CN115851230B - Ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005413 snowmelt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- LUYGICHXYUCIFA-UHFFFAOYSA-H calcium;dimagnesium;hexaacetate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O LUYGICHXYUCIFA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007798 antifreeze agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention provides an ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of snow-melting agents. The ultralow temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent is prepared from 15.5-30 parts of ethylene glycol, 6-7 parts of magnesium nitrate, 3-4 parts of urea, 9-11 parts of sodium acetate, 6-7 parts of sodium formate and 41-55.5 parts of water by mixing solid raw materials, then mixing liquid raw materials, and finally mixing the solid mixture with the liquid mixture to obtain the ultralow temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent. The ultra-low temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent has the advantages of freezing point as low as-44 ℃, relative snow-melting and ice-melting capability as high as 355%, high snow-melting speed, small consumption and good anti-freezing effect, and can be used in cold areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of snow-melting agents, in particular to an ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The normal operation of traffic transportation is seriously influenced by road snow ice in winter, the blockage of road traffic can be aggravated by long-time snow coverage, if the snow is not removed timely, once the snow is continuously compacted under the action of vehicle running load, the friction coefficient of the road surface and tires can be reduced, traffic accidents such as rear-end collision and the like are most likely to occur, and a large amount of economic losses and casualties are caused.
The snow-removing agent can prevent snow on roads from icing in winter, quickly remove ice and snow on the roads, reduce the incidence rate of road traffic accidents, improve the traffic capacity and the safety of roads in ice and snow weather, become the primary work of road maintenance departments in winter, and also serve the purpose of developing and producing snow-removing agent project products. At present, the method for removing ice and snow on roads is still more traditional, mainly uses manual and mechanical to spread solid chloride salt for removing snow, but has lower efficiency of manual mechanical snow removal, and snow removing mechanical equipment can seal roads normally during construction, so that traffic stagnation is caused, and traffic is prevented from entering a traffic lane even under the condition of not sealing roads, so that traffic is blocked more.
Snow melt agent is widely used as a common snow removing method due to its high snow removing efficiency. The currently used snow-melting agent mainly contains chloride salts such as sodium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and the like, has stronger corrosiveness to road infrastructure, and the accumulation of chloride ions in soil and water can damage the ecological environment around the road. The non-chlorine snow-melting agent Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) eradicates the harm of chloride ions, has the characteristics of low corrosiveness, biodegradability, good ice melting effect and the like, but has high cost, is easy to form dust during spreading, and cannot be popularized and applied in a large area. Thus, today, where safe green traffic is advocated, there is an urgent need to develop a low-corrosiveness, low-cost, and relatively environmentally friendly liquid snow-melting agent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent and a preparation method thereof, which solve the technical problems of high corrosiveness, high cost and environmental pollution of the snow-melting agent in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
The invention provides an ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 15.5 to 30 parts of ethylene glycol, 6 to 7 parts of magnesium nitrate, 3 to 4 parts of urea, 9 to 11 parts of sodium acetate, 6 to 7 parts of sodium formate and 41 to 55.5 parts of water.
Further, the ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 19-26 parts of ethylene glycol, 7 parts of magnesium nitrate, 4 parts of urea, 11 parts of sodium acetate, 7 parts of sodium formate and 46-52 parts of water.
Further, the ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 26 parts of ethylene glycol, 6 parts of magnesium nitrate, 3 parts of urea, 9 parts of sodium acetate, 6 parts of sodium formate and 50 parts of water.
