CN115856083A - Method, device, equipment and medium for testing performance of skin of automobile collision dummy - Google Patents
Method, device, equipment and medium for testing performance of skin of automobile collision dummy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of dummy performance detection, and discloses a method, a device, equipment and a medium for testing the performance of an automobile colliding with the skin of a dummy. The method comprises the following steps: sending out ultrasonic waves to a sample to be detected by using an ultrasonic probe; receiving a first ultrasonic echo signal of the ultrasonic wave; analyzing the first ultrasonic echo signal and extracting shear wave information of the sample to be detected; processing the shear wave information to obtain the elastic modulus of the sample to be detected; and obtaining relaxation time by using a Kelvin model and a Laplace transform algorithm for analysis, and further obtaining viscosity information. The method has the advantages that mode conversion and other calculations of a plurality of pairs of wave signals can be reduced, the measuring method is simplified, the manufactured skin of the dummy can be measured, the skin of the dummy does not need to be stretched after being cut, in-vivo measurement of the damage degree of the dummy after collision can be realized, and certain guiding significance is achieved for recycling of the dummy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dummy performance detection, in particular to a method, a device, equipment and a medium for testing the performance of an automobile colliding with the skin of a dummy.
Background
The dummy has wide application and important function in the fields of automobile industry and the like. In general, each size and each part property of the dummy are similar to those of a real person, so that the dummy can replace the real person to perform relevant experiments in the experiments such as automobile collision and the like and obtain reliable data, and further, the safety performance of the automobile and the like can be effectively evaluated.
The skin of the dummy is a key technical link in the process of manufacturing the dummy, the skin of the dummy has the same physicochemical property with the skin of a real person, and can reflect the dynamic mechanical response of the skin of the real person under the same tested condition. Similar to human skin, the dummy skin also presents certain viscoelastic characteristics, and the measurement of the viscoelasticity of the dummy skin plays an important role in performance evaluation of the dummy skin. At present, the test of the dummy skin is mainly carried out through a uniaxial compression test, a compression relaxation test and a compression creep test, but the test process is more complex and more variable factors need to be controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method, a device, equipment and a medium for testing the performance of the skin of an automobile crash dummy, so as to improve the problems. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for testing the performance of the skin of an automobile crash dummy, comprising: sending ultrasonic waves to a sample to be detected by using an ultrasonic probe, wherein the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the sample to be detected is the focusing distance of the ultrasonic probe; receiving a first ultrasonic echo signal of the ultrasonic wave, wherein the first ultrasonic echo signal comprises ultrasonic echoes of the sample to be detected at two moments received by the ultrasonic probe; analyzing the first ultrasonic echo signal and extracting shear wave information of the sample to be detected; processing the shear wave information to obtain vibration displacement information of the sample to be detected, and calculating the vibration displacement information to obtain the elastic modulus of the sample to be detected; and performing superposition calculation on the elastic modulus by using a Kelvin model and a Laplace transform algorithm to obtain relaxation time, and analyzing the relaxation time to further obtain viscosity information.
Preferably, after receiving the first ultrasonic echo signal of the ultrasonic wave, the method further includes: based on Fourier transform, performing data processing on the first ultrasonic echo signal to obtain a first processing result; filtering the first processing result, wherein the filtering comprises processing the first processing result by adopting low-pass filtering to obtain a second processing result; and eliminating high-frequency noise in the second processing result to obtain a new first ultrasonic echo signal.
Preferably, after analyzing the first ultrasonic echo signal and extracting the shear wave information of the sample to be detected, the method further includes: acquiring output waveform information of the sample to be detected; comparing the first ultrasonic echo signal with the output waveform information to determine the propagation state of the sample to be detected, wherein the propagation state is different waveform information of sound wave propagation under the condition of amplitude information of different media; and obtaining amplitude-phase information of the wave of the sample to be detected according to the propagation state of the sample to be detected, wherein the amplitude-phase information comprises amplitude, phase and time information of the wave.
Preferably, the calculating the elastic modulus by using a kelvin model and a laplace transform algorithm in a superposition manner to obtain a relaxation time, and analyzing the relaxation time to obtain the viscosity information includes: calculating the elastic modulus according to a Kelvin model to obtain stress information; calculating the elastic modulus based on a Laplace transform algorithm to obtain first displacement information; acquiring second displacement information according to the first displacement information, wherein the second displacement information is displacement information of the sample to be detected at three moments, and the displacement information is dynamic displacement information of the ultrasonic echo signal obtained by the ultrasonic probe at three moments after two times of loading and unloading; and calculating the stress information and the second displacement information according to a superposition principle to obtain relaxation time, and analyzing the relaxation time to obtain viscosity information.
