CN107883406B - Flameless combustion chamber for Stirling engine and method for implementing the same - Google Patents
Flameless combustion chamber for Stirling engine and method for implementing the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN107883406B CN107883406B CN201610876487.9A CN201610876487A CN107883406B CN 107883406 B CN107883406 B CN 107883406B CN 201610876487 A CN201610876487 A CN 201610876487A CN 107883406 B CN107883406 B CN 107883406B
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Natural products O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
- F23R3/58—Cyclone or vortex type combustion chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/16—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration with devices inside the flame tube or the combustion chamber to influence the air or gas flow
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a flameless combustion chamber for a Stirling engine and an implementation method thereof, wherein the flameless combustion chamber comprises a combustion chamber shell, a burner and a heat exchanger, the shell consists of an upper shell and a lower shell, an exhaust pipe is arranged at the top of the shell, and a heat exchanger cylinder is arranged at the bottom of the shell; the lower shell is connected with the top of the heat exchanger cylinder into a whole; the top, the lower shell and the upper shell of the heat exchanger cylinder form a combustion chamber space; a thermal cavity of a Stirling engine is arranged at the lower end of the heat exchanger barrel, and the top of the barrel separates a combustion chamber from the thermal cavity; a burner and a heat exchanger are sequentially arranged in the shell from top to bottom; the heat exchanger comprises a circle of heat exchange pipes which are arranged in an inverted U shape, one end of each heat exchange pipe is communicated with a thermal cavity of the Stirling engine, and the other end of each heat exchange pipe is communicated with the heat regenerator to form a circulating working medium system; the implementation method comprises the steps of burning by using the combustion chamber; the invention has the characteristics of uniform combustion chamber temperature, high combustion efficiency, safety and reliability, and is particularly suitable for Stirling engines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Stirling engines, in particular to a flameless combustion chamber for a Stirling engine and an implementation method thereof.
Background
The Stirling engine (STIRLING ENGINE) is a closed type regenerative cycle engine heated by external energy, and has the characteristics of high efficiency, low noise, small pollution, wide energy adaptability and the like. The combustion chamber is an important component of the Stirling engine, the function of the combustion chamber is to reasonably organize combustion and heat exchange, and the efficiency and reliability of the combustion chamber have important influence on the performance of the Stirling engine.
The existing Stirling engine combustion chamber adopting liquid fuel has the problems of uneven temperature distribution, overhigh local temperature, overlong flame length and the like. Accordingly, there is a need for further improving the efficiency and reliability of the Stirling engine combustion chamber using more advanced combustion techniques.
The flameless combustion (FLAMELESS COMBUSTION) technology is a new combustion technology, no local flame exists in the combustion chamber when flameless combustion is realized, and the flameless combustion mode has a plurality of advantages compared with the traditional combustion mode, such as uniform combustion temperature distribution, lower emission, enhanced radiation heat exchange and extremely low combustion noise, and the characteristics of flameless combustion are particularly suitable for being applied to the combustion chamber of the Stirling engine.
Therefore, the problems faced by the existing Stirling engine combustion chamber are effectively solved, and the efficiency and reliability of the Stirling engine combustion chamber are greatly improved. The application relates to a flameless combustion chamber for a Stirling engine and an implementation method thereof
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flameless combustion chamber for a Stirling engine, which can remarkably improve the uniformity of the temperature of the combustion chamber, reduce irreversible loss in the heat transfer process, improve the efficiency of the combustion system of the Stirling engine, reduce the peak temperature of flame of the combustion chamber, prevent the flame from directly scouring the top of a hot cavity, solve the problem of ash accumulation of a heater caused by overhigh peak temperature of the flame, prolong the service life of parts and ensure the long-term operation stability of the efficiency of the combustion system.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
A flameless combustion chamber for a Stirling engine comprises a combustion chamber shell, a burner and a heat exchanger,
The shell consists of an upper shell and a lower shell which are separated, an exhaust pipe is arranged at the top of the shell, and a heat exchanger cylinder is arranged at the bottom of the shell; the lower shell is connected with the top of the heat exchanger cylinder into a whole;
the top, the lower shell and the upper shell of the heat exchanger cylinder form a combustion chamber space;
a thermal cavity of the Stirling engine is arranged at the lower end of the heat exchanger barrel, and the top of the heat exchanger barrel separates the combustion chamber from the thermal cavity of the Stirling engine;
the shell is internally and sequentially provided with a burner for mixing and burning an oxidant and a liquid fuel from top to bottom and a heat exchanger for exchanging heat of flue gas generated by combustion;
The burner mainly comprises an oil sprayer, an air inlet pipe assembly, a mixing pipe and a cyclone; the air inlet pipe assembly is arranged between the outer side of the fuel injector and the inner side of the exhaust pipe and used for entering an oxidant; the mixing pipe is arranged at the outer side of the fuel injector and positioned below the air inlet pipe assembly and is used for mixing the oxidant with the smoke generated by combustion; the swirler is arranged between the inner wall of the mixing pipe and the outer wall of the oil injector;
The heat exchanger comprises a circle of heat exchange pipes which are arranged in an inverted U shape, one end of each heat exchange pipe is communicated with a thermal cavity of the Stirling engine, and the other end of each heat exchange pipe is communicated with the heat regenerator to form a circulating working medium system.
