CN115852221A - Aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115852221A CN115852221A CN202211648479.0A CN202211648479A CN115852221A CN 115852221 A CN115852221 A CN 115852221A CN 202211648479 A CN202211648479 A CN 202211648479A CN 115852221 A CN115852221 A CN 115852221A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 aluminum titanium boron Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910017818 Cu—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002467 CrFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The application provides an aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components: zr0.08-0.15 wt%, zn 0-0.10 wt%, na 0-0.0005 wt%, be0.0005-0.001 wt%, cu3.9-4.6 wt%, mg1.4-2.0 wt%, ti 0-0.05 wt%, si 0-0.10 wt%, cr 0-0.10 wt%, fe0.10-0.30 wt%, mn0.6-0.9 wt%, and the balance Al, wherein the contents of Zn, na, ti, si, and Cr are not 0. The aluminum alloy provided by the invention has good high-temperature resistance, good ingot casting forming effect, small grain size and high product qualification rate. Experimental results show that the aluminum alloy has good longitudinal performance at room temperature, 150 ℃ and 250 ℃, the grain size is not more than 2 grades, and the porosity is not more than 1 grade.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy materials, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy is a non-ferrous metal structural material obtained by adding one or more other metal or non-metal elements on the basis of pure aluminum, and has higher strength while keeping the light weight of the pure aluminum. Through long-term production practice and scientific experiments, researchers add different elements to obtain a series of aluminum alloys with excellent performance.
The Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy has the characteristics of high strength, good corrosion resistance, excellent forming and processing performances and the like, and is widely applied in the field of aerospace, but the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy is mainly used in a working environment not higher than 100 ℃, and many aerospace devices need to work in a high-temperature environment (higher than 100 ℃), so that the high-temperature resistance of the Al-Cu-Mg aluminum alloy needs to be improved. By adding a proper amount of Zr element into Al-Cu-Mg series aluminum alloy, the high temperature resistance of the Al-Cu-Mg series aluminum alloy can be improved, but the casting forming performance is deteriorated and the product percent of pass is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and the aluminum alloy provided by the invention has high temperature resistance, good casting forming effect and high product yield.
The invention provides an aluminum alloy which comprises the following components:
Zr 0.08～0.15wt％；
Zn 0～0.10wt％；
Na 0～0.0005wt％；
Be 0.0005～0.001wt％；
Cu 3.9～4.6wt％；
Mg 1.4～2.0wt％；
Ti 0～0.05wt％；
Si 0～0.10wt％；
Cr 0～0.10wt％；
Fe 0.10～0.30wt％；
Mn 0.60～0.90wt％；
the balance of Al;
wherein the contents of Zn, na, ti, si and Cr are all not 0.
Preferably, the content of Si is 0 to 0.08wt%.
Preferably, the content of Fe is 0.10 to 0.25wt%.
Preferably, the Zn content is 0 to 0.08wt%.
Preferably, the Na content is 0 to 0.0004wt%.
Preferably, the content of Be is 0.0006 to 0.0009wt%.
Preferably, the Cu content is 4.10 to 4.55wt%.
Preferably, the content of Mg is 1.5 to 1.8wt%.
Preferably, the Mn content is 0.65 to 0.90wt%.
The invention provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy is obtained by sequentially melting raw materials containing Zr, zn, na, be, cu, mg, ti, si, cr, fe, mn and Al, purifying the melt, refining the crystal grains and casting.
Preferably, the melt purging includes in-furnace purging and in-line purging.
Preferably, the hydrogen content after the purification in the furnace is 0 to 0.28mL/100gAl, and the Na content is 0 to 0.001wt%; after on-line purification, the hydrogen content is 0-0.12 mL/100gAl or the solid hydrogen content is 0-0.18 Pg/g, and the Na content is 0-0.0005 wt%.
Preferably, the Ti content is complemented to 0.015-0.025 wt% after melting.
Preferably, the grain refinement is carried out by using an aluminum titanium boron grain refiner.
Preferably, the casting needs to adopt a pure aluminum bedding or a wiper.
Preferably, soaking is also included after the casting.