The invention provides a preparation method of an ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing magnesium nitrate, urea, sodium acetate and sodium formate according to parts by weight to obtain a solid mixture;
(2) And (3) mixing ethylene glycol and water according to parts by weight, and mixing the obtained liquid mixture with the solid mixture obtained in the step (1) to obtain the ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The ethylene glycol in the raw material of the ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent is an antifreezing agent, so that the freezing point of the snow-melting agent can be greatly reduced, the pH value of the snow-melting agent can be maintained near neutrality, and the corrosiveness to roads and bridges can be reduced; magnesium nitrate and sodium acetate can also greatly reduce the freezing point of the snow-melting agent, the low cost of the snow-melting agent is ensured, urea is a soil fertilizer and a good antifreeze agent, sodium formate has good water solubility, and the snow-melting agent has the advantages of high ice-melting speed, strong capability, easy degradation after use, low biochemical oxygen consumption and small influence on environment.
(2) The ultralow-temperature environment-friendly liquid snow-melting agent is prepared by adopting magnesium nitrate, urea, sodium acetate, sodium formate and ethylene glycol as main raw materials and stirring and mixing, has a freezing point as low as-44 ℃ under the combined action of the magnesium nitrate, urea, sodium acetate, sodium formate and an organic solution, has a relative snow-melting and ice-melting capacity of 355%, has a high snow-melting speed, has a small consumption and a good anti-freezing effect, and can be effectively used in cold areas.
(3) The pH value of the environment-friendly snow-melting agent prepared by the invention is 8.0, the corrosion rate of the environment-friendly snow-melting agent to carbon steel is 0.01mm/a, the environment-friendly snow-melting agent has no corrosiveness to bridges, roads, underground pipelines, vehicles and the like, the service life of the roads is not affected, the content of chloride ions and heavy metals is extremely low after detection, the pollution to underground and surface water sources is not generated, the snow-melting agent also contains nutrient elements necessary for plant growth, the relative damage rate of plant seeds is low, no sediment is generated in the process of using the snow-melting agent, and the environment pollution is small.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 15.5 to 30 parts of ethylene glycol, 6 to 7 parts of magnesium nitrate, 3 to 4 parts of urea, 9 to 11 parts of sodium acetate, 6 to 7 parts of sodium formate and 41 to 55.5 parts of water.
In the invention, the ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent is preferably prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 19-26 parts of ethylene glycol, 7 parts of magnesium nitrate, 4 parts of urea, 11 parts of sodium acetate, 7 parts of sodium formate and 46-52 parts of water.
In the invention, the ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent is preferably prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 26 parts of ethylene glycol, 6 parts of magnesium nitrate, 3 parts of urea, 9 parts of sodium acetate, 6 parts of sodium formate and 50 parts of water.
In the invention, the snow-melting agent is a light-colored homogeneous liquid.
The invention provides a preparation method of an ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing magnesium nitrate, urea, sodium acetate and sodium formate according to parts by weight to obtain a solid mixture;
(2) And (3) mixing ethylene glycol and water according to parts by weight, and mixing the obtained liquid mixture with the solid mixture obtained in the step (1) to obtain the ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent.
In the invention, the mixed ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent flows into the intermediate tank, circulates back to the stirring tank through the intermediate tank to fully and uniformly mix the ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent, and is then input into the sprinkler through the liquid storage tank for spreading.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Mixing 7 parts of magnesium nitrate, 4 parts of urea, 11 parts of sodium acetate and 7 parts of sodium formate to obtain a solid mixture, mixing 30 parts of ethylene glycol with 41 parts of water to obtain a liquid mixture, and finally mixing the solid mixture and the liquid mixture to obtain the ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent.
Example 2
Mixing 6 parts of magnesium nitrate, 3 parts of urea, 9 parts of sodium acetate and 6 parts of sodium formate to obtain a solid mixture, mixing 26 parts of ethylene glycol with 50 parts of water to obtain a liquid mixture, and finally mixing the solid mixture and the liquid mixture to obtain the ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent.
Example 3
Mixing 7 parts of magnesium nitrate, 4 parts of urea, 11 parts of sodium acetate and 7 parts of sodium formate to obtain a solid mixture, mixing 25 parts of ethylene glycol with 46 parts of water to obtain a liquid mixture, and finally mixing the solid mixture and the liquid mixture to obtain the ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent.