In a second aspect, the present application further provides a device for testing the performance of a dummy in an automobile collision, comprising: the movable slide rail mechanism is movably arranged on the fixed rod and comprises an ultrasonic probe, a motor and a lead screw device, the motor is connected with the lead screw device, the lead screw device is connected with the ultrasonic probe, and the lead screw device is driven to rotate by the motor so as to adjust the position of the ultrasonic probe; the fixing device is arranged below the movable sliding rail mechanism and is used for fixing the skin of the dummy; the fine adjustment device is arranged below the fixing device and is connected with the fixing device through a connecting piece, and a bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the fine adjustment device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: elastography is the main imaging technique at present, in which the ultrasound elastography technique can extract and image the elasticity information inside the tissue, and usually can qualitatively judge the elasticity difference around the tissue or further quantitatively obtain the related parameters of the tissue hardness such as the elastic modulus. The shear wave elastography is a novel imaging technology in the development of ultrasonic elastography, and according to the fact that shear waves have unique physical properties, the propagation speed of the shear waves is directly related to the elasticity of a medium, so that the elastic modulus is skillfully obtained, and then viscosity characterization is carried out on a sample.
The invention can adjust and fix the chest skins with different sizes and finely adjust the height, and designs the holding device of the ultrasonic probe, thereby realizing the movement of the x-y-z plane and adjusting the distance between the two probes; in addition, by adopting the ultrasonic elastography technology, the wave propagating in the sample tissue is measured and analyzed, so that the elasticity and the viscoelasticity of the skin of the dummy can be nondestructively measured, the method for measuring the viscoelasticity can reduce mode conversion and other calculations of a plurality of pairs of wave signals, and the measuring method is simplified; in addition, the skin of the manufactured dummy can be measured without stretching the skin after cutting, the damage degree of the dummy after collision can be measured in vivo, and the method has certain guiding significance for recycling the dummy.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the embodiments of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for testing the performance of the skin of an automobile crash dummy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for testing the performance of the skin of a dummy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a portion of a device for testing the performance of a dummy skin according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor, a screw rod and a clamping device in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the movable slide rail mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a timing diagram illustrating signal loading according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 100, a fixing piece; 200. fixing the rod; 201. a movable slide rail mechanism; 202. a first moving plate; 203. a second moving plate; 204. a third moving plate; 205. an ultrasonic probe; 206. a fixing device; 207. a connecting member; 208. a connecting device; 210. a base plate; 211. a telescopic rod; 212. a fine adjustment device; 251. a first ultrasonic probe; 252. a second ultrasonic probe; 2001. a trapezoidal structure; 2002. a third knob; 2003. a first knob; 2004. a second knob; 2006. a clamping device; 2061. a first clamping member; 2062. a second clamping member; 2041. a first motor; 2042. a second motor; 2051. a first lead screw; 2052. and a second lead screw.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Example 1: the embodiment provides a method for testing the performance of the skin of an automobile crash dummy. Referring to fig. 1, it is shown that the method includes step S100, step S200, step S300, step S400 and step S500.
S100, sending ultrasonic waves to a sample to be detected by using an ultrasonic probe, wherein the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the sample to be detected is the focusing distance of the ultrasonic probe.
It can be understood that, in this step, first, shear waves need to be generated in the region of interest of the dummy skin, and contact loading and non-contact loading can be selected according to different loading modes, generally, contact loading needs to artificially contact the excitation probe with a sample to be tested, and the contact depth and the contact position have greater subjectivity, so that certain influence can be exerted on experimental data; the non-contact loading can not damage the surface of a sample to be measured, and meanwhile, only the distance between the excitation probe and the sample to be measured needs to be controlled, the distance is the focusing distance of the probe under the common condition, so that the sound wave can be focused on the surface of the sample to generate shear wave in sample tissues, and the elastic modulus of the sample is measured by tracking the propagation of the shear wave.
The propagation condition of the shear wave in the sample tissue is related to the loading waveform output by the excitation device, and the ultrasonic wave is transmitted to the interested area of the sample to be detected through the ultrasonic probe to generate the shear wave in the sample to be detected.
S200, receiving a first ultrasonic echo signal of the ultrasonic wave, wherein the first ultrasonic echo signal comprises ultrasonic echoes of the sample to be detected at two moments received by the ultrasonic probe.
It can be understood that the present step includes S201, S202, and S203, where S201, based on fourier transform, performs data processing on the first ultrasonic echo signal to obtain a first processing result; s202, filtering the first processing result, wherein the filtering comprises processing the first processing result by adopting low-pass filtering to obtain a second processing result; s203, eliminating the high-frequency noise in the second processing result to obtain a new first ultrasonic echo signal.