Preferably, the soaking temperature is 498 ℃, and the soaking time is 18h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides an aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components: 0.08 to 0.15 weight percent of Zr, 0 to 0.10 weight percent of Zn, 0 to 0.0005 weight percent of Na, 0.0005 to 0.001 weight percent of Be, 3.9 to 4.6 weight percent of Cu, 1.4 to 2.0 weight percent of Mg, 0 to 0.05 weight percent of Ti, 0 to 0.10 weight percent of Si, 0 to 0.10 weight percent of Cr, 0.10 to 0.30 weight percent of Fe, 0.60 to 0.9 weight percent of Mn and the balance of Al, wherein the contents of Zn, na, ti, si and Cr are not 0. By adding Zr element and controlling the contents of Si, fe, zn, na, be, cu, mn and Mg elements, the prepared aluminum alloy has good high-temperature resistance, good ingot casting forming effect, small grain size and high product percent of pass. Experimental results show that the grain size of the aluminum alloy provided by the invention is not more than grade 2, the porosity is not more than grade 1, and the aluminum alloy has good longitudinal performance at room temperature, 150 ℃ and 250 ℃.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an aluminum alloy which comprises the following components: 0.08 to 0.15 weight percent of Zr; 0 to 0.10 weight percent of Zn; na 0-0.0005 wt%; be 0.0005-0.001 wt%; 3.9 to 4.6 weight percent of Cu; 1.4 to 2.0 weight percent of Mg; 0 to 0.05 weight percent of Ti; 0 to 0.10 weight percent of Si; 0 to 0.10 weight percent of Cr; 0.10 to 0.30 weight percent of Fe; 0.60 to 0.9 weight percent of Mn and the balance of Al, wherein the contents of Zn, na, ti, si and Cr are not 0.
The aluminum alloy provided by the invention comprises Zr, zn, na, be, cu, mg, ti, si, cr, fe, mn and Al. Wherein the Zr content in the aluminum alloy is 0.08-0.15 wt%, preferably 0.09-0.14 wt%, and more preferably 0.10-0.12%, and the addition of Zr can improve the high-temperature resistance of the aluminum alloy.
The content of Zn in the aluminum alloy is 0-0.10 wt% and is not equal to 0, preferably 0-0.08 wt%, and more preferably 0-0.06 wt%, and the content of Zn is controlled, so that the cracking tendency of the aluminum alloy during casting and welding can be reduced. When the Zn content is more than 0.1wt%, for example, 0.18wt%, the tendency of cracking in the aluminum alloy casting is increased, resulting in defective products.
The Na content in the aluminum alloy is 0 to 0.0005wt%, which is not equal to 0, preferably 0 to 0.0004wt%, and the Na content is controlled to reduce the tendency of cracking during casting of the aluminum alloy. When the Na content is more than 0.0005wt%, for example, 0.0007wt%, the tendency of cracking in the casting of aluminum alloys is increased, resulting in product failure.
The content of Be in the aluminum alloy is 0.0005-0.001 wt%, preferably 0.0006-0.0009 wt%, and the content of Be element is controlled, so that the burning loss and slag inclusion during casting can Be reduced, and the crack tendency during casting of the aluminum alloy can Be reduced. When the content of Be is too low, for example, the content of Be is 0.0001wt%, the tendency to crack during casting increases.
The content of Cu in the aluminum alloy is 3.9-4.6 wt%, preferably 4.10-4.55 wt%, more preferably 4.15-4.55 wt%, the content of Mg is 1.4-2.0 wt%, preferably 1.5-1.8 wt%, more preferably 1.55-1.75 wt%, and the content of Cu and Mg is controlled, so that the high-temperature resistance of the aluminum alloy can be improved. When the content of Cu is high and the content of Mg is low in the aluminum alloy, for example, the content of Cu is 4.70wt% and the content of Mg is 1.5wt%, the high temperature resistance of the aluminum alloy is lowered.
The content of Ti in the aluminum alloy is 0-0.05 wt%, which is not equal to 0, preferably 0.02-0.04 wt%, and Ti is added into the aluminum alloy, so that as-cast crystal grains can be refined, and the crack tendency of the aluminum alloy is reduced.
The Si content in the aluminum alloy is 0-0.10 wt%, which is not equal to 0, preferably 0-0.08 wt%, and an increase in Si content increases the tendency to form cracks during casting and decreases plasticity during riveting, so that the Si content should be reduced as much as possible.
The content of Cr in the aluminum alloy is 0-0.10 wt%, which is not equal to 0, preferably 0-0.005 wt%, and Cr can form (CrFe) Al in the aluminum alloy 7 And (CrMn) Al 12 And the plasticity of the aluminum alloy is reduced by coarse metal compounds.
