CN115857065A - Tipping bucket type rain and snow gauge with snow melting function and fault warning method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tipping bucket type rain and snow gauge with a snow melting function and a fault warning method, wherein the rain and snow gauge comprises the following components: the outer side of the cylinder is provided with a heat-insulating layer; the rain receiving port is provided with a snow melting heating film; the rainwater tipping bucket is arranged in the inner space and is positioned below the rainwater bearing port; the precipitation detection module is arranged at the rain bearing port; the environment heating module is arranged in the inner space; the water outlet heating module is arranged at a water outlet at the bottom of the cylinder body; a temperature sensor disposed in the interior space; and the controller is connected with the snow melting heating film, the precipitation detection module, the environment heating module, the water outlet heating module, the temperature sensor and the rainwater tipping bucket. The tipping bucket type rain and snow gauge can realize low-energy-consumption operation, is suitable for transforming the existing tipping bucket type rain and snow sensor of a station, has the function of measuring snowfall, and can measure the rainfall and the snowfall.

Description

Tipping bucket type rain and snow gauge with snow melting function and fault warning method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a sensor for measuring the natural rainfall in the field of meteorological hydrology, in particular to a tipping bucket type rain and snow gauge with a snow melting function. The invention also relates to a fault warning method for the tipping bucket type rain and snow gauge.

Background

At present, the snow melting type rain and snow gauge on the market usually adopts the low-temperature electric heating mode, and when ambient temperature was less than a certain setting value, whether fall snow all started and continuously heated, and just stop until the inside certain temperature that reaches of rain and snow gauge, the continuous heating has caused the very big waste of electric energy, and the long-time dry combustion of heating module also can shorten its life simultaneously.

Still snow melt type rain and snow gauge has used the external sensor of feeling sleet to judge precipitation, and when ambient temperature is less than the settlement temperature and the rain and snow ware of feeling detects precipitation, just start heating module, for example the rain and snow ware is felt to the cell type photoelectric switch. Although this method can reduce energy consumption to some extent, it cannot distinguish between rainfall and snowfall, and when it rains, heating is also started, and the heating evaporates the rainfall, resulting in a reduction in the amount of rainfall measured. And the photoelectric switch surface is easy to pollute, after the surface pollutes, can't measure precipitation, even when snowing, when there is snow on the photoelectric switch surface, the laser can't see through, just can't normally work, needs artifical timely maintenance, is not suitable for field unmanned station to use. Moreover, the external rain and snow sensing device cannot measure the accumulated snow condition in the rain bearing port of the rain and snow gauge, and cannot accurately judge the heating stop time.

In addition, in various meteorological monitoring stations, a snow melting type rain and snow gauge is not widely used, a tipping bucket type rain sensor is mainly adopted to measure rainfall, in the north of China, when snowfalls in winter, the weather is cold, the accumulated snow in a rain bearing port of the rain sensor is not durable, so that the snowfall cannot be measured, and usually in winter, the rain sensor is covered with a cover and is stopped to use, so that the instrument is idle; in the south of China, when snowfall appears in winter, snow can exist in the rainfall bucket, when the temperature rises in daytime, the snow melts into water, the rainfall sensor can report the rainfall, and the rainfall stops for a period of time at the moment, so that the rainfall time is mistakenly reported, and the observation is influenced.

In addition, the current snow-melting type rain and snow gauge does not have a fault warning function, and when the rain and snow gauge has faults such as blockage, a tipping bucket clamp and damage of a reed switch, the faults cannot be found in time, so that the condition of lack of measurement during precipitation is caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a tipping bucket type rain and snow gauge with a snow melting function. The tipping bucket type rain and snow gauge can realize low-energy consumption operation only by starting a heating function when snowing, is suitable for transforming the existing tipping bucket type rain sensor of a station, has the function of measuring snowing, and can measure both the rainfall and the snowing.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a fault warning method for the dump bucket type rain and snow gauge.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a tip-bucket rain and snow gauge having a snow melting function, comprising:

