CN115854799A

CN115854799A - Magnus test device and method

Info

Publication number: CN115854799A
Application number: CN202310171271.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 潘金柱; 才义; 王峰; 徐�明
Original assignee: AVIC Shenyang Aerodynamics Research Institute
Current assignee: AVIC Shenyang Aerodynamics Research Institute
Priority date: 2023-02-28
Filing date: 2023-02-28
Publication date: 2023-03-28
Anticipated expiration: 2043-02-28
Also published as: CN115854799B

Abstract

A Magnus test device and a Magnus test method belong to the technical field of special test of an aerodynamic wind tunnel. The device comprises a supporting sleeve, a driving motor, a transmission shaft, a front bearing, a balance and a test model, wherein the driving motor is fixedly arranged in the supporting sleeve, the output end of the driving motor is fixedly connected with one end of the transmission shaft, the side wall of the transmission shaft is connected with the balance through the front bearing, the balance is connected with the end part of the supporting sleeve, and the other end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected with the test model. The purpose is in order to solve current test model and magnus effect test device and adopt the integrated design, and test device universality is poor and maintain, the dismouting is comparatively complicated, the drive moment is not enough can't reach high rotational speed, and the test cost is higher, is difficult to realize the high-speed and steady rotatory problem of model, can provide sufficient drive moment for the model, guarantees that the model still can be high-speed, steady rotation under the heavy load, is favorable to guaranteeing the high rotational speed of model and the rotational stability under the heavy load state.

Description

Magnus test device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a Magnus test device and a Magnus test method, and belongs to the technical field of special test of an aeropneumatic wind tunnel.

Background

In the process of high-speed flight of the rotating rocket, a lateral force perpendicular to the direction of a lift plane can be generated due to high-speed rotation of the rotating rocket, and the lateral force is called as Magnus force; when the lateral forces do not coincide with the center of gravity of the rotating projectile, lateral moments, referred to as magnus moments, are created. In order to control the flying attitude of a rotary rocket in flight, magnus force (moment) needs to be obtained, and the main means for obtaining the force (moment) is a wind tunnel test, which is called as a magnus test.

The magnus test realizes the high-speed rotary motion of the test model in the wind tunnel, and the balance is in a fixed state in the rotary process and is used for measuring the lateral force and the lateral moment of the test model. The Magnus test is divided into two types, one type is self-excitation free rotation of the test model, and the asymmetric pneumatic load generated by the test model drives the test model to rotate. The other is forced rotation of the test model, and the test model is driven by an external driving motor to rotate continuously. The forced rotation test has the function of adjusting the rotating speed of the test model, can better meet the similarity criterion of the wind tunnel test, and is a mainstream test means in the Magnus test. In addition, since the magnus forces (moments) are small relative to the test model lift, special forms of measuring balances need to be designed to improve the lateral force and lateral moment sensitivities.

At present, forced motion magnus tests mainly adopt two driving modes, wherein one driving mode is motor driving, and the other driving mode is turbine driving. The two magnus tests face different and problematic problems. The motor drive faces the problems that the motor is arranged in the test model, the size is limited, the driving torque is small, the rotating speed of the test model is low, and the motor drive is even difficult to drive under the loading condition; the turbine of the pneumatic motor has high driving speed, but the problems of complex structure, high maintenance cost, low speed stability and the like are faced. In addition, the test model and the Magnus effect test device are integrally designed, the test device is poor in universality, complex in maintenance and disassembly, and high in test cost. The common characteristic of the above two driving forms is that the driving source is placed in the test model body. Because the internal space of the test model is small, the size of the motor or the motor is strictly limited, and the existing industrial product can hardly completely meet the test requirements under the multiple constraints of high rotating speed, large load and small space. In order to solve the problem, a brand new structure form needs to be provided, the available space of the motor or the motor is released, and the test requirement can be completely met under the working conditions of high rotating speed and large load. In addition, the motor or the motor is placed in the test model, the defects of complex disassembly and assembly and difficult maintenance exist, and meanwhile, the defect of narrow application range exists, namely one set of mechanism can only adapt to one type of test model, and the test requirement that one set of mechanism is suitable for various test models is difficult to achieve.

Therefore, it is desirable to provide a novel magnus testing apparatus and method to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention has been developed in order to solve the problems of difficulty in meeting the requirements of high-speed and high-load tests, complexity in assembling and disassembling the mechanism, difficulty in maintenance, and a narrow range of applications in the existing test devices, and a brief summary of the present invention is provided below in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the present invention. It should be understood that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the invention. It is not intended to determine the key or critical elements of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the first scheme, a magnus test device, including supporting sleeve, driving motor, transmission shaft, leading bearing, balance and experimental model, driving motor fixed mounting is inside supporting sleeve, and driving motor's output and transmission shaft one end fixed connection, the transmission shaft lateral wall links to each other with the balance through leading bearing, balance and supporting sleeve end connection, the transmission shaft other end and experimental model fixed connection, the transmission shaft includes rear drive axle, hooke hinge and preceding axis of rotation, rear drive axle and driving motor's output fixed connection, and preceding axis of rotation links to each other with experimental model through the awl cooperation, and preceding axis of rotation and rear drive axle link to each other through the hooke hinge, the rear drive axle links to each other with the supporting sleeve inside wall through trailing bearing.

