CN115851070A - Anti-oxidation ablation-resistant coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Anti-oxidation ablation-resistant coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-oxidation ablation-resistant coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the anti-oxidation ablation-resistant coating comprises an inner heat-insulating layer and an outer ablation-resistant layer; the internal heat insulation layer comprises 50-70 parts by weight of phenolic resin, 15-50 parts by weight of organosilane, 10-40 parts by weight of solvent, 5-15 parts by weight of catalyst, 1-5 parts by weight of nano ceramic powder, 1-5 parts by weight of active metal powder, 5-15 parts by weight of hollow microspheres, 1-5 parts by weight of chopped fibers and 5-25 parts by weight of zirconium-silicon ceramic precursor cracking powder; the external ablation layer comprises 50-70 parts by weight of phenolic resin, 5-15 parts by weight of organosilane, 10-30 parts by weight of solvent, 5-15 parts by weight of catalyst, 1-5 parts by weight of nano ceramic powder, 1-5 parts by weight of chopped fiber, 10-40 parts by weight of modified layered silicate material and 25-45 parts by weight of zirconium-silicon ceramic precursor cracking powder. The coating has excellent oxidation resistance, ablation resistance and heat insulation performance, can bear the instantaneous high temperature of more than 1500 ℃, and has wide application prospect in a hypersonic aircraft surface heat protection system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of light thermal protection, and particularly relates to an antioxidant ablation-resistant coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the hypersonic aircraft in the adjacent space, higher requirements are put on the performance of the heat-insulating coating. The heat-insulation-preventing coating not only can bear the strong scouring of the high-Mach-number flight speed on the surface of the heat-insulation-preventing coating, but also needs to have higher dimensional performance after scouring so as to ensure the good aerodynamic appearance of the aircraft. Meanwhile, extremely high requirements are provided for the temperature resistance level, the heat insulation efficiency and the oxidation resistance of the heat insulation preventing coating. At present, an ablation-resistant coating mainly takes epoxy resin, silicon resin or phenolic resin and the like as a matrix, and ablation resistance and heat insulation effects are realized by modifying the resin matrix or adding functional fillers with high temperature resistance, low density and the like. The existing ablation-resistant coating has the defects of single product structure and function, thicker construction thickness, poorer construction performance and the like.
Therefore, the traditional heat-insulating material can not meet the use requirement of the hypersonic speed aircraft under the high-Mach number oxidation environment increasingly because of lack of matched comprehensive performance. Therefore, it is important to develop a thermal protective coating material with low density, oxidation resistance and ablation resistance, which is used in an oxidation environment at 1400 ℃ or higher.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, an antioxidant ablation-resistant coating and a preparation method thereof are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an antioxidant ablation-resistant coating which has excellent antioxidant, ablation-resistant and heat-insulating properties, can bear instantaneous high temperature of more than 1500 ℃, and has a wide application prospect in a surface heat protection system of a hypersonic aircraft.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an oxidation-resistant ablation-resistant coating includes an inner thermal-insulating layer and an outer ablation-resistant layer; the internal heat insulation layer comprises 50-70 parts by weight of phenolic resin, 15-50 parts by weight of organosilane, 10-40 parts by weight of solvent, 5-15 parts by weight of catalyst, 1-5 parts by weight of nano ceramic powder, 1-5 parts by weight of active metal powder, 5-15 parts by weight of hollow microspheres, 1-5 parts by weight of chopped fibers and 5-25 parts by weight of zirconium-silicon ceramic precursor cracking powder; the external ablation layer comprises 50-70 parts by weight of phenolic resin, 5-15 parts by weight of organosilane, 10-30 parts by weight of solvent, 5-15 parts by weight of catalyst, 1-5 parts by weight of nano ceramic powder, 1-5 parts by weight of chopped fiber, 10-40 parts by weight of modified layered silicate material and 25-45 parts by weight of zirconium-silicon ceramic precursor cracking powder.