The content of Fe in the aluminum alloy is 0.10-0.30 wt%, preferably 0.10-0.25 wt%, a certain content of Si in the aluminum alloy can cause the increase of crack tendency and the reduction of plasticity, and in order to eliminate the harmful effect of Si, the content of Fe in the alloy is larger than that of Si; however, if the Fe content is too high, fe forms an insoluble phase with elements such as Cu and Mn, and the Cu content involved in heat treatment strengthening is reduced, thereby lowering the room temperature performance of the aluminum alloy.
The content of Mn in the aluminum alloy is 0.60-0.90 wt%, preferably 0.65-0.90 wt%, the plasticity of the room temperature performance of the aluminum alloy can be reduced due to the excessively high content of Fe in the aluminum alloy, the harmful influence of Fe on the aluminum alloy can be eliminated due to Mn, the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy is improved, the artificial aging process of the aluminum alloy can be delayed and weakened due to Mn, and the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy is improved.
According to the invention, zr element is added into the aluminum alloy, the contents of Si, cr, zn, na and Be elements are controlled, and the contents of Fe, cu, mn, mg, ti and Al elements are adjusted, so that the prepared aluminum alloy has good high temperature resistance, good ingot casting forming effect, small grain size and high product percent of pass.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
the aluminum alloy is obtained by sequentially melting raw materials containing Zr, zn, na, be, cu, mg, ti, si, cr, fe, mn and Al, purifying the melt, refining the crystal grains and casting.
Firstly, smelting raw materials containing Zr, zn, na, be, cu, mg, ti, si, cr, fe, mn and Al; the raw materials of Zr, zn, na, be, cu, mg, ti, si, cr, fe, mn and Al can Be A199.70 grade aluminum ingot, primary scrap, intermediate alloy, additive and pure metal ingredient, and the invention is not limited in this respect.
Specifically, the A199.70 grade aluminum ingot comprises more than or equal to 99.70wt% of Al, less than or equal to 0.20wt% of Fe and less than or equal to 0.10wt% of Si; the primary waste is one or more elements of Zr, zn, na, be, cu, mg, ti, si, cr, fe, mn or Al; the intermediate alloy or the additive consists of Al and one of Zr, be, cu, ti, fe or Mn; the pure metal ingredients are pure metals of Zn, cu and Mg.
In the present invention, the raw materials containing the above elements are melted, either all the raw materials can be mixed and melted, or the raw materials can be melted in batches, and in some possible implementations, the melting is performed at a temperature of 730 to 770 ℃, and the raw materials are preferably stirred during the melting process, for example, manually or mechanically stirred, to obtain a melt.
And after obtaining the melt, purifying the melt. The melt purification comprises furnace purification, online purification and filtration. Firstly, performing furnace purification, wherein in some possible implementations, the furnace purification is gas purification, preferably mixed gas purification, wherein the mixed gas may be a mixed gas of argon and chlorine, and in some possible implementations, the purification time is 10-30 min, preferably 20min; the liquid hydrogen content of the melt after the in-furnace purging is 0 to 0.35mL/100gAl, preferably 0 to 0.28mL/100gAl, and the Na content is 0 to 0.001wt%. After the purification in the furnace is finished, the obtained melt is subjected to on-line purification, the on-line purification is preferably gas purification, more preferably mixed gas purification, wherein the mixed gas can be mixed gas of argon and chlorine, the liquid hydrogen content of the melt after on-line purification is 0-0.15 mL/100gAl, preferably 0-0.12 mL/100gAl, and the Na content is 0-0.0005 wt%. And filtering after the online purification is finished, wherein the filtering is performed by adopting a ceramic filter plate, preferably a foamed ceramic filter plate, and the aperture value of the foamed ceramic filter plate is more than or equal to 40ppi, preferably 40-50 ppi.
After the filtration is finished, the obtained melt is subjected to grain refinement. According to the invention, an aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner is preferably added into the melt for grain refinement, the aluminum-titanium-boron grain refiner is preferably an Al-5Ti-1B grain refiner, and the dosage of the grain refiner is preferably 1.5-2.5 kg/t, and more preferably 1.5-2.2 kg/t.
