilizing the mutual aiming of the fifth theodolite and the fourth theodolite; adjusting the pose of the plane reflector until a self-alignment image reflected by the plane reflector is seen in an ocular lens of the fifth warp and weft instrument, and finishing leading out of the main reference and transmitting the main reference to the plane reflector;
3.2.2, sequentially installing a wedge-shaped spectroscope, a first reflector and a third spectroscope, and sequentially adjusting the poses of the wedge-shaped spectroscope and the first reflector until the self-alignment of the first theodolite is achieved;
3.2.3, a third tooling cross wire is arranged and manufactured at the front end of the first collimating lens cone, and the pose of the first collimating lens cone is adjusted until the first warp-weft instrument and the third tooling cross wire mutually perform self-alignment core penetration;
3.2.3, disassembling a cross wire of the third tool, assembling the first collimating lens to the lens cone of the third tool, and completing the assembly and adjustment of the first collimating lens, namely completing the assembly and adjustment of the first transmitting branch;
3.2.4, according to the method of 3.2.1-3.2.3, matching corresponding tooling cross wires, accurately positioning the reflecting mirrors and the spectroscopes on other M-1 emission branches, and completing the adjustment of other M-1 emission branches;
3.3, adjusting the receiving branch
3.3.1 Main reference conversion
Moving the plane mirror to the rear end of the first receiving branch, translating the fourth theodolite to the front end of the first receiving branch planned in advance, and adjusting the pose of the plane mirror until a self-alignment image reflected by the plane mirror is seen in an ocular of the first theodolite, so that the main reference is led out and transmitted to the plane mirror;
3.3.2, sequentially installing a third reflector, a second reflector and a first spectroscope, adjusting the poses of the third reflector and the first spectroscope until the first theodolite is self-aligned, and accurately positioning the first spectroscope;
installing a first zoom lens, matching and installing a fourth tooling cross wire at the rear end of a lens cone of the first zoom lens, and accurately positioning the first zoom lens through a trimming pad connected with the zoom lens and a zoom bracket until the first warp weft gauge and the fourth tooling cross wire are mutually self-aligned and penetrate through;
3.3.3, disassembling the fourth tooling cross wire, mounting the first zoom lens on the lens cone of the fourth tooling cross wire, and completing the assembly and adjustment of the first zoom lens, namely completing the assembly and adjustment of the first receiving branch;
3.3.4, according to the method of 3.3.1-3.3.3, matching corresponding tooling cross wires, accurately positioning the spectroscopes and the zoom lenses on the other N-1 receiving branches, and completing the assembly and adjustment of the other N-1 receiving branches.
Further, in step 3.1.2), the acute angle included angle between the optical axis of the secondary mirror and the horizontal direction is 8 ° ± 30 ", the acute angle included angle between the optical axis of the folding axis mirror and the horizontal direction is 37 ° ± 30", and the angle between the optical axis of the eyepiece and the horizontal direction is 90 ° ± 30 ".
Further, step 2.3 specifically includes:
a first theodolite is arranged on an incident optical axis of a pre-planned transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system, and light emitted by the first theodolite is reflected by a first tooling cross wire and is received by the first theodolite again;
adjusting the angle of the first theodolite to ensure that the center of an eyepiece of the first theodolite coincides with a self-alignment image of the first tooling cross wire; and then, translating the first warp-weft instrument along the optical axis direction to ensure that the center of an eyepiece of the first warp-weft instrument is aligned with a cross reticle at the center of a cross wire of the first tooling, thereby finishing the visual leading-out of the main datum.
Further, before step 3.2, step 3.1.4) is further included to perform image quality detection on the beam-shrinking system, specifically: an interferometer is placed at the rear end of the eyepiece so that the wave aberration detected by the interferometer meets the design requirements.
Further, after the step 3.2.4, performing image quality detection on each emission branch, and placing an interferometer at the rear end of the collimating mirror on each emission branch so that the detected wave aberration meets the design requirement;
after step 3.3.4, image quality detection is performed on each receiving branch, and an interferometer is placed at the rear end of the collimating mirror on each receiving branch, so that the detected wave aberration meets the design requirement.
Further, in step 3.1.4), the design requirement is: the wave aberration RMS is better than 0.05 lambda @632.8nm;
in step 3.2.4, the design requirements for performing image quality detection on each transmitting branch are as follows: the wave aberration RMS is better than 0.02 lambda @632.8nm;
in step 3.3.4, the design requirement for performing image quality detection on each receiving branch is as follows: the wave aberration RMS was better than 0.02 λ @632.8nm.