Preferably, the phenolic resin is one or more of magnesium phenolic resin, ammonia phenolic resin, barium phenolic resin and boron phenolic resin; the organosilane is one or more of dodecyl trimethoxy silane, methyl trimethoxy silane, vinyl triethoxy silane, mercaptopropyl trimethoxy silane, propyl trimethoxy silane and ethyl trimethoxy silane.
Preferably, the solvent is one or more of ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, acetone and xylene; the catalyst is one or more of p-toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, petroleum sodium sulfonate, phenolsulfonic acid and hexamethylenetetramine.
Preferably, the nano ceramic powder is one or more of silicon carbide, zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide, tantalum carbide, silicon nitride and boron nitride.
Preferably, the active metal powder is one or more of aluminum powder, titanium powder and zirconium powder.
Preferably, the hollow microspheres are one or more of silicon oxide hollow microspheres, aluminum oxide hollow microspheres, silicon carbide hollow microspheres, zirconium carbide hollow microspheres, boron nitride hollow microspheres and silicon nitride hollow microspheres; the size of the hollow microsphere is 20-200 μm.
Preferably, the chopped fibers are one or more of silicon carbide, zirconium carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, aluminum oxide and carbon fiber chopped fibers.
Preferably, the phyllosilicate is one or more of montmorillonite, rectorite, zircon, palygorskite and attapulgite; the modifier adopted by the phyllosilicate material is dimethyl benzyl phenyl ammonium chloride containing benzyl and phenyl.
Preferably, the zirconium-silicon ceramic precursor is a high molecular resin which is subjected to vacuum or inert atmosphere heating treatment to generate zirconium-silicon complex phase carbide ceramic; wherein the cracking temperature is 300-1000 ℃, and the cracking time is 0.5-6h.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the oxidation-resistant and ablation-resistant coating.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of the oxidation-resistant ablation-resistant coating comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively performing ball milling, sanding or high-speed stirring treatment on functional fillers such as phenolic resin, organosilane, solvent, nano powder, active metal powder, chopped fiber, zirconium-silicon ceramic precursor cracking powder and the like for the inner heat-insulating layer and the outer ablation-resistant layer to obtain materials A-1 and B-1;
(2) Respectively adding a catalyst into the A-1, adding the catalyst and the hollow microspheres into the B-1, uniformly mixing, standing for 2-10h, and carrying out phase separation reaction to obtain A-2 and B-2 respectively;
(3) Coating the A-2 on the surface of a base material by a spraying or brushing process, and naturally drying or heating and curing to obtain a base material C-1;
(4) And coating the B-2 on the C-1 by a spraying or brushing process, and naturally drying or heating and curing to obtain a heat insulation layer to obtain the base material C-2 comprising an inner heat insulation layer and an outer ablation-resistant layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Organic silicon is added into phenolic resin to enable the phenolic resin and the organic silicon to generate phase separation reaction, a micro-nano hole microstructure is obtained on a coating substrate, the structure can endow the coating with the characteristics of excellent low density, low heat conduction and the like,
(2) Aiming at the defects of poor caking property and poor oxidation resistance of the internal heat-insulating coating, active metal powder is introduced into the internal heat-insulating coating, and the bonding strength and the oxidation resistance of the coating and the substrate are improved by utilizing the characteristics that the active metal powder has high reactivity and is easy to generate nano-phase oxide and carbide ceramic phases;
(3) The chopped fibers are introduced into the coating, and the introduction of the chopped fibers can construct a three-dimensional skeleton structure in the coating, so that the strength and the start-up erosion resistance of the coating in a medium-high temperature environment can be effectively improved;
(4) The introduction of zirconium-silicon ceramic precursor active cracking powder is respectively introduced into the external ablation-resistant coating and the internal heat-insulation-preventing coating, and the oxidation resistance and ablation resistance of the coating at the high temperature of 1400 ℃ can be greatly improved by introducing ceramic precursor components.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photomicrograph of the inner thermal barrier coating of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph of the outer ablation-resistant coating of example 1;
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention refers to specific embodiments for the purpose of aiding a person skilled in the art to further understand the invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments of the invention are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Wherein, the raw materials involved in the specific embodiment are all commercial products, and the equipment is production equipment in the coating industry field.
