CN115849874A - Environment-friendly and efficient processing technology for ceramics - Google Patents
Environment-friendly and efficient processing technology for ceramics Download PDFInfo
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- CN115849874A CN115849874A CN202211647161.0A CN202211647161A CN115849874A CN 115849874 A CN115849874 A CN 115849874A CN 202211647161 A CN202211647161 A CN 202211647161A CN 115849874 A CN115849874 A CN 115849874A
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007723 die pressing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052572 stoneware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environment-friendly and efficient processing technology for ceramics, which comprises the following steps: selecting raw materials; step two, ball milling and mud making; step three, mixing the raw materials; step four, sieving to remove iron; step five, performing filter pressing to remove water; step six, vacuum mud refining; seventhly, ageing the pug; step eight, die pressing and drying; step nine, vacuum firing; step ten, cooling and storing; the ceramic is prepared by taking industrial waste such as coal cinder, cement waste slag and the like as raw materials, so that the utilization of waste is realized, and the environmental protection is facilitated; the high-pressure firing is adopted, the firing quality is ensured, the firing temperature is reduced, the firing energy consumption is reduced, meanwhile, the stepwise temperature rise is adopted in the firing process, the temperature is kept for 4-6h after the firing is finished, the residual temperature is utilized to the maximum extent for firing, and the firing economy is improved; by adding rare earth oxide and metal oxide into the ceramic, the shock resistance and the structural strength of the ceramic are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic production, in particular to an environment-friendly and efficient processing technology for ceramics.
Background
The ceramic is a general name of pottery and porcelain, is also an industrial art product in China, is far in the age of new stoneware, has rough and simple colored pottery and black pottery in China, has various types of ceramics and different manufacturing processes, and is produced in high-energy-consumption industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an environment-friendly and efficient processing technology for ceramics, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an environment-friendly and efficient processing technology for ceramics comprises the following steps: selecting raw materials; step two, ball milling and mud making; step three, mixing the raw materials; step four, sieving to remove iron; step five, performing filter pressing to remove water; step six, vacuum mud refining; seventhly, ageing the pug; step eight, die pressing and drying; step nine, vacuum firing; step ten, cooling and storing;
in the first step, firstly, the raw materials are respectively weighed according to the weight parts of the components, and 200-240 parts of industrial waste, 200-300 parts of low-grade ore raw materials, 500-700 parts of common ceramic materials, 20-30 parts of rare earth oxides and 50-70 parts of metal oxides are weighed;
wherein in the second step, after the raw materials in the first step are weighed, the industrial waste, the low-grade ore raw materials, the common ceramic materials, the rare earth oxides and the metal oxides weighed in the first step are respectively put into a ball mill for ball milling to prepare powdery materials with uniform particle sizes for later use,
in the third step, after the ball milling of the raw materials in the second step is finished, a stirring mixer is used, the ball-milled raw materials are added into the stirring mixer, clear water is added into the mixture for stirring and mixing, and mixed materials are prepared into mixed pug for later use;
in the fourth step, after the mixed pug is prepared in the third step, the mixed pug is subjected to vibrating screening by using a vibrating screen to remove stones and large-particle impurities in the mixed pug, so that the mixed pug is ensured to be uniform and fine, and scrap iron in the mixed pug is removed by using a magnetic separator, so that the quality of the mixed pug is ensured;
in the fifth step, after the sieving and impurity removal in the fourth step are finished, performing filter pressing on the mixed pug by using a plate-and-frame filter press to remove most of water in the mixed pug, and preparing the pug into a pug section for later use after the filter pressing is finished;
in the sixth step, after the filter pressing in the fifth step is finished, putting the mud segment into a vacuum mud refining machine for vacuum mud refining, discharging air in the mud segment, and preparing a solid mud segment which is uniform and has no air holes inside for later use;
in the seventh step, after the vacuum mud refining in the sixth step is finished, putting the mud segments into a special ageing pool for ageing, wherein the ageing time is 3-5d, the ageing temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the mud segments are reserved after ageing is finished;
in the eighth step, after the mud segment in the seventh step is aged, pressing the mud segment into a ceramic mold, pressing the mud segment into a ceramic blank, and then putting the ceramic blank into a hot air dryer for hot air drying at the temperature of 100-110 ℃ for 20-30h until the water content is between 0.8 and 1.2 percent, and then keeping the dried mud segment for later use;
in the ninth step, after the ceramic blank is dried in the eighth step, putting the ceramic blank into a sintering furnace, introducing a large amount of air into the sintering furnace by using a fan to ensure high pressure in the furnace body, then heating and firing the ceramic in a sectional manner, preserving heat for 4-6 hours after firing, and reserving for later use after preserving heat;
in the above step ten, after the ceramic firing in the step nine is finished and cooled, the ceramic is cooled to room temperature for standby, and then the ceramic is placed into a warehouse for storage.
