CN115854854A - Multi-physical-field permafrost region landslide monitoring system and monitoring method - Google Patents
Multi-physical-field permafrost region landslide monitoring system and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-physical-field permafrost region landslide monitoring system which comprises a GNSS reference point arranged on a stable ground away from a landslide body, a GNSS displacement monitor, a soil moisture content monitor, a plurality of temperature sensors and a human-computer interaction platform end which are connected together through a remote signal transmission system. Respectively arranging the GNSS displacement monitors along the rear edge, the middle part, the front edge and the GNSS reference point of the landslide body; probes of the soil moisture content monitor are arranged at different depths in the range of the rear edge movable layer of the landslide body; the temperature sensors are arranged along the middle depth of the sliding mass; close to every GNSS displacement monitor department, soil moisture content monitor and temperature sensor be equipped with solar panel external member and the battery for its power supply. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a monitoring method of the system. The invention can realize all-weather real-time dynamic monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of landslide monitoring of permafrost regions, in particular to a multi-physical-field landslide monitoring system and method for the permafrost regions.
Background
In recent years, the trend of warming and humidifying in Qinghai-Tibet plateau is enhanced, the disturbance of linear engineering construction such as Qinghai-Tibet railway, highway, oil pipeline and the like and human activities to frozen soil is obvious, the landslide of the permafrost region in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is gradually increased, great threat is caused to the safety of the existing engineering structure and the safe operation of railway, and meanwhile, the ecological environment is damaged. The field investigation finds that the hot-melt landslide along the Qinghai-Tibet railway and highway engineering leads to the inclination and even collapse of a plurality of power transmission line poles, and the landslide damages the roadbed, blocks bridges and culverts and threatens the railway operation safety.
The landslide in permafrost regions is mainly caused by the melting of thick-layer underground ice or high-ice-content frozen soil, so that low-angle shallow landslide is caused, creep deformation of the landslide is generated from the ground surface to the surface of the thick-layer underground ice, namely, the deformed soil body is an active layer, and the creep displacement is reduced along with the increase of the depth. The thickness of the movable layer of the permafrost region in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is 2.39 m (Xuxiaming, 2017) on average, the generation and development of landslide in the permafrost region are different from those of one-time instantaneous landslide in the ordinary region, the range of the movable layer is expanded, the movable layer periodically changes along with the positive and negative of the air temperature, and the movable layer has a clear sliding interface (thick underground ice), and is different from the landslide in the ordinary region in the aspects of induction factors, gradient, development law, sliding surface and landslide depth. Therefore, the landslide monitoring method and system (patent CN 113625636A) in the common area are not suitable for landslides in permafrost areas.
Patent CN104596459A discloses a landslide monitoring system and a monitoring method thereof, wherein the landslide monitoring system monitors landslide displacement by adopting a displacement monitoring method; patent CN110782628A discloses mountain landslide monitoring system and monitoring method based on beidou system, obtains mountain displacement dynamic data in real time based on beidou system. Although the patent literature provides reference for researching the deformation and failure mechanism of the landslide of the permafrost region based on single displacement field monitoring, it is not sufficient to judge the landslide start-up of the permafrost region and analyze the deformation and failure mechanism of the landslide of the permafrost region only from the displacement deformation of the landslide.
For landslide in permafrost regions, the particularity of frozen soil is the root cause of landslide, creep deformation of a landslide body is greatly influenced by the temperature and moisture of the frozen soil, and deformation signs are not completely reflected on displacement deformation but occur inside the landslide, so that a temperature field and a moisture field inside the landslide in the permafrost regions can reflect the deformation and damage process of the landslide to a certain extent.
At present, research work on landslides in permafrost regions of plateaus mainly focuses on field investigation, landslide monitoring in the permafrost regions usually adopts manual displacement monitoring, displacement field real-time monitoring is lacked, monitoring of temperature fields and moisture fields inside landslides is not considered, a complete monitoring scheme is not adopted, the landslide damage mechanism of the permafrost regions is not known enough, and landslide starting and creeping processes and rules are not clearly known. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a multi-physical-field monitoring system and a monitoring method for landslide in permafrost regions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an all-weather real-time dynamic multi-physical-field permafrost region landslide monitoring system.