In the technical scheme, the liquid fuel is atomized into fine particles by the aid of the oil sprayer in the middle of the arranged combustor, the fine particles are evaporated and then mixed with the oxidant entering through the air inlet pipe assembly sleeved on the outer side of the oil sprayer through the mixing pipe, so that a combustible mixer is formed, the temperature of combustible mixed gas is higher than the ignition point of the liquid fuel, flameless combustion is realized in a combustion area, the combustion system efficiency of the Stirling engine can be improved, the flame peak temperature of the combustion chamber is reduced, and the flame is prevented from directly flushing the top of a hot cavity. Meanwhile, the heat exchanger is arranged to exchange heat of the flue gas generated by combustion, a part of high-temperature flue gas flows out of the combustion chamber after flowing through the heat exchange pipe, and a part of high-temperature flue gas is sucked into the mixing pipe, so that the oxidant is diluted and heated to be participated in combustion again, stable flameless combustion is formed, the uniformity of the temperature of the combustion chamber can be ensured, the irreversible loss in the heat transfer process is reduced, the ash deposition of the heater caused by overhigh flame peak temperature can be solved, the service life of parts is prolonged, and the long-term operation stability of the combustion system is ensured.
Preferably, the air inlet pipe assembly comprises an air inlet manifold sleeved on the outer side of the fuel injector, a heat insulation sleeve is arranged between the inner wall of the lower end of the air inlet manifold and the outer wall of the fuel injector, and an oxidant nozzle for passing through oxidant is arranged between the heat insulation sleeve and the inner wall of the air inlet manifold.
In this technical scheme, the air inlet manifold who sets up mainly is used for the entering of oxidant, and the entering back is through the oxidant nozzle that sets up between insulating sheath and the intake pipe inner wall, with the oxidant input to the hybrid tube in, has controlled the quantity of oxidant effectively, improves final mixing effect. The insulating sleeve that sets up simultaneously can keep apart sprayer and air inlet manifold, avoids the high life who influences the fuel sprayer of temperature.
Preferably, the oil injector comprises an oil inlet pipe, a nozzle tip connector and a fuel nozzle which are connected in sequence;
The outer wall of the oil nozzle connector is provided with a first boss protruding outwards, the upper surface of the first boss is in contact with the end face of the bottom end of the heat insulation sleeve, and the lower surface of the first boss is connected with the cyclone.
In the technical scheme, a first boss is arranged on the outer wall of the oil nozzle connector, the limit of the heat insulation sleeve is realized by using the first boss, and the installation stability of the heat insulation sleeve is improved.
Preferably, the number of the oxidant nozzles is 4-6, the diameter of each oxidant nozzle is 0.8-1.2 mm, the 4-6 oxidant nozzles are radially distributed by taking the central axis of the air inlet main pipe as the center of a circle to form a distribution circle, and the ratio D/D 1 =0.75-0.9 of the diameter D of the distribution circle to the diameter D 1 of the mixing pipe.
In the technical scheme, the number of the oxidant nozzles is set to be 4-6, and the diameter of each nozzle is 0.8-1.2 mm. The purpose is to ensure enough smoke quantity and further improve the mixing effect.
Preferably, the mixing pipe is formed by combining a flow guiding section, a mixing section and a diffusion section from top to bottom in sequence, the mixing pipe is connected with the inner wall of the shell through a plurality of connecting sheets, and the plurality of connecting sheets are radially distributed on the outer wall of the mixing pipe.