the outer side of the cylinder is provided with a heat-insulating layer;

the rain receiving port is arranged in the barrel body, an inner space is formed between the rain receiving port and the bottom of the barrel body, and a snow melting heating film is arranged on the inner surface or in the interlayer of the rain receiving port;

the rainwater tipping bucket is arranged in the inner space and is positioned below the rainwater bearing port;

the precipitation detection module is arranged in the rain bearing port and used for detecting the depth of accumulated snow or water in the rain bearing port;

the environment heating module is arranged in the internal space and used for heating the internal environment;

the water outlet heating module is arranged at a water outlet at the bottom of the barrel and used for heating the water outlet;

the temperature sensor is arranged in the inner space and used for measuring the internal environment temperature of the inner space;

and the controller is arranged in the inner space and is connected with the snow melting heating film, the precipitation detection module, the environment heating module, the water outlet heating module, the temperature sensor and the rainwater tipping bucket.

Optionally, the precipitation detection module comprises a first sensor and a second sensor; the first sensors are arranged on two sides of the upper end of the precipitation detection module and used for measuring the range of accumulated snow or the height of the water level in the rain bearing port in a segmented manner; the second sensor is arranged at a precipitation detection water outlet at the bottom of the precipitation detection module and can be triggered by water drops or water flow flowing through the precipitation detection water outlet.

Optionally, the number of the first sensors is multiple, and the first sensors are distributed at intervals on two sides of the upper end of the precipitation detection module along the height direction.

Optionally, the first sensor comprises a first electrode point and a second electrode point located on the same horizontal plane.

Optionally, the second sensor comprises a first conductive point and a second conductive point embedded in the precipitation detection water outlet along a vertical direction, and a set distance is formed between the first conductive point and the second conductive point.

Optionally, the environmental heating module comprises a PTC heater mounted at the bottom inside the barrel and a fan for creating convection in the interior space.

Optionally, the snow melting heating film and/or the water outlet heating module is provided with a temperature control protection switch.

Optionally, the rainwater dump includes a diversion dump and a counting dump located below the diversion dump.

In order to achieve another object, the present invention provides a fault warning method for a dump bucket type rain and snow gauge, which is applied to any one of the dump bucket type rain and snow gauges with snow melting function, and comprises:

judging whether accumulated water exists in the rain bearing port or not by the controller according to the measurement data of the first sensor;

judging whether no water drops pass through the water outlet or whether the number of water drops passing through the water outlet but accumulated within a certain time is lower than a set value or not by the controller according to the measurement data of the second sensor;

if the judgment result is yes, the rain bearing port is determined to be blocked, and a rain bearing port blocking report is sent to the data center by the controller.

Further, still include:

judging whether the water outlet is water drop or water flow by the controller according to the measurement data of the second sensor, and judging whether the accumulated water drop number exceeds a set threshold value or whether the accumulated water flow time exceeds the set threshold value;

whether the overturning frequency of the rainwater tipping bucket is '0' is accumulated by the controller;

and if the judgment result is yes, determining that the rainwater tipping bucket has a fault, and sending a rainwater tipping bucket fault report to the data center by the controller.

The dump bucket type rain and snow gauge with the snow melting function provided by the invention has the advantages that accumulated snow in a rain bearing port is detected by the rainfall detection module, the accumulated snow in the rain bearing port is melted into water by adopting an electric heating mode, and then the rainfall amount is measured by the dump bucket, so that the measurement of the snowfall is realized, the melting state of the accumulated snow can be accurately judged, the heating is started only when the snowfall falls, the heating is accurately stopped, the heating is not performed in the rest time, the energy consumption is reduced, the environment heating module can effectively prevent the melted snow water from being frozen in the rain bearing port, the drainage port heating module can prevent the drainage port from being frozen and blocking a drainage funnel, the normal operation of the rain and snow gauge in a cold environment is ensured, and the controller can monitor the working state of each component of the rain and snow gauge in real time by combining the data returned by the rainfall detection module and the collected data of the dump bucket, so that the controller has the fault warning function.