Further, the structures of the second tool cross wire, the third tool cross wire and the fourth tool cross wire are the same as the structure of the first tool cross wire;
the circumferential clearance of the second tooling cross wire and the lens barrel of the eyepiece is less than 0.01mm;
the circumferential clearance of the third tooling cross wire and the lens cone of the first collimating mirror is less than 0.01mm;
and the circumferential clearance of the cooperation between the fourth tooling cross wire and the lens cone of the first zoom lens is less than 0.01mm.
Further, the alignment accuracy of the first theodolite, the second theodolite, the third theodolite, the fourth theodolite and the fifth theodolite is 5 ".
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the precision coaxiality assembling and adjusting method for the transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system is based on a typical transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system, adopts a centering processing technology, ensures the high consistency of the optical axis of an optical lens/lens group and the mechanical excircle rotating shaft of the lens cone, and ensures the mutual replaceability of the optical axis and the mechanical axis. Meanwhile, a cross wire process device (cross wire tool) is manufactured by utilizing a centering processing technology, optical glass is arranged in the tool, the center of the glass is scribed and is transparent, and the rest ring belt areas are reflecting surfaces. The cross-wire tool replaces an optical lens/lens group, and the high-precision pose adjustment of the optical lens/lens group in each lens barrel is realized by combining an auto-collimation imaging technology.
2. The adjusting method adopts the auto-collimation imaging technology, adopts a plurality of theodolites to establish a space reference network, finishes leading-out and conversion of the reference through the theodolites according to the theoretical angle, finishes the space angle adjustment of each component in sequence, ensures that the precision of the theodolite is superior to 5', and has simple, convenient, efficient and reliable whole adjusting process.
3. The adjusting method combines the optical centering processing technology and the theodolite auto-collimation imaging technology, and provides 3 key steps: (1) the method comprises the steps of (1) reference leading-out and reference conversion, (2) adjustment of a receiving branch, and (3) adjustment of a transmitting branch. The method takes the optical axis of a primary mirror as a reference, precisely adjusts the optical components in the beam shrinking system by an auto-collimation theodolite optical axis visualization method, and ensures the high coaxiality requirement of the optical axes of the receiving branch and the transmitting branch. Within design tolerances, the alignment accuracy can be up to 5 ". Finally, the imaging quality of the optical system is confirmed through an interference detection technology, the wave aberration of the optical system is better than 0.08 lambda @632.8nm, the assembly and adjustment efficiency is effectively improved, and the high-precision assembly and adjustment of the transmitting-receiving multi-optical-path system are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical transceiver multi-optical-path optical system;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a transmitting/receiving multi-path optical system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first tooling cross-wire structure in the precision coaxiality adjusting method of the transmitting-receiving multi-optical-path optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a drawing illustrating visualization of the basis in step 2) in the tuning method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of adjusting the secondary lens, the folding axis lens and the eyepiece in step 3.1) in the embodiment of the adjusting method of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of reference lead-out transmission of the first transmitting branch in step 3.2) in the adjusting method of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the adjusting of the first transmitting branch in step 3.2) in the embodiment of the adjusting method of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the reference leading-out transmission of the first receiving branch in step 3.3) in the adjusting method of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the step 3.3) of tuning the first receiving branch according to the embodiment of the tuning method of the present invention;
reference numerals are as follows:
1-primary mirror, 2-secondary mirror, 3-folding axis mirror, 4-ocular lens, 5-zoom lens group, 6-first beam splitter group, 7-reflector group, 8-wedge beam splitter, 9-second beam splitter group, 10-collimating lens group, 11-laser group, 12-first theodolite, 13-first tooling cross wire, 14-second theodolite, 15-third theodolite, 16-fourth theodolite, 17-second tooling cross wire, 18-third tooling cross wire, 19-plane reflector, 20-fourth tooling cross wire and 21-fifth theodolite;
51-a first zoom lens, 52-a second zoom lens, 61-a first spectroscope, 62-a second spectroscope, 71-a first reflector, 72-a second reflector, 73-a third reflector, 91-a third spectroscope, 92-a fourth spectroscope, 93-a fifth spectroscope, 101-a first collimating mirror, 102-a second collimating mirror and 103-a third collimating mirror.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, advantages and features of the present invention more clear, a method for adjusting the precision coaxiality of a transmitting/receiving multi-optical-path optical system according to the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 2, the transmitting-receiving multi-optical-path optical system of the present embodiment includes a beam-shrinking system, three transmitting branches, a reflector group 7, a wedge-shaped beam splitter 8, and two receiving branches. The beam contracting system comprises a primary mirror 1, a secondary mirror 2, a folding axis mirror 3 and an ocular 4, incident light is firstly transmitted by the secondary mirror 2 and then vertically incident to the primary mirror 1, and after reflection, the incident light is reflected by the secondary mirror 2 and the folding axis mirror 3 in sequence and then incident to the ocular 4.