The invention also aims to provide a monitoring method of the system.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a permafrost region landslide monitoring system for multiple physical fields, which is characterized in that: the monitoring system comprises a GNSS reference point arranged on a stable ground away from a landslide body, a GNSS displacement monitor, a soil moisture content monitor, a plurality of temperature sensors and a human-computer interaction platform end which are connected together through a remote signal transmission system; respectively arranging the GNSS displacement monitors along the rear edge, the middle part, the front edge and the GNSS reference point of the landslide body; probes of the soil moisture content monitor are arranged at different depths in the range of the rear edge movable layer of the landslide body; the temperature sensors are arranged along the middle depth of the sliding mass; close to every GNSS displacement monitor department, soil moisture content monitor and temperature sensor be equipped with solar panel external member and the battery for its power supply.
The GNSS displacement monitor is arranged at the position where the deformation of the disaster body is large and the stability state is poor along the point position of the section of the landslide body, and monitors different deformation sections of the section passing through the landslide.
Probes of the soil moisture content monitor are correspondingly arranged near the superficial layer, the middle part and the sliding surface of the landslide body.
Probes of the soil moisture content monitor are correspondingly arranged at the shallow layer 0.20-0.30m, the middle part 1.0-2.0 m and the sliding surface of the landslide body.
The temperature sensors are arranged along the sliding mass from the ground surface to the sliding surface downwards 1-2m, and the interval between two longitudinally adjacent temperature sensors is not more than 0.2m.
The monitoring method of the system comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that a GNSS displacement monitor is correspondingly arranged on a GNSS datum point on a stable ground along the rear edge, the middle part and the front edge of a landslide body in a permafrost region, and the GNSS displacement monitor penetrates through different deformation sections of the landslide along a monitoring section of the landslide body;
arranging probes of the soil water content monitor at the rear edge of the landslide body, and correspondingly arranging the probes at the superficial layer of the earth surface of the landslide body, the middle part of the landslide body and the sliding surface, wherein the superficial layer of the earth surface is 0.20-0.30m, and the middle part of the landslide body is 1.0-2.0 m;
thirdly, temperature sensors are arranged along the middle of the sliding mass in the longitudinal depth range, the arrangement range is from the ground surface to the position 1-2m below the sliding surface, and the interval between two longitudinally adjacent temperature sensors is not more than 0.2m;
a solar panel external member and a storage battery which supply power to the GNSS displacement monitor, the soil moisture content monitor and the temperature sensor are installed at positions close to the GNSS displacement monitor, the soil moisture content monitor and the temperature sensor; the GNSS displacement monitor, the soil moisture content monitor and the plurality of temperature sensors are respectively connected with the human-computer interaction platform end through a remote signal transmission system and then start to monitor in real time; wherein:
the GNSS displacement monitor acquires data at intervals of 1 hour;
the soil moisture content monitor acquires data every 10 minutes;
the temperature sensor collects data every 4 hours;
and fifthly, transmitting the data acquired by the GNSS displacement monitor, the soil moisture content monitor and the plurality of temperature sensors to the man-machine interaction platform end for visual monitoring.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention integrates a GNSS displacement monitor, a soil moisture content monitor and ground temperature monitoring equipment, constructs a multi-physical field frozen soil landslide monitoring system which integrates a three-dimensional deformation field, a moisture field and a temperature field into a whole and can acquire real-time data, has the characteristics of low cost, accuracy and more complete monitoring parameters compared with the prior art, and provides a more complete monitoring technical system.
2. According to the method, the monitoring results of the GNSS displacement monitor, the soil moisture content monitor and the temperature sensor are comprehensively considered, so that the real-time monitoring of the landslide of the permafrost region is realized, and the basis of the landslide start and the damage threshold of the permafrost region is accurately established, so that the accuracy of judging the landslide start of the permafrost region is improved, the research on the creeping process, rule and mechanism of a landslide body of the permafrost region is deepened, and the early warning and prevention of landslide disasters of the permafrost region are realized.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a permafrost region landslide monitoring system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the layout of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the arrangement of a soil moisture content monitor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of aerial photography of a left landslide of a Tibet railway K1153+730 bridge in an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein: g01 represents GNSS of the trailing edge of the landslide; g02 represents GNSS in the middle of the landslide; g03 represents GNSS of the leading edge of the landslide.
