CN115854341A - Self-cooling and heat recycling premixing inner flame low-nitrogen combustor - Google Patents

Self-cooling and heat recycling premixing inner flame low-nitrogen combustor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115854341A
CN115854341A CN202211613746.0A CN202211613746A CN115854341A CN 115854341 A CN115854341 A CN 115854341A CN 202211613746 A CN202211613746 A CN 202211613746A CN 115854341 A CN115854341 A CN 115854341A
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China
Prior art keywords
cooling
chamber
self
premixing
burner
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CN202211613746.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
程乐鸣
张维国
郑成航
王勤辉
方梦祥
肖刚
周劲松
余春江
王涛
高翔
骆仲泱
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Priority to CN202211613746.0A priority Critical patent/CN115854341A/en
Publication of CN115854341A publication Critical patent/CN115854341A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

The invention discloses a self-cooling and heat-recycling premixing inner flame low-nitrogen combustor, which comprises a flow equalizing anti-backfire device, a premixing chamber, a pipe cooling chamber and a combustion chamber which are sequentially connected along the flow direction of premixed gas; a dividing wall type heat exchanger is arranged in the premixing chamber; the top end of the dividing wall type heat exchanger is communicated with the top end of the tube cooling chamber, the bottom end of the dividing wall type heat exchanger is communicated with the bottom end of the tube cooling chamber, and a cooling medium circularly flows between the dividing wall type heat exchanger and the tube cooling chamber; a combustion head communicated with the premixing chamber and the combustion chamber is arranged in the pipe cooling chamber; the tail part of the combustion head is provided with an inner flame burner; a premixed gas channel is arranged in the combustion head, and a cooling medium is arranged outside the combustion head; an ignition electrode is arranged in the combustion chamber. The burner provided by the invention has the advantages of simple system, self-utilization of heat cycle, safety, ultralow emission of nitrogen oxides and good effect.

Description

Self-cooling and heat recycling premixing inner flame low-nitrogen combustor
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas combustion, in particular to a self-cooling and heat-recycling premixing inner flame low-nitrogen combustor.
Background
Nitric oxide generated by combustion can be dissolved in water to generate acid rain, and the acid rain can bring wide harm to the environment, thereby causing huge economic loss. At present, low-nitrogen combustors mainly comprise fuel staged combustors, air staged combustors, flue gas recirculation combustors, high-temperature air combustors, porous medium combustors and composite combustors.
For a boiler using gas, there are three main technologies for realizing low-nitrogen combustion, namely a flue gas recirculation technology, a full-premixing surface combustion technology and a water-cooling premixing combustion technology. Wherein both flue gas recirculation and fully premixed surface combustion techniques reduce combustion efficiency. The water-cooling premixed combustion technology can realize low-nitrogen combustion without reducing combustion efficiency.
In the prior art, similar patent technologies include a Chinese invention patent application of a cooling flame low-nitrogen burner and a combustion method thereof with publication number CN110360558A with publication number of 22.10.2019, and a Chinese invention patent application of a water-cooling finned tube fire-exhaust full premix low-nitrogen burner with publication number CN107255277A with publication number of 17.10.2017, wherein for full premix combustion, the two burners have low nitrogen oxide emission. The invention can premix the premixed gas again, increases the premixing degree and does not need to additionally increase an auxiliary structure. In addition, similar patent technologies in China do not provide relevant descriptions for heat absorbed by cooling liquid, and the heat absorbed by the cooling liquid can be transferred to premixed gas, so that the combustion efficiency of a boiler is not influenced.