The reflecting mirror group 7 comprises a first reflecting mirror 71, a second reflecting mirror 72 and a third reflecting mirror 73, light emitted from the ocular lens group 4 is divided into two beams of light by the wedge-shaped beam splitter 8, the split transmitted light enters the first reflecting mirror 71, the reflected light enters the transmitting branch, the reflected light enters the third reflecting mirror 73 and the second reflecting mirror 72 in sequence, and the reflected light enters the receiving branch after being reflected.
The emission branch comprises a second spectroscope group 9, a collimating mirror group 10 and a laser group 11 which are sequentially arranged along a light path, and each mirror group is provided with 3 spectroscopes, collimating mirrors and lasers to form 3 emission branches. The transmitted light split by the wedge-shaped beam splitter 8 is reflected by the first reflecting mirror 71 and then sequentially enters the beam splitter, the collimating mirror and the laser on each emission branch to obtain three paths of emitted light.
The receiving branch comprises a first spectroscope group 6 and a zoom lens group 5 which are sequentially arranged along a light path, and each lens group is provided with 2 zoom lenses and spectroscopes to form a 2-path receiving branch. The reflected light split by the wedge-shaped beam splitter 8 is sequentially incident to the third reflecting mirror 73 and the second reflecting mirror 72 for reflection, and then sequentially incident to the beam splitter and the zoom lens on each receiving branch, so as to obtain two paths of received light.
The optical lenses/lens groups are all installed in corresponding lens frames, the lens frames are fixed in lens barrels provided with multistage step surfaces, and when the transmitting and receiving multi-light-path optical system is assembled and adjusted, the lens barrels of the lens groups are required to be fixed on a base, so that the assembling and adjusting of the transmitting and receiving multi-light-path optical system are completed.
In order to meet the requirement of high-precision assembling and adjusting of multi-optical axis consistency of a transmitting and receiving multi-optical path optical system, the position of each lens group lens barrel needs to be ensured by accurate assembling and adjusting, and the property of a rotator of the lens barrel determines that the lens barrel has an inner hole reference axis.
Based on the structure of the transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system, the precise coaxiality adjusting method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1) centering each optical lens/lens group
The main mirror 1 in the beam-shrinking system is taken as an example, and the centering processing steps are as follows
1.1, mounting a main mirror 1 on a mirror frame of the main mirror 1 and then connecting the main mirror with a centering lathe, monitoring a spherical center auto-collimation image of the main mirror 1 by using a centering instrument under the rotation state of a main shaft of the centering lathe, and adjusting the pose of the main mirror 1 to ensure that the spherical center auto-collimation image shakes within 0.005mm when the main shaft of the lathe rotates, wherein the runout of an inner hole and an end face of the main mirror 1 are both less than 0.01mm, and at the moment, the optical axis of the main mirror 1 is considered to be coincident with a rotating shaft of the lathe;
1.2, turning the outer diameter of a lens frame of the main mirror 1 to ensure that the fit clearance between the main mirror and the lens cone of the main mirror 1 is less than 0.01mm, and the rear end surface of the main mirror 1 is exposed to light to finish centering processing of the main mirror 1, wherein the optical axis of the main mirror 1 is considered to be transferred to a reference axis of an inner hole of the lens frame of the main mirror 1;
1.3, according to the method of 1.1-1.2, sequentially finishing the centering processing of other optical lenses/lens groups in the transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system, namely, considering that the optical axis of each optical lens/lens group is transited to the reference axis of the inner hole of the corresponding lens frame, and at the same time, the optical axis of each optical lens/lens group is superposed with the reference axis of the inner hole of the corresponding lens frame.
Step 2) visual leading-out of benchmark
2.1, matching a first tooling cross wire 13 according to an installation inner hole of a lens cone of the main lens 1;
as shown in fig. 3, the first tooling cross wire 13 comprises a central small circle and an outer annular ring, the central small circle is made of glass, cross-shaped scribed lines are carved on the central small circle of the glass and the central small circle of the glass is transparent, a mechanical rotating shaft of the first tooling cross wire 13 represents an optical axis at the center of the glass, and 1/4 of the outer annular ring is a reflecting surface; the outer annular ring is turned by an optical centering processing technology, the optical axis of a small circle in the center of the glass is transited to the reference axis of the outer annular ring, and the fit clearance between the optical axis and the lens cone of the primary mirror 1 is ensured to be less than 0.01mm, otherwise, the first tooling cross wire 13 needs to be processed again.
2.2, as shown in fig. 4, the first tooling cross wire 13 is installed in the lens barrel of the primary mirror 1, the optical axis of the small circle at the center of the glass of the first tooling cross wire 13 is used as the main reference for the precise adjustment of the transmitting and receiving multi-light-path optical system, and the visual extraction of the reference is carried out by means of the auto-collimation first theodolite 12 based on the optical auto-collimation imaging principle.