Specifically, the ultrasonic probe receives the echo, analyzes the echo signal at the same position, and can obtain the propagation information of the shear wave, and the propagation information can reflect the vibration state of the sample when the shear wave propagates in the sample. This is because when the shear wave passes a location in the sample, the location will vibrate with the vibration of the shear wave, and when the shear wave leaves the location, the location will return to its original shape without vibration information.
By performing a series of data processing and conversion on the echo signals, for example: fourier transform, filtering, etc. By fourier transform, information in the time domain can be obtained. Because experiment instruments, experiment environments and the like generate certain noises in the whole experiment process, the obtained signals need to be filtered in order to be more ideal. Because the invention adopts the low-frequency sinusoidal signal, the signal can be processed by adopting simple low-pass filtering to remove high-frequency noise contained in the signal. Before processing the data, the most suitable filtering frequency can be found through a plurality of filtering attempts, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal is maximum.
S300, analyzing the first ultrasonic echo signal, and extracting shear wave information of the sample to be detected.
It is understood that step S300 is followed by steps including: s301, acquiring output waveform information of the sample to be detected; s302, comparing the first ultrasonic echo signal with the output waveform information, and determining the propagation state of the sample to be detected, wherein the propagation state is different waveform information of sound wave propagation under the condition of amplitude information of different media; s303, obtaining amplitude and phase information of the wave of the sample to be detected according to the propagation state of the sample to be detected, wherein the amplitude and phase information comprises amplitude, phase and time information of the wave.
It should be noted that, the ultrasonic echo of the region of interest is received by another ultrasonic probe, the tissue vibration displacement information of the sample can be extracted by tracking the generated shear wave signal, the echo signal collected by the sample is analyzed and compared with the output waveform, the propagation state of the shear wave in the sample can be dynamically measured, and here, that is, the propagation waveform of the wave is determined, and the amplitude, phase and time information of the wave can be obtained through the waveform.
S400, processing the shear wave information to obtain vibration displacement information of the sample to be detected, and calculating the vibration displacement information to obtain the elastic modulus of the sample to be detected.
Wherein, when the elastic modulus of the sample is calculated by the shear wave, the relation between the wave speed of the shear wave and the elastic modulus is adopted, and the calculation formula is as follows:
. Here, a combination of>
Is the modulus of elasticity of the sample, is->
Is the density of the sample and is,
is the shear wave velocity. As can be seen from the formula, the modulus of elasticity->
And shear wave velocity->
The square of (a) is linear.
For the measurement of the density of the sample, it can be determined by the formula
The calculation is carried out, because the dummy skin is a foaming material, the measurement directly by adopting a drainage method in the measurement process can generate larger errors due to factors such as deformation and the like, so that the calculation can be carried out in a known modeVolume->
In a mould of (1) shaping the skin material and then determining the quality of the shaped model>
The measurement is carried out such that the density of the sample can be determined more accurately>
。
In addition, for the measurement of the elastic modulus, two ultrasonic probes are used in the present invention, one for transmitting ultrasonic waves and the other for receiving ultrasonic waves. In step S100, the waveform emitted by the ultrasonic probe is a low-frequency sine wave which is continuously excited, and the focusing manner of the ultrasonic probe is point focusing, so that the distance from the ultrasonic probe to the surface of the sample is the focusing focal length of the ultrasonic probe, which enables more energy to be focused on one point, thereby causing the propagation of the shear wave in the sample and enabling the region of interest of the sample to generate stronger vibration amplitude.
It is understood that in this step, it is assumed in this application that
The ultrasonic wave is emitted from a certain point O at a moment, the waveform of the ultrasonic wave is set to be a periodic sine wave form through a function generator, detection is firstly carried out at the point A, the ultrasonic wave emitted from the point O and the echo detection of the ultrasonic wave carried out at the point A are synchronous, namely, the ultrasonic wave is emitted at a moment, the echo detection is started at the point A by another transducer, the detection time is set to be 2ms, the wave speed is high, the propagation is also accompanied by attenuation in tissues, therefore, the distance between the points A, B and O is not easy to be too far, and the time of 2ms is enough to detect the propagation information of the wave in a short distance.
After the point A is detected, the same operation is carried out on the point B, then the echo signals of the point AB and the point B are analyzed, the fact that the sine wave of one period is displayed on the point A and the point B can be found, and the vibration states of the point A and the point B are selected to be the sameThe peak-to-peak value of the two time points is taken as a reference point, because the time corresponding to the peak-to-peak value at the point A is more obvious
The time corresponding to the peak-to-peak value at point B is ^ 4>
By means of the formula>
Thereby obtaining the propagation speed of the shear wave, wherein>
Is the wave speed of the shear wave>
Is the distance between points A, B>
Is the time the wave travels from point a to point B. Replacement formula->
The elastic modulus of the sample can be obtained; wherein it is present>
Is the elastic modulus->
Is the sample density, < >>
Is the shear wave velocity. From this formula, it can be derived that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the elastic modulus and the shear wave velocity. For the breast skin of a dummy, the thickness of the breast skin is generally thicker than that of the skin of a real person and can be assumed to be a homogeneous isotropic material, so that the elastic modulus of the breast skin of the dummy is measured by using a shear wave theory.