And casting after grain refinement is completed to obtain the aluminum alloy. The casting comprises bottoming, casting, sawing and soaking. Firstly, paving a bottom, namely paving the bottom by using pure aluminum or using a wiper, wherein when the bottom is paved by using the pure aluminum, the pure aluminum for paving the bottom is preferably an aluminum ingot, more preferably an Al99.70 aluminum ingot, the temperature of an aluminum melt for paving the bottom is 700-780 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum melt for paving the bottom is preferably 740-750 ℃, and the thickness of the aluminum for paving the bottom is 30-80 mm, and is preferably 50-80 mm; when the wiper is used, the initial wiping length is more than or equal to 400mm, and the height of the wiper is 150-300 mm. Casting after bottom paving is finished, wherein in the casting process, the casting speed is 20-30 mm/min, preferably 21-29 mm/min, the temperature of molten aluminum at the tail end of the flow plate is 695-715 ℃, preferably 700-710 ℃, and the flow rate of cooling water is 695-715 DEG C30～70m 3 H, preferably 35 to 65m 3 The cooling water temperature is 20-30 ℃, preferably 22-28 ℃. And starting sawing after casting, wherein in the sawing process, the specification of the ingot is phi 600-700 mm, the cut gate part is 180-220 mm, preferably 200mm, and the cut bottom is 280-320 mm, preferably 300mm.
After the sawing is finished, soaking the obtained aluminum alloy, in the soaking process, the furnace temperature is reduced to 50-150 ℃, then the aluminum alloy is charged into the furnace, preferably 80-150 ℃, the aluminum alloy is charged into the furnace for 30-60 min and then is powered on, preferably 30min, and the fan is reversed in the heating process for 10-20 min. Heating to 530 ℃, and keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy at 498 ℃ for 18-30 h, preferably 18-24 h. If necessary, the aluminum alloy can be heated to 250 ℃ and kept at the temperature of 250 ℃ for 2-4 h, then heated to 350 ℃ and kept at the temperature of 350 ℃ for 1-3 h, finally heated to 530 ℃, and kept at the temperature of 498 ℃ for 18-30 h, preferably 18-24 h. And obtaining the aluminum alloy after soaking. Specific soaking parameters are shown in table 1 below, and table 2 can be used if the conditions are running.
TABLE 1 2124-1 alloy ingot casting soaking system
TABLE 2 2124-1 alloy ingot casting soaking system
And carrying out performance detection, macroscopic structure detection, chemical composition detection and liquid hydrogen content detection on the obtained aluminum alloy. The macrostructure detection method is GB/T3246.2 tissue detection method for deformed aluminum and aluminum alloy products-part 2 macrostructure detection method, the detection methods for chemical component detection are GB/T20975 aluminum alloy analysis method and GB/T7999 aluminum and aluminum alloy photoelectric direct-reading emission spectrum analysis method, the detection method for liquid hydrogen content detection is YS/T600 closed cycle method for liquid hydrogen measurement method for aluminum and aluminum alloy, and the detection method for mechanical properties is GB/T228.1-2010 part 1 of metal material tensile test: room temperature test method and GB/T228.2-2015 "metallic Material tensile test part 2: high temperature test methods.
The aluminum alloy provided by the invention has high temperature resistance, good casting and forming effects, high product percent of pass, small grain size, and high structure uniformity and stability.
The present invention will be further described with reference to comparative examples and examples.
Comparative example 1:
the aluminum alloy is prepared according to the following formula by the following method:
zr 0.101wt%, zn 0.18wt%, cr 0.005wt%, na 0.0007wt%, be 0.0007wt%, cu 4.55wt%, mg 1.52wt%, ti 0.031wt%, si 0.04wt%, fe 0.22wt%, mn 0.68wt%, and the balance Al.
(1) The raw materials of Al99.70 grade aluminum ingots, primary waste materials, intermediate alloy and pure metal ingredients are added into a smelting furnace according to the formula in several times, the raw materials are melted at the furnace gas temperature of 1050 ℃ at the maximum, mechanical stirring is carried out in the melting process, and a melt is obtained after the melting is finished.
(2) Sampling the melt, analyzing the content of each component, adjusting the content of the components, taking the content of the components in the formula as a target value, if the content of the elements is lower than the target value, adding an intermediate alloy containing certain elements until the target value is reached, and if the content of the elements exceeds the target value, adding an aluminum ingot into the furnace, and reducing the overproof elements to the target value to enable the overproof elements to meet the formula. Wherein, the content of Ti is complemented to 0.015wt percent.