According to the fault warning method for the tipping bucket type rain and snow meter, the controller analyzes abnormal conditions according to detection data of the sensor and judges possible faults, then the judgment result is reported to the data center, and maintenance personnel are arranged to process the faults by the data center, so that an effective warning method and means are provided for the fault warning function of the tipping bucket type rain and snow meter.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tipping bucket type rain and snow gauge with a snow melting function according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the precipitation detection module shown in FIG. 1;

fig. 3 is a division diagram of precipitation type and temperature interval.

In the figure:

1. rainfall detection module 2, snow melting heating film 3, controller 4, temperature sensor 5, environment heating module 6, heat preservation layer 7, rain bearing port 8, first sensor 81, first electrode point 82, second electrode point 9, second sensor 91, first conductive point 92, second conductive point 10, rainwater tipping bucket 101, water diversion tipping bucket 102, counting tipping bucket 11, water discharge heating module 12, barrel body

Detailed Description

In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

In this specification, terms such as "upper, lower, inner, and outer" are established based on positional relationships shown in the drawings, and the corresponding positional relationships may vary depending on the drawings, and therefore, the terms are not to be construed as absolutely limiting the scope of protection; moreover, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one element from another element having the same name, without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such elements.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dump-bucket rain and snow gauge with a snow melting function according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in the drawings, in a specific embodiment, the skip bucket type rain and snow gauge with the snow melting function provided by the invention mainly comprises a cylinder 12, a rain receiving port 7, a rain skip bucket 10, a precipitation detection module 1, an environment heating module 5, a water outlet heating module 11, a temperature sensor 4, a controller 3 and the like.

The tube body 12 is substantially cylindrical, the periphery of the tube body is provided with the heat-insulating layer 6, the heat-insulating layer 6 can be made of high-temperature-resistant waterproof heat-insulating materials, and the heat dissipation in the rain and snow meter can be effectively prevented by arranging the heat-insulating layer 6, so that the energy consumption is effectively reduced.

The rain bearing opening 7 is arranged in the barrel body 12 and forms an inner space with the bottom of the barrel body 12, the rainwater tipping bucket 10 is divided into a water diversion tipping bucket 101 and a counting tipping bucket 102, the water diversion tipping bucket 101 is positioned below the rain bearing opening 7 and only plays a role of water diversion but does not count, and the counting tipping bucket 102 is positioned below the water diversion tipping bucket 101 and is used for counting.

Be equipped with snow melt in the internal surface or the intermediate layer that hold rain mouth 7 and add hotting mask 2, snow melt adds hotting mask 2 and is used for melting the snow that holds in the rain mouth 7, snow melt adds hotting mask 2 and can adopt the silicon rubber to add the hotting mask, specifically can be paved with the infundibulate internal surface that holds rain mouth 7, and it is fixed to bond, it supplies power at the during operation 12V electric current, and be equipped with temperature control protection switch, when adding the hot-mold temperature and surpassing the protection temperature, the automatic cutout heating, prevent that the high temperature from influencing the life who adds hotting mask and rain and snow meter, protect installation maintenance personnel's safety simultaneously.

The precipitation detection module 1 is arranged at a water outlet at the bottom of the rain bearing port 7 and used for detecting the depth of accumulated snow or water in the rain bearing port 7

The environment heating module 5 adopts a PTC heater (namely, a thermistor heater) to heat the internal environment, the PTC heater is installed at the bottom of the barrel 12 and is provided with a fan (not shown in the figure), convection can be formed in the internal space through the fan, all parts in the internal space are heated uniformly, the internal environment temperature is kept above 0 ℃, and the melted snow water is prevented from being frozen in the rain and snow gauge.