S500, performing superposition calculation on the elastic modulus by using a Kelvin model and a Laplace transform algorithm to obtain relaxation time, and analyzing the relaxation time to further obtain viscosity information.
It is understood that in this step, it includes: for the skin of a dummy, the skin is similar to the skin of a human body and has certain viscosity. For viscous materials, both creep and stress relaxation properties are exhibited. Stress relaxation is a phenomenon specific to a material having viscosity, and refers to a phenomenon in which stress decreases with time when a constant strain occurs in the material, wherein the stress reaches a stable value after a certain period of time, and the period of time is a relaxation time, and is used for measuring the stress
It is shown that the relaxation time is determined by the properties of the material: viscosity of the oil
The smaller the relaxation time, the shorter the relaxation time. Here, we use the Kelvin model to calculate the viscoelasticity of the sample, and the relationship between relaxation time, viscosity and elastic modulus is given below: />
Wherein->
Is the relaxation time, is greater than or equal to>
Is viscosity,. Sup.>
Is the elastic modulus, therefore, the measurement of the relaxation time and the elastic modulus allows the viscosity of the sample to be characterized.
Calculating the elastic modulus according to a Kelvin model to obtain stress information; wherein the formula of the Kelvin model is as follows:
in which>
Is stress, is>
Represents strain,. Or>
Represents a strain rate, <' > or>
Is viscosity,. Sup.>
Is the modulus of elasticity.
Calculating the elastic modulus based on a Laplace transform algorithm to obtain first displacement information; wherein the Laplace transform is
The following can be obtained: />
In which>
Is a natural constant, <' > based on>
Is time, is>
Is the relaxation time, is greater than or equal to>
To exert an external force, is>
For relaxing the modulus of elasticity>
Is a displacement.
Acquiring second displacement information according to the first displacement information, wherein the second displacement information is the displacement information of the sample to be detected at three moments, and the displacement information is the dynamic displacement information of the ultrasonic echo signal obtained by the ultrasonic probe at three moments after two times of loading and unloading. If at
The sample is unloaded, the deformation law of the sample can be superposed with forces with equal magnitude and opposite directions on the sample>
And is based on->
Instead of t, one may:
，/>
to exert an external force, is>
For relaxing the modulus of elasticity, <' >>
Is shifted and is taken out>
Is a certain unloading moment, is greater than or equal to>
Is the relaxation time.
And calculating the stress information and the second displacement information according to a superposition principle to obtain relaxation time, and analyzing the relaxation time to obtain viscosity information.
According to the principle of superposition:
，/>
to exert an external force, is>
For relaxing the modulus of elasticity>
Is shifted and is taken out>
Is a certain unloading moment, is greater than or equal to>
Is the relaxation time.
If at
And (3) unloading, and stacking and sorting according to the above principle to obtain:
，/>
is a certain unloading moment, is greater than or equal to>
Is the relaxation time, is greater than or equal to>
Is->
The shift in the moment of unloading, is taken into consideration>
Is->
The shift in the moment of unloading, is taken into consideration>
Is->
Displacement at the moment of loading.
According to the formula, the relaxation time can be obtained by obtaining displacement information of three time points, and then the viscosity information of the sample can be calculated.
In that
At the moment, ultrasonic waves are transmitted to a point O of the interesting area of the skin of the breast of the dummy through an ultrasonic probe and are on->
Unloading at a moment, and carrying out secondary loading within 1-2 ms of a similar moment, wherein the moment is recorded as->
Unloading is again carried out after the same time as the above-mentioned time interval, which time is recorded as->
When the ultrasonic probe transmits ultrasonic waves to the sample to be detected, the other ultrasonic probe starts to receive echo signals at a point A at a certain position at the same time. Therefore, the dynamic displacement information after two times of loading and unloading can be obtained through the ultrasonic echo signals. The viscosity of the sample can be obtained according to the formula.
In addition, the application also provides a method for measuring displacement information of three time points, which comprises the following steps: s1, transmitting ultrasonic waves to a sample to be detected by using an ultrasonic probe so as to generate shear waves in an interested area of the sample; s2, in
At the moment, ultrasonic waves are emitted, and>
unloading at any moment, and receiving an ultrasonic echo by using another ultrasonic probe; s3. In->
Constantly emitting ultrasonic waves at
Unloading is carried out at any moment; s4, continuously receiving an ultrasonic echo by using another ultrasonic probe in the period; s5, analyzing dynamic displacement information after the loading and unloading of the ultrasonic echo signals; and S6, analyzing the displacement information of the three time points to obtain relaxation time, so as to obtain viscosity information.