Example 1
The preparation method of the oxidation-resistant ablation-resistant coating comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively weighing 50Kg of magnesium phenolic resin, 15Kg of methyltrimethoxysilane, 10Kg of glycol solvent, 1Kg of silicon carbide powder with the average particle size of 50nm, 1Kg of metal aluminum powder, 1Kg of T300 type chopped carbon fiber and 5Kg of zirconium silicon ceramic precursor cracking powder treated by 300 ℃/2h, putting into a ball mill, and ball-milling for 2h at the rotating speed of 500 r/min to obtain a material A-1;
(2) Adding 5Kg of silica hollow microspheres and 5Kg of benzenesulfonic acid into the A-1, uniformly mixing, and standing for 5 hours to obtain a material A-2;
(3) Coating the heat-insulating coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy with the thickness of 3mm by adopting a spraying process, and heating to obtain a base material C-1 of a heat-insulating layer with the thickness of 1.5 mm;
(4) Respectively weighing 50Kg of magnesium phenolic resin, 5Kg of methyltrimethoxysilane, 10Kg of glycol solvent, 1Kg of silicon carbide powder with the particle size of 100nm, 1Kg of T700 type chopped carbon fiber, 10Kg of montmorillonite subjected to modification treatment and 20Kg of zirconium-silicon ceramic precursor cracking powder subjected to treatment at the speed of 300 ℃/2h, putting the materials into a ball mill, and ball-milling the materials for 2h at the rotating speed of 500 revolutions per minute to obtain a material B-1;
(5) Adding 5Kg of benzenesulfonic acid into the B-1, uniformly mixing, and standing for 5 hours to obtain a material B-2;
(6) And coating the B-2 on the C-1 by a spraying or brushing process, and naturally drying or heating and curing to obtain a heat insulation layer to obtain the base material C-2 containing the internal heat insulation layer and the external ablation-resistant coating layer.
The prepared low-density organic silicon heat-proof and heat-insulating integrated coating has the density of 695Kg/m 3 The thermal conductivity at room temperature is about 0.128W/m.K, the tensile strength is 1.75MPa, the tensile elongation is 5.8 percent, and the residual weight percentage is 49.8 percent after being burned in a muffle furnace at 800 ℃ for 30 min.
Example 2
The preparation method of the oxidation-resistant ablation-resistant coating comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively weighing 60Kg of boron phenolic resin, 20Kg of methyltrimethoxysilane, 10Kg of glycol solvent, 1.5Kg of boron nitride powder with the average particle size of 100nm, 1Kg of metal aluminum powder, 1Kg of T300 type chopped carbon fiber and 6Kg of zirconium-silicon ceramic precursor cracking powder treated by 300 ℃/2h, putting into a ball mill, and ball-milling for 2h at the rotating speed of 500 r/min to obtain a material A-1;
(2) Adding 10Kg of silica hollow microspheres and 5.5Kg of hexamethylenetetramine into the A-1, uniformly mixing, and standing for 5 hours to obtain a material A-2;
(3) Coating the heat-insulating coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy with the thickness of 3mm by adopting a spraying process, and heating to obtain a base material C-1 of a heat-insulating layer with the thickness of 1.5 mm;
(4) Respectively weighing 50Kg of magnesium phenolic resin, 5Kg of methyltrimethoxysilane, 10Kg of glycol solvent, 1Kg of silicon carbide powder with the particle size of 100nm, 1Kg of T700 type chopped carbon fiber, 10Kg of montmorillonite subjected to modification treatment and 20Kg of zirconium-silicon ceramic precursor cracking powder subjected to treatment at 300 ℃/2h, putting into a ball mill, and ball-milling for 2h at the rotating speed of 500 revolutions per minute to obtain a material B-1;
(5) Adding 5Kg of benzenesulfonic acid into the B-1, uniformly mixing, and standing for 5 hours to obtain a material B-2;
(6) And coating the B-2 on the C-1 by a spraying or brushing process, and naturally drying or heating and curing to obtain a heat insulation layer to obtain the base material C-2 containing the internal heat insulation layer and the external ablation-resistant coating layer.