A magnus test method according to the second aspect is implemented based on the magnus test apparatus according to the first aspect, and includes:

step 1, after a driving motor is started, a rear driving shaft is driven to continuously rotate, and a front rotating shaft and a test model are further driven to continuously rotate at a high speed around a model axis;

step 2, when the driving motor is started, the rear bearing exerts constraint on the rear driving shaft, the input driving torque is rolling torque which is transmitted to the front rotating shaft through the hooke hinge, and the front rotating shaft drives the test model to rotate forcibly;

step 3, when the test model is forced to rotate, the balance is in a static state, and the test model transmits the pneumatic load to the balance through the front bearing;

and 4, after the balance receives the pneumatic load, the balance measures the lifting force, the lateral force, the pitching moment and the lateral moment of the test model in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the driving motor is transferred to the tail part of the supporting sleeve from the inside of the test model, the space limitation of the driving motor is released, the external large-volume driving motor is adopted for driving, the rotating speed is high, the driving torque is large, enough driving torque can be provided for the test model, the test model can still stably rotate at a high speed under a large load, and the rotating stability of the test model under the conditions of high rotating speed and large load can be ensured;

2. the device and the test model are mutually independent, the variable design is not needed for different test models, and the device and the test model are suitable for various missile and rocket test models, including missile test models with large slenderness ratios, and have strong universality and convenient maintenance;

3. the driving motor is arranged in the supporting sleeve and is far away from the test model, so that the electric signal interference can be reduced, and the accurate measurement of the Magnus force is facilitated;

4. when the test device is used for testing, the test device is simple in structural design, only needs to be in conical fit with a test model, and is simple and rapid to assemble, short in test period and low in processing cost.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Magnus test apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a Magnus test apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a Magnus test apparatus according to the invention;

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a Magnus test apparatus of the present invention;

in the figure, 1-a support sleeve, 2-a drive motor, 3-a rear drive shaft, 4-a rear bearing, 5-a hooke hinge, 6-a front rotating shaft, 7-a front bearing, 8-a balance, 9-a test model and 10-a transmission shaft.

Description of the preferred embodiment

In order that the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent, the invention will be described by way of example only, and in connection with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that such description is merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.

The connection mentioned in the present invention is divided into a fixed connection and a detachable connection, the fixed connection (i.e. the non-detachable connection) includes but is not limited to a folding connection, a rivet connection, an adhesive connection, a welding connection, and other conventional fixed connection methods, the detachable connection includes but is not limited to a screw connection, a snap connection, a pin connection, a hinge connection, and other conventional detachment methods, when the specific connection method is not clearly defined, the function can be realized by always finding at least one connection method from the existing connection methods by default, and a person skilled in the art can select the connection method according to needs. For example: the fixed connection selects welding connection, and the detachable connection selects hinge connection.

The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 4, and the magnus test device of the embodiment includes a support sleeve 1, a driving motor 2, a transmission shaft 10, a front bearing 7, a balance 8 and a test model 9, wherein the driving motor 2 is fixedly installed inside the support sleeve 1, an output end of the driving motor 2 is fixedly connected with one end of the transmission shaft 10, a side wall of the transmission shaft 10 is connected with the balance 8 through the front bearing 7, the balance 8 is connected with an end of the support sleeve 1, the other end of the transmission shaft 10 is fixedly connected with the test model 9, and a non-contact photoelectric sensor is arranged at a tail of the test model 9.

The transmission shaft 10 comprises a rear driving shaft 3, a hooke hinge 5 and a front rotating shaft 6, the rear driving shaft 3 is fixedly connected with the output end of the driving motor 2, the front rotating shaft 6 is connected with a test model 9 through cone matching, the front rotating shaft 6 is connected with the rear driving shaft 3 through the hooke hinge 5, and the rear driving shaft 3 is connected with the inner side wall of the supporting sleeve 1 through a rear bearing 4.

The end, far away from test model 9, of support sleeve 1 is fixedly connected with the external test environment, the effect of fixedly supporting the whole test device is realized, the driving source, namely driving motor 2, is transferred to the outside of test model 9 from the inside of test model 9, thereby the application space of the driving source is greatly improved, the driving source can provide enough large driving torque with high stability, the driving source has enough small load interference in other directions in the process of transferring rolling torque to test model 9, the load measured by balance 8 can be guaranteed to be close to pure aerodynamic load, through carrying out rolling constraint on driving shaft 10, hooke's hinge is connected between rear driving shaft 3 and front rotating shaft 6, and the interference load generated on the horizontal plane and the vertical plane in the process of transferring driving torque is effectively guaranteed to be small enough.