In steps S2-S4In the middle, at
After the ultrasonic wave is emitted at any moment, another ultrasonic probe starts to receive the ultrasonic echo till
Some time after the unloading, as shown in fig. 7, is a timing chart of the signal loading. Since the propagation of the shear wave requires a certain time, it is necessary to continue to receive the echo signal for a certain period of time after the unloading in order to capture the vibration information at a certain point after the unloading.
It should be noted that, unlike the measurement of the elastic modulus, the same point C is measured at different times at the same position when the viscosity information is measured
，/>
，/>
Is analyzed.
The time interval between loading and unloading is not easy to be too large, and should be controlled to be 1-2 ms, because the propagation speed of the shear wave in the sample is usually large, if the time interval is too large, the point C may have undergone two cycles of sinusoidal vibration and return to the original state, and in order to ensure that the point C still receives the next vibration signal in the vibration state after unloading, the time interval between loading and unloading needs to be controlled.
The displacement of the C point at three different time points is analyzed and is substituted into a formula:
，/>
is a certain unloading moment, is greater than or equal to>
Is the relaxation time, is greater than or equal to>
Is->
Displacement of the moment of unloading, <' >>
Is->
The shift in the moment of unloading, is taken into consideration>
Is->
Displacement at the moment of loading.
The relaxation time can be obtained; since the elastic modulus of the sample has been calculated
Thus, by the formula:
the viscosity can be obtained>
In which>
For the relaxation time, is->
Is the modulus of elasticity.
In addition, the viscosity distribution diagram of the whole region of interest can be obtained by carrying out different data processing on the ultrasonic echo information, such as different positions, and multiple groups of data can be obtained through multiple experiments, so that the average equal calculation is carried out, and the measurement precision is improved.
Example 2: the embodiment provides a performance testing device for an automobile collision dummy skin, and referring to fig. 3-6, the device includes a movable slide rail mechanism 201, the movable slide rail mechanism 201 is movably disposed on a fixed rod 200, the whole device further includes a first moving plate 202 moving in a z-axis direction, a second moving plate 203 moving in an x-axis direction, and a third moving plate 204 moving in a y-axis direction, the movable slide rail mechanism 201 includes an ultrasonic probe 205, a motor and a screw device, the motor is connected with the screw device, the screw device is connected with the ultrasonic probe 205, and the motor drives the screw device to rotate, so as to adjust the position of the ultrasonic probe 205; the fixing device 206 is arranged below the moving slide rail mechanism 201, and is used for fixing the skin of the dummy; the fine adjustment device 212 is arranged below the fixing device 206 and connected with the fixing device 206 through a connecting piece 207, and a bottom plate 210 is arranged at the bottom of the fine adjustment device 212.
It should be noted that, the bottom plate 210 is used for placing the whole apparatus, the z-axis fixing rod 200 is provided with a sliding slot, and is matched with the z-axis first moving plate 202 to provide displacement on the z-axis, meanwhile, the z-axis first moving plate 202 is connected with the x-axis second moving plate 203 through a trapezoid structure 2001, the second moving plate 203 can move in the x-direction relative to the first moving plate 202 through the trapezoid structure 2001, and in addition, the y-axis third moving plate 204 is also connected with the second moving plate 203 through a trapezoid structure to provide movement in the y-direction relative to the second moving plate 203, and the schematic diagram after movement is shown in fig. 3-5.
Specifically, the motors include a first motor 2041 and a second motor 2042, the first motor 2041 and the second motor 2042 are arranged on the same plane and parallel to each other, the screw device includes a first screw 2051 and a second screw 2052, and the first screw 2051 and the second screw 2052 are arranged on the same plane and parallel to each other; one end of the first motor 2041 is connected to one end of the first screw 2051, and one end of the second motor 2042 is connected to one end of the second screw 2052.
It should be noted that the moving rail mechanism 201 is a moving rail mechanism, and can perform fine adjustment on the positions of two ultrasonic probes, as shown in fig. 3-5, the moving rail mechanism includes two small motors, which are respectively a first motor 2041 and a second motor 2042, and further includes a first lead screw 2051, a second lead screw 2052, and a clamping device 2006, the first motor 2041 and the second motor 2042 are respectively connected to the left and right sides of the first lead screw 2051 and the second lead screw 2052, the clamping device 2006, the lead screw, and the ultrasonic probes are connected, the lead screw is driven by the motors to rotate, so that the distance between the two ultrasonic probes is fine-adjusted, and the two small motors are fixed to the y-axis third moving plate through the fixing member 100.