Preferably, in the step one, the industrial waste is one or a mixture of more of coal slag, cement waste slag, dry grinding edge powder and furnace ash, the low-grade ore raw materials are high-temperature sand and mullite, and the common ceramic material is kaolin, feldspar, zircon and lime particles.
Preferably, in the first step, the rare earth oxide is Y 2 O 3 、CeO 2 And La 2 O 3 Wherein one or more of the mixture and the metal oxide is alumina.
Preferably, in the second step, the rotation speed of the ball mill is 80-120r/min, and the ball milling time is 30-40h.
Preferably, in the third step, the rotating speed of the stirrer is 120-150r/min, and the stirring time is 30-40min.
Preferably, in the ninth step, the temperature rise of the sintering furnace is divided into three stages, wherein the temperature of the first stage is 20-200 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 0.43 ℃/min, the temperature of the second stage is 200-600 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 0.2 ℃/min, the temperature of the third stage is 600-1200 ℃, and the temperature rise rate is 0.42 ℃/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the ceramic is prepared by taking industrial waste such as coal cinder, cement waste slag and the like as raw materials, so that the waste utilization is realized, the environmental protection is facilitated, and the production cost of the ceramic is greatly reduced by using the waste;
2. in the ceramic firing process, high-pressure firing is adopted, the firing quality is ensured, the firing temperature is reduced, the firing energy consumption is reduced, meanwhile, the stepped temperature rise is adopted in the firing process, the temperature is kept for 4-6 hours after firing is finished, the residual temperature is utilized to fire to the maximum extent, and the firing economy is improved;
3. according to the invention, the rare earth oxide and the metal oxide are added into the ceramic, so that the shock resistance and the structural strength of the ceramic are greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention: an environment-friendly and efficient processing technology for ceramics comprises the following steps: selecting raw materials; step two, ball milling and mud making; step three, mixing the raw materials; step four, sieving to remove iron; step five, performing filter pressing to remove water; step six, vacuum mud refining; seventhly, ageing the pug; step eight, die pressing and drying; step nine, vacuum firing; step ten, cooling and storing;
in the first step, firstly, the raw materials are respectively weighed according to the parts by weight of the components, 200 parts of industrial waste, 200 parts of low-grade ore raw materials, 500 parts of common ceramic materials, 20 parts of rare earth oxide and 50 parts of metal oxide are weighed, the industrial waste is one or a mixture of more of coal slag, cement waste slag, dry grinding edge powder and furnace ash, the low-grade ore raw materials are high-temperature sand and mullite, the common ceramic materials are kaolin, feldspar, zircon and lime particles, and the rare earth oxide is Y 2 O 3 、CeO 2 And La 2 O 3 Wherein one or more of the mixture, the metal oxide is alumina;
wherein in the second step, after the raw materials in the first step are weighed, the industrial waste, the low-grade ore raw materials, the common ceramic materials, the rare earth oxides and the metal oxides weighed in the first step are respectively put into a ball mill for ball milling, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 120r/min, the ball milling time is 30-40h, and the raw materials are ball-milled into powdery materials with uniform particle size for later use,
in the third step, after the ball milling of the raw materials in the second step is finished, a stirring mixer is used, the ball-milled raw materials are added into the stirring mixer, clear water is added into the ball-milled raw materials for stirring and mixing, the rotating speed of the stirrer is 150r/min, the stirring time is 40min, and mixed mud is prepared for standby after the mixing is finished;
in the fourth step, after the mixed pug is prepared in the third step, the mixed pug is subjected to vibrating screening by using a vibrating screen to remove stones and large-particle impurities in the mixed pug, so that the mixed pug is ensured to be uniform and fine, and scrap iron in the mixed pug is removed by using a magnetic separator, so that the quality of the mixed pug is ensured;