FIG. 5 is a field layout diagram of landslide water content, ground temperature and displacement monitoring in the embodiment of the invention. Wherein: the left graph is soil moisture and GNSS displacement monitoring; the right graph is the earth temperature monitoring.
FIG. 6 is a graph of isotherm distribution in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the change in water content of 0.2m in the example of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the change in water content of 1.0m in the example of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the change in water content of 1.8m in example of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the comparison of the displacement components in the X direction at different points according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a comparison of displacement components in the Y direction at different points in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a comparison of displacement components in the H direction at different points in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a comparison of three-dimensional resultant displacements of different points in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-GNSS displacement monitor; 2-a solar panel kit; 3, a storage battery; 4-soil moisture content monitor; 5-temperature sensor; 6-GNSS reference point; 7, a human-computer interaction platform end; 8-permafrost region slope; 9-a sliding surface; 10-landslide mass.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the multi-physical-field permafrost region landslide monitoring system comprises a GNSS reference point 6 arranged on a stable ground away from a landslide body 10, and a GNSS displacement monitor 1, a soil water content monitor 4, a plurality of temperature sensors 5 and a human-computer interaction platform end 7 which are connected together through a remote signal transmission system.
Respectively arranging the GNSS displacement monitor 1 along the rear edge, the middle part and the front edge of the landslide body 10 and the GNSS reference point 6; probes of the soil moisture content monitor 4 are arranged at different depths within the range of the rear edge active layer of the landslide body 10; the temperature sensor 5 is arranged along the middle depth of the sliding mass 10; near every GNSS displacement monitor 1 department, soil moisture content monitor 4 and temperature sensor 5 be equipped with for its solar panel external member 2 and the battery 3 of power supply.
Wherein: the GNSS displacement monitor 1 is arranged along the section of the landslide body 10 and combines the characteristics and the range of landslide in permafrost regions, the GNSS displacement monitor 1 is arranged at the position where the deformation amount of a disaster body is large and the stability state is poor, the monitoring section passes through different deformation sections of the landslide, and the section arrangement preferably takes a 'straight' shape, namely a longitudinal section into consideration. On the basis, the monitoring requirements can be expanded into a ' ten ' font, ' 21316font, ' thirty ' font, ' Chinese ' font, or ' Feng ' font and the like according to the monitoring requirements.
Probes of the soil moisture content monitor 4 are correspondingly arranged on the shallow layer, the middle part and the vicinity of the sliding surface 9 of the surface of the landslide body 10. The sliding surface 9 is the upper limit of the frozen soil of the bottom plate of the movable layer. Specifically, the material is arranged at the position of 0.20 to 0.30m of the shallow layer of the earth surface, 1.0 to 2.0m of the middle part and the sliding surface 9 of the landslide body 10. The soil moisture content monitor 4 is a contact pin type soil moisture content sensor. The contact pin type soil moisture content sensor adopts the Frequency Domain Reflection (FDR) principle to measure the volume moisture content of soil, and the measurement accuracy is high.
The temperature sensors 5 are arranged along the sliding mass 10 from the ground surface to the sliding surface 9 downwards 1-2m, and the interval between two longitudinally adjacent temperature sensors 5 is not more than 0.2m.
The human-computer interaction platform end 7 is a visual interface, and a real-time monitoring result of the target area is displayed on the visual interface.
The GNSS reference points 6 are arranged at the stable positions at the periphery of the monitoring field.
The arrangement of all monitoring point positions should ensure that the satellite searching condition is good, and the monitoring point positions are open so as to receive satellite signals.
The selection of the installation point positions of the monitoring instruments and equipment is in accordance with the principles of monitoring effectiveness, environment suitability, construction feasibility, maintenance safety, convenience and the like, and the monitoring point positions are in good accessibility to a human machine and certain basic construction conditions.
The device is principally powered by a built-in high performance battery. The solar energy power supply instrument and equipment are adopted, and the capacity of the matched storage battery 3 must ensure that the monitoring equipment continuously works for at least 30 days under the no-sunlight condition.