In this technical scheme, the mixing tube that sets up is by being used for leading-in water conservancy diversion section with the flue gas, carries out the mixing section that mixes high temperature flue gas and oxidant to and the diffusion section, can guarantee the angle of air current and the atomizing cone angle assorted of the liquid fuel that the sprayer spouted. Meanwhile, the mixing tube is connected with the shell through the connecting sheet.
Preferably, a second boss protruding inwards is arranged on the inner wall of the mixing section, and the first boss is used for supporting the cyclone;
And/or;
The ratio L/D 2 =0.8-1.2 of the length L of the mixing section to the diameter D 2 of the mixing section;
And/or;
the end of the diffusion section far away from the mixing section is outwards expanded, and the expansion angle is 5-10 degrees;
And/or;
The top of the oxidant nozzle is an inlet, and the bottom of the oxidant nozzle is an outlet; the distance between the outlet of the oxidant nozzle to the inlet of the mixing section is greater than 0.7D 1.
Preferably, the cyclone is an axial cyclone, and the cyclone number Sn is more than 0.6.
In the technical scheme, the cyclone is preferably an axial cyclone, so that the structure is simple, the separation effect is good, and the practicability is better.
Preferably, the heat exchange tube is of an inverted U-shaped structure, one side of the heat exchange tube of the U-shaped structure, which is close to the inner wall of the shell, is a fin side, and the opposite side is a tube side; the heat exchange tubes on the fin sides are communicated with the heat regenerator, the heat exchange tubes on the tube sides are communicated with the heat cavity of the Stirling engine, fins are arranged on the heat exchange tubes on the fin sides, and the fins and the heat exchange tubes are welded together so as to improve the heat exchange effect of the heat exchange tubes far away from the center of the combustion chamber.
In the technical scheme, the heat exchange tube is arranged into a U-shaped structure, and the fins arranged on the fin sides of the heat exchange tube with the U-shaped structure improve the uniformity of heat exchange between the inner side and the outer side and the performance of the heat exchanger.
The invention also provides an implementation method, in particular to a method for implementing the flameless combustion chamber for the Stirling engine, which comprises the following steps:
The oxidant enters from the air inlet pipe assembly, the flue gas is sucked into the mixing pipe for mixing, and the mixed gas flows through the cyclone to form reflux in the combustion area in the shell; liquid fuel enters from the fuel injector, is evaporated and then is mixed with mixed gas flowing through the cyclone to form combustible mixed gas, the combustible mixed gas is subjected to flameless combustion in a combustion zone, flue gas generated by combustion is subjected to heat exchange through the heat exchanger, part of the exchanged flue gas flows out of the shell from the exhaust pipe, and the other part of the exchanged flue gas is sucked into the mixing pipe to be mixed with oxidant entering from the air inlet pipe assembly, so that the oxygen content of the combustible mixed gas is reduced.
According to the technical scheme, the operation is simple, the oxygen content of the combustible mixed gas is diluted by using high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion, so that the combustion temperature is controlled, and meanwhile, the high-temperature flue gas can heat the sprayed oxidant, so that the heat loss is reduced.
Preferably, the temperature of the flue gas after heat exchange through the heat exchanger is above 1000K, the flue gas sucked into the mixing pipe is sucked by the guide plate and mixed and diluted with the oxidant entering from the air inlet pipe assembly, so that the oxygen concentration of the combustible mixed gas reaches the oxygen content concentration in the air.
Compared with the prior art, the flameless combustion chamber for the Stirling engine and the implementation method thereof provided by the invention have at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the ejector and the cyclone are matched by utilizing the mixing pipe and the air inlet header pipe, so that flameless combustion in the Stirling engine is realized, the uniformity of the temperature distribution of the combustion chamber is improved, and the efficiency of the combustion system is improved. Meanwhile, liquid fuel is sprayed out from the middle through the oil sprayer, and oxidant and high-temperature flue gas are mixed by the cyclone and sprayed out all around, so that the peak flame temperature is reduced, the flame is prevented from directly flushing the top of a thermal cavity of the Stirling engine, a flame baffle plate is omitted from being arranged in a shell, and the problem of ash accumulation of a heating pipe is thoroughly solved.
2. According to the invention, through the heat exchanger, heat exchange of flue gas generated by combustion can be satisfied, uniformity of temperature distribution of the combustion chamber is ensured, and heat exchange efficiency is improved.