Set up first theodolite 12 on the incident light axis of the receiving and dispatching multi-optical-path optical system of planning in advance, the light that first longitude appearance 12 sent is reflected through first frock cross 13, is received once more by first longitude appearance 12, forms the optics image of autonomy in first theodolite 12 is inside, and this image of autonomy can be observed in the eyepiece of first longitude appearance 12. At the same time, the central scribed line of the first tooling cross 13 can also be seen in the first warp gauge 12. The visualization of the benchmark is realized by monitoring the self-alignment image and the central reticle.
In this step, a visual leading-out reference is used for the first warp-weft instrument 12, and the specific operation is as follows: the angle of the first theodolite 12 is adjusted to ensure that the center of an ocular of the first theodolite 12 coincides with the self-alignment image of the first tooling cross wire 13, then the first theodolite 12 is translated along the direction of an optical axis to ensure that the center of the ocular of the first theodolite 12 aligns with the cross scribed line at the center of the first tooling cross wire 13, at the moment, the self-alignment image of the ocular of the first theodolite 12 coincides with the self-alignment image and the center cross wire image of the first tooling cross wire 13, namely, the mutual self-alignment centering of the first theodolite 12 and the first tooling cross wire 13 is realized, the visual leading-out of a benchmark is completed, and the first theodolite 12 is kept still. At this time, the optical axis of the first warp detector 12 represents the optical axis of the first tooling cross wire 13, which is also the main reference for the whole precision assembly process.
Step 3), assembling, adjusting, transmitting and receiving multi-light-path optical system
3.1, adjusting and shrinking system
3.1.1 adjusting the Primary mirror 1
After the visual leading-out of the reference is completed in the step 2), the accurate positioning of the main mirror 1 is completed at the same time, the first tooling cross wire 13 is disassembled, and the main mirror 1 is assembled on the lens cone thereof, so that the assembly and adjustment of the main mirror 1 are completed.
In the centering processing link of the step 1), the outer diameter of a lens frame in the main lens 1 is matched with a lens barrel, and the matching clearance is smaller than 0.01mm, so that the centered main lens is installed on the corresponding main lens barrel, and the reference axis of the inner hole of the main lens barrel is overlapped with the optical axis height of a main lens element at the moment and is smaller than 0.01mm.
3.1.2, adjustment secondary mirror 2 and folding axis mirror 3
As shown in fig. 5, a second theodolite 14 and a third theodolite 15 are respectively arranged on the optical axes of the secondary mirror 2 and the folding axis mirror 3, the first theodolite 12 is led out of a main reference, and 3 adjustment of the secondary mirror 2 and the folding axis mirror is completed by the aid of other theodolites according to an optical theory design included angle.
The method comprises the following specific steps: the secondary mirror 2 and the folding axis mirror 3 are initially installed at the installation positions of the secondary mirror 2 and the folding axis mirror 3 planned in advance in the transmitting and receiving multi-light-path optical system, and a second theodolite 14 and a third theodolite 15 are respectively arranged on the optical axes of the secondary mirror 2 and the folding axis mirror 3. Keeping the position of the first theodolite 12 still, taking the leading-out main reference of the first theodolite 12 as a reference, adjusting the angles of the second theodolite 14 and the third theodolite 15 through theoretical design included angles until the second theodolite 14 and the third theodolite 15 are mutually self-aligned with the first theodolite 12, realizing the determination of the poses of the secondary mirror 2 and the folding axis mirror 3, and further completing the adjustment of the secondary mirror 2 and the folding axis mirror 3.
In this embodiment, the acute angle included angle between the outgoing light of the second theodolite 14 and the horizontal direction is 8 ° ± 30 ", and the acute angle included angle between the outgoing light of the third theodolite 15 and the horizontal direction is 37 ° ± 30".
3.1.3, fitting and adjusting ocular lens 4
As shown in fig. 5, a second tooling cross wire 17 is installed on the lens cone of the eyepiece 4, a fourth theodolite 16 is arranged at the rear end of the lens cone of the eyepiece 4, the pose of the lens cone of the eyepiece 4 is adjusted until the fourth theodolite 16 and the second tooling cross wire 17 are mutually penetrated, namely, the self-alignment image of the eyepiece of the fourth theodolite 16 coincides with the self-alignment image and the central cross wire image of the second tooling cross wire 17, so that the accurate positioning of the eyepiece 4 is completed, and then the second tooling cross wire 17 is disassembled. The included angle between the optical axis of the eyepiece and the horizontal direction is 90 +/-30'.
