CN115849953A - Photochromic ceramic glaze and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Photochromic ceramic glaze and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical group [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 magnesium aluminate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXCPAUWIRBMTET-SOFGYWHQSA-N (6e)-8-methyl-5-propan-2-ylnona-6,8-dien-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CCC(C(C)C)\C=C\C(C)=C KXCPAUWIRBMTET-SOFGYWHQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002114 biscuit porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Dental Preparations (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
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Abstract
A photochromic ceramic glaze comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of kaolin, 20-30 parts of potash feldspar, 30-40 parts of photochromic liquid, 15-20 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 4-6 parts of cerium oxide, 8-14 parts of binder, 5-8 parts of magnesia-alumina spinel and 60-70 parts of water. A preparation method of photochromic ceramic glaze comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing kaolin, potash feldspar, photochromic liquid, aluminum hydroxide, cerium oxide, a binder, magnesia-alumina spinel and water, uniformly mixing, and performing ball milling to obtain glaze slurry, thereby obtaining the photochromic ceramic glaze. The photochromic ceramic glaze and the preparation method thereof have the advantages that the prepared glaze is good in light stability and high in light fatigue resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramics, in particular to a photochromic ceramic glaze and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the improvement of the quality of life and the transformation of consumption concept of people, the ceramic product is required to have practicability, artistry and ornamental value, and therefore, the research on the illumination color-changing glaze applied to ceramic manufacturing is increasing day by day.
Photochromic materials are materials that change color when excited by a light source. The existing photochromic material has poor thermal stability, slow response, poor fatigue resistance, poor mechanical property and environmental friendliness, and the bottleneck limits the wide application of the photochromic material in ceramic products. Therefore, it is highly desirable to provide a stable photochromic glaze against light fatigue to improve the practicability, artistry and appreciation of the ceramic product.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a photochromic ceramic glaze and a preparation method thereof, and the prepared glaze has good light stability and high light fatigue resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a photochromic ceramic glaze comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of kaolin, 20-30 parts of potash feldspar, 30-40 parts of photochromic liquid, 15-20 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 4-6 parts of cerium oxide, 8-14 parts of binder, 5-8 parts of magnesium aluminate spinel and 60-70 parts of water.
Preferably, the binder is sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
A preparation method of photochromic ceramic glaze comprises the following steps:
stirring and mixing kaolin, potash feldspar, photochromic liquid, aluminum hydroxide, cerium oxide, a binder, magnesia-alumina spinel and water, uniformly mixing, and performing ball milling to obtain glaze slurry, thereby obtaining the photochromic ceramic glaze.
Preferably, the preparation method of the photochromic liquid comprises the following steps:
s11, preparing titanium dioxide sol;
s12, mixing the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, the photochromic agent and the chitosan acetic acid solution to obtain a composite solution;
mixing polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide sol and ethanol solution with volume fraction of 50% to obtain sol solution;
and S13, mixing the composite liquid and the sol liquid, and stirring for 12-24 hours to obtain the photochromic liquid.
Preferably, the chitosan acetic acid solution is a chitosan acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 40%
Preferably, the weight part ratio of the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer to the photochromic agent to the chitosan acetic acid solution is 1.
Preferably, the weight part ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the titanium dioxide sol to the ethanol solution is 1.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the composite liquid to the sol liquid is 1.
Preferably, the method for preparing the titania sol in step S11 includes: uniformly stirring tetraethoxysilane and absolute ethyl alcohol, adding ammonia water solution with the volume fraction of 20%, adjusting the pH value to 9-10, and stirring for 3-4h at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain titanium dioxide sol.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the ammonia water is 2.
According to the invention, the photochromic agent is cross-linked and wrapped by the composite long-chain structure, and the electrostatic adsorption phenomenon is formed by the positive charge of the chitosan and the photochromic agent, so that the adhesion strength of the photochromic agent and the long-chain structure is improved, meanwhile, the titanium dioxide sol has good dispersity, the specific surface area of the titanium dioxide sol is further improved by the cross-linking of the polyvinyl alcohol, the interfacial area of the sol solution is enlarged, and the sol solution can be partially filled and grafted in the chitosan-polymer long-chain structure in the process of mixing with the composite solution, so that the photochromic agent on the surface and inside of the chain structure can play the roles of buffering and absorbing light energy and is beneficial to improving the enamel density, and on the premise of not influencing the photochromic, the light degradation reaction of the photochromic agent is slowed down under the irradiation of ultraviolet light or sunlight, so that the light fatigue resistance and the light stability of the enamel are improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, the raw materials and equipment of the present invention can be obtained from the market, and are not listed, wherein the photochromic agent of the present invention can be obtained from the market and is a spiropyran organic photochromic material.
