CN115855435A - Body-lung double-circulation simulation system for testing hemodynamics performance of artificial heart - Google Patents
Body-lung double-circulation simulation system for testing hemodynamics performance of artificial heart Download PDFInfo
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- CN115855435A CN115855435A CN202211474507.1A CN202211474507A CN115855435A CN 115855435 A CN115855435 A CN 115855435A CN 202211474507 A CN202211474507 A CN 202211474507A CN 115855435 A CN115855435 A CN 115855435A
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Abstract
The invention provides a body-lung double-circulation simulation system for testing the hemodynamic performance of an artificial heart, which comprises a cardiovascular silica gel model, a ventricular pulsation device, a controller, a data acquisition device, a liquid storage tank and the artificial heart. The cardiovascular silica gel model, the ventricular pulsation device and the reservoir are connected in series to form a blood circulation loop. The cardiovascular silica gel model comprises a systemic circulation loop and a pulmonary circulation loop; an electric cylinder is arranged in the ventricular pulsation device and drives a piston to reciprocate through a push rod, so that liquid in a blood circulation loop flows; the controller controls the ventricular pulsation device to move and simulates the blood flow state with the characteristics of physiological pulsating flow; the data acquisition device acquires pressure and flow at different positions of the cardiovascular silica gel model. The invention not only can completely simulate the blood flow rule of the human cardiovascular system, but also can be used for testing the influence of the artificial heart implanted under different physiological conditions on the hemodynamic performance of the human cardiovascular system, and is beneficial to the development and research of the artificial heart.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a body-lung double-circulation simulation system, in particular to a body-lung double-circulation model system for testing the hemodynamic performance of an artificial heart. The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instrument testing.
Background
The artificial heart is used as three types of active medical instruments, and the hemodynamics is a key characterization for judging whether the performance of the artificial heart meets clinical requirements, particularly the influence of the artificial heart implanted into a patient body on the original cardiovascular system is mainly reflected in the influence on blood flow pressure and flow change. In order to test and observe the coupling rule between the hemodynamic performance of the artificial heart and the cardiovascular system of the human body, a cardiovascular circulation simulation system for testing the hemodynamic performance of the artificial heart needs to be built.
At present, most of the existing cardiovascular circulation simulation systems for testing adopt cylindrical or square containers with regular shapes to simulate human ventricles or atria, and the method can only simulate the volume of the heart structure, but neglects the actual internal structural characteristics of each part of the heart; on the other hand, most of the existing test systems only simulate a left atrium-left ventricle-aorta circuit (namely a systemic circulation system), and lack of simulation of a right atrium-pulmonary artery circuit (namely a pulmonary circulation system), so that a cardiovascular circulation model system formed by the circulation system is incomplete, the artificial heart hemodynamic performance test has limitation and sidedness, and the test result is unscientific.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a body-lung dual-cycle simulation system for testing the hemodynamic performance of an artificial heart. The body and lung double-circulation simulation system can not only completely simulate the body and lung double-circulation loop of the human cardiovascular system, but also provide a pulsating blood flow environment which accords with the physiological characteristics of the human body, is beneficial to testing and observing the hemodynamics of the artificial heart coupled with the cardiovascular system, and provides a comprehensive experimental basis for the research and development of the artificial heart.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a body and lung double-circulation simulation system for testing the hemodynamic performance of an artificial heart comprises a cardiovascular silica gel model, a ventricular pulsation device, a controller, a data acquisition device, a liquid storage tank and the artificial heart;
the cardiovascular silica gel model, the ventricular pulsation device and the liquid storage tank are connected in series to form a blood circulation loop of the adult-pulmonary dual-circulation simulation system, and liquid for simulating blood flows in a single direction along a liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank, the first pipeline, the ventricular pulsation device, the second pipeline, the cardiovascular silica gel model, the third pipeline and a liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank in sequence;