Because the eyepiece 4 and the lens barrel thereof are matched in the centering process in the step 1), and the matching gap between the eyepiece 4 and the lens barrel thereof is smaller than 0.01mm, after the eyepiece 4 is accurately positioned, the eyepiece 4 is assembled to the lens barrel thereof through tight fit, and then the adjustment of the eyepiece 4 can be completed.
3.1.4 image quality detection of beam shrinking system
An interferometer is arranged at the rear end of the ocular 4, and the adjusted beam-shrinking system is subjected to image quality detection, so that the wave aberration RMS detected by the interferometer is better than 0.05 lambda @632.8nm, and the system is used as the premise of completing assembly of a system subassembly, and the excellent imaging quality of the system is ensured.
3.2, adjusting the emission branch
3.2.1, as shown in fig. 6, a plane mirror 19 is arranged at the rear end of the first transmitting branch, a fifth theodolite 21 is arranged at the front end of the first transmitting branch planned in advance, the fifth theodolite 21 and the fourth theodolite 16 are used for mutual aiming, the main reference is transmitted to the fifth theodolite 21, the fifth theodolite 21 is moved to the front side of the first transmitting branch through a translation table, the position and the posture of the plane mirror 19 are adjusted until an autocollimation image reflected by the plane mirror 19 can be seen in an ocular of the first theodolite 12, and the main reference of the system is led out and transmitted to the plane mirror 19;
3.2.2, sequentially installing the wedge-shaped spectroscope 8, the first reflecting mirror 71 and the third spectroscope 91, and sequentially adjusting the poses of the wedge-shaped spectroscope 8 and the first reflecting mirror 71 to enable the first warp and weft instrument 12 to be self-accurate;
3.2.3, matching and installing a third tooling cross wire 18 at the front end of the first collimating mirror 101 lens cone, and adjusting the pose of the first collimating mirror 101 lens cone until the first theodolite 12 and the third tooling cross wire 18 are mutually subjected to self-alignment centering;
3.2.3, as shown in fig. 7, disassembling the third tooling cross wire 18, and because the first collimating mirror 101 and the lens barrel thereof complete the vehicle matching in the centering process of the step 1, and the matching gap between the first collimating mirror 101 and the lens barrel thereof is less than 0.01mm, the first collimating mirror 101 is assembled into the lens barrel thereof through tight fit, and the assembly and adjustment of the first transmitting branch can be completed;
3.2.4, an interferometer is arranged at the rear end of the first collimating mirror 101, and the image quality of the first transmitting branch after the adjustment is detected, so that the wave aberration RMS detected by the interferometer is better than 0.02 lambda @632.8nm.
3.2.5, according to the method of 3.2.1-3.2.4, completing the accurate positioning of the second reflecting mirror 72 and the fourth beam splitter 92, and the third reflecting mirror 73 and the fifth beam splitter 93, and completing the adjustment of the second emission branch and the third emission branch.
3.3, adjusting the receiving branch
3.3.1, as shown in fig. 8, moving the plane reflector 19 to the rear end of the first receiving branch, translating the fourth theodolite 16 to the front end of the first receiving branch through the translation stage, and adjusting the pose of the plane reflector 19 until a self-alignment image reflected by the plane reflector 19 can be seen in an eyepiece of the fourth theodolite 16, thereby completing the leading-out of the main reference of the system and transmitting the main reference to the plane reflector 19;
3.3.2, sequentially installing a third reflector 73, a second reflector 72 and a first beam splitter 61, and adjusting the poses of the third reflector 73 and the first beam splitter 61 until the first warp and weft analyzer 12 is self-aligned to finish the accurate positioning of the first beam splitter 61;
as shown in fig. 9, the first zoom lens 51 of the first receiving branch is installed, the fourth tooling cross wire 20 is installed at the rear end of the lens barrel of the first zoom lens 51, and the accurate positioning of the first zoom lens 51 is completed by repairing and grinding the trimming pad connected between the zoom lens 51 and the zoom bracket until the first theodolite 12 and the fourth tooling cross wire 20 are self-aligned to each other;
3.3.3, disassembling the fourth tooling cross wire 20, and assembling and adjusting the first receiving branch by assembling the first zoom lens 51 into the lens barrel through tight fit because the first zoom lens 51 and the lens barrel thereof complete vehicle matching in the centering process of the step 1 and the matching clearance between the first zoom lens 51 and the lens barrel thereof is less than 0.01mm;
3.3.4, an interferometer is arranged at the rear end of the first zoom lens 51, and the image quality of the first receiving branch after the installation and adjustment is detected, so that the wave aberration RMS detected by the interferometer is better than 0.02 lambda @632.8nm, and the interferometer is used as the premise of the completion of the assembly of the branch, and the excellent imaging quality of the system is ensured.