For the premixing low-nitrogen combustor, controlling the back combustion of the fuel gas and the complete mixing of the fuel gas and the combustion-supporting gas are 2 key elements for realizing the low-nitrogen premixing combustion. The combustion head in the tube cooling chamber is a premixed gas flow channel, the high flow speed is kept, the tempering is prevented, and the cooling medium outside the combustion head has a cooling effect on the gas in the gas flow channel, so that the tempering phenomenon can be effectively prevented. The turbulent flow effect of the dividing wall type heat exchanger in the premixing chamber on the premixed gas can further enhance the premixing effect, and simultaneously, the heat absorbed by the cooling medium from the combustion chamber can be recovered. In conclusion, the self-cooling and heat-recycling premixing inner flame low-nitrogen combustor has the advantages of safety in operation, high combustion efficiency and ultralow emission of nitrogen oxides.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a self-cooling and heat-recycling premixing inner flame low-nitrogen combustor aiming at the requirements of safety, high efficiency and low emission of a gas combustor and considering the mixing completeness of gas and combustion-supporting gas of the premixing low-nitrogen combustor. The premixed gas enters the premixing chamber through the flow equalizing anti-backfire device, the dividing wall type heat exchanger is arranged in the premixing chamber, the dividing wall type heat exchanger can enable the premixed gas to be further mixed, heat brought out from the combustion chamber can be transferred to the premixed gas, meanwhile, the volume of the premixed gas in the premixing cavity can be greatly compressed, and the risk of backfire and deflagration is reduced. After heat exchange is carried out between the cooling medium in the premixing indoor dividing wall type heat exchanger and the premixed gas, the cooling medium enters the tube cooling chamber and then returns to the dividing wall type heat exchanger from the tube cooling chamber, and heat circulates in the system without influencing the heat efficiency of the combustor. The premixed gas starts to burn at the root of the combustion head, the inner flame burner wraps the root of the flame, the high temperature of the local flame is reduced, and meanwhile, the flame is separated, so that the generation of nitrogen oxides can be effectively inhibited.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a self-cooling and heat-recycling premixing inner flame low-nitrogen combustor comprises a flow equalizing anti-backfire device, a premixing chamber, a pipe cooling chamber and a combustion chamber which are sequentially connected along the flow direction of premixed gas;
a dividing wall type heat exchanger is arranged in the premixing chamber; the top end of the dividing wall type heat exchanger is communicated with the top end of the tube cooling chamber, the bottom end of the dividing wall type heat exchanger is communicated with the bottom end of the tube cooling chamber, and a cooling medium circularly flows between the dividing wall type heat exchanger and the tube cooling chamber;
a combustion head communicated with the premixing chamber and the combustion chamber is arranged in the pipe cooling chamber; the tail part of the combustion head is provided with an inner flame burner; a premixed gas channel is arranged in the combustion head, and a cooling medium is arranged outside the combustion head;
an ignition electrode is arranged in the combustion chamber.
During the working process of the self-cooling and heating recycling premixed inner flame low-nitrogen combustor, premixed gas enters the premixing chamber through the flow equalizing anti-backfire device, exchanges heat with the dividing wall type heat exchanger in the premixing chamber and then enters the pipe cooling chamber. The mixture is introduced into the combustion chamber through an inner flame burner which passes through the tail part of the combustion head in the tube cooling chamber, and is ignited by an ignition electrode and combusted. The flow direction of the cooling medium is dividing wall type heat exchanger-tube cooling chamber-dividing wall type heat exchanger.
The self-cooling and heat-recycling premixing inner flame low-nitrogen combustor has the function of promoting mixing of premixed gas by the flow equalizing anti-backfire device.
The self-cooling heat recycling premixing inner flame low-nitrogen combustor and the dividing wall type heat exchanger can be light pipe type or fin type. The light pipe type heat exchanger is arranged in low-power operation, and the finned heat exchanger is arranged in high-power operation.
The self-cooling heat recycling premixing inner flame low-nitrogen combustor and the dividing wall type heat exchanger are preferably arranged in a snake shape in the premixing chamber, can be arranged in a single row or multiple rows, and also can be arranged in a row or staggered.
The burner head of the self-cooling heat recycling premixed inner flame low-nitrogen burner can be a circular or rectangular pipe.
According to the self-cooling heat recycling premixing inner-flame low-nitrogen combustor, an inner-flame burner is preferably in a conical structure, a rectangular structure or a combined structure of the conical structure and the rectangular structure.