the cardiovascular silica gel model comprises a systemic circulation loop and a pulmonary circulation loop;
the inlet and the outlet of the artificial heart are respectively connected to the apex of the left ventricle and the ascending aorta of the cardiovascular silica gel model;
the controller is electrically connected with the ventricular pulsation device, drives the ventricular pulsation device to work, pumps out the liquid in the liquid storage tank and enables the liquid to flow in the blood circulation loop;
the data acquisition device comprises a pressure sensor and a flowmeter which are arranged in the cardiovascular silica gel model, and the data acquisition device acquires the liquid flow and pressure in the cardiovascular silica gel model in the test process; the data acquisition device transmits acquired data to the controller in a wired or wireless mode.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cardiovascular silica gel model is a three-dimensional complete human heart blood vessel model reconstructed and generated by 3D printing software based on human heart image data scanned by CT or MRI, and is made by 3D printing transparent flexible materials; it comprises a left ventricle, a left atrium, a right ventricle, a right atrium, an aorta, a pulmonary artery and each arteriovenous vessel branch; the left atrium, the left ventricle and the aorta form a systemic circulation loop, and the right ventricle, the right atrium and the pulmonary artery form a pulmonary circulation loop.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the ventricular beating device is composed of a pump head, a pump cylinder and an electric cylinder which are connected in sequence; the pump head is externally provided with an outlet joint and an inlet joint; one-way silica gel valves are arranged in the outlet joint and the inlet joint; the outlet joint and the inlet joint are fixed on the pump head through a compression ring and are communicated with the pump cylinder;
the pump cylinder is composed of a transparent cavity, a piston and a push rod, the front end of the transparent cavity is connected with the pump head, and the rear end of the transparent cavity is connected with the electric cylinder; the piston is arranged in the transparent cavity and forms a closed liquid space with the pump head at the front end; the push rod and the piston are integrally formed, and the piston reciprocates in the transparent cavity under the pushing of the push rod; the surface of the piston is provided with a guide ring groove and a sealing ring groove, and a sealing ring is arranged in the sealing ring groove;
and a driving motor is arranged in the electric cylinder, and an output shaft of the driving motor is connected with the push rod through a coupler to drive the piston to do linear reciprocating motion.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the controller is electrically connected to the ventricular pulsating device, and controls the ventricular pulsating device to simulate a blood flow condition characterized by physiological pulsating flow;
the controller controls the maximum displacement value of the electric cylinder of the ventricular pulsating device according to the output quantity of each pulse of the heart, controls the movement period of the electric cylinder of the ventricular pulsating device according to the heart rate, and controls the advancing and retreating time of the electric cylinder of the ventricular pulsating device according to the contraction-relaxation ratio.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition device comprises a pressure sensor and a flow sensor;
data acquisition interfaces are respectively arranged at the lower limb vein, the lower limb artery, the left ventricle and the right ventricle of the cardiovascular silica gel model; the pressure sensor and the flow sensor are embedded at each data acquisition interface;
the pressure sensor and the flow sensor transmit detected data to the controller in a wireless mode; and the controller controls the electric cylinder to move according to the data acquired by the data acquisition device.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reservoir is mounted at a height greater than a height at which the ventricular beat device is mounted; the design capacity of the liquid storage tank is 4L-5L.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electric cylinder is a direct-coupled electric cylinder, and a ball screw is disposed inside the electric cylinder, and the ball screw is connected to a push rod of the pump cylinder through a gear set to push the piston to reciprocate.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pump head is provided with an air vent at the top, and the air vent 213 is connected to the outside through a valve to vent the excess air in the blood circulation loop before the start-up of the body-lung dual-circulation simulation system.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a metal protection cover is further fixed outside the transparent cavity.
Compared with the traditional cardiovascular circulation simulation system for testing the hemodynamic performance of the artificial heart, the system has the following advantages:
1. completely simulates the cardiovascular circulation system of the human body.