Specifically, the moving slide rail mechanism 201 further comprises a clamping device 2006 and an ultrasonic probe 205, the clamping device 2006 comprises a first clamping member 2061 and a second clamping member 2062, the ultrasonic probe 205 comprises a first ultrasonic probe 251 and a second ultrasonic probe 252, the first clamping member 2061 and the second clamping member 2062 are arranged on the same plane and parallel to each other, and the first clamping member 2061 and the second clamping member 2062 are vertically arranged on the first lead screw 2051 and the second lead screw 2052; the first clamping member 2061 is connected with the first lead screw 2051 through a thread, the first clamping member 2061 is connected with the first ultrasonic probe 251, and when the testing device works, the first motor 2041 is driven to adjust the first ultrasonic probe 251; the second clamping member 2062 is connected to the second lead screw 2052 through a thread, the second clamping member 2062 is connected to the second ultrasonic probe 252, and when the testing apparatus works, the second motor 2042 is driven to adjust the second ultrasonic probe 252.
In particular, two clamping devices are respectively associated with the two ultrasound probes, one of the first clamping members 2061 being threaded on the side associated with the first threaded spindle 2051 and being unthreaded on the side associated with the second threaded spindle 2052; conversely, the other second clamp member 2062 is not threaded on the side connected to the first lead screw 2051 and is threaded on the side connected to the second lead screw 2052; therefore, the first ultrasonic probe 251 can be moved by driving the first motor 2041 alone, while the other second ultrasonic probe 252 is not moved. Similarly, when the second motor 2042 is driven alone, the second ultrasonic probe 252 can be moved. Therefore, the invention can respectively control the two ultrasonic probes to carry out distance micro-adjustment by respectively controlling the two small motors. The other two ultrasound probes are also secured by the connection means 208.
Specifically, the fixing device 206 is made of an elastic material, an expansion link 211 is disposed in the fixing device 206, and the expansion link 211 is used for adjusting the size of the fixing device 206.
It should be noted that the material used for the dummy chest skin fixation device 206 is elastic material, and is connected with two telescopic rods 211, and the radian of the fixation device 206 can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the telescopic rods, so as to be suitable for fixing dummy chest skins of different sizes, as shown in fig. 6. In addition, the fixture 206 is connected to the fine adjustment device 212 through a connection 207, wherein the fine adjustment device 212 has three knobs, a first knob 2003 for fine adjustment of the position in the x-direction, a second knob 2004 for fine adjustment of the position in the y-direction, and a third knob 2002 for fine adjustment of the position in the z-direction.
In addition, specifically, the present invention further provides a loading device including: function generator, signal amplifier and ultrasonic probe. Wherein ultrasonic probe both can launch the ultrasonic wave and can also receive the ultrasonic wave, but because can produce certain interference between launch ripples and the received wave, influence the degree of accuracy of experiment, consequently in order to improve the precision, launch and receive can not go on simultaneously, this application need use two ultrasonic probe, one is used for launching ultrasonic wave and one is used for receiving the ultrasonic wave.
Wherein, the ultrasonic probe: on the one hand, the ultrasonic wave is transmitted to a region of interest of a sample, so that a shear wave generated in the sample causes the vibration displacement of tissues; and on the other hand, the ultrasonic probe is used for receiving ultrasonic echo signals to obtain vibration displacement information of the tissues. And characterizing the elastic and viscous information of the sample from the dynamic changes of the shear wave propagating within the sample.
A function generator: the ultrasonic wave generator is used for generating the waveform of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic probe, can generate sine waves, square waves, sawtooth waves, pulse waves and the like, can adjust the frequency, the amplitude and the like of the wave, and can also modulate the waveform.
A signal amplifier: the device is used for amplifying the signals of the generated waves and meets the requirements of experiments on the signal intensity.
Since the wave propagates in the sample with a certain attenuation, the distance between the two ultrasound probes, which cannot be too far apart, needs to be limited here in order to be able to detect a stronger signal. Before the experiment is carried out, the strength of the received signal and the distance between the two ultrasonic probes can be analyzed in a correlation way through a pre-experiment, so that the optimal signal receiving distance is obtained. And the distance between the two ultrasonic probes and the skin of the chest of the dummy is controlled. Firstly, fixing the chest skin of a dummy on a dummy chest fixing device, adjusting two telescopic rods to achieve the optimal fixing state, then moving a first moving plate of a z axis to adjust the height of the z axis, respectively adjusting moving plates of x and y axes to move the positions of two ultrasonic probes to proper measuring positions, and controlling a motor to move the distance between the two ultrasonic probes. Finally, the relative displacement of x, y and z can be further adjusted slightly through a fine adjustment device, so that the distance between the probes and the chest skin of the dummy can reach the ideal distance. It is worth noting that: the following experiments all presuppose that the distance is adjusted first. The function generator can control the excitation waveform of the ultrasonic probe and amplify the output signal through the amplifier so as to achieve the output power matched with the ultrasonic probe. The ultrasonic probe can be provided with signals such as sine waves, square waves, triangular waves, sawtooth waves, pulse waves and the like through a function generator, and the frequency range can also be from a few micro hertz to dozens of megahertz. But lower frequencies were used in the experiments due to the faster attenuation of high frequency signals as they propagate in the sample. On the other hand, because the frequency of the pulse wave is dispersed, the sine wave keeps a certain frequency, and the energy is concentrated, in order to detect a stronger signal in the experimental process, the invention adopts the low-frequency sine wave to carry out the loading of the wave, and the frequency is about hundreds of hertz.