In a preferred embodiment, the self-cooling and heat-recycling premixing inner-flame low-nitrogen burner has a circular or rectangular inner-flame burner nozzle as shown in FIG. 3 (a), the length L of the inner-flame burner nozzle is less than or equal to 20mm, the equivalent diameter D satisfies that D is less than D and less than 10D, and D is the equivalent diameter of the burner head.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 (b), the inner flame burner of the self-cooling and heat-recycling premixed inner flame low-nitrogen combustor is a tapered structure gradually expanding along the direction of the premixed gas flow, and the tapered included angle θ of the inner flame burner satisfies the conditions that θ is greater than 0 degree and less than or equal to 75 degrees, and the length L is less than or equal to 20mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the self-cooling and heat-recycling premixing inner-flame low-nitrogen burner is a combined structure of a rectangular structure and a gradually-expanding conical structure which are sequentially arranged along the airflow direction of the premixed gas, as shown in fig. 3 (c);
the length L of the inner flame burner is less than or equal to 20mm;
the length L1 of the conical structure is less than or equal to 15mm, and the included angle theta of the cone is more than 0 degree and less than or equal to 75 degrees;
the equivalent diameter D of the rectangular structure satisfies D < D < 10d, and D is the equivalent diameter of the combustion head.
According to the self-cooling heat recycling premixed inner flame low-nitrogen combustor, the cooling medium can be gas or liquid and comprises water, heat conduction oil or air and the like.
According to the self-cooling heat recycling premixed inner flame low-nitrogen combustor, the circulating power of the cooling medium can be self-circulating power or compensation circulating power provided by a medium circulating pump.
The invention relates to a self-cooling and heat recycling premixed inner flame low-nitrogen combustor which is mainly characterized in that (1) a combustor cooling medium adopts a self-cooling mode, and heat is recycled; (2) the premixed gas burner adopts an inner flame mode, and the combustion flame at the outlet of the burner is cooled by a medium. The combustor comprises a flow equalizing anti-backfire device, a premixing chamber, a dividing wall type heat exchanger, a pipe cooling chamber, a combustion head, an inner flame burner, a combustion chamber, an ignition electrode and the like. The premixed gas enters the premixing chamber through the flow equalizing anti-backfire device, the dividing wall type heat exchanger is arranged in the premixing chamber, the premixed gas can be further mixed, heat brought out by the cooling medium from the pipe cooling chamber is transferred to the premixed gas, the premixed gas is heated, and meanwhile, the circulating medium is cooled. And the cooling medium in the dividing wall type heat exchanger enters the tube cooling chamber after exchanging heat with the premixed gas in the premixing chamber. The premixed gas passes through the combustion head and is sprayed out by the inner flame burner. The cooling medium can cool the combustion head in the pipe cooling chamber to form a low-temperature wall surface, so that flame tempering is prevented. The inner flame burner wraps the flame root, reduces the temperature of the flame root and can effectively inhibit the generation of nitrogen oxides.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
considering 2 key elements of controlling gas back combustion and the mixing completeness of the gas and the combustion-supporting gas by the premixing low-nitrogen burner, the key of safe operation of the burner is the burner head which is cooled by a medium and has safe flow rate; the gas and the combustion-supporting gas are mixed in the premixing chamber for the second stage, and the good mixing uniformity is the guarantee of high combustion efficiency and low-nitrogen products; the inner flame type cooling burner further reduces the generation of nitrogen oxides by wrapping the flame; in addition, the heat circulation of the cooling medium of the combustor is self-utilized, peripheral matching systems of the combustor are reduced, the system is simple, and the cost is low. The burner provided by the invention has the advantages of simple system, self-utilization of heat cycle, safety, ultralow emission of nitrogen oxides and good effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-cooling and heat-recycling premixed inner flame low-nitrogen combustor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the recuperative heat exchanger in-line (a) or staggered (b) arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an inner flame burner arrangement according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-flow equalizing anti-backfire device; 2-a premixing chamber; 3-a dividing wall type heat exchanger; 4-a tube cooling chamber; 5-a combustion head; 6-inner flame burner; 7-a combustion chamber; 8-an ignition electrode; 9-medium circulating pump.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the self-cooling and self-heating recycling premixing inner flame low-nitrogen combustor of the present embodiment includes a flow equalizing anti-backfire device 1, a premixing chamber 2, a finned heat exchange tube (dividing wall type heat exchanger) 3, a tube cooling chamber 4, a combustion head 5, an inner flame burner 6, a combustion chamber 7, an ignition electrode 8, and a medium circulation pump 9.