According to the invention, image data of internal structures of hearts of people of different ages and different sexes are obtained through CT or MRI scanning, a complete human heart blood vessel model is generated through three-dimensional software reconstruction, and then a cardiovascular silica gel model is manufactured through 3D printing by adopting a transparent flexible material, wherein the model comprises a left ventricle, a left atrium, a right ventricle, a right atrium, an aorta, a pulmonary artery and each arteriovenous blood vessel branch, and a complete body circulation and pulmonary circulation double loop is formed. The defect that the traditional cardiovascular circulation simulation system only simulates a systemic circulation loop consisting of the left atrium, the left ventricle and the aorta is overcome.
2. The ventricular pulsation device can simulate pulsating blood flow with physiological characteristics, and can adjust stroke volume, heart rate and contraction-relaxation ratio, thereby simulating blood flow rules under different physiological conditions, facilitating the development of coupling analysis of the artificial heart and the cardiovascular system, and promoting further optimization of hemodynamics of the artificial heart.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a body-lung dual-cycle simulation system for testing the hemodynamic performance of an artificial heart according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a model of cardiovascular silica gel according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a ventricular beat device in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an exploded configuration of the ventricular pulsating device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a pump head and a pump cylinder assembly of the ventricular pulsating apparatus in accordance with the present invention;
wherein: 1. a cardiovascular silica gel model 11, a left ventricle 12 and a data acquisition interface; 2. the ventricular beating device comprises a ventricular beating device 21, a pump head 211, an outlet joint 212, an inlet joint 213, an exhaust hole 214, a compression ring 215, a one-way silica gel valve 22, a pump cylinder 221, a transparent cavity 222, a piston 2221, a guide ring groove 2222, a sealing ring groove 223, a push rod 224 and a guide wire groove; 225. a metal protective cover; 23. an electric cylinder 231, a power terminal and a control terminal; 3. a controller; 4. a data acquisition device; 5. a reservoir 51, a first pipeline 52, a second pipeline 53, a third pipeline; 6. an artificial heart.
Detailed Description
The structure and features of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be noted that various modifications can be made to the embodiments disclosed herein, and therefore, the embodiments disclosed in the specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention, but merely as exemplifications of embodiments thereof, which are intended to make the features of the present invention obvious.
As shown in figure 1, the body-lung double-circulation simulation system for testing the hemodynamic performance of the artificial heart disclosed by the invention comprises a cardiovascular silica gel model 1, a ventricular pulsation device 2, a controller 3, a data acquisition device 4, a liquid storage tank 5 and the artificial heart 6. The cardiovascular silica gel model 1, the ventricular pulsation device 2 and the liquid storage tank 5 are connected in series to form a blood circulation loop of the pulmonary dual-circulation simulation system, liquid for simulating blood flows in a single direction along a liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank 5, the first pipeline 51, the ventricular pulsation device 2, the second pipeline 52, the cardiovascular silica gel model 1, the third pipeline 53 and a liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank 5 in sequence, wherein the left ventricle 11 serves as a liquid inlet of the cardiovascular silica gel model, and the right ventricle serves as a liquid outlet of the cardiovascular silica gel model. To improve the effectiveness of the test, the reservoir 5 is mounted at a height greater than the height of the ventricular beat device 2.
The inlet and outlet of the artificial heart 6 are respectively connected with the apex of the left ventricle and the ascending aorta of the cardiovascular silica gel model 1.
The controller 3 is electrically connected to the ventricular pulsation device 2, and drives the ventricular pulsation device 2 to operate, thereby pumping out the liquid in the liquid reservoir 5 and causing the liquid to flow through the blood circulation circuit.
The data acquisition device 4 comprises a pressure sensor and a flowmeter which are arranged in the cardiovascular silica gel model 1, and the liquid flow and the pressure in the cardiovascular silica gel model 1 are acquired during the test process.