3. According to the invention, the heat insulation between the oil nozzle and the air inlet main pipe and the mixing pipe is realized through the heat insulation sleeve, so that the influence of the overhigh temperature on the service life of the oil nozzle is avoided, the service life of parts is prolonged, and the long-term operation stability of the combustion system efficiency is ensured.
4. The number of the oxidant nozzles, the diameter of the distribution circle formed by the diameter and the radial distribution are limited to a certain extent, so that the sufficient flue gas amount can be satisfied to enter a combustion zone, the mixing effect is improved, and the efficiency of a combustion system of the Stirling engine is further improved.
5. According to the invention, the cyclone is fixed by the first boss arranged on the outer wall of the nozzle connecting body of the oil sprayer and the second boss arranged on the inner wall of the mixing section of the mixing pipe, so that the stability of the structure during operation can be improved. And the cyclone is arranged at the same time to form backflow of the mixed flue gas in the combustion zone, so that the concentration of the oxidant in the mixed gas is further reduced, and the condition of flameless combustion is achieved.
6. The mixing pipe provided by the invention is mainly composed of a diversion section, a mixing section and a diffusion section; the flue gas and the oxidant in the mixing tube transmit momentum, energy and mass, so that the temperature of the oxidant is increased, the oxygen concentration is reduced, a flameless combustion high-temperature low-oxygen condition is provided, and meanwhile, the angle of the air flow is ensured to be matched with the atomization cone angle of the liquid fuel sprayed out by the fuel injector through the diffusion section, so that the mixing effect is optimal.
7. The implementation method of the invention has the advantages of convenient operation, better effect, better injection dilution of the oxygen concentration of the combustible mixed gas by utilizing the flue gas generated by combustion, achieving the purpose of controlling the combustion temperature, improving the utilization of waste heat of the waste gas and effectively avoiding the energy loss in the heat transfer process.
Drawings
The above features, technical features, advantages and implementation of a flameless combustion chamber for a Stirling engine and method of implementing the same will be further described in the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in a clearly understandable manner.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a flameless combustion chamber of a Stirling engine of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a burner in a flameless combustion chamber of a Stirling engine according to the present invention;
FIG. 3A is a block diagram of the connection of the fuel injector to the insulating sleeve of FIG. 2;
FIG. 3B is a top view of the fuel injector and sleeve connection of FIG. 2;
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the connection of the mixing tube and the cyclone in fig. 2.
Reference numerals illustrate:
001 oxidant, 002 liquid fuel, 003 high temperature mixed gas, 004 flue gas;
100 shells, 101 upper shells, 102 lower shells, 103 heat exchanger cylinder bodies, 103A upper heat exchanger cylinder bodies, 103B lower heat exchanger cylinder bodies, 103C inner ring holes, 103D outer ring holes and 104 exhaust pipes;
200 burners, 210 fuel injectors, 211 fuel inlet pipes, 212 fuel nozzle connectors, 213 fuel nozzles; 220 air inlet pipe assembly, 221A air inlet manifold, 221B oxidant nozzle, 221C insulating sleeve; 230 mixing tube, 231A flow guiding section, 231B receiving section, 232A upper mixing tube section, 232B swirl section, 232C lower mixing tube section, 233 diffuser section, 234 connecting piece; 240 cyclones;
300 heat exchanger, 301 fin side, 302 tube side;
401 combustion chamber, 402 combustion zone, 403 thermal chamber.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will explain the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is evident that the drawings in the following description are only examples of the invention, from which other drawings and other embodiments can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort.
For the sake of simplicity of the drawing, the parts relevant to the present invention are shown only schematically in the figures, which do not represent the actual structure thereof as a product. Additionally, in order to simplify the drawing for ease of understanding, components having the same structure or function in some of the drawings are shown schematically with only one of them, or only one of them is labeled. Herein, "a" means not only "only this one" but also "more than one" case.
In a first embodiment of the flameless combustion chamber for a stirling engine of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 to 4, a flameless combustion chamber for a stirling engine comprises a combustion chamber housing 100, a burner 200 and a heat exchanger 300, wherein the housing 100 is composed of two parts of an upper housing 101 and a lower housing 102 which are separated, and an exhaust pipe 104 is provided on the top of the housing 100, that is, the upper housing 101, and a heat exchanger cylinder 103 is provided on the bottom of the housing 100, that is, the bottom of the lower housing 102; the lower housing 102 is integrally connected to the top of the heat exchanger cylinder 103. The top of the heat exchanger cylinder 103, the lower housing 102 and the upper housing 101 form a combustion space. The lower part of the heat exchanger cylinder 103 is a thermal cavity 403 of the Stirling engine, and the top of the heat exchanger cylinder 103 isolates the combustion chamber from the thermal cavity 403 of the Stirling engine.