The prepared low-density organic silicon heat-proof and heat-insulating integrated coating has the density of 618Kg/m 3 The thermal conductivity at room temperature is about 0.099W/m.K, the tensile strength is 2.17MPa, the tensile elongation is 6.3 percent, and the residual weight percentage is 51.2 percent after being burned in a muffle furnace at 800 ℃ for 30 min.
Example 3
The preparation method of the oxidation-resistant ablation-resistant coating comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively weighing 60Kg of boron phenolic resin, 20Kg of methyltrimethoxysilane, 10Kg of glycol solvent, 1.5Kg of boron nitride powder with the average particle size of 100nm, 1Kg of metal aluminum powder, 1Kg of T300 type chopped carbon fiber and 6Kg of zirconium-silicon ceramic precursor cracking powder treated at 300 ℃/2h, putting the materials into a ball mill, and ball-milling the materials for 2h at the rotating speed of 500 r/min to obtain a material A-1;
(2) Adding 10Kg of silica hollow microspheres and 5.5Kg of hexamethylenetetramine into the A-1, uniformly mixing, and standing for 5 hours to obtain a material A-2;
(3) The heat insulation coating is coated on the surface of the aluminum alloy with the thickness of 3mm by adopting a spraying process, and a base material C-1 of a heat insulation layer with the thickness of 1.5mm is obtained after heating treatment.
(4) Respectively weighing 60Kg of boron phenolic resin, 10Kg of ethyltrimethoxysilane, 10Kg of glycol solvent, 0.8Kg of silicon carbide powder with the particle size of 50nm, 0.5 Kg of hafnium carbide powder with the particle size of 200nm, 1.5Kg of T800 type chopped carbon fibers, 12Kg of modified attapulgite and 25Kg of zirconium silicon ceramic precursor cracking powder treated at the speed of 600 ℃/3h, putting the materials into a ball mill, and performing ball milling for 4h at the rotating speed of 500 rpm to obtain a material B-1;
(5) 6.5Kg of hexamethyleneimine is added into the B-1, and the mixture is evenly mixed and then stands for 5 hours to obtain a material B-2;
(6) And coating the B-2 on the C-1 by a spraying or brushing process, and naturally drying or heating and curing to obtain a heat insulation layer to obtain the base material C-2 containing the internal heat insulation layer and the external ablation-resistant coating layer.
The prepared low-density organic silicon heat-proof and heat-insulating integrated coating has the density of 702Kg/m 3 The thermal conductivity at room temperature is about 0.119W/m.K, the tensile strength is 3.07MPa, the tensile elongation is 7.2 percent, and the residual weight percentage is 57.5 percent after being burned in a muffle furnace at 800 ℃ for 30 min.
See table 1 for the performance parameters of examples 1-3.
TABLE 1 test results of typical examples of oxidation and ablation resistant coatings
In the cases of examples 1 to 3, the density, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, and ablation resistance of the coating can be effectively controlled by adjusting the component ratios of the external ablation-resistant layer and the internal thermal insulation layer, as in example 2, on the basis of example 1, the proportion of the organosilicon content and other functional fillers is increased by introducing the boron-phenolic resin matrix with better ablation resistance into the internal thermal insulation coating, and the thermal insulation and mechanical properties of the coating are effectively improved by controlling the degree of phase separation reaction. Example 3 on the basis of example 2, the mechanical and ablation resistance of the coating was further improved by optimizing the external ablation-resistant coating composition, and the density and thermal conductivity of the coating were increased slightly, but within a controllable range. Fig. 1 and 2 show the microstructures of the inner thermal insulation coating and the outer ablation-resistant coating in the embodiment 1, respectively, and it can be seen that the two coatings have obvious microstructure difference, and the porosity of the inner thermal insulation coating is higher, which is beneficial to reducing the heat conduction of the coatings.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. An oxidation-resistant ablation-resistant coating, characterized in that: comprises an inner heat-insulating layer and an outer ablation-resistant layer;
the internal heat insulation layer comprises 50-70 parts by weight of phenolic resin, 15-50 parts by weight of organosilane, 10-40 parts by weight of solvent, 5-15 parts by weight of catalyst, 1-5 parts by weight of nano ceramic powder, 1-5 parts by weight of active metal powder, 5-15 parts by weight of hollow microspheres, 1-5 parts by weight of chopped fibers and 5-25 parts by weight of zirconium-silicon ceramic precursor cracking powder;
the external ablation layer comprises 50-70 parts by weight of phenolic resin, 5-15 parts by weight of organosilane, 10-30 parts by weight of solvent, 5-15 parts by weight of catalyst, 1-5 parts by weight of nano ceramic powder, 1-5 parts by weight of chopped fiber, 10-40 parts by weight of modified layered silicate material and 25-45 parts by weight of zirconium-silicon ceramic precursor cracking powder.