3.3.5, according to the method of 3.3.1-3.3.4, the accurate positioning of the second zoom lens 52 and the second beam splitter 62 is completed, and the adjustment of the second receiving branch is completed.
The present embodiment is based on an interchangeability technique of high-precision matching. After all the optical lens/lens group and the tooling cross wire are processed by optical centering, the fit clearance between the optical lens/lens group and the tooling cross wire and the lens cone is less than 0.01mm, and the resetting precision is still high after repeated disassembly. Based on the reasons, the optical lenses/lens groups are firstly detached, the tooling cross wires are arranged in the optical lenses/lens groups for visual precise assembly and adjustment, the tooling cross wires are detached after the lens cone is positioned and assembled, the optical lenses/lens groups are sequentially arranged in the optical lenses/lens groups, and the final optical assembly and adjustment is completed through high-precision matching.
In other embodiments, if there are multiple transmitting branches and multiple receiving branches in the transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system, the spatial pose of the optical lens group in the branches can be accurately positioned in sequence according to the above-mentioned process.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A precise coaxiality assembly and adjustment method for a transmitting and receiving multi-light-path optical system comprises a beam-shrinking system, M transmitting branches, a reflector group (7), a wedge-shaped spectroscope (8) and N receiving branches; m is more than or equal to 1, N is more than or equal to 1; the beam-shrinking system comprises a primary mirror (1), a secondary mirror (2), a folding axis mirror (3) and an ocular lens (4) which are sequentially arranged along a light path; each optical lens in the transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system is arranged in a corresponding lens barrel through a lens frame;
the precise coaxiality adjusting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1), centering each optical lens/lens group in the transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system;
1.1, mounting a main mirror (1) in a mirror frame to be connected with a centering lathe, monitoring a spherical center self-alignment image of the main mirror (1) by using a centering instrument under the rotation state of a main shaft of the centering lathe, adjusting the pose of the main mirror (1), and determining that the optical axis of the main mirror (1) is coincident with a lathe rotating shaft if the spherical center self-alignment image is within 0.005mm in shaking amount and the jumping amounts of an inner hole and an end face of the main mirror (1) are both less than 0.01mm when the main shaft of the lathe rotates;
1.2, turning the outer diameter of a lens frame of the main mirror (1), ensuring that the fit clearance between the main mirror and the lens cone of the main mirror (1) is less than 0.01mm, and the rear end surface of the main mirror is exposed to light to finish centering processing of the main mirror (1), namely, the optical axis of the main mirror (1) is transited to a reference axis of an inner hole of the lens frame;
1.3, according to the method of 1.1-1.2, sequentially finishing the centering processing of other optical lenses/lens groups in the transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system, namely finishing the coincidence of the optical axis of each optical lens/lens group and the reference axis of the inner hole of the lens frame of each optical lens/lens group;
step 2), visually leading out a benchmark;
step 3), installing and adjusting a transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system;
in the step 2 and the step 3, the high-precision pose of each optical lens/lens group of the transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system in the lens barrel is adjusted, and the adjustment is realized by replacing the optical lens/lens group by a cross tool and combining an auto-collimation imaging technology; optical glass is arranged inside the cross wire tool, and a cross wire reticle is arranged at the center of the optical glass; the central circle of the cross-shaped reticle is a light-transmitting area, and the outer annular belt area of the cross-shaped reticle is a reflecting surface.
2. The precision coaxiality adjusting method for the transmitting-receiving multi-optical-path optical system according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) is specifically as follows:
2.1, matching a first tooling cross wire (13) according to an installation inner hole of a lens barrel of the main lens (1), wherein the matching circumferential clearance of the first tooling cross wire and the first tooling cross wire is less than 0.01mm;
the first tooling cross wire (13) comprises a central small circle and an outer annular belt, the central small circle is made of glass, cross-shaped scribed lines are carved on the central small circle of the glass and the central small circle of the glass is transparent, a mechanical rotating shaft of the first tooling cross wire (13) represents an optical axis at the center of the glass, and 1/4 of the outer annular belt is a reflecting surface;
2.2, a first tooling cross wire (13) is arranged in a lens barrel of the primary mirror (1), and the optical axis of a small circle at the center of the glass of the first tooling cross wire (13) is used as the primary reference for precise adjustment;
and 2.3, based on the optical auto-collimation imaging principle, carrying out visual extraction of the main reference by means of an auto-collimation first theodolite (12).