The flow equalizing anti-backfire device 1, the premixing chamber 2, the pipe cooling chamber 4 and the combustion chamber 7 are sequentially connected along the flow direction of the premixed gas.
A dividing wall type heat exchanger 3 is arranged in the premixing chamber 2; the top end of the dividing wall type heat exchanger 3 is communicated with the top end of the tube cooling chamber 4, the bottom end of the dividing wall type heat exchanger 3 is communicated with the bottom end of the tube cooling chamber 4, and cooling medium circularly flows between the dividing wall type heat exchanger 3 and the tube cooling chamber 4.
A combustion head 5 communicated with the premixing chamber 2 and the combustion chamber 7 is arranged in the pipe cooling chamber 4; the tail part of the combustion head 5 is provided with an inner flame burner 6; the inside of the combustion head 5 is a premixed gas channel, and the outside of the combustion head 5 is a cooling medium.
Premixed gas enters a premixing chamber 2 through a flow equalizing anti-backfire device 1, fin heat exchange tubes 3 are arranged in a cavity of the premixing chamber, and the fin heat exchange tubes 3 are arranged in a single row.
Along the flow direction of the mixed gas, the premixing chamber 2 is connected with the pipe cooling chamber 4, a combustion head 5 is arranged in the pipe cooling chamber 4, and the combustion head 5 is a round pipe with the diameter of 4mm (outer diameter) multiplied by 1mm (wall thickness). The tail part of the combustion head 5 is provided with an inner flame burner 6, the inner flame burner 6 is in a divergent conical structure, as shown in fig. 3 (b), the divergent angle theta =60 degrees, and the length L is 15mm. The inner flame burner 6 is connected to a combustion chamber 7, and an ignition electrode 8 is arranged in the combustion chamber 7.
The finned heat exchange tube 3 and the tube cooling chamber 4 contain cooling media. The cooling medium circulation power is compensated by the medium circulation pump 9.
The primary premixed gas enters the premixing chamber 2 through the flow equalizing anti-backfire device 1, and the fin heat exchange tubes 3 in the premixing chamber 2 can premix the primary premixed gas again. The premixed mixed gas enters a combustion chamber 7 through an inner flame burner 6 behind a combustion head of the tube cooling chamber 4, and is ignited by an ignition electrode 8 and then combusted. In the combustion chamber 7, the inner flame burner 6 wraps the root of the flame and absorbs the heat of the combustion flame, the heat is transferred to the combustion head 5 and the pipe cooling chamber 4, the temperature of a cooling medium in the pipe cooling chamber 4 is increased, the density is reduced, and self-circulation power is formed. In the premix chamber 2, the cooling medium transfers heat to the premix gas around the finned heat exchange tubes 3. The cooling medium temperature is reduced, the density is increased, and self-circulation power is formed. The cooling medium moves in one direction in the combustor, and the medium circulating pump 9 can provide power compensation to ensure smooth circulation. The flow direction of the cooling medium is as follows: the finned heat exchange tube 3-tube cooling chamber 4-finned heat exchange tube 3.