in the fifth step, after the sieving and impurity removal in the fourth step are finished, performing filter pressing on the mixed pug by using a plate-and-frame filter press to remove most of water in the mixed pug, and preparing the pug into a pug section for later use after the filter pressing is finished;
in the sixth step, after the filter pressing in the fifth step is finished, putting the mud segment into a vacuum mud refining machine for vacuum mud refining, discharging air in the mud segment, and preparing a solid mud segment with uniform inner part and no air holes for later use;
in the seventh step, after the vacuum mud refining in the sixth step is finished, putting the mud segments into a special ageing pool for ageing, wherein the ageing time is 5 days, the ageing temperature is 25 ℃, and the mud segments are reserved after ageing is finished;
in the eighth step, after the mud segment in the seventh step is aged, pressing the mud segment into a ceramic mold, pressing the mud segment into a ceramic blank, and then putting the ceramic blank into a hot air dryer for hot air drying at 110 ℃ for 30 hours until the water content is between 0.8 and 1.2 percent, and then keeping the dried blank for later use;
in the ninth step, after the ceramic blank is dried in the eighth step, putting the ceramic blank into a sintering furnace, introducing a large amount of air into the sintering furnace by using a fan to ensure high pressure in the furnace body, heating the ceramic in a sectional manner, wherein the temperature of the sintering furnace is raised into three stages, the temperature of the first stage is 200 ℃, the temperature raising rate is 0.43 ℃/min, the temperature of the second stage is 600 ℃, the temperature raising rate is 0.2 ℃/min, the temperature of the third stage is 1200 ℃, the temperature raising rate is 0.42 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 6 hours after the firing is finished, and keeping the temperature for later use;
in the above step ten, after the ceramic firing in the step nine is finished and cooled, the ceramic is cooled to room temperature for standby, and then the ceramic is placed into a warehouse for storage.
Based on the above, the invention has the advantages that the industrial waste materials such as coal cinder, cement waste slag, dry grinding edge powder and furnace ash are used as raw materials and added into the formula of the ceramic, so that the economical efficiency of the ceramic is improved, the waste utilization is favorably realized, the environment is favorably protected, the production cost of the ceramic is greatly reduced by using the waste materials, meanwhile, the high-pressure firing is adopted in the ceramic firing process, the firing temperature is reduced while the firing quality is ensured, the firing energy consumption is reduced, meanwhile, the stepwise temperature rise is adopted in the firing process, after the firing is finished, the heat preservation is carried out for 4-6h, the residual temperature is utilized to the maximum extent for firing, the firing economical efficiency is improved, and the seismic resistance and the structural strength of the ceramic are greatly improved by adding the rare earth oxide and the metal oxide into the ceramic.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (6)
1. An environment-friendly and efficient processing technology for ceramics comprises the following steps: selecting raw materials; step two, ball milling and mud making; step three, mixing the raw materials; step four, sieving to remove iron; step five, performing filter pressing to remove water; step six, vacuum mud refining; seventhly, ageing the pug; step eight, die pressing and drying; step nine, vacuum firing; step ten, cooling and storing; the method is characterized in that:
in the first step, firstly, the raw materials are respectively weighed according to the weight parts of the components, and 200-240 parts of industrial waste, 200-300 parts of low-grade ore raw materials, 500-700 parts of common ceramic materials, 20-30 parts of rare earth oxides and 50-70 parts of metal oxides are weighed;
wherein in the second step, after the raw materials in the first step are weighed, the industrial waste, the low-grade ore raw materials, the common ceramic materials, the rare earth oxides and the metal oxides weighed in the first step are respectively put into a ball mill for ball milling to prepare powdery materials with uniform particle sizes for later use,