(3) After the component content is adjusted, purifying the melt in a furnace by adopting mixed gas of argon and chlorine for 20min, wherein the liquid hydrogen content of the purified melt is 0.25mL/100gAl; after the purification in the furnace is finished, performing online purification by using mixed gas of argon and chlorine, and pretreating the melt by changing an idle mode into a treatment mode 15min before casting, wherein the liquid hydrogen content of the melt after online purification is 0.12mL/100gAl; after on-line purification, the melt was filtered with a 40-50 ppi ceramic foam filter plate.
(4) And (4) after filtering, refining the crystal grains of the melt obtained in the step (3) by adopting A1-5Ti-1B wires, wherein the using amount is 1.4kg/t.
(5) After the grain refinement is finished, starting casting, laying the bottom of the Al99.70 ingot, wherein the temperature of the Al99.70 ingot is 750 ℃, the thickness of the A199.70 aluminum ingot is 60mm, the casting speed is 22mm/min, the temperature of aluminum liquid at the tail end of the flow plate is 700 ℃, the temperature of cooling water is 27 ℃, and the flow rate of the cooling water is 65m 3 /h。
In the casting process, the aluminum alloy has cracks and is completely scrapped and unqualified.
Comparative example 2:
the aluminum alloy is prepared according to the following formula by the following method:
zr 0.11wt%, zn 0.03wt%, cr 0.004wt%, na 0.0003wt%, be 0.0001wt%, cu 4.48wt%, mg 1.59wt%, ti 0.022wt%, si 0.04wt%, fe 0.25wt%, mn 0.68wt%, and the balance of Al.
(1) Adding raw materials of Al99.70 grade aluminum ingots, primary waste, intermediate alloy and pure metal ingredients into a smelting furnace according to the formula in several times, melting the raw materials at the furnace gas temperature of 1050 ℃ at the maximum, and mechanically stirring in the melting process; after the melting is completed, a melt is obtained.
(2) Sampling the melt, analyzing the content of each component, adjusting the content of the components, taking the content of the components in the formula as a target value, if the content of the elements is lower than the target value, adding an intermediate alloy containing certain elements until the target value is reached, if the content of the elements exceeds the target value, adding an aluminum ingot into the furnace, and reducing the overproof elements to the target value to enable the overproof elements to meet the content of the components. Wherein, the content of Ti is complemented to 0.015wt percent.
(3) After the component content is adjusted, purifying the mixture gas of argon and chlorine in the furnace for 18min, wherein the liquid hydrogen content of the purified melt is 0.24mL/100gAl; after the purification in the furnace is finished, adopting mixed gas of argon and chlorine for on-line purification, changing an idle mode of a degassing device into a treatment mode for pretreating the melt 15min before casting, wherein the liquid hydrogen content of the melt after on-line purification is 0.13mL/100gAl; after on-line purification, the melt was filtered with a 40-50 ppi ceramic foam filter plate.
(4) After filtering, the melt obtained in the step (3) is refined by A1-5Ti-1B wires, and the dosage is 1.4kg/t.
(5) After the grain refinement is finished, casting is started, an Al99.70 aluminum ingot is used for laying a bottom, the temperature of the Al99.70 aluminum ingot is 750 ℃, the thickness of the Al99.70 aluminum ingot is 50mm, the casting speed is 22mm/min, the temperature of aluminum liquid at the tail end of a flow disc is 701 ℃, the temperature of cooling water is 24 ℃, and the flow rate of the cooling water is 65m 3 /h。
In the process of casting the aluminum alloy, two of the three cast aluminum alloys have multiple times of blasting, cracking and scrapping, and the percent of pass is low.
Comparative example 3:
the aluminum alloy is prepared according to the following formula by the following method:
0.10wt% of Zr, 0.06wt% of Zn, 0.005wt% of Cr, 0.0003wt% of Na, 0.0006wt% of Be, 4.70wt% of Cu, 1.5wt% of Mg, 0.03wt% of Ti, 0.04wt% of Si, 0.11wt% of Fe, 0.68wt% of Mn and the balance of Al.
(1) The raw materials of Al99.70 grade aluminum ingots, primary waste materials, intermediate alloy and pure metal ingredients are added into a smelting furnace according to the formula in several times, the raw materials are melted at the furnace gas temperature of 1050 ℃ at the maximum, mechanical stirring is carried out in the melting process, and a melt is obtained after the melting is finished.
(2) Sampling the melt, analyzing the content of each component, adjusting the content of the components, taking the content of the components in the formula as a target value, if the content of the elements is lower than the target value, adding a certain intermediate alloy containing the elements until the target value is reached, and if the content of the elements exceeds the target value, adding an aluminum ingot into the furnace, and reducing the excessive elements to the target value to enable the excessive elements to meet the content of the components. Wherein, the content of Ti is complemented to 0.015wt percent.