After the premixed gas enters the combustion chamber 7, the wrapping effect of the cold wall surface of the combustion head 5 and the inner flame burner 6 in the combustion chamber 7 on the flame can reduce the local high temperature of the flame in the combustion chamber 7 and reduce the thermal NO x And (4) generating. The cooling medium can form a low-temperature wall surface in the pipe of the combustion head 5, and the tempering flame can be extinguished.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the self-cooling and heat-recycling premixing inner-flame low-nitrogen combustor of the present embodiment includes a flow-equalizing and anti-backfire device 1, a premixing chamber 2, a light pipe heat exchanger (dividing wall type heat exchanger) 3, a pipe cooling chamber 4, a combustion head 5, an inner-flame burner 6, a combustion chamber 7, and an ignition electrode 8.
The flow equalizing anti-backfire device 1, the premixing chamber 2, the pipe cooling chamber 4 and the combustion chamber 7 are sequentially connected along the flow direction of the premixed gas.
A dividing wall type heat exchanger 3 is arranged in the premixing chamber 2; the top end of the dividing wall type heat exchanger 3 is communicated with the top end of the tube cooling chamber 4, the bottom end of the dividing wall type heat exchanger 3 is communicated with the bottom end of the tube cooling chamber 4, and cooling media circularly flow between the dividing wall type heat exchanger 3 and the tube cooling chamber 4.
A combustion head 5 communicated with the premixing chamber 2 and the combustion chamber 7 is arranged in the pipe cooling chamber 4; the tail part of the combustion head 5 is provided with an inner flame burner 6; the inside of the combustion head 5 is a premixed gas channel, and the outside of the combustion head 5 is a cooling medium.
Premixed gas enters a premixing chamber 2 through a flow equalizing anti-backfire device 1, light pipe heat exchangers 3 without fins are arranged in a cavity of the premixing chamber, and the light pipe heat exchangers 3 are arranged in a row or staggered 6 in the airflow direction, as shown in fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b) respectively.
Along the flow direction of the mixed gas, the premixing chamber 2 is connected with the tube cooling chamber 4, a rectangular combustion head 5 is arranged in the tube cooling chamber 4, the size of a premixing gas channel in the combustion head 5 is 10mm multiplied by 1mm, and the equivalent diameter of the premixing gas channel is 1.82mm. The tail of the combustion head 5 is provided with an inner flame burner 6, the inner flame burner 6 is a rectangular combined structure with a gradually expanding angle, as shown in fig. 3 (c), the length L of the inner flame burner 6 is 20mm, the length L1 of the conical structure is 15mm, the gradually expanding angle theta =75 degrees, the side length of the rectangular structure is increased compared with that of the premixed gas channel, the specific size is 11mm multiplied by 2mm, and the equivalent diameter D is 3.38mm. The inner flame burner 6 is connected to a combustion chamber 7, and an ignition electrode 8 is arranged in the combustion chamber 7.
The light pipe heat exchanger 3 and the pipe cooling chamber 4 contain cooling media. The cooling medium circulates by means of self-circulating power.
The primary premixed gas enters the premixing chamber 2 through the flow equalizing anti-backfire device 1, and the light pipe heat exchanger 3 in the premixing chamber 2 can premix the primary premixed gas again. The premixed gas mixture enters a combustion chamber 7 through an inner flame burner 6 behind a combustion head 5 of the tube cooling chamber 4, and is ignited by an ignition electrode 8 and then combusted. In the combustion chamber 7, the inner flame burner 6 wraps the root of the flame and absorbs the heat of the combustion flame, the heat is transferred to the combustion head 5 and the pipe cooling chamber 4, the temperature of a cooling medium in the pipe cooling chamber 4 is increased, the density is reduced, and self-circulation power is formed. In the premix chamber 2, the cooling medium transfers heat to the premix gas around the light pipe heat exchanger 3. The temperature of the cooling medium is reduced, the density is increased, and self-circulation power is formed. The cooling medium moves in one direction in the combustor. The flow direction of the cooling medium is as follows: the finned heat exchange tube 3-tube cooling chamber 4-finned heat exchange tube 3.
After the premixed gas enters the combustion chamber, the wrapping effect of the cold wall surface in the combustion head 5 pipe and the conical inner flame burner in the combustion chamber on the flame can reduce the local flame high temperature of the combustion chamber and reduce the thermal NO x And (4) generating. The cooling medium can form a low-temperature wall surface in the pipe of the combustion head 5, and the tempering flame can be extinguished.
Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art after reading the above description of the present invention, and equivalents also fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A self-cooling and heat-recycling premixing inner flame low-nitrogen combustor is characterized by comprising a flow equalizing anti-backfire device (1), a premixing chamber (2), a pipe cooling chamber (4) and a combustion chamber (7) which are sequentially connected along the flow direction of premixed gas;
a dividing wall type heat exchanger (3) is arranged in the premixing chamber (2); the top end of the dividing wall type heat exchanger (3) is communicated with the top end of the tube cooling chamber (4), the bottom end of the dividing wall type heat exchanger (3) is communicated with the bottom end of the tube cooling chamber (4), and a cooling medium circularly flows between the dividing wall type heat exchanger (3) and the tube cooling chamber (4);
a combustion head (5) communicated with the premixing chamber (2) and the combustion chamber (7) is arranged in the pipe cooling chamber (4); the tail part of the combustion head (5) is provided with an inner flame burner (6); a premixed gas channel is arranged in the combustion head (5), and a cooling medium is arranged outside the combustion head (5);
an ignition electrode (8) is arranged in the combustion chamber (7).
2. The self-cooling and heat-recycling premixed inner flame low-nitrogen burner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dividing wall type heat exchanger (3) is of a light tube type or a fin type.
3. The self-cooling heat-recycling premixing inner flame low nitrogen burner as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the dividing wall type heat exchanger (3) is arranged in a serpentine shape in the premixing chamber (2), in a single row or multiple rows, in a row or in a staggered arrangement.
4. The self-cooling recycling premixed inner flame low-nitrogen burner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the burner head (5) is a circular or rectangular tube.
5. The self-cooling heat recycling premix inner flame low-nitrogen burner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner flame burner (6) has a conical structure, a rectangular structure or a combination of the two structures.
6. The self-cooling recycling premixed inner-flame low-nitrogen burner as claimed in claim 5, wherein the inner-flame burner (6) is of a circular or rectangular structure, the length L is less than or equal to 20mm, the equivalent diameter D satisfies D < D < 10D, and D is the equivalent diameter of the burner head (5).
7. The self-cooling recycling premixing inner-flame low-nitrogen burner as claimed in claim 5, wherein the inner-flame burner nozzle (6) is a tapered structure gradually expanding along the direction of the premixed gas flow, the included angle θ of the taper satisfies the range of 0 ° < θ ≦ 75 °, and the length L ≦ 20mm.
8. The self-cooling and self-heating recycling premixing inner flame low-nitrogen burner as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the inner flame burner (6) is a combined structure of a rectangular structure and a gradually expanding conical structure which are sequentially arranged along the direction of the premixed gas flow;
the length L of the inner flame burner (6) is less than or equal to 20mm;
the length L1 of the conical structure is less than or equal to 15mm, and the included angle theta of the cone is more than 0 degree and less than or equal to 75 degrees;
the equivalent diameter D of the rectangular structure satisfies D < D < 10d, and D is the equivalent diameter of the combustion head (5).
9. The self-cooling recycling premixed inner flame low-nitrogen burner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cooling medium is gas or liquid, and comprises water, heat transfer oil or air.
10. The self-cooling recycling premixed inner flame low-nitrogen burner as claimed in claim 1 or 9, wherein the circulating power of the cooling medium is self-circulating power or compensation circulating power provided by a medium circulating pump (9).
CN202211613746.0A 2022-12-15 2022-12-15 Self-cooling and heat recycling premixing inner flame low-nitrogen combustor Pending CN115854341A (en)

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CN202211613746.0A CN115854341A (en) 2022-12-15 2022-12-15 Self-cooling and heat recycling premixing inner flame low-nitrogen combustor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211613746.0A CN115854341A (en) 2022-12-15 2022-12-15 Self-cooling and heat recycling premixing inner flame low-nitrogen combustor

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CN115854341A true CN115854341A (en) 2023-03-28

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