Referring to fig. 1, specifically, a burner 200 for mixing and combusting an oxidant 001 and a liquid fuel 002 and a heat exchanger 300 for exchanging heat of a flue gas 004 generated by combustion are sequentially provided in the housing 100 from top to bottom, and the heat exchanger 300 is formed by a circle of heat exchange tube bundles arranged longitudinally. One end of the heat exchange tube is communicated with a thermal cavity 403 of the Stirling engine, the other end of the heat exchange tube is communicated with a regenerator (not shown in the figure) of the Stirling engine, and a working medium flows in the tube heat exchange tube and absorbs heat from the combustion chamber 401 to form a circulating working medium system.
The burner 200 is provided primarily with a fuel injector 210, an air intake pipe assembly 220, a mixing pipe 230, and a swirler 240. In actual installation, the intake pipe assembly 220 is disposed between the outside of the injector 210 and the inside of the exhaust pipe 104 for the entry of the oxidant 001, and an exhaust passage is formed between the intake pipe assembly 220 and the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 104. A mixing pipe 230 is disposed outside the fuel injector 210 and below the intake pipe assembly 220, for mixing the oxidant 001 entering from the intake pipe assembly 220 with the smoke 004 generated by combustion; and the cyclone 240 is disposed between the inner wall of the mixing tube 230 and the outer wall of the fuel injector 210, and the cyclone 240 makes the mixed gas form a reflux in the combustion zone 402 to be mixed with the introduced flue gas 004, so as to further reduce the concentration of the oxidant 001 in the mixed gas and reach the condition of flameless combustion.
In a first embodiment of the flameless combustion chamber for a Stirling engine of the present invention, referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, an intake pipe assembly 220 is provided comprising an intake manifold 221A provided outside of the injector 210, a heat insulating jacket 221C is provided between the inside of the lower end of the intake manifold 221A and the outer wall of the injector 210, and an oxidizer nozzle 221B for passing an oxidizer 001 is provided between the heat insulating jacket 221C and the inner wall of the intake manifold 221A. Through the heat insulation sleeve 221C, the protection of the oil sprayer 210 can be realized, and the damage to the oil sprayer 210 caused by overhigh temperature is avoided, so that the service life of the oil sprayer is influenced.
In the first embodiment of the flameless combustion chamber for a stirling engine of the present application, referring again to fig. 2, the injector 210 is provided with an oil inlet pipe 211, a nozzle tip connector 212 and a fuel nozzle 213 which are sequentially connected, so that in order to avoid the influence of high temperature smoke 004 flowing through the mixing pipe 230 provided outside the injector 210 on the injector 210, the bottom end of the spacer sleeve is extended downward, as shown in fig. 3A, and simultaneously, in order to improve the connection stability of the thermal insulation sleeve 221C, a first boss protruding outwards is further provided on the outer wall of the nozzle tip connector, the upper surface of the first boss is used for contacting with the bottom end surface of the thermal insulation sleeve 221C, and the lower surface of the first boss is used for connecting with the cyclone 240. The first boss is thus provided to limit the installation position of the heat insulating jacket 221C to a limited extent, and the heat insulating jacket 221C is allowed to exert an optimal effect.
In the second embodiment of the flameless combustion chamber for a stirling engine of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3B, it is preferable that the number of the oxidant nozzles 221B is set to 4 to 6, the diameter of each oxidant 001 nozzle is 0.8 to 1.2mm, and 4 to 6 oxidant 001 nozzles are radially distributed around the central axis of the intake manifold 221A to form a distribution circle, and the ratio D/D 1 =0.75 to 0.9 of the diameter D 1 of the distribution circle to the diameter of the mixing pipe 230, as compared with the first embodiment. This ensures that a sufficient amount of the oxidizing agent 001 always flows from the intake manifold 221A into the mixing pipe 230 and is mixed with the smoke 004 sucked in by the mixing pipe 230, thereby improving the mixing effect.