After the driving motor 2 is started, the rear driving shaft 3 is driven to rotate continuously, and further the front rotating shaft 6 and the test model 9 are driven to rotate continuously at a high speed.

The second embodiment is as follows: with reference to fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment is described, and based on the first embodiment, the magnus test method of the present embodiment is that the driving motor 2 of the present embodiment is transferred from the interior of the conventional test model 9 to the tail of the supporting sleeve 1, and the magnus force (torque) measurement of the test model can still be realized while the space limitation of the driving motor 2 is released, and the magnus force (torque) measurement method includes:

step 1, after a driving motor 2 is started, a rear driving shaft 3 is driven to continuously rotate, and a front rotating shaft 6 and a test model 9 are further driven to continuously rotate at a high speed around a model axis;

step 2, when the driving motor 2 is started, the rear bearing 4 imposes constraint on the rear driving shaft 3, the input driving torque is rolling torque, the rolling torque is transmitted to the front rotating shaft 6 through the hooke hinge 5, and the front rotating shaft 6 drives the test model 9 to rotate forcibly, so that the load interference transmitted to the balance 8 by the driving motor 9 is eliminated;

step 3, when the test model 9 is forced to rotate, the balance 8 is in a static state, and the test model 9 transmits the pneumatic load to the balance 8 through the front bearing 7;

and 4, after the balance 8 receives the pneumatic load, the balance 8 measures the lifting force, the side force, the pitching moment and the lateral moment of the test model 9 in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the non-contact photoelectric sensor is arranged at the tail of the test model 9 and used for obtaining the rotation rate of the test model and cannot interfere with the pneumatic load measurement.

The range of the model rotation speed of the test model 9 is 0-10000 rpm.

The implementation of the magnus test method of this embodiment requires a key technique to be solved, namely how to ensure that the load measured by the balance is a purely aerodynamic load. The upper pneumatic load of the test model 9 is borne by the balance 8 and the transmission shaft 10 together, so the embodiment ensures that most of the load is borne by the balance 8 through 2 measures, the pneumatic load transmitted to the transmission shaft 10 by the balance 8 is reduced, the transmission shaft 10 is assumed to be a rigid shaft, a multipoint bearing supporting mode is adopted, more than 95% of the load can be ensured to be borne by the balance through reasonable arrangement of the fulcrum intervals and constraint stress analysis, but if the transmission shaft 10 is divided into two parts like the embodiment, namely the front rotating shaft 6 and the rear driving shaft 3, and the two parts are connected by the hooke hinge 5, a certain displacement variation quantity of the two parts in the vertical and horizontal directions is allowed, and thus, the transmission of the pneumatic load of the test model to the right side of the transmission shaft 10 is further reduced. In summary, through the above 2 measures, that is, the front bearing 7, the rear bearing 4, the front rotating shaft 6 and the rear driving shaft 3 of the present embodiment, it can be ensured that more than 98% of the aerodynamic force sensed by the test model 9 is borne by the balance 8, and the aerodynamic force is acceptable in engineering tests.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Magnus test device which is characterized in that: the device comprises a supporting sleeve (1), a driving motor (2), a transmission shaft (10), a front bearing (7), a balance (8) and a test model (9), wherein the driving motor (2) is fixedly arranged inside the supporting sleeve (1), the output end of the driving motor (2) is fixedly connected with one end of the transmission shaft (10), the side wall of the transmission shaft (10) is connected with the balance (8) through the front bearing (7), the balance (8) is connected with the end part of the supporting sleeve (1), and the other end of the transmission shaft (10) is fixedly connected with the test model (9); the transmission shaft (10) comprises a rear driving shaft (3), a hooke hinge (5) and a front rotating shaft (6), the rear driving shaft (3) is fixedly connected with the output end of the driving motor (2), the front rotating shaft (6) is connected with the test model (9) through taper fit, and the front rotating shaft (6) is connected with the rear driving shaft (3) through the hooke hinge (5); the rear driving shaft (3) is connected with the inner side wall of the supporting sleeve (1) through a rear bearing (4).

2. A magnus test method implemented based on the magnus test apparatus of claim 1, comprising:

step 1, after a driving motor (2) is started, a rear driving shaft (3) is driven to continuously rotate, and then a front rotating shaft (6) and a test model (9) are driven to continuously rotate at a high speed around a model axis;

step 2, when the driving motor (2) is started, the rear bearing (4) imposes constraint on the rear driving shaft (3), the input driving torque is rolling torque, the rolling torque is transmitted to the front rotating shaft (6) through the hooke hinge (5), and the front rotating shaft (6) drives the test model (9) to rotate forcibly;

step 3, when the test model (9) is forced to rotate, the balance (8) is in a static state, and the test model (9) transmits the pneumatic load to the balance (8) through the front bearing (7);

and 4, after the balance (8) receives the pneumatic load, the balance (8) measures the lifting force, the lateral force, the pitching moment and the lateral moment of the test model (9) in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.