3. The precision coaxiality adjusting method of the transmitting-receiving multi-optical-path optical system according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the reflector group (7) comprises a first reflector (71), a second reflector (72) and a third reflector (73); the light emitted by the ocular lens (4) is divided into transmitted light and reflected light by the wedge-shaped spectroscope (8), the transmitted light is reflected by the first reflector (71) and then enters the transmitting branch, and the reflected light is reflected by the third reflector (73) and the second reflector (72) in sequence and then enters the receiving branch; the M emission branches comprise a second spectroscope group (9), a collimating lens group (10) and a laser group (11) which are sequentially arranged along a light path, and M emission lights are obtained; the N receiving branches comprise a first spectroscope group (6) and a zoom lens group (5) which are sequentially arranged along a light path, and N received lights are obtained; the first transmitting branch comprises a third beam splitter (91), a first collimating mirror (101) and a first laser which are sequentially arranged along a transmission light path; the first receiving branch comprises a first spectroscope (61) and a first zoom lens (51) which are sequentially arranged along the optical path of the reflected light;
step 3), assembling and adjusting the transmitting-receiving multi-light-path optical system, which specifically comprises the following steps:
3.1, adjusting and shrinking system
3.1.1 adjustment Main mirror (1)
In step 2.3, the main mirror (1) is accurately positioned while the visual leading-out of the main reference is finished, the first tooling cross wire (13) is disassembled, the main mirror (1) is assembled on the lens cone of the main mirror, and the assembly and adjustment of the main mirror (1) are finished;
3.1.2, adjusting secondary mirror (2) and folding axis mirror (3)
Initially mounting a secondary mirror (2) and a folding axis mirror (3) at the mounting positions of the secondary mirror (2) and the folding axis mirror (3) which are planned in advance, and respectively arranging a second theodolite (14) and a third theodolite (15) on the optical axes of the secondary mirror (2) and the folding axis mirror (3);
keeping the position of a first theodolite (12) still, taking a main datum led out by the first theodolite (12) as a datum, observing self-alignment images of a second theodolite (14) and a third theodolite (15), adjusting the poses of a secondary mirror (2) and a folding axis mirror (3) until the second theodolite (14) and the third theodolite (15) and the first theodolite (12) are mutually self-aligned and centered, accurately positioning the secondary mirror (2) and the folding axis mirror (3), assembling the secondary mirror (2) and the folding axis mirror (3) on lens barrels of the secondary mirror (2) and the folding axis mirror (3), and completing the assembly and adjustment of the secondary mirror (2) and the folding axis mirror (3);
3.1.3, adjusting eyepiece (4)
Arranging a fourth theodolite (16) on an optical axis of the ocular (4), matching and installing a second tooling cross wire (17) at the rear end of the ocular (4), adjusting the position of a lens barrel of the ocular (4) until the fourth theodolite (16) and the second tooling cross wire (17) mutually penetrate, accurately positioning the ocular (4), and assembling the ocular (4) on the lens barrel to finish the adjustment of the ocular (4);
3.2, adjusting the emission branch
3.2.1 Main reference conversion
A plane reflector (19) is arranged at the rear end of the first transmitting branch, a fifth theodolite (21) is arranged at the front end of the first transmitting branch planned in advance, and the main datum is transmitted to the fifth theodolite (21) by utilizing the mutual aiming of the fifth theodolite (21) and a fourth theodolite (16); adjusting the pose of the plane reflector (19) until a self-alignment image reflected by the plane reflector (19) is seen in an ocular lens of a fifth warp and weft instrument (21), and finishing leading out of the main reference and transferring to the plane reflector (19);
3.2.2, sequentially installing the wedge-shaped spectroscope (8), the first reflector (71) and the third spectroscope (91), and sequentially adjusting the poses of the wedge-shaped spectroscope (8) and the first reflector (71) until the first theodolite (12) is self-aligned;
3.2.3, a third tooling cross wire (18) is arranged at the front end of the lens cone of the first collimating lens (101) in a matched mode, and the pose of the lens cone of the first collimating lens (101) is adjusted until the first theodolite (12) and the third tooling cross wire (18) are mutually self-aligned and penetrate through;
3.2.3, disassembling a third tooling cross wire (18), assembling the first collimating mirror (101) on the lens cone, and completing the assembly and adjustment of the first collimating mirror (101), namely completing the assembly and adjustment of the first transmitting branch;
3.2.4, according to the method of 3.2.1-3.2.3, matching corresponding tooling cross wires, accurately positioning the reflecting mirrors and the spectroscopes on other M-1 emission branches, and completing the adjustment of other M-1 emission branches;
3.3, adjusting the receiving branch
3.3.1 Main reference conversion
Moving the plane reflector (19) to the rear end of the first receiving branch, translating the fourth theodolite (16) to the front end of the first receiving branch planned in advance, and adjusting the pose of the plane reflector (19) until a self-alignment image reflected by the plane reflector (19) is seen in an ocular lens of the fourth theodolite (16), so that the main reference is led out and transmitted to the plane reflector (19);
3.3.2, sequentially installing a third reflector (73), a second reflector (72) and a first spectroscope (61), adjusting the poses of the third reflector (73) and the first spectroscope (61) until the first theodolite (12) is self-aligned, and accurately positioning the first spectroscope (61);
installing a first zoom lens (51), matching and installing a fourth tooling cross wire (20) at the rear end of a lens barrel of the first zoom lens (51), and accurately positioning the first zoom lens (51) by repairing and grinding a trimming pad connected with the zoom lens (51) and a zoom bracket until the first theodolite (12) and the fourth tooling cross wire (20) mutually pass through the center in a self-alignment manner;
3.3.3, disassembling the fourth tooling cross wire (20), mounting the first zoom lens (51) on the lens barrel of the fourth tooling cross wire, and completing the assembly and adjustment of the first zoom lens (51), namely completing the assembly and adjustment of the first receiving branch;
3.3.4, according to the method of 3.3.1-3.3.3, matching corresponding tooling cross wires, accurately positioning the spectroscopes and the zoom lenses on the other N-1 receiving branches, and completing the adjustment of the other N-1 receiving branches.