The water outlet heating module 11 is installed at the water outlet at the bottom of the barrel 12 and used for heating the water outlet to prevent the water outlet from being blocked due to icing, and the water outlet heating module 11 is also provided with a temperature control protection switch similarly to the snow melting heating film 2.

The temperature sensor 4 is installed on the controller 3 for testing the internal ambient temperature of the rain and snow gauge.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the precipitation detection module shown in fig. 1.

As shown in the figure, precipitation detection module 1 is equipped with first sensor 8 and second sensor 9, and wherein, first sensor 8 is located precipitation detection module 1 upper end both sides for the segmentation is measured and is held the scope that snow or water level liquid level height fell into in the rain mouth, and second sensor 9 is located the precipitation detection delivery port of precipitation detection module 1 bottom, and it can be triggered by the water droplet or the rivers that flow through precipitation detection delivery port.

Specifically, the number of the first sensors 8 is two, and the first sensors are distributed at intervals on two sides of the upper end of the precipitation detection module 1 along the height direction, each first sensor is composed of a first electrode point 81 and a second electrode point 82 which are located on the same horizontal plane, and the first electrode point 81 and the second electrode point 82 are both connected with the processing circuit of the controller 3.

The first sensor 8 is designed mainly by utilizing the difference of the electrical conductivity of air and snow melt or rainwater, two electrode points of the first sensor are designed on the same horizontal plane, when the plane is not provided with snow melt or rainwater (air), the first sensor is in a high resistance state, and when the plane is provided with snow melt or rainwater, the first sensor is in a conduction state, so that the range in which the height of the snow melt or the water level in the rain bearing port falls can be judged.

In this embodiment, the number of the first sensors 8 is two, and the first sensors are spaced apart from each other in the height direction on the precipitation detecting module 1. Of course, the number of the first sensors 8 may be multiple, and may be further increased or decreased according to actual requirements.

The second sensor 9 has a first conductive point 91 and a second conductive point 92 embedded in the precipitation detection water outlet in the vertical direction, and the first conductive point 91 and the second conductive point 92 are both in a circular ring shape and have a set distance therebetween.

The operating principle of the second sensor 9 is similar to that of the first sensor 8, the first conductive point 91 and the second conductive point 92 are embedded into the water outlet of the precipitation detection module 1 along the vertical direction, a certain distance exists between the first conductive point 91 and the second conductive point 92, when the melted snow water or the converged rainwater in the rain bearing port 7 passes through the water drop or the water flow, the first conductive point 91 and the second conductive point 92 are conducted, and the condition of snow accumulation or water accumulation in the rain bearing port 7 can be accurately judged according to the detection data of the first sensor 8 and the second sensor 9.

The controller 3 is installed inside the rain and snow gauge, is connected with the precipitation detection module 1, the snow melting heating film 2, the environment heating module 5, the water outlet heating module 11, the temperature sensor 4, the rainwater tipping bucket 10 and the like through cables, collects information such as the first sensor 8, the second sensor 9, the environment temperature and the counting tipping bucket in real time, and controls the snow melting heating film 2, the environment heating module 1, the water outlet heating module 11 and the like to work. This is not described further herein since it can be implemented using general technology.

Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the precipitation type and temperature interval.

As shown in the figure, the precipitation types can be classified into rice snow, sleet, ice particles, sleet, rough rain, hail, etc., and generally, the rice snow, the snow and the ice particles are collectively called snow, and the rough rain and the rain are collectively called rain.

When the ambient temperature is higher than 6 ℃, the type of precipitation is rain or hail, and the precipitation is liquid without considering the hail, so that heating is not required to be started.

When the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the precipitation type is solid or solid-liquid mixed precipitation such as snow, rain and snow inclusion, freezing rain and the like, the snow melting heating film 2 needs to be started for melting, and the ambient heating module 5 and the water outlet heating film 11 need to be started to ensure that the melted snow water cannot be frozen.