Remote signals of the remote signal transmission system are based on the internet of things 4G technology and the cloud service technology. The cloud service has the functional characteristics that: the receiver has a self-checking function and can periodically report information such as equipment position, network state, signal intensity, operators, satellite quantity, power supply system voltage, current and the like; the cloud service platform can remotely restart, set, upgrade and other operations on the equipment
For the landslide in permafrost regions, the particularity of frozen soil is the root cause of landslide, the creep deformation of a landslide body is greatly influenced by the temperature and the moisture of the frozen soil, deformation signs are not completely reflected on displacement deformation, and the signs are changed by the temperature and the moisture in the landslide. The temperature field and the water field inside the landslide in the permafrost region can reflect the deformation and damage process of the landslide to a certain extent. Therefore, a plurality of physical fields are constructed to comprehensively monitor the landslide, and the monitoring indexes are determined to be displacement deformation, soil moisture and frozen soil temperature respectively.
The monitoring method of the system comprises the following steps:
correspondingly arranging a GNSS displacement monitor 1 on a GNSS reference point 6 on the stable ground along the rear edge, the middle part and the front edge of a landslide body 10 in a permafrost region, and enabling the GNSS displacement monitor 1 to penetrate through different deformation sections of the landslide along a monitoring section of the landslide body 10; the profile arrangement preferably takes into account a "straight" profile, i.e. a longitudinal profile. On the basis, the monitoring requirements can be expanded into a 'ten' font, '21316font,' thirty 'font,' Chinese 'font, well' font or 'Feng' font and the like.
And arranging the probe of the soil water content monitor 4 at the rear edge of the landslide body 10, and correspondingly arranging the probe at a shallow ground layer of 0.20 to 0.30m, a middle part of 1.0 to 2.0m and a sliding surface 9 of the landslide body 10.
The temperature sensors 5 are arranged along the middle of the sliding mass 10 in the longitudinal depth range, the arrangement range is from the ground surface to the position 1-2m below the sliding surface 9, and the interval between every two adjacent temperature sensors 5 in the longitudinal direction is not more than 0.2m.
A solar panel sleeve 2 and a storage battery 3 for supplying power to the adjacent GNSS displacement monitor 1, soil moisture content monitor 4 and temperature sensor 5 are installed; the GNSS displacement monitor 1, the soil moisture content monitor 4 and the plurality of temperature sensors 5 are respectively connected with the human-computer interaction platform end 7 through a remote signal transmission system and then start to monitor in real time. Wherein:
the GNSS displacement monitor 1 collects data every 1 hour, and monitors displacement components of landslide creep displacement in X, Y and H directions, wherein a positive value of X represents movement towards the north, and a negative value of X represents movement towards the south; positive Y values represent movement in the east direction and negative Y values represent movement in the west direction; h represents vertical movement, positive values of H represent downward movement, and negative values of H represent upward movement.
The soil moisture content monitor 4 collects data every 10 minutes.
The temperature sensor 5 collects data every 4 hours.
The data collected by the GNSS displacement monitor 1, the soil moisture content monitor 4 and the plurality of temperature sensors 5 are transmitted to the man-machine interaction platform end 7 for visual monitoring.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the monitoring system and the monitoring method, the invention utilizes the field monitoring data distributed according to the above and analyzes the actually measured ground temperature data, soil moisture content and three-dimensional displacement deformation data to show that the understanding of the landslide starting and creeping processes of the permafrost region can be deepened by using the invention.
The landslide site field monitoring position is located on the left slope of a K1153+730 bridge of the wind-fire mountain railway; 39 '39.86' with longitude of 34 degrees, 53 'with latitude of 92 degrees, 53.4' with altitude of 4817m, slope of 6 to 8 degrees, slope of 95 degrees, and vegetation type of alpine meadow with vegetation coverage of 50 to 80 percent; the catchment condition is good, a plurality of surface waters under the railway bridge are collected into the landslide body, and the water in the right side catchment ditch of the railway is directly discharged into the landslide range.
Selecting the reason for landslide: the exploration in the preliminary process of selecting the demonstration site finds that the potential landslide occurrence areas and a large number of ongoing landslides exist along the Qinghai-Tibet railway, and the landslides can also affect the safe operation of the railway. Therefore, a dangerous landslide area is selected, the landslide catchment condition is good, a plurality of surface waters under a railway bridge are collected into a landslide body, and water in a right intercepting ditch of a railway is directly discharged into the landslide range; a railway telegraph pole is arranged in the landslide body, further sliding can cause the telegraph pole to incline or even dump, and further occurred source-tracing landslide is close to a bridge foundation and can cause permafrost on the lower portion of a pile foundation to be disturbed, so that the bearing capacity is reduced.