In the third embodiment of the flameless combustion chamber for a stirling engine according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, a specifically provided mixing tube 230 is composed of a combination of a flow guiding section 231A, a mixing section, and a diffuser section 233 from top to bottom. The flow guiding section 231A is formed to be expanded outwards along the mixing section (i.e. towards the inner wall of the casing 100) to form an arc shape, so that the rising flue gas after heat exchange by the heat exchanger 300 can be guided into the mixing section by the flow guiding section 231A in the arc shape, so as to be mixed with the oxidant flowing from the oxidant nozzle 221B. The mixing section is formed by connecting a receiving section, an upper mixing pipe and a cyclone section, wherein the receiving section is connected from top to bottom, the upper mixing pipe is used for arranging the cyclone section of the cyclone 240, and the lower mixing pipe section is connected, so that the smoke 004 is sucked by high-speed air flow sprayed from the fuel nozzle 213, enters the receiving section 231B through the flow guiding section 231A, is subjected to momentum, energy and mass transfer in the upper mixing pipe section 232A, enters the cyclone 240 of the cyclone section 232B, and forms reflux in the combustion area 402 under the action of the high-temperature mixed gas 003 of the cyclone 240, and further reduces the concentration of oxygen in the mixed gas, and reaches the condition of flameless combustion.
In the third embodiment, the mixing tube 230 is mainly connected to the inner wall of the housing 100 through a plurality of connecting pieces 234. During actual installation, the connecting pieces 234 are radially distributed on the outer wall of the mixing pipe 230, so that the stability of connection can be ensured, and the smoke 004 generated by combustion can further rise from between the adjacent connecting pieces 234 after rising, so that the condition that a part of smoke 004 is discharged from the exhaust pipe 104 is met, and the other part of smoke 004 is sucked into the mixing pipe 230 again to be mixed with the oxidant 001 is realized. It should be noted that, the connecting piece 234 in the present application specifically has one end connected to the inner wall of the housing 100, and the other end connected to the end of the arc-shaped flow guiding section 231A (i.e., the side close to the inner wall of the housing 100).
In the above three embodiments, it is preferable that a second boss protruding inward is provided on the inner wall of the mixing section, and the support of the cyclone 240 is achieved by the provision of the second boss. In the application, the cyclone 240 is specifically clamped between the first boss and the second boss, so that the stability of connection is further improved.
In the above three embodiments, preferably, the ratio L/D 2 =0.8-1.2 of the length L of the mixing section (i.e. in the up-down direction in fig. 4) to the diameter D 2 of the mixing section (i.e. as a circular column) can effectively improve the mixing effect of the high-temperature flue gas 004 and the oxidant 001 in the mixing section.
In the above three embodiments, it is preferable that the diffuser 233 is outwardly expanded at an end remote from the mixing section, and the expansion angle is set at 5 to 10 degrees.
In the above three embodiments, preferably, the top of the oxidant 001 nozzle is an inlet of the oxidant 001 nozzle, and the bottom is an outlet of the oxidant 001 nozzle; the distance from the oxidant 001 nozzle outlet to the inlet of the mixing section (where it joins the inducer 231A, see fig. 4) is greater than 0.7D 1.
In the fourth embodiment of the flameless combustion chamber for a stirling engine of the present invention, the improvement is made on the basis of the above embodiment, and the improvement is that the cyclone 240 is preferably an axial cyclone 240, and the cyclone number Sn is more than 0.6, so that the concentration of oxygen in the mixed gas is effectively reduced, and the condition of flameless combustion is reached.
In the fifth embodiment of the flameless combustion chamber for a stirling engine of the present invention, an improvement is made on the basis of the above-described embodiment in that the heat exchange tube is provided in a U-shaped structure, and the side of the heat exchange tube of the U-shaped structure, which is close to the inner wall of the housing 100, is a fin side 301, and the opposite side, that is, the side close to the center of the combustion chamber 401, is a tube side 302. Specifically, the bottom ends of the heat exchange tubes on the fin side 301 are communicated with the regenerator, the bottom ends of the heat exchange tubes on the tube side 302 are communicated with the heat cavity 403 of the Stirling engine, and a plurality of fins are arranged on the heat exchange tubes on the fin side 301, so as to improve the heat exchange effect of the heat exchange tubes far away from the center of the combustion chamber 401, and the heat exchange effect inside and outside the heat exchanger 300 is uniform as much as possible. As shown in fig. 1, when in installation, a circle of inner ring holes 103C are formed in the top of the cavity wall of the cavity of the heat exchanger cylinder 103, and the inner ring holes 103C are used for being connected with heat exchange tubes on the tube side 302; meanwhile, a circle of outer ring holes 103D are formed in the connecting wall of the cavity and the inner wall of the heat exchanger cylinder 103, and the outer ring holes 103D are used for the bottom ends of the fin sides 301 to penetrate through and be communicated with the heat regenerator.