When the ambient temperature is 0 ℃ -6 ℃, the precipitation types can be rain, snow, sleet, hail and other liquid, solid and solid-liquid mixed precipitation, the precipitation types are distinguished through the precipitation detection module 1, the heating is not needed to be started when the precipitation types are rain, the snow melting heating film 2 is needed to be started to melt when the precipitation types are other types, the rainwater evaporation caused by the heating is avoided when the precipitation is started, so that the measured value is lower, and meanwhile, the energy consumption is effectively reduced.

Certainly, in practical application, the relation between different areas or altitudes, the type of precipitation and the temperature has certain difference, and corresponding setting can be made according to practical conditions.

By adopting the technical scheme provided by the invention, the tipping bucket rain gauge applied to the current station can be conveniently upgraded, after the upgrading, the common tipping bucket rain gauge can realize the measurement of snowfall, is upgraded into the tipping bucket rain gauge and has the function of fault warning.

The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not limited thereto, and on the basis of the above embodiments, various embodiments can be obtained by performing targeted adjustment according to actual needs. For example, the barrel 12 may be designed in other shapes, or the internal environment may be heated in other manners, and so forth. This is not illustrated here, since many implementations are possible.

Because the field environment is abominable, the rain and snow gauge is placed in the field for a long time, and the rain bearing port 7 is easily blocked by impurities such as leaves, silt and the like, so that data cannot be acquired during precipitation.

In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for alarming a failure of a dump bucket type rain and snow gauge, which can determine whether the rain inlet 7 is blocked and whether the rain dump 10 is failed, in addition to the dump bucket type rain and snow gauge having the snow melting function.

The process of judging whether the rain receiving port 7 is blocked is as follows:

the controller 3 judges whether water is accumulated in the rain bearing port 7 according to the measurement data of the first sensor 8;

the controller 3 judges whether no water drops pass through the water outlet or whether the number of water drops passing through the water outlet but accumulated within a certain time is lower than a set value according to the measurement data of the second sensor 9;

if the judgment result is yes, the blockage of the rain bearing port 7 is determined, and a rain bearing port blockage report is sent to the data center by the controller.

Specifically, according to the operating principle of the first sensor 8 and the second sensor 9, the returned data is a high-resistance value indicating that no precipitation has occurred, and a low-resistance value indicating that precipitation has occurred. Here, the values are represented by "0" and "1", respectively, "0" represents a high resistance value, and "1" represents a low resistance value. When the first sensor 8 changes from "0" to "1" and continues to be "1", it indicates that there is water in the rain inlet 7, and the depth of the water rises to the position of the first sensor 8.

When a water drop passes through the second sensor 9, the state of the water drop is changed from '0' to '1' and then to '0', the second sensor 9 is conducted once every time a water drop passes, and the number of times of changing '0' to '1' can be counted.

When the first sensor 8 continues to be "1", the second sensor 9 continues to be "0", or the number of times of change to "1" within a certain cumulative time is lower than a certain set value, it is determined that the rain inlet 7 is clogged, and a report of clogging of the rain inlet 7 is transmitted from the controller 3 to the data center.

The process of judging whether the rainwater tipping bucket 10 fails is as follows:

when the number of times that the second sensor 9 continues to be "1" (i.e., to form a water current) or becomes "1" is higher than a predetermined value and the value of the rainwater hopper 10 is "0" during a predetermined time period is accumulated by the controller 3, it is determined that the water diversion hopper 101 or the counting hopper 102 of the rainwater hopper 10 is out of order, and a counting hopper failure report is transmitted from the controller 3 to the data center.