It should be noted that, regarding the apparatus in the above embodiment, the specific manner in which each module performs the operation has been described in detail in the embodiment related to the method, and will not be elaborated herein.
Example 3: corresponding to the above method embodiment, the present embodiment also provides a device for testing the performance of a dummy skin, and a device for testing the performance of a dummy skin described below and a method for testing the performance of an automobile collision dummy skin described above can be referred to correspondingly.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a device 800 for performance testing of a dummy skin according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in fig. 2, the performance testing apparatus 800 for a dummy skin may include: a processor 801, a memory 802. The dummy skin performance testing apparatus 800 may further comprise one or more of a multimedia component 803, an i/O interface 804, and a communication component 805.
The processor 801 is used to control the overall operation of the device 800 for testing the performance of the dummy skin, so as to complete all or part of the steps in the method for testing the performance of the automobile colliding with the dummy skin. The memory 802 is used to store various types of data to support the operation of the device 800 for performance testing of the skin of the prosthesis, which data may include, for example, instructions for any application or method operating on the device 800 for performance testing of the skin of the prosthesis, as well as application-related data, such as contact data, messages sent or received, pictures, audio, video, and the like. The Memory 802 may be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile Memory device or combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), electrically erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), read-Only Memory, magnetic Memory, flash Memory, magnetic disk or optical disk. The multimedia components 803 may include screen and audio components. Wherein the screen may be, for example, a touch screen and the audio component is used for outputting and/or inputting audio signals. For example, the audio component may include a microphone for receiving external audio signals. The received audio signal may further be stored in the memory 802 or transmitted through the communication component 805. The audio assembly also includes at least one speaker for outputting audio signals. The I/O interface 804 provides an interface between the processor 801 and other interface modules, such as a keyboard, mouse, buttons, and the like. These buttons may be virtual buttons or physical buttons. The communication component 805 is used for wired or wireless communication between the performance testing device 800 of the dummy's skin and other devices. Wireless Communication, such as Wi-Fi, bluetooth, near Field Communication (NFC), 2G, 3G, or 4G, or a combination of one or more of them, so that the corresponding Communication component 805 may include: wi-Fi module, bluetooth module, NFC module.
In an exemplary embodiment, the Device 800 for testing the performance of the dummy skin may be implemented by one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), digital Signal Processors (DSPs), digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors or other electronic components, for performing the above method for testing the performance of the skin of the car crash dummy.
In another exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, which comprises program instructions, which when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above-described method for testing the performance of the skin of an automobile crash dummy. For example, the computer readable storage medium may be the above-described memory 802 comprising program instructions executable by the processor 801 of the dummy skin performance testing apparatus 800 to perform the above-described method of performance testing of a car crash dummy skin.
Example 4: corresponding to the above method embodiment, a readable storage medium is also provided in this embodiment, and a readable storage medium described below and a method for testing the performance of the skin of the automobile crash dummy described above can be correspondingly referred to.
A readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method for testing the performance of the skin of an automobile crash dummy of the above-mentioned method embodiment.
The readable storage medium may be a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various readable storage media capable of storing program codes.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for testing the performance of the skin of an automobile crash dummy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sending ultrasonic waves to a sample to be detected by using an ultrasonic probe, wherein the distance between the ultrasonic probe and the sample to be detected is the focusing distance of the ultrasonic probe;
receiving a first ultrasonic echo signal of the ultrasonic wave, wherein the first ultrasonic echo signal comprises ultrasonic echoes of the sample to be detected at two moments received by the ultrasonic probe;
analyzing the first ultrasonic echo signal and extracting shear wave information of the sample to be detected;
processing the shear wave information to obtain vibration displacement information of the sample to be detected, and calculating the vibration displacement information to obtain the elastic modulus of the sample to be detected;
and performing superposition calculation on the elastic modulus by using a Kelvin model and a Laplace transform algorithm to obtain relaxation time, and analyzing the relaxation time to further obtain viscosity information.