The field aerial photography layout is shown in FIG. 4: the length of the sliding mass 10 is 260m; the distance between the GNSS displacement monitors 1 arranged on the rear edge and the middle part of the landslide body 10 is 90m, and the distance between the GNSS displacement monitors 1 arranged on the middle part and the front edge of the landslide body 5 is 150m. Data were collected at 1 hour intervals. The method comprises the steps of monitoring displacement components of landslide creep displacement in X, Y and H directions, wherein X positive values represent movement towards the north, and X negative values represent movement towards the south; positive Y values represent movement in the east direction and negative Y values represent movement in the west direction; h represents vertical movement, positive values of H represent downward movement, and negative values of H represent upward movement.
The 3 probes of the soil moisture content monitor 4 are correspondingly arranged at the rear edge depths of the landslide body 5 of 0.2m, 1.0m and 1.8m (upper limit of frozen soil), as shown in fig. 3. The underground water monitoring system is used for monitoring the change of water in an active layer of a landslide area in real time, and the soil water content monitor 4 acquires data every 10 minutes.
And regarding the selection of the site reference point, the drilling of a drilling machine is utilized to determine according to the soil property, and the reference point soil property is that a gravel layer does not contain ice, and the water permeability is good and stable.
After the arrangement is finished, as shown in fig. 5, all-weather, real-time and long-term three-dimensional displacement, water content and ground temperature monitoring is carried out, and monitoring results are shown in fig. 6 to 13.
From fig. 6, it can be known that the ground temperature of the active layer (0 to 1.5 m) is above 0 ℃ when the instrument is installed, and the temperature of the whole soil body is reduced to below 0 ℃ along with the reduction of the monitored temperature, and the soil body of the active layer is converted from a melting state to a freezing state. The micro process from the initial melting state to the final reinforced freezing of the landslide active layer soil body finally has direct influence on the surface macro displacement and the moisture content change.
As a little water is added for testing when the water probe is installed, the water content is higher at the beginning, and then the normal value is gradually recovered. With the temperature reduction in winter, the water content gradually becomes 0%. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the snow melt caused by solar radiation in winter contributes to the water content of the surface soil body to a certain extent, so that the water content of 0.2m is close to 0% rather than 0% for a long time; in the graph 8, the temperature of the soil body with the layer of 1.0m is greatly changed in a short time, and the depth water content is quickly reduced to 0 ℃; along with the increase of the monitoring depth, the influence of the air temperature on the soil body temperature of the active layer is reduced, and the water content at 1.8m in the position of figure 9 is between 0% and 1% in winter. Through the processing and analysis of the water content data at the positions of 0.2m, 1.0m and 1.8m, the water content values at three different depths are basically close to 0%, and the active layer at the front edge of the landslide body is basically frozen (needing to be known by combining a ground temperature data graph 7).
The displacement results in the X, Y and H directions are shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, and the displacement components of GO1 (the rear edge), G02 (the middle part) and G03 (the front edge) in the X direction are respectively 13.6mm, 3.4mm and 9.1mm in the landslide creep process; the displacement components in the Y direction are respectively 6.6mm, 13.9mm and 36.0mm; the displacement components in the H direction are respectively-26.7 mm, -28.6mm and-20.1 mm. The Y direction is the main direction of landslide and creep; the phenomenon of tracing exists in the hot melt slumping, namely the creeping displacement of the soil body in the front edge wrinkle area (G03) is larger than that of the middle part (G02) and the rear edge (G01), so that a new space is provided for the creeping of the subsequent soil body.
The three-dimensional resultant displacement creep results are shown in fig. 13. G01 resultant displacement is 30.8mm, G02 resultant displacement is 32.6mm, and G03 resultant displacement is 42.2mm.