In order to completely simulate the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation loop of the cardiovascular system of the human body, as shown in fig. 2, the cardiovascular silica gel model 1 of the invention comprises a left ventricle, a left atrium, a right ventricle, a right atrium, an aorta, pulmonary arteries, each arteriovenous vascular branch, a systemic circulation loop formed by the left atrium, the left ventricle and the aorta, and a pulmonary circulation loop formed by the right ventricle, the right atrium and the pulmonary arteries. The three-dimensional human heart blood vessel model is generated by reconstructing through 3D printing software based on CT or MRI scanning image data of people of different ages and different sexes, and then is manufactured by adopting transparent flexible materials through 3D printing. The cardiovascular silica gel model not only can completely simulate the body and lung dual circulation of the cardiovascular system of a human body, but also can provide a pulsating blood flow environment which accords with the physiological characteristics of the human body.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the ventricular beating device 2 of the present invention is composed of a pump head 21, a pump cylinder 22 and an electric cylinder 23 which are connected in sequence, and both ends of the pump cylinder 22 are connected to the pump head 21 and the electric cylinder 23 by flanges or screws, respectively.
The pump head 21 is externally provided with a pagoda-shaped outlet joint 211 and a pagoda-shaped inlet joint 212; one-way silica gel valves 215 are arranged in the outlet joint 211 and the inlet joint 212 to prevent the liquid from flowing back; the outlet fitting 211 and the inlet fitting 212 are fixed to the pump head 21 by a clamp ring 214 and communicate with the pump cylinder 22. The top of the pump head 21 is provided with an exhaust hole 213, the exhaust hole 213 is connected with a three-way valve or a two-way valve, and redundant air in a blood circulation loop of the test system is exhausted before the body-lung dual-circulation simulation system is started, so that errors generated by pressure measurement are reduced.
The pump cylinder 22 is composed of a transparent chamber 221, a piston 222 and a push rod 223, the front end of the transparent chamber 221 is connected to the pump head 21, and the rear end thereof is connected to the electric cylinder 23. The piston 222 is disposed in the transparent chamber 221 to form a closed liquid space with the front pump head 21, the push rod 223 and the piston 222 are integrally formed, and the piston 222 reciprocates in the transparent chamber 221 under the push of the push rod 223. The surface of the piston 222 is provided with a guide ring groove 2221 and a sealing ring groove 2222, and a sealing ring is arranged in the sealing ring groove to prevent liquid from seeping out of the electric cylinder 23 in the movement process of the piston.
A driving motor is arranged in the electric cylinder 23, an output shaft of the driving motor is connected with a push rod 223 of the pump cylinder 22 through a coupler, and the driving piston 222 makes linear reciprocating motion. The outer wall of the electric cylinder 23 is provided with a power supply terminal and a control terminal 231, and is electrically connected to the controller 3 through a wire. The controller 3 controls the movement of the electric cylinder 23 according to the three parameters of the stroke volume, the heart rate and the contraction-relaxation ratio of the hearts of people with different ages and sexes, and functionally realizes the stroke volume, the heart rate and the contraction-relaxation ratio of the ventricular pulsating device, namely the controller 3 controls the maximum displacement value of the electric cylinder 23 according to the stroke volume of the hearts, controls the movement period of the electric cylinder 23 according to the heart rate, and controls the advancing and retreating time of the electric cylinder 23 according to the contraction-relaxation ratio. In general, the heart rate of the ventricular pacing device 2 can be set in the range of 4-200bpm, with a stroke volume of 0-200 mL/stroke, and a diastolic compression ratio in the range of 30-60%. The electric cylinder 23 moves forwards and backwards to respectively simulate the contraction and relaxation processes of the ventricles, and the controller 3 adopts a pulse signal to adjust the displacement of the electric cylinder 23 in each movement process, so that the high precision of movement displacement is ensured.
The controller 3 may be a microprocessor and its peripheral circuits, or may be a PLC controller. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the controller 3 is a PLC controller, and its control signal output end is connected to the control end 231 of the electric cylinder 23 of the ventricular pulsating apparatus 2 through a wire, so as to control the action of the motor in the electric cylinder 23, and further drive the piston 222 to reciprocate through the push rod 223, so as to make the liquid in the blood circulation loop of the testing system flow.