(3) After the component content is adjusted, purifying the mixture gas of argon and chlorine in the furnace for 18min, wherein the liquid hydrogen content of the purified melt is 0.27mL/100gAl; after the purification in the furnace is finished, online purification is carried out by adopting mixed gas of argon and chlorine, the melt is pretreated by changing an idle mode into a treatment mode 15min before casting, and the liquid hydrogen content of the melt after online purification is 0.12mL/100gAl; after on-line purification, the melt was filtered with a 40-50 ppi ceramic foam filter plate.
(4) After filtering, refining the crystal grains of the melt obtained in the step (3) by adopting A1-5Ti-1B wires, wherein the using amount is 1.4kg/t.
(5) After the grain refinement is finished, starting casting, laying the bottom of the aluminum ingot with Al99.70, wherein the temperature of the Al99.70 aluminum ingot is 750 ℃, the thickness of the Al99.70 aluminum ingot is 50mm, the casting speed is 28mm/min, the temperature of aluminum liquid at the tail end of the flow disc is 701 ℃, the temperature of cooling water is 24 ℃, and the flow rate of the cooling water is 35m 3 /h。
The high temperature resistance of the aluminum alloy obtained by casting is poor, the longitudinal performance of the aluminum alloy meets the requirement at room temperature, the tensile strength of the longitudinal performance is unqualified for 5 batches at the temperature of 150 ℃, the allowance for 3 batches is very small, and the elongation is unqualified for 1 batch; at the temperature of 250 ℃, the tensile strength of longitudinal properties of 12 batches is unqualified, the allowance of 11 batches is very small, and the elongation of 40 batches is unqualified.
Example 1:
the aluminum alloy is prepared according to the following formula by the following method:
0.10wt% of Zr, 0.03wt% of Zn, 0.003wt% of Cr, 0.0005wt% of Na, 0.0006wt% of Be, 4.52wt% of Cu, 1.62wt% of Mg, 0.03wt% of Ti, 0.03wt% of Si, 0.11wt% of Fe, 0.65wt% of Mn and the balance of Al.
(1) Adding raw materials A199.70 grade aluminum ingot, primary waste, intermediate alloy and pure metal ingredients into a smelting furnace according to the formula in a grading manner, melting the raw materials at the furnace gas temperature of 1050 ℃ at the maximum, and manually or mechanically stirring in the melting process; after the melting is completed, a melt is obtained.
(2) Sampling the melt, analyzing the content of each component, adjusting the content of the components, taking the content of the components in the formula as a target value, if the content of the elements is lower than the target value, adding an intermediate alloy containing certain elements until the target value is reached, and if the content of the elements exceeds the target value, adding an aluminum ingot into the furnace, and reducing the excessive elements to the target value to enable the excessive elements to meet the formula. Wherein, the content of Ti is up to 0.022 wt%.
(3) After the component content is adjusted, purifying the inside of the furnace by adopting mixed gas of argon and chlorine for 20min, wherein the liquid hydrogen content of the purified melt is 0.25mL/100gAl; after the purification in the furnace is finished, online purification is carried out by adopting mixed gas of argon and chlorine, the melt is pretreated by changing an idle mode into a treatment mode 15min before casting, and the liquid hydrogen content of the melt after online purification is 0.10mL/100gAl; after on-line purification, the melt was filtered with a 40-50 ppi ceramic foam filter plate.
(4) After filtering, refining the melt obtained in the step (3) by adopting Al-5Ti-1B wires, wherein the using amount is 1.6kg/t.
(5) After the grain refinement is finished, starting casting, laying the bottom of the aluminum ingot with Al99.70, wherein the temperature of the Al99.70 aluminum ingot is 750 ℃, the thickness of the Al99.70 aluminum ingot is 50mm, the casting speed is 22mm/min, the temperature of aluminum liquid at the tail end of the flow disc is 703 ℃, the temperature of cooling water is 27 ℃, and the flow rate of the cooling water is 65m 3 And h, in the sawing process, the specification is phi 670mm, the gate part is cut to 200mm, and the bottom part is cut to 300mm.
(6) Soaking the cast aluminum alloy, cooling the furnace to 120 ℃, charging for 30min, then transmitting power, heating to 530 ℃, preserving heat of the aluminum alloy at 498 ℃ for 18h.