2. The method for testing the performance of the skin of the automobile crash dummy according to claim 1, wherein after receiving the first ultrasonic echo signal of the ultrasonic wave, the method further comprises:
based on Fourier transform, performing data processing on the first ultrasonic echo signal to obtain a first processing result;
performing filtering processing on the first processing result, wherein the filtering processing comprises processing the first processing result by adopting low-pass filtering to obtain a second processing result;
and eliminating the high-frequency noise in the second processing result to obtain a new first ultrasonic echo signal.
3. The method for testing the performance of the skin of the automobile crash dummy according to claim 1, wherein after analyzing the first ultrasonic echo signal and extracting the shear wave information of the sample to be tested, the method further comprises:
acquiring output waveform information of the sample to be detected;
comparing the first ultrasonic echo signal with the output waveform information to determine the propagation state of the sample to be detected, wherein the propagation state is different waveform information of sound wave propagation under the condition of amplitude information of different media;
and obtaining amplitude and phase information of the wave of the sample to be detected according to the propagation state of the sample to be detected, wherein the amplitude and phase information comprises amplitude, phase and time information of the wave.
4. The method for testing the performance of the skin of the automobile collision dummy according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the elastic modulus by superposition by using a Kelvin model and a Laplace transform algorithm to obtain a relaxation time, and the step of analyzing the relaxation time to obtain the viscosity information comprises the steps of:
calculating the elastic modulus according to a Kelvin model to obtain stress information;
calculating the elastic modulus based on a Laplace transform algorithm to obtain first displacement information;
acquiring second displacement information according to the first displacement information, wherein the second displacement information is displacement information of the sample to be detected at three moments, and the displacement information is dynamic displacement information of the ultrasonic echo signal obtained by the ultrasonic probe at three moments after two times of loading and unloading;
and calculating the stress information and the second displacement information according to a superposition principle to obtain relaxation time, and analyzing the relaxation time to obtain viscosity information.
5. A performance testing apparatus for a skin of an automobile crash dummy, which is applied to the performance testing method for the skin of the automobile crash dummy according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
the movable sliding rail mechanism (201) is movably arranged on the fixed rod (200), the movable sliding rail mechanism (201) comprises an ultrasonic probe (205), a motor and a screw rod device, the motor is connected with the screw rod device, the screw rod device is connected with the ultrasonic probe (205), and the motor drives the screw rod device to rotate so as to adjust the position of the ultrasonic probe (205);
the fixing device (206) is arranged below the movable slide rail mechanism (201) and is used for fixing the skin of the dummy;
the fine adjustment device (212) is arranged below the fixing device (206) and connected with the fixing device (206) through a connecting piece (207), and a bottom plate (210) is arranged at the bottom of the fine adjustment device (212).
6. The device for testing the skin performance of the automobile crash dummy according to claim 5, wherein the motor comprises a first motor (2041) and a second motor (2042), the first motor (2041) and the second motor (2042) are arranged on the same plane and are parallel to each other, the screw device comprises a first screw (2051) and a second screw (2052), and the first screw (2051) and the second screw (2052) are arranged on the same plane and are parallel to each other; one end of the first motor (2041) is connected with one end of the first lead screw (2051), and one end of the second motor (2042) is connected with one end of the second lead screw (2052).
7. The device for testing the skin performance of the automobile crash dummy according to claim 6, wherein the movable slide rail mechanism (201) further comprises a clamping device (2006) and an ultrasonic probe (205), the clamping device (2006) comprises a first clamping member (2061) and a second clamping member (2062), the ultrasonic probe (205) comprises a first ultrasonic probe (251) and a second ultrasonic probe (252), the first clamping member (2061) and the second clamping member (2062) are arranged on the same plane and are parallel to each other, and the first clamping member (2061) and the second clamping member (2062) are vertically arranged on the first lead screw (2051) and the second lead screw (2052);
the first clamping piece (2061) is connected with the first lead screw (2051) through threads, the first clamping piece (2061) is connected with the first ultrasonic probe (251), and when the testing device works, the first motor (2041) is driven to adjust the first ultrasonic probe (251); the second clamping piece (2062) is connected with the second lead screw (2052) through threads, the second clamping piece (2062) is connected with the second ultrasonic probe (252), and when the testing device works, the second motor (2042) is driven to adjust the second ultrasonic probe (252).
8. The device for testing the skin performance of the automobile crash dummy according to claim 5, wherein the fixing device (206) is made of an elastic material, a telescopic rod (211) is arranged in the fixing device (206), and the telescopic rod (211) is used for adjusting the size of the fixing device (206).
9. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises:
a processor and a memory;
the processor is used for executing the steps of the performance testing method of the skin of the automobile crash dummy according to any one of claims 1 to 4 by calling the program or the instructions stored in the memory.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that it stores a program or instructions for causing a computer to execute the steps of the method for testing the performance of the skin of an automobile crash dummy according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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