Example 4
Mixing 7 parts of magnesium nitrate, 4 parts of urea, 11 parts of sodium acetate and 7 parts of sodium formate to obtain a solid mixture, mixing 23 parts of ethylene glycol with 48 parts of water to obtain a liquid mixture, and finally mixing the solid mixture and the liquid mixture to obtain the ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent.
Example 5
Mixing 7 parts of magnesium nitrate, 4 parts of urea, 11 parts of sodium acetate and 7 parts of sodium formate to obtain a solid mixture, mixing 19 parts of ethylene glycol with 52 parts of water to obtain a liquid mixture, and finally mixing the solid mixture and the liquid mixture to obtain the ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent.
Example 6
7 Parts of magnesium nitrate, 4 parts of urea, 11 parts of sodium acetate and 7 parts of sodium formate are mixed to obtain a solid mixture, 15.5 parts of ethylene glycol and 55.5 parts of water are mixed to obtain a liquid mixture, and finally the solid mixture and the liquid mixture are mixed to obtain the ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent.
The snow-melting and deicing capacities, the freezing points and the pH values of the snow-melting agents of the ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agents prepared in examples 1 to 6 are measured:
1. determination of snow melting and ice melting capacity
The snow-melting and deicing capacity of the snow-melting agent prepared by the six embodiments of the invention is measured according to the national standard GB/T23851-2017, and the test method is as follows:
15.00mL of water was placed in a 50mL beaker, and the beaker was placed in an incubator at-10.+ -. 1 ℃ to be frozen for 3 hours, and ice was made ready for use. Then 25.00mL of the snow-melting agent solution prepared by the invention is removed and put into a 50mL beaker, and the beaker is placed into a low-temperature incubator at-15+/-1 ℃ for 3 hours for standby. The beaker with ice cubes was taken out of the cryostat, the water and ice on the outer wall were wiped dry, and the beaker was rapidly weighed to the nearest 0.1g at room temperature. Taking out the snow-melting agent test solution in the low-temperature incubator, rapidly pouring the snow-melting agent test solution into a beaker filled with ice cubes, and then putting the beaker back into the low-temperature incubator at-15+/-1 ℃. After 0.5h the beaker was removed and the liquid was immediately poured and the beaker and the mass of remaining ice were rapidly weighed at room temperature. The CaCl 2·2H2 O solution was operated in the same manner as the snowmelt solution.
Calculation results:
The relative snow and ice melting capacity is calculated in omega 1 according to the following formula:
m 0 is the mass of the beaker and the ice block when no snow melt agent is added, and the unit is gram (g); m 1 is the mass of the beaker and remaining ice cubes in grams (g) after pouring out the snow melt agent solution and melted ice; m' 0 is the mass of beaker and ice cubes in grams (g) when no CaCl 2·2H2 O solution (type II) is added; m' 1 is the mass of the beaker and remaining ice pieces in grams (g) after pouring out the CaCl 2·2H2 O solution (type II) and melted ice.
Table 1 results of relative snow and ice melting ability test of the snow-melting agents prepared in examples 1 to 6
| Sequence number | Relative snow-melting and ice-melting capacity omega 1 |
| Example 1 | 173.06％ |
| Example 2 | 145.00％ |
| Example 3 | 138.06％ |
| Example 4 | 122.50％ |
| Example 5 | 105.00％ |
| Example 6 | 101.11％ |
The snow melting performance is a core index for evaluating the snow melting agent, and the snow melting agent can be industrialized only if a certain standard is met. Table 1 shows the results of performance tests of the snow-melting agents prepared in examples 1 to 6 of the present invention, and the relative snow-melting and ice-melting capability of the snow-melting agents is not lower than 90% of CaCl 2·2H2 O specified in the national standard GB/T23851-2017, and the snow-melting and ice-melting properties of the snow-melting agents obtained in Table 1 are superior to the standard, which indicates that the snow-melting agents provided by the present invention have a relatively strong snow-melting capability.