In the testing process, parameters such as stroke volume, heart rate, contraction-relaxation ratio and the like can be directly set through a human-computer interface touch screen of the PLC, and the motion rule of the electric cylinder 23 is changed.
The data acquisition device 4 is mainly used for acquiring the pressure and the flow of the cardiovascular silica gel model 1, the acquired data is transmitted to the controller 3 in a wired or wireless transmission mode, and the controller 3 further controls the movement of the electric cylinder 23 according to the data acquired by the data acquisition device 4. The data acquisition device 4 includes a pressure sensor and a flow sensor. As shown in fig. 2, the blood pressure sensor and the flow sensor are respectively arranged at the lower limb vein, the lower limb artery, the left ventricle and the right ventricle of the cardiovascular silica gel model 1, and the pressure sensor and the flow sensor are embedded at each data acquisition interface 12, so that multi-channel simultaneous-base measurement is realized, and the blood flow condition and the pressure condition of each ventricle, each atrium, a systemic circulation loop and a pulmonary circulation loop are comprehensively mastered. The pressure sensor and the flow sensor transmit detected data to the controller 3 and a remote control terminal in a wireless mode.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the pressure sensor and the flow meter are both disposable medical invasive sensors.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electric cylinder 23 is a direct-coupled electric cylinder, and a ball screw is disposed in the direct-coupled electric cylinder, and the ball screw is connected to the push rod 223 of the pump cylinder 22 through a gear set, so as to convert the rotational motion into the linear motion of the push rod 223 and push the piston 222 to perform the linear reciprocating motion. In order to ensure that the piston 222 and the push rod 223 do linear reciprocating motion along the axis of the transparent cavity 221 and improve the stability of the operation of the ventricular pulsating device, as shown in fig. 5, the invention is provided with a wire groove 224 on the end of the pump cylinder 22 connected with the electric cylinder 23 and on the inner wall of the hole through which the push rod 223 passes, so that the push rod 223 reciprocates back and forth along the wire groove.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transparent cavity 221 is made of transparent material such as acrylic or glass, and a metal protective cover 225 is fixed outside the transparent cavity 221 to prevent the transparent cavity 221 from being damaged during the testing process.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the volume of the reservoir 5 is designed to satisfy the requirement of the total blood volume of people of different ages and sexes, and the volume is 4L-5L.
Compared with the traditional cardiovascular circulation simulation system for testing, the cardiovascular circulation simulation system for testing completely simulates a human cardiovascular circulation system, namely the cardiovascular circulation simulation system comprises body circulation and lung circulation, can completely simulate the human cardiovascular system, and truly reflects the hemodynamic influence of the implanted artificial heart on the cardiovascular system; meanwhile, the invention has the functions of regulating different physiological states and testing flow pressure, and can evaluate the working state of the artificial heart more comprehensively and scientifically.
The invention is not only suitable for the hemodynamic performance test of the magnetic suspension artificial heart, but also can be used for the hemodynamic performance test of the percutaneous interventional artificial heart, and has wide application range.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A body-lung dual-cycle simulation system for testing the hemodynamic performance of an artificial heart, comprising: the heart-blood pressure measuring device comprises a cardiovascular silica gel model, a ventricular pulsation device, a controller, a data acquisition device, a liquid storage tank and an artificial heart;
the cardiovascular silica gel model, the ventricular pulsation device and the liquid storage tank are connected in series to form a blood circulation loop of the adult-pulmonary dual-circulation simulation system, and liquid for simulating blood flows in a single direction along a liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank, the first pipeline, the ventricular pulsation device, the second pipeline, the cardiovascular silica gel model, the third pipeline and a liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank in sequence;
the cardiovascular silica gel model comprises a systemic circulation loop and a pulmonary circulation loop;
the inlet and the outlet of the artificial heart are respectively connected to the apex of the left ventricle and the ascending aorta of the cardiovascular silica gel model;
the controller is electrically connected with the ventricular pulsating device, drives the ventricular pulsating device to work, pumps the liquid in the liquid storage tank and enables the liquid to flow in the blood circulation loop;