Of course, the above-described embodiment is used as a specific embodiment in which the housing 100 is configured by connecting the upper housing 101 and the lower housing 102 for convenience of installation, and the exhaust pipe 104 is provided on the upper housing 101, and the lower end of the lower housing 102 is connected to the heat exchanger cylinder 103. In this way, when the burner 200 and the heat exchanger 300 in the housing 100 are actually mounted, the upper housing 101, the lower housing 102, and the heat exchanger cylinder 103 may be connected. The specific connection modes are various, and the application can be preferably connected in a welding mode or in a bolt connection mode.
Of course, in other specific embodiments, the heat exchanger cylinder 103 may be further configured by connecting an upper heat exchanger cylinder 103A and a lower heat exchanger cylinder 103B. It should be noted that, there are various specific connection modes of the upper heat exchanger cylinder 103A and the lower heat exchanger cylinder 103B, and the connection modes may be preferably adopted in the present application. Or the method of integral casting or forging and integral machining.
There is also provided in the present invention a method of implementation using the previously described method of implementation of a stirling engine with a flameless combustion chamber 401, comprising the steps of:
Oxidant 001 enters from the air inlet pipe assembly 220, and the flue gas 004 is sucked into the mixing pipe 230 for mixing, and the mixed gas flows through the cyclone 240 to form reflux in the combustion zone 402 in the shell 100;
The liquid fuel 002 enters from the injector 210, is evaporated and is mixed with the mixed gas flowing through the cyclone 240 to form a combustible mixed gas, the combustible mixed gas is flamelessly combusted in the combustion area 402, the flue gas 004 generated by combustion exchanges heat through the heat exchanger 300, one part of the exchanged flue gas 004 flows out of the shell 100 from the exhaust pipe 104, and the other part is sucked into the mixing pipe 230 to be mixed with the oxidant 001 entering from the air inlet pipe assembly 220.
In the present embodiment, the temperature of the flue gas 004 after heat exchange by the heat exchanger 300 can be ensured to be 1000K or higher, and the flue gas 004 sucked into the mixing pipe 230 is sucked by the baffle plate and mixed and diluted with the oxidant 001 entering from the air inlet pipe assembly 220.
In the invention, the introduced oxidant 001 is pure oxygen, air or a mixture of pure oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen; the liquid fuel 002 is one or mixture of diesel oil, aviation kerosene and dimethyl ether.
It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as needed. The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A flameless combustion chamber for a stirling engine comprising a combustion chamber housing, a burner and a recuperator, characterized in that:
The combustion chamber shell consists of an upper shell and a lower shell which are separated, an exhaust pipe is arranged at the top of the combustion chamber shell, and a heat exchanger cylinder is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber shell; the lower shell is connected with the top of the heat exchanger cylinder into a whole;
the top, the lower shell and the upper shell of the heat exchanger cylinder form a combustion chamber space;
a thermal cavity of the Stirling engine is arranged at the lower end of the heat exchanger barrel, and the top of the heat exchanger barrel separates the combustion chamber from the thermal cavity of the Stirling engine;
The combustion chamber shell is internally and sequentially provided with a burner for mixing and burning an oxidant and a liquid fuel from top to bottom and a heat exchanger for exchanging heat of flue gas generated by combustion;
the burner mainly comprises an oil sprayer, an air inlet pipe assembly, a mixing pipe and a cyclone; the air inlet pipe assembly is arranged between the outer side of the fuel injector and the inner side of the exhaust pipe and used for entering an oxidant; the mixing pipe is arranged at the outer side of the fuel injector and positioned below the air inlet pipe assembly and is used for mixing the oxidant with the smoke generated by combustion; the swirler is arranged between the inner wall of the mixing pipe and the outer wall of the oil injector;
The heat exchanger comprises a circle of heat exchange tubes which are arranged in an inverted U shape, wherein one side of each heat exchange tube which is in an inverted U-shaped structure and is close to the inner wall of the combustion chamber shell is a fin side, and the opposite side is a tube side; fins are arranged on the heat exchange tubes at the fin sides and welded with the heat exchange tubes; the bottom end of the fin side of the heat exchange tube is communicated with a thermal cavity of the Stirling engine, the tube side is communicated with the heat regenerator, and working medium flows in the heat exchange tube and absorbs energy from the combustion chamber to form a circulating working medium system;
the air inlet pipe assembly comprises an air inlet manifold sleeved on the outer side of the oil sprayer, a heat insulation sleeve is arranged between the inner wall of the lower end of the air inlet manifold and the outer wall of the oil sprayer, and an oxidant nozzle for passing oxidant is arranged between the heat insulation sleeve and the inner wall of the air inlet manifold.