Example 1:
a photochromic ceramic glaze comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of kaolin, 30 parts of potash feldspar, 40 parts of photochromic liquid, 20 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 6 parts of cerium oxide, 14 parts of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 8 parts of magnesia-alumina spinel and 70 parts of water.
A preparation method of photochromic ceramic glaze comprises the following steps:
and stirring and mixing the kaolin, the potash feldspar, the photochromic liquid, the aluminum hydroxide, the cerium oxide, the sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, the magnesia-alumina spinel and the water in parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and performing ball milling to obtain glaze slip, thus obtaining the photochromic ceramic glaze.
The preparation method of the photochromic liquid comprises the following steps:
s11, preparing titanium dioxide sol: uniformly stirring tetraethoxysilane and absolute ethyl alcohol, adding an ammonia water solution with the volume fraction of 20%, adjusting the pH value to 9-10, and stirring at 60 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain a titanium dioxide sol, wherein the weight part ratio of tetraethoxysilane to absolute ethyl alcohol to ammonia water is 2;
s12, mixing the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, the photochromic agent and a chitosan acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 40% according to the weight ratio of 1;
mixing polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide sol and 50% volume fraction ethanol solution according to the weight part ratio of 1;
and S13, mixing the composite solution and the sol solution according to the weight part ratio of 1.
Example 2:
a photochromic ceramic glaze comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of kaolin, 20 parts of potassium feldspar, 30 parts of photochromic liquid, 15 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 4 parts of cerium oxide, 8 parts of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 5 parts of magnesium aluminate spinel and 60 parts of water.
A preparation method of photochromic ceramic glaze comprises the following steps:
and stirring and mixing the kaolin, the potash feldspar, the photochromic liquid, the aluminum hydroxide, the cerium oxide, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the magnesia-alumina spinel and the water in parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and performing ball milling to obtain glaze slip, thus obtaining the photochromic ceramic glaze.
The preparation method of the photochromic liquid comprises the following steps:
s11, preparing titanium dioxide sol: uniformly stirring tetraethoxysilane and absolute ethyl alcohol, adding an ammonia water solution with the volume fraction of 20%, adjusting the pH value to 9-10, and stirring at 60 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain a titanium dioxide sol, wherein the weight part ratio of tetraethoxysilane to absolute ethyl alcohol to ammonia water is 2;
s12, mixing the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, the photochromic agent and a chitosan acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 40% according to the weight ratio of 1;
mixing polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide sol and 50% volume fraction ethanol solution according to the weight ratio of 1;
and S13, mixing the composite solution and the sol solution according to the weight part ratio of 1.
Example 3:
a photochromic ceramic glaze comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of kaolin, 25 parts of potassium feldspar, 35 parts of photochromic liquid, 18 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 5 parts of cerium oxide, 10 parts of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 6 parts of magnesium aluminate spinel and 65 parts of water.
A preparation method of photochromic ceramic glaze comprises the following steps:
and stirring and mixing the kaolin, the potash feldspar, the photochromic liquid, the aluminum hydroxide, the cerium oxide, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the magnesia-alumina spinel and the water in parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and performing ball milling to obtain glaze slip, thus obtaining the photochromic ceramic glaze.
The preparation method of the photochromic liquid comprises the following steps:
s11, preparing titanium dioxide sol: uniformly stirring tetraethoxysilane and absolute ethyl alcohol, adding an ammonia water solution with the volume fraction of 20%, adjusting the pH value to 9-10, and stirring at 60 ℃ for 3.5 hours to obtain titanium dioxide sol, wherein the weight part ratio of tetraethoxysilane to absolute ethyl alcohol to ammonia water is 2;
s12, mixing the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, the photochromic agent and a chitosan acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 40% according to the weight ratio of 1;
mixing polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide sol and 50% volume fraction ethanol solution according to the weight ratio of 1;
and S13, mixing the composite solution and the sol solution according to the weight part ratio of 1.
Comparative example 1:
comparative example 1 has substantially the same composition as in example 1, except that a commercially available spiropyran-based organic photochromic material (available from zeeko) was directly used, specifically:
a photochromic ceramic glaze comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of kaolin, 30 parts of potassium feldspar, 40 parts of a commercially available photochromic material, 20 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 6 parts of cerium oxide, 14 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 8 parts of magnesium aluminate spinel and 70 parts of water.