the data acquisition device comprises a pressure sensor and a flowmeter which are arranged in the cardiovascular silica gel model, and the data acquisition device acquires the liquid flow and pressure in the cardiovascular silica gel model in the test process; the data acquisition device transmits acquired data to the controller in a wired or wireless mode.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system comprises: the cardiovascular silica gel model is reconstructed by 3D printing software to generate a three-dimensional complete human heart blood vessel model based on human heart image data scanned by CT or MRI, and is made of transparent flexible materials through 3D printing; it comprises a left ventricle, a left atrium, a right ventricle, a right atrium, an aorta, a pulmonary artery and each arteriovenous vessel branch; the left atrium, the left ventricle and the aorta form a systemic circulation loop, and the right ventricle, the right atrium and the pulmonary artery form a pulmonary circulation loop.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the system comprises: the ventricular pulsation device consists of a pump head, a pump cylinder and an electric cylinder which are connected in sequence;
the pump head is externally provided with an outlet joint and an inlet joint; one-way silica gel valves are arranged in the outlet joint and the inlet joint; the outlet joint and the inlet joint are fixed on the pump head through a compression ring and are communicated with the pump cylinder;
the pump cylinder is composed of a transparent cavity, a piston and a push rod, the front end of the transparent cavity is connected with the pump head, and the rear end of the transparent cavity is connected with the electric cylinder; the piston is arranged in the transparent cavity and forms a closed liquid space with the pump head at the front end; the push rod and the piston are integrally formed, and the piston reciprocates in the transparent cavity under the pushing of the push rod; the surface of the piston is provided with a guide ring groove and a sealing ring groove, and a sealing ring is arranged in the sealing ring groove;
and a driving motor is arranged in the electric cylinder, and an output shaft of the driving motor is connected with the push rod through a coupler to drive the piston to do linear reciprocating motion.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the system comprises: the controller is electrically connected with the ventricular pulsating device and is used for controlling the action of the ventricular pulsating device to simulate the blood flowing state with the characteristics of physiological pulsating flow;
the controller controls the maximum displacement value of the electric cylinder of the ventricular pulsating device according to the output quantity of each pulse of the heart, controls the movement period of the electric cylinder of the ventricular pulsating device according to the heart rate, and controls the advancing and retreating time of the electric cylinder of the ventricular pulsating device according to the contraction-relaxation ratio.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the system comprises: the data acquisition device comprises a pressure sensor and a flow sensor;
data acquisition interfaces are respectively arranged at the lower limb vein, the lower limb artery, the left ventricle and the right ventricle of the cardiovascular silica gel model; the pressure sensor and the flow sensor are embedded at each data acquisition interface;
the pressure sensor and the flow sensor transmit detected data to the controller in a wireless mode; and the controller controls the electric cylinder to move according to the data acquired by the data acquisition device.
6. The system for simulating the circulation of the body lung for testing the hemodynamic performance of an artificial heart according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the installation height of the liquid storage tank is higher than that of the ventricular beating device;
the design capacity of the liquid storage tank is 4L-5L.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the system comprises: the electric cylinder adopts a direct-connected electric cylinder, a ball screw is arranged in the electric cylinder, and the ball screw is connected with a push rod of the pump cylinder through a gear set to push the piston to reciprocate.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the system comprises: and the top of the pump head is provided with an exhaust hole, the exhaust hole 213 is connected with the outside through a valve, and redundant air in the blood circulation loop is exhausted before the body-lung double-circulation simulation system is started.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the system is configured to perform the dynamic performance test of the artificial heart by: and a metal protective cover is fixed outside the transparent cavity.
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| CN202211474507.1A CN115855435A (en) | 2022-11-23 | 2022-11-23 | Body-lung double-circulation simulation system for testing hemodynamics performance of artificial heart |
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| CN202211474507.1A CN115855435A (en) | 2022-11-23 | 2022-11-23 | Body-lung double-circulation simulation system for testing hemodynamics performance of artificial heart |
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