2. The flameless combustion chamber for a stirling engine of claim 1, wherein:
The fuel injector comprises a fuel inlet pipe, a fuel nozzle connector and a fuel nozzle which are connected in sequence;
The outer wall of the oil nozzle connector is provided with a first boss protruding outwards, the upper surface of the first boss is in contact with the end face of the bottom end of the heat insulation sleeve, and the lower surface of the first boss is connected with the cyclone.
3. The flameless combustion chamber for a stirling engine of claim 1, wherein:
the number of the oxidant nozzles is 4-6, the diameter of each oxidant nozzle is 0.8-1.2 mm, the 4-6 oxidant nozzles are radially distributed by taking the central axis of the air inlet manifold as the center of a circle to form a distribution circle, and the ratio D/D1=0.75-0.9 of the diameter D of the distribution circle to the diameter D1 of the mixing pipe.
4. The flameless combustion chamber for a stirling engine of claim 1, wherein:
The mixing pipe is formed by combining a flow guiding section, a mixing section and a diffusion section from top to bottom in sequence, and is connected with the inner wall of the combustion chamber shell through a plurality of connecting pieces, and the connecting pieces are radially distributed on the outer wall of the mixing pipe.
5. The flameless combustion chamber for a stirling engine of claim 4 wherein:
The inner wall of the mixing section is provided with a second boss protruding inwards, and the second boss is used for supporting the cyclone;
And/or;
The ratio L/d2=0.8-1.2 of the length L of the mixing section to the diameter D2 of the mixing section;
And/or;
the end of the diffusion section far away from the mixing section is outwards expanded, and the expansion angle is 5-10 degrees;
And/or;
The top of the oxidant nozzle is an inlet, and the bottom of the oxidant nozzle is an outlet; the distance between the outlet of the oxidant nozzle to the inlet of the mixing section is greater than 0.7d1.
6. The flameless combustion chamber for a stirling engine of claim 1, wherein:
the cyclone is an axial cyclone, and the cyclone number Sn is more than 0.6.
7. A method of implementation, characterized by: a method of using the stirling engine of any one of claims 1 to 6 with a flameless combustion chamber, comprising the steps of:
the oxidant enters from the air inlet pipe assembly, the flue gas is sucked into the mixing pipe for mixing, and the mixed gas flows through the cyclone to form reflux in a combustion area in the combustion chamber shell;
Liquid fuel enters from the fuel injector, is evaporated and then is mixed with mixed gas flowing through the cyclone to form combustible mixed gas, the combustible mixed gas is subjected to flameless combustion in a combustion zone, flue gas generated by combustion is subjected to heat exchange through the heat exchanger, part of the flue gas after heat exchange flows out of the combustion chamber shell from the exhaust pipe, and the other part of the flue gas is sucked into the mixing pipe to be mixed with oxidant entering from the air inlet pipe assembly, so that the oxygen content of the combustible mixed gas is reduced.
8. The implementation method according to claim 7, characterized in that:
the temperature of the flue gas after heat exchange through the heat exchanger is above 1000K, the flue gas sucked into the mixing pipe is sucked by the guide plate and mixed and diluted with the oxidant entering from the air inlet pipe assembly, so that the oxygen concentration of the combustible mixed gas reaches the concentration of the oxygen content in the air.
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| CN110606175B (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2021-03-30 | 北京航空航天大学 | Mixed working medium for passenger escape rapid injection inflation system |
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| CN110886665A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-03-17 | 上海齐耀动力技术有限公司 | High-temperature tail gas waste heat utilization device based on Stirling engine and Stirling engine |
| CN112344373B (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2023-05-12 | 上海齐耀动力技术有限公司 | Stirling engine dual-mode combustion chamber and implementation method thereof |
| CN113864770B (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2023-08-22 | 华电国际电力股份有限公司天津开发区分公司 | Material returning air system of circulating fluidized bed boiler |
| CN114023469A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-02-08 | 上海齐耀动力技术有限公司 | Hot-gas engine heat exchanger for sodium-cooled fast reactor |
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