2. Determination of freezing point of snow-melting agent
The freezing point values were determined for the snow-melting agents formulated in examples 1 to 6 according to the test method in specification SYT 0541-2009.
Table 2 freeze point test results of snow-melting agents prepared in examples 1 to 6
3. Determination of the pH value of snow-melting agent
According to the test method in national standard GB/T23851-2017, the pH value of the liquid snow-melting agent is measured, and the pH values of the liquid snow-melting agents obtained in the embodiments 1-6 are 8.0, so that the liquid snow-melting agent meets the national standard requirement (the pH value of the liquid snow-melting agent is 6.0-10.0).
The ultralow temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent prepared in the example 1 is subjected to other performance tests, and the test process and the result are as follows:
1. Determination of corrosiveness to carbon steel
According to the test method in national standard GB/T23851-2017, the corrosiveness of the liquid snow-melting agent of the embodiment 1 on carbon steel is measured, and the carbon steel corrosion rate of the liquid snow-melting agent is measured to be 0.01mm/a, and the national standard requirement is less than or equal to 0.11mm/a.
2. Determination of the Friction-attenuation Rate of pavement
According to the test method in national standard GB/T23851-2017, the value of the liquid snow-melting agent of the example 1 on the road surface friction attenuation rate is measured, and the road surface friction attenuation rate of the liquid snow-melting agent is 6.8% and the national standard requirement is less than or equal to 10%.
3. Determination of relative seed damage rate
The relative damage rate of the liquid snow-melting agent of example 1 to plant seeds was measured according to the test method in national standard GB/T23851-2017. The relative damage rate of plant seeds of the liquid snow-melting agent is measured to be 18.2%, and the national standard requirement is less than or equal to 50%.
4. Determination of chloride ion content in snow-melting agent
According to the test method in national standard GB/T23851-2017, the content of chloride ions in the liquid snow-melting agent of the embodiment 1 is measured by using an ion chromatograph, and the content of chloride ions in the liquid snow-melting agent is measured to be 0.01%, and the national standard requirement is less than or equal to 1.0%.
Table 3 shows a report of the detection of the snow-melting agent according to the invention in example 1
According to the embodiment, the invention provides the ultralow temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent and the preparation method thereof, wherein the ultralow temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent is prepared from 15.5-30 parts of ethylene glycol, 6-7 parts of magnesium nitrate, 3-4 parts of urea, 9-11 parts of sodium acetate, 6-7 parts of sodium formate and 41-55.5 parts of water, and the ultralow temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent is prepared by mixing solid raw materials, then mixing liquid raw materials, and finally mixing the solid mixture with the liquid mixture. The ultra-low temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent has the advantages of freezing point as low as-44 ℃, relative snow-melting and ice-melting capability as high as 355%, high snow-melting speed, small consumption, good anti-freezing effect and effective use in cold areas.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 15.5 to 30 parts of ethylene glycol, 6 to 7 parts of magnesium nitrate, 3 to 4 parts of urea, 9 to 11 parts of sodium acetate, 6 to 7 parts of sodium formate and 41 to 55.5 parts of water.
2. The ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 19-26 parts of ethylene glycol, 7 parts of magnesium nitrate, 4 parts of urea, 11 parts of sodium acetate, 7 parts of sodium formate and 46-52 parts of water.
3. The ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 26 parts of ethylene glycol, 6 parts of magnesium nitrate, 3 parts of urea, 9 parts of sodium acetate, 6 parts of sodium formate and 50 parts of water.
4. A method for preparing the ultralow temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent as defined in any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Mixing magnesium nitrate, urea, sodium acetate and sodium formate according to parts by weight to obtain a solid mixture;
(2) And (3) mixing ethylene glycol and water according to parts by weight, and mixing the obtained liquid mixture with the solid mixture obtained in the step (1) to obtain the ultralow-temperature liquid environment-friendly snow-melting agent.
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