2. The oxidation-resistant ablation-resistant coating of claim 1, wherein: the phenolic resin is one or more of magnesium phenolic resin, ammonia phenolic resin, barium phenolic resin and boron phenolic resin; the organosilane is one or more of dodecyl trimethoxy silane, methyl trimethoxy silane, vinyl triethoxy silane, mercaptopropyl trimethoxy silane, propyl trimethoxy silane and ethyl trimethoxy silane.
3. The oxidation-resistant and ablation-resistant coating of claim 1, wherein: the solvent is one or more of ethanol, glycol, glycerol, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, acetone and xylene; the catalyst is one or more of p-toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, petroleum sodium sulfonate, phenolsulfonic acid and hexamethylenetetramine.
4. The oxidation-resistant ablation-resistant coating of claim 1, wherein: the nano ceramic powder is one or more of silicon carbide, zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide, tantalum carbide, silicon nitride and boron nitride.
5. The oxidation-resistant ablation-resistant coating of claim 1, wherein: the active metal powder is one or more of aluminum powder, titanium powder and zirconium powder.
6. The oxidation-resistant ablation-resistant coating of claim 1, wherein: the hollow microspheres are one or more of silicon oxide hollow microspheres, aluminum oxide hollow microspheres, silicon carbide hollow microspheres, zirconium carbide hollow microspheres, boron nitride hollow microspheres and silicon nitride hollow microspheres; the size of the hollow microsphere is 20-200 μm.
7. The oxidation-resistant ablation-resistant coating of claim 1, wherein: the chopped fibers are one or more of silicon carbide, zirconium carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, aluminum oxide and carbon fiber chopped fibers.
8. The oxidation-resistant ablation-resistant coating of claim 1, wherein: the phyllosilicate is one or more of montmorillonite, rectorite, zircon, palygorskite and attapulgite; the modifier adopted by the phyllosilicate material is dimethyl benzyl phenyl ammonium chloride containing benzyl and phenyl.
9. The oxidation-resistant ablation-resistant coating of claim 1, wherein: the zirconium-silicon ceramic precursor is a high molecular resin which is subjected to vacuum or inert atmosphere heating treatment to generate zirconium-silicon complex phase carbide ceramic; wherein the cracking temperature is 300-1000 ℃, and the cracking time is 0.5-6h.
10. The method of preparing an oxidation-resistant ablation-resistant coating according to any of claims 1-9, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively performing ball milling, sanding or high-speed stirring treatment on functional fillers such as phenolic resin, organosilane, solvent, nano powder, active metal powder, chopped fiber, zirconium-silicon ceramic precursor cracking powder and the like for the inner heat-insulating layer and the outer ablation-resistant layer to obtain materials A-1 and B-1;
(2) Respectively adding a catalyst into the A-1, adding the catalyst and the hollow microspheres into the B-1, uniformly mixing, standing for 2-10h, and carrying out phase separation reaction to obtain A-2 and B-2 respectively;
(3) Coating the A-2 on the surface of a base material by a spraying or brushing process, and naturally drying or heating and curing to obtain a base material C-1;
(4) And coating the B-2 on the C-1 by a spraying or brushing process, and naturally drying or heating and curing to obtain a heat insulation layer to obtain the base material C-2 comprising an inner heat insulation layer and an outer ablation-resistant layer.
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