The aluminum alloy obtained by casting is completely qualified, the grain size of the aluminum alloy is 1.5 grade, the porosity is 1 grade, the liquid hydrogen content is 0.10mL/100gAl, and the longitudinal performance of the aluminum alloy at room temperature, 150 ℃ and 250 ℃ meets the requirements.
Example 2:
the aluminum alloy is prepared according to the following formula by the following method:
0.10wt% of Zr, 0.04wt% of Zn, 0.005wt% of Cr, 0.0004wt% of Na, 0.0007wt% of Be, 4.59wt% of Cu, 1.54wt% of Mg, 0.02wt% of Ti, 0.04wt% of Si, 0.13wt% of Fe, 0.65wt% of Mn and the balance of Al.
(1) The raw material A199.70 grade aluminum ingot, the primary waste, the intermediate alloy and the pure metal are added into a smelting furnace according to the formula in several times, the raw material is melted at the furnace gas temperature of 1050 ℃ at the maximum, manual or mechanical stirring is carried out in the melting process, and the melt is obtained after the melting is finished.
(2) Sampling the melt, analyzing the content of each component, adjusting the content of the components, taking the content of the components in the formula as a target value, if the content of the elements is lower than the target value, adding an intermediate alloy containing certain elements until the target value is reached, and if the content of the elements exceeds the target value, adding an aluminum ingot into the furnace, and reducing the overproof elements to the target value to enable the overproof elements to meet the formula. Wherein, the content of Ti is up to 0.025wt%.
(3) After the component content is adjusted, purifying the inside of the furnace by adopting mixed gas of argon and chlorine for 20min, wherein the liquid hydrogen content of the purified melt is 0.23mL/100gAl; after the purification in the furnace is finished, adopting mixed gas of argon and chlorine for on-line purification, changing an idle mode of a degassing device into a treatment mode for pretreating the melt 15min before casting, wherein the liquid hydrogen content of the melt after on-line purification is 0.09mL/100gAl; after on-line purification, the melt was filtered with a 40-50 ppi ceramic foam filter plate.
(4) After filtering, refining the crystal grains of the melt obtained in the step (3) by adopting A1-5Ti-1B wires, wherein the using amount is 1.6kg/t.
(5) After the grain refinement is finished, starting casting, laying the bottom of the aluminum ingot with Al99.70, wherein the temperature of the Al99.70 aluminum ingot is 750 ℃, the thickness of the Al99.70 aluminum ingot is 60mm, the casting speed is 22mm/min, the temperature of aluminum liquid at the tail end of the flow disc is 705 ℃, the temperature of cooling water is 26 ℃, and the flow rate of the cooling water is 60m 3 And h, in the sawing process, the specification is phi 670mm, the gate part is cut by 200mm, and the bottom is cut by 300mm.
(6) Soaking the cast aluminum alloy, cooling the furnace to 150 ℃, charging for 50min, then transmitting power, heating to 530 ℃, preserving heat of the aluminum alloy at 498 ℃ for 18h.
The aluminum alloy obtained by casting is completely qualified, the grain size of the aluminum alloy is 1.5 grade, the porosity is 1 grade, the liquid hydrogen content is 0.09mL/100gAl, and the longitudinal performance of the aluminum alloy at room temperature, 150 ℃ and 250 ℃ meets the requirements.
Example 3:
the aluminum alloy is prepared according to the following formula by the following method:
zr 0.114wt%, zn 0.05wt%, na 0.0003wt%, be 0.0007wt%, cu 4.44wt%, mg 1.55wt%, ti 0.03wt%, si 0.04wt%, cr 0.004wt%, fe 0.18wt%, mn 0.69wt%, and the balance Al.
(1) The raw material A199.70 grade aluminum ingot, the primary waste, the intermediate alloy and the pure metal are added into a smelting furnace according to the formula in several times, the raw material is melted at the furnace gas temperature of 1050 ℃ at the maximum, manual or mechanical stirring is adopted in the melting process, and a melt is obtained after the melting is completed.
(2) Sampling the melt, analyzing the content of each component, adjusting the content of the components, taking the content of the components in the formula as a target value, if the content of the elements is lower than the target value, adding an intermediate alloy containing certain elements until the target value is reached, and if the content of the elements exceeds the target value, adding an aluminum ingot into the furnace, and reducing the overproof elements to the target value to enable the overproof elements to meet the formula. Wherein, the content of Ti is complemented to 0.023 wt%.