in the third step, after the ball milling of the raw materials in the second step is finished, a stirring mixer is used, the ball-milled raw materials are added into the stirring mixer, clear water is added into the mixture for stirring and mixing, and mixed materials are prepared into mixed pug for later use;
in the fourth step, after the mixed pug is prepared in the third step, the mixed pug is subjected to vibrating screening by using a vibrating screen to remove stones and large-particle impurities in the mixed pug, so that the mixed pug is ensured to be uniform and fine, and scrap iron in the mixed pug is removed by using a magnetic separator, so that the quality of the mixed pug is ensured;
in the fifth step, after the sieving and impurity removal in the fourth step are finished, performing filter pressing on the mixed pug by using a plate-and-frame filter press to remove most of water in the mixed pug, and preparing the pug into a pug section for later use after the filter pressing is finished;
in the sixth step, after the filter pressing in the fifth step is finished, putting the mud segment into a vacuum mud refining machine for vacuum mud refining, discharging air in the mud segment, and preparing a solid mud segment which is uniform and has no air holes inside for later use;
in the seventh step, after the vacuum mud refining in the sixth step is finished, putting the mud segments into a special ageing pool for ageing, wherein the ageing time is 3-5d, the ageing temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the mud segments are reserved after ageing is finished;
in the eighth step, after the mud segment in the seventh step is aged, pressing the mud segment into a ceramic mold, pressing the mud segment into a ceramic blank, and then putting the ceramic blank into a hot air dryer for hot air drying at the temperature of 100-110 ℃ for 20-30h until the water content is between 0.8 and 1.2 percent, and then keeping the dried mud segment for later use;
in the ninth step, after the ceramic blank is dried in the eighth step, putting the ceramic blank into a sintering furnace, introducing a large amount of air into the sintering furnace by using a fan to ensure high pressure in the furnace body, then carrying out sectional heating to fire the ceramic, carrying out heat preservation for 4-6 hours after firing is finished, and keeping the temperature for later use;
in the above step ten, after the ceramic firing in the step nine is completed and cooled, the ceramic is cooled to room temperature for standby, and then placed in a warehouse for storage.
2. The environment-friendly and efficient processing technology for ceramics according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the industrial waste is one or a mixture of more of coal slag, cement waste slag, dry grinding edge powder and furnace ash, the low-grade ore raw materials are high-temperature sand and mullite, and the common ceramic materials are kaolin, feldspar, zircon and stone ash particles.
3. The environment-friendly and efficient processing technology for the ceramics according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the rare earth oxide is Y 2 O 3 、CeO 2 And La 2 O 3 Wherein one or more of the mixture and the metal oxide is alumina.
4. The environment-friendly and efficient processing technology for the ceramics according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 80-120r/min, and the ball milling time is 30-40h.
5. The environment-friendly and efficient processing technology for the ceramics according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the rotating speed of the stirrer is 120-150r/min, and the stirring time is 30-40min.
6. The environment-friendly and efficient processing technology for ceramics according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the ninth step, the temperature rise of the sintering furnace is divided into three stages, wherein the temperature of the first stage is 20-200 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 0.43 ℃/min, the temperature of the second stage is 200-600 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 0.2 ℃/min, the temperature of the third stage is 600-1200 ℃, and the temperature rise rate is 0.42 ℃/min.
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Application publication date: 20230328 |