A preparation method of photochromic ceramic glaze comprises the following steps:
and stirring and mixing the kaolin, the potash feldspar, the commercially available photochromic material, the aluminum hydroxide, the cerium oxide, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the magnesia-alumina spinel and the water in parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and performing ball milling to obtain glaze slip, thus obtaining the photochromic ceramic glaze.
The glaze materials obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 of the present invention were subjected to the process steps of forming, drying, bisque firing, glazing, kiln loading and firing to obtain ceramic blanks, and the performance test was performed, and the test results are shown in table 1.
The glossiness of the ceramic blank is tested by adopting a photoelectric glossiness meter according to the requirements of GB/T3295-1996 test method for 45-degree specular glossiness of ceramic products.
The compressive strength of the ceramic body according to the invention was tested in accordance with GB/T4740-1999.
The light-resistant fatigue property of the ceramic blank of the invention is tested as follows: irradiating the ceramic blank by using a UVA-340 lamp tube, placing the ceramic blank in a dark environment for 12 hours after irradiation for 12 hours, cooling the ceramic blank to room temperature, then irradiating the ceramic blank for 12 hours, circulating the process for 20 times, the time to change and the time to fade during the 12 hour exposure were recorded and the total colour difference Δ E was measured with a colour difference meter for two photocolorations.
TABLE 1 test data for examples 1-3 and comparative example 1
As can be seen from the above table, the ceramic enamels of examples 1-3 have higher gloss and compressive strength than the ceramic of comparative example 1, shorter discoloration time, shorter fading time than comparative example 1, less color difference, and higher visible light fatigue resistance.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The photochromic ceramic glaze is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of kaolin, 20-30 parts of potash feldspar, 30-40 parts of photochromic liquid, 15-20 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 4-6 parts of cerium oxide, 8-14 parts of binder, 5-8 parts of magnesium aluminate spinel and 60-70 parts of water.
2. The photochromic ceramic frit of claim 1 wherein the binder is sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
3. A process for preparing a photochromic ceramic frit according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
stirring and mixing kaolin, potash feldspar, photochromic liquid, aluminum hydroxide, cerium oxide, a binder, magnesia-alumina spinel and water, uniformly mixing, and performing ball milling to obtain glaze slurry, thereby obtaining the photochromic ceramic glaze.
4. The method of preparing a photochromic ceramic frit according to claim 3, wherein the method of preparing the photochromic liquid comprises:
s11, preparing titanium dioxide sol;
s12, mixing the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, the photochromic agent and the chitosan acetic acid solution to obtain a composite solution;
mixing polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide sol and 50% of ethanol solution in volume fraction to obtain sol solution;
and S13, mixing the composite liquid and the sol liquid, and stirring for 12-24 hours to obtain the photochromic liquid.
5. The dyeing process of the thermochromic fabric according to claim 4, wherein the chitosan acetate solution is a chitosan acetate solution with a mass fraction of 40%.
6. The dyeing process of the thermochromic fabric according to claim 4, wherein the weight ratio of the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer to the photochromic agent to the chitosan acetic acid solution is 1.
7. The dyeing process of the thermochromic fabric according to claim 4, wherein the weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the titanium dioxide sol to the ethanol solution is 1.
8. The dyeing process of the thermochromic fabric according to claim 4, wherein the weight ratio of the complex liquid to the sol liquid is 1.
9. The method of preparing photochromic ceramic glaze according to claim 4 wherein the method of preparing titanium dioxide sol in step S11 comprises: stirring tetraethoxysilane and absolute ethyl alcohol uniformly, adding ammonia water solution with the volume fraction of 20%, adjusting the pH value to 9-10, and stirring at 60 ℃ for 3-4h to obtain titanium dioxide sol.
10. The method for preparing photochromic ceramic glaze according to claim 9 wherein the weight ratio of ethyl orthosilicate, absolute ethyl alcohol and ammonia water is 2.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118637829A (en) * | 2024-08-14 | 2024-09-13 | 天津包钢稀土研究院有限责任公司 | Purified water cerium-containing modified rare earth water-retaining glaze and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115304276A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-08 | 江西唯美陶瓷有限公司 | Composite glaze layer, ceramic plate and preparation method thereof |
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| GB1507719A (en) * | 1974-08-19 | 1978-04-19 | American Optical Corp | Photochromic particles and photochromic elements containing same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118637829A (en) * | 2024-08-14 | 2024-09-13 | 天津包钢稀土研究院有限责任公司 | Purified water cerium-containing modified rare earth water-retaining glaze and preparation method thereof |
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