(3) After the component content is adjusted, purifying the inside of the furnace by adopting mixed gas of argon and chlorine for 20min, wherein the liquid hydrogen content of the purified melt is 0.24mL/100gAl; after the purification in the furnace is finished, online purification is carried out by adopting mixed gas of argon and chlorine, the melt is pretreated by changing an idle mode into a treatment mode 15min before casting, and the liquid hydrogen content of the melt after online purification is 0.10mL/100gAl; after on-line purification, the melt was filtered with a 40-50 ppi ceramic foam filter plate.
(4) After filtering, refining the crystal grains of the melt obtained in the step (3) by adopting A1-5Ti-1B wires, wherein the using amount is 1.6kg/t.
(5) After the grain refinement is finished, starting casting, laying the bottom of the aluminum ingot with Al99.70, wherein the temperature of the Al99.70 aluminum ingot is 750 ℃, the thickness of the Al99.70 aluminum ingot is 60mm, the casting speed is 21mm/min, the temperature of aluminum liquid at the tail end of the flow disc is 707 ℃, the temperature of cooling water is 25 ℃, and the flow of the cooling water is 50m 3 And h, in the sawing process, the specification is phi 670mm, the gate part is cut by 200mm, and the bottom is cut by 300mm.
(6) Soaking the cast aluminum alloy, cooling the furnace to 150 ℃, charging for 50min, then transmitting power, heating to 530 ℃, preserving heat of the aluminum alloy at 498 ℃ for 18h.
The aluminum alloy obtained by casting is completely qualified, the grain size of the aluminum alloy is 1.5 grade, the porosity is 1 grade, the liquid hydrogen content is 0.10mL/100gAl, and the longitudinal performance of the aluminum alloy at room temperature, 150 ℃ and 250 ℃ meets the requirements.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An aluminum alloy, comprising:
Zr 0.08～0.15wt％；
Zn 0～0.10wt％；
Na 0～0.0005wt％；
Be 0.0005～0.001wt％；
Cu 3.9～4.6wt％；
Mg 1.4～2.0wt％；
Ti 0～0.05wt％；
Si 0～0.10wt％；
Cr 0～0.10wt％；
Fe 0.10～0.30wt％；
Mn 0.60～0.90wt％；
the balance of Al;
wherein the contents of Zn, na, ti, si and Cr are all not 0.
2. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy is in the form of a powder
The content of Si is 0-0.08 wt%;
the content of Fe is 0.10-0.25 wt%;
the Zn content is 0 to 0.08wt percent;
the content of Na is 0 to 0.0004wt percent;
the content of Be is 0.0006 to 0.0009 weight percent;
the content of Cu is 4.10-4.55 wt%;
the content of Mg is 1.5 to 1.8 weight percent;
the content of Mn is 0.65-0.90 wt%.
3. A method for producing the aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising:
the aluminum alloy is obtained by sequentially melting raw materials containing Zr, zn, na, be, cu, mg, ti, si, cr, fe, mn and Al, purifying the melt, refining the crystal grains and casting.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the melt purge comprises an in-furnace purge and an in-line purge.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the hydrogen content after the in-furnace purging is 0 to 0.28mL/100gAl, and the Na content is 0 to 0.001wt%; after on-line purification, the hydrogen content is 0-0.12 mL/100gAl or the solid hydrogen content is 0-0.18 mu g/g, and the Na content is 0-0.0005 wt%.
6. A method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the Ti content is made up to 0.015-0.025 wt% after said melting.
7. The production method according to claim 3, wherein the grain refinement is performed using an aluminum titanium boron grain refiner.
8. The method of claim 3, wherein the casting is carried out using a pure aluminum backing or a wiper.
9. A method of manufacturing as claimed in claim 3 further comprising heat soaking after the casting.
10. The preparation method according to claim 9, wherein the soaking temperature is 498 ℃ and the soaking time is 18 hours.
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| CN108085546A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-05-29 | 营口忠旺铝业有限公司 | A kind of 2024 aluminium alloy smelting casting methods |
| CN109957691A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-07-02 | 广西南南铝加工有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of wide cut alclad sheet super large slab ingot |
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| CN108085546A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-05-29 | 营口忠旺铝业有限公司 | A kind of 2024 aluminium alloy smelting casting methods |
| CN109957691A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-07-02 | 广西南南铝加工有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of wide cut alclad sheet super large slab ingot |
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