The tipping bucket type rain and snow gauge with the snow melting function and the fault warning method provided by the invention are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the core concepts of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A tipping bucket type rain and snow gauge with snow melting function is characterized by comprising:

a cylinder body (12), wherein the outer side of the cylinder body is provided with a heat-insulating layer (6);

the rain receiving port (7) is arranged in the barrel body (12) and forms an internal space with the bottom of the barrel body (12), and a snow melting heating film (2) is arranged on the inner surface or in an interlayer of the rain receiving port (7);

the rainwater tipping bucket (10) is arranged in the inner space and is positioned below the rainwater bearing port (7);

the precipitation detection module (1) is arranged on the rain bearing opening (7) and is used for detecting the accumulated snow or the accumulated water depth in the rain bearing opening (7);

the environment heating module (5) is arranged in the internal space and used for heating the internal environment;

the water outlet heating module (11) is arranged at a water outlet at the bottom of the cylinder body (12) and is used for heating the water outlet;

a temperature sensor (4) provided in the internal space for measuring an internal ambient temperature of the internal space;

and the controller (3) is arranged in the inner space and is connected with the snow melting heating film (2), the precipitation detection module (1), the environment heating module (5), the water outlet heating module (11), the temperature sensor (4) and the rainwater tipping bucket (10).

2. A skip bucket rain and snow gauge with snow melting function according to claim 1, wherein said precipitation detection module (1) comprises a first sensor (8) and a second sensor (9); the first sensors (8) are arranged on two sides of the upper end of the precipitation detection module (1) and used for measuring the range of accumulated snow or the height of the water level in the rain bearing port (7) in a segmented manner; the second sensor (9) is arranged at the precipitation detection water outlet at the bottom of the precipitation detection module (1) and can be triggered by water drops or water flow flowing through the precipitation detection water outlet.

3. A skip type rain and snow gauge with snow melting function according to claim 2, wherein said first sensor (8) is plural in number and is spaced apart from both sides of the upper end of said precipitation detection module (1) in the height direction.

4. A skip bucket rain and snow gauge with snow melting function according to claim 3, characterized in that said first sensor (8) comprises a first electrode point (81) and a second electrode point (82) on the same horizontal plane.

5. A dump box type rain and snow gauge with snow melting function according to claim 2, characterized in that said second sensor (9) comprises a first conductive point (91) and a second conductive point (92) embedded in said precipitation detection water outlet along the vertical direction, and said first conductive point (91) and said second conductive point (92) have a set distance therebetween.

6. A dump box type rain and snow gauge with snow melting function according to claim 2, characterized in that said environment heating module (5) comprises a PTC heater installed at the bottom inside said barrel (12) and a fan for forming convection in said inner space.

7. A skip bucket type rain and snow gauge with snow melting function according to claim 6, wherein the snow melting heating film (2) and/or the water outlet heating module (11) is provided with a temperature control protection switch.

8. A skip bucket type rain and snow gauge with snow melting function according to claim 7, wherein said rain skip bucket (10) comprises a water diversion skip bucket (101) and a counting skip bucket (102) located below said water diversion skip bucket (101).

9. A method for alarming a trouble in a dump bucket type rain and snow gauge of any one of claims 2 to 8, comprising:

judging whether accumulated water exists in the rain bearing port (7) or not by the controller (3) according to the measurement data of the first sensor (8);

judging whether no water drops pass through the water outlet or whether the number of water drops passing through the water outlet but accumulated within a certain time is lower than a set value or not by the controller (3) according to the measurement data of the second sensor (9);

and if the judgment result is yes, determining that the rain receiving port (7) is blocked, and sending a rain receiving port blocking report to a data center by the controller (3).

10. The tip-bucket rain and snow gauge fault warning method of claim 9, further comprising:

judging whether the water outlet is water drop or water flow by the controller (3) according to the measurement data of the second sensor (9), and judging whether the accumulated water drop number exceeds a set threshold value or whether the accumulated water flow time exceeds the set threshold value;

whether the overturning times of the rainwater tipping bucket (10) are '0' is accumulated by the controller (3);

if the judgment results are yes, the fault of the rainwater tipping bucket (10) is determined, and a rainwater tipping bucket fault report is sent to the data center by the controller (3).

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