The monitoring data shows that: in the cooling process of the landslide body, the change of the water content of the soil is small, the displacement rate of each monitoring point is accelerated, the creep speed is increased, and the displacement of the front edge of the landslide body is larger than that of the middle part and the rear edge; during the period from the beginning of the refreezing of the landslide body to the complete refreezing, the water content of the soil rapidly drops, the movement rate of each monitoring point is slowed down, and the landslide body tends to be stable. The monitoring results show that the displacement of the landslide body is closely related to the ground temperature and the soil moisture, the system can effectively make up for the defects of the traditional landslide monitoring means, and a set of more complete monitoring technology system can be provided for deepening the research on the starting and creeping processes, laws and mechanisms of the landslide body in the permafrost region and the early warning and prevention of landslide disasters in the permafrost region.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a many physics field's permafrost region landslide monitoring system which characterized in that: the monitoring system comprises a GNSS reference point (6) arranged on a stable ground away from a landslide body (10), a GNSS displacement monitor (1), a soil moisture content monitor (4), a plurality of temperature sensors (5) and a man-machine interaction platform end (7) which are connected together through a remote signal transmission system; the GNSS displacement monitor (1) is respectively arranged along the rear edge, the middle part and the front edge of the landslide body (10) and the GNSS reference point (6); probes of the soil moisture content monitor (4) are arranged at different depths in the range of the rear edge movable layer of the landslide body (10); the temperature sensors (5) are arranged along the middle depth of the sliding mass (10); close to GNSS displacement monitor (1), soil moisture content monitor (4) and temperature sensor (5) department be equipped with solar panel external member (2) and battery (3) for its power supply.
2. The multi-physics multi-permafrost region landslide monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the GNSS displacement monitor (1) is arranged at a position with large deformation and poor stability of a disaster body along the point position of the section of the landslide body (10), and monitors different deformation sections of the section passing through the landslide.
3. The multi-physics multi-permafrost region landslide monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: probes of the soil moisture content monitor (4) are correspondingly arranged near the superficial layer, the middle part and the sliding surface (9) of the earth surface of the landslide body (10).
4. The multi-physics multi-permafrost region landslide monitoring system of claim 3, wherein: probes of the soil moisture content monitor (4) are correspondingly arranged at the positions of 0.20-0.30m of the superficial layer, 1.0-2.0 m of the middle part and the sliding surface (9) of the landslide body (10).
5. The multi-physics multi-permafrost region landslide monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the temperature sensors (5) are arranged along the sliding mass (10) from the ground surface to the sliding surface (9) in a downward direction within 1-2m, and the interval between two longitudinally adjacent temperature sensors (5) is not more than 0.2m.
6. A method of monitoring a system according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
correspondingly arranging a GNSS displacement monitor (1) on a GNSS reference point (6) on the stable ground along the rear edge, the middle part and the front edge of a landslide body (10) in a permafrost region and away from the landslide body (10), and enabling the GNSS displacement monitor (1) to penetrate through different deformation sections of the landslide along the monitoring section of the landslide body (10);
arranging probes of the soil water content monitor (4) at the rear edge of the landslide body (10), and correspondingly arranging the probes at the positions of 0.20-0.30m of the superficial layer, 1.0-2.0 m of the middle part and the sliding surface (9) of the landslide body (10);
thirdly, temperature sensors (5) are arranged along the middle of the sliding mass (10) in a longitudinal depth range from the ground surface to the position 1-2m below the sliding surface (9), and the interval between two longitudinally adjacent temperature sensors (5) is not more than 0.2m;
a solar panel external member (2) and a storage battery (3) which supply power to the GNSS displacement monitor (1), the soil moisture content monitor (4) and the temperature sensor (5) are arranged at positions close to the GNSS displacement monitor; the GNSS displacement monitor (1), the soil moisture content monitor (4) and the plurality of temperature sensors (5) are respectively connected with the human-computer interaction platform end (7) through a remote signal transmission system and then start to monitor in real time; wherein:
the GNSS displacement monitor (1) collects data at intervals of 1 hour;
the soil moisture content monitor (4) collects data at intervals of 10 minutes;
the temperature sensor (5) collects data at intervals of 4 hours;
fifthly, carrying out visual monitoring after the GNSS displacement monitor (1), the soil moisture content monitor (4) and the plurality of data collected by the temperature sensors (5) are transmitted to the human-computer interaction platform end (7).
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