4. The precision coaxiality adjusting method of the transmitting-receiving multi-optical-path optical system according to claim 3, characterized in that:
in the step 3.1.2), the acute angle between the optical axis of the secondary mirror (2) and the horizontal direction is 8 degrees +/-30 degrees, the acute angle between the optical axis of the folding axis mirror (3) and the horizontal direction is 37 degrees +/-30 degrees, and the angle between the optical axis of the eyepiece and the horizontal direction is 90 degrees +/-30 degrees.
5. The precision coaxiality adjusting method for the transmitting-receiving multi-optical-path optical system according to claim 4, wherein the step 2.3 is specifically as follows:
a first theodolite (12) is arranged on an incident optical axis of a pre-planned transmitting and receiving multi-optical-path optical system, and light emitted by the first theodolite (12) is reflected by a first tooling cross wire (13) and is received by the first theodolite (12) again;
adjusting the angle of the first theodolite (12) to ensure that the center of an eyepiece of the first theodolite coincides with a self-alignment image of the first tooling cross wire (13); and then, the first warp-weft instrument (12) is translated along the optical axis direction to ensure that the center of an eyepiece of the first warp-weft instrument is aligned with a cross reticle at the center of the first tooling cross wire (13), so that the visual leading-out of the main datum is completed.
6. The precision coaxiality adjusting method for the transmitting-receiving multi-optical-path optical system according to claim 5, characterized in that:
before step 3.2, further comprising step 3.1.4) of performing image quality detection on the beam-shrinking system, specifically: an interferometer is placed at the rear end of the eyepiece (4) so that the wave aberration detected by the interferometer meets the design requirements.
7. The precision coaxiality adjusting method for the transmitting-receiving multi-optical-path optical system according to claim 6, characterized in that:
after the step 3.2.4, performing image quality detection on each emission branch, and placing an interferometer at the rear end of the collimating mirror on each emission branch to enable the detected wave aberration to meet the design requirement;
after step 3.3.4, image quality detection is performed on each receiving branch, and an interferometer is placed at the rear end of the collimating mirror on each receiving branch, so that the detected wave aberration meets the design requirement.
8. The precision coaxiality adjusting method for the transmitting-receiving multi-optical-path optical system according to claim 7, characterized in that:
in step 3.1.4), the design requirements are: the wave aberration RMS is better than 0.05 lambda @632.8nm;
in step 3.2.4, the design requirements for performing image quality detection on each transmitting branch are as follows: wave aberration RMS is better than 0.02 lambda @632.8nm;
in step 3.3.4, the design requirements for performing image quality detection on each receiving branch are as follows: the wave aberration RMS was better than 0.02 λ @632.8nm.
9. The precision coaxiality adjusting method for the transmitting-receiving multi-optical-path optical system according to claim 8, characterized in that:
the structures of the second tooling cross wire (17), the third tooling cross wire (18) and the fourth tooling cross wire (20) are the same as those of the first tooling cross wire (13);
the circumferential clearance of the second tooling cross wire (17) and the lens barrel of the eyepiece (4) is less than 0.01mm;
the fit circumferential clearance between the third tooling cross wire (18) and the lens barrel of the first collimating mirror (101) is less than 0.01mm;
and the matching circumferential clearance between the fourth tooling cross wire (20) and the lens barrel of the first zoom lens (51) is less than 0.01mm.
10. The precision coaxiality adjusting method for the transmitting-receiving multi-optical-path optical system according to claim 8, characterized in that:
the alignment precision of the first theodolite (12), the second theodolite (14), the third theodolite (15), the fourth theodolite (16) and the fifth theodolite (21) is 5'.
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