CN115849792B - Method for preparing sprayed concrete by using rock slag and matched rock slag recovery equipment - Google Patents
Method for preparing sprayed concrete by using rock slag and matched rock slag recovery equipment Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009700 powder processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of rock slag treatment equipment in shield equipment construction, in particular to a preparation method of sprayed concrete by utilizing rock slag. Aims at solving the problem of low utilization rate of finished products of the rock slag treatment equipment in the prior art. The method mainly comprises (1) selecting on-site rock blocks; (2) detecting the mechanical properties of the rock mass; (3) cleaning and airing the rock mass; (4) crushing and collecting the rock slag; (5) rock powder processing; (6) a step of preparing sprayed concrete; and (7) preparing the precast block. The advantages are that: the process is simple, the price is low, the environment is protected, no pollution is caused, the prepared high-strength sprayed concrete can reach high strength in a short time, and a good effect is achieved on sealing surrounding rock.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rock slag treatment equipment in shield equipment construction, in particular to a preparation method of sprayed concrete by utilizing rock slag and matched rock slag recovery equipment.
Background
In China, most of constructed water conservancy and railway projects are tunnel projects of mountain through mountain facing the topography characteristics of western regions. A large amount of rock slag is generated in the tunnel construction process, so that the rock slag is convenient to transport out and use in situ, such as filling roadbed, reinforcing foundation and backfilling for buildings in tunnels constructed in cities and plain areas. However, in the western remote areas, due to road restrictions, the ballast generated by the tunnels is generally difficult to transport out, which would otherwise result in significant transportation costs. At present, the generated rock slag is treated by adopting an in-situ piling mode, which can certainly influence the locally fragile ecological environment. Therefore, if the rock ballast can be utilized in situ during the tunnel construction, the method can greatly contribute to environmental protection and cost saving. The sprayed concrete is used as a key material of the primary support of tunnel construction, and is widely applied to tunnel construction. Coarse aggregate of the rice stone is taken as a key material in sprayed concrete, is mainly purchased from quarries at present, and greatly increases the difficulty and cost of acquisition under the condition that roads in western regions are not smooth. Thus, there is a need for in situ partial replacement of coarse aggregate with in situ rock ballast.
At present, many studies have been conducted on the preparation and use methods of the injection prefabricated block. CN114920491a discloses a "a drop rebound shotcrete admixture and a preparation method thereof"; CN108191354a discloses "preparation method of sprayed concrete and sprayed precast block"; CN114873950a discloses "accelerating early strength agent for sprayed concrete, preparation method and use method thereof"; CN107721242a discloses "a quick setting shotcrete". The above patents mainly research additives or preparation methods for improving the performance of the traditional sprayed concrete, and have little research on methods for in-situ recycling of the sprayed concrete based on site rock residues. Huang Shaoxiong et al conducted "comprehensive utilization management study of highway tunnel slag"; geng Biao the research of the application of the sand making technology of tunnel slag processing machine in expressway engineering is carried out; sun Zengming et al conducted a "exploration of a scheme for reducing and recycling tunnel slag in a long and deep tunnel on a plateau of a Sichuan railway". Li Yongjun A study of "reutilization of tunnel ballast in shallow mountain" was performed. The above research papers mention the comprehensive utilization of tunnel ballast and the method of machining sand with the ballast, but do not make intensive studies on how to apply the ballast to the sprayed concrete, what the addition amount is, and the effect of the ballast after being used for the sprayed concrete. Therefore, specific studies on site rock slag for shotcrete are needed to save site construction costs while protecting the site's delicate ecological environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of low utilization rate of finished products of rock slag treatment equipment in the prior art.
The specific scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing sprayed concrete by using rock slag is designed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting on-site rock slag: mainly comprises the following steps: in conventional construction, selecting rock blocks with the thickness of more than 10mm, which are dug out by a hole section of which the rock grade is higher than that of three-stage surrounding rock, according to earlier geological survey data of shield construction;
(2) And (3) rock mechanical property detection: (a) Collecting the rock mass in the step (1), and selecting the rock mass with the uniaxial compressive strength more than or equal to 60Mpa through site point load or uniaxial compressive strength test to form a raw material A; (b) Screening the raw material A by using screening equipment, removing rock blocks with the field thickness less than 15mm, and forming a raw material B; (c) detecting the mud content of the raw material B;
(3) And (5) cleaning and airing the rock mass: and (3) naturally airing the raw material B after washing the raw material B with water to form a raw material C only when the mud content of the raw material B is less than or equal to 2%;
(4) Crushing and collecting rock slag: crushing the raw material C by using a rock crusher, wherein the particle size of the crusher is set to be 5-10mm, so as to form a crushed raw material D;
(5) Rock powder processing: introducing the raw material D into a high-speed grinding machine, grinding into powder to form a raw material E, and then continuously grinding the raw material E into ultrafine particles by using a ball mill to ensure that the fineness of the ultrafine particles reaches 0.1-0.3 mu m to form a raw material F;
(6) Preparing sprayed concrete: the raw material F is used as a part of coarse aggregate to be prepared, the substitution rate is between 5% and 40%, and then the mass part ratio of each substance in the concrete is as follows: 486 parts of cement, 1 part of early strength agent ZQ-1 type agent, 180 parts of water, 844 parts of fine aggregate, 2 parts of superfine rock powder filler, 686 parts of coarse aggregate, wherein the non-retarding water reducer accounts for 1% of the total mass of sprayed concrete, and the ecological alkali-free accelerator accounts for 6% of the total mass of sprayed concrete;
(7) Preparation of precast blocks: (a) Adding ZQ-1 type early strength agent into water, and stirring for 10-15min; (b) Adding cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate into a stirrer, dry-mixing for 5-8min to uniformly mix, then pouring the dry-mixed material into the (a), adding a non-retarding water reducer at the same time, and fully stirring for 10-15min; (c) Adding the prepared superfine rock powder filling material into the step (b), and continuously stirring for 10-12min to enable the rock powder to be fully filled at the interface of coarse and fine aggregate; adding an ecological alkali-free accelerator into the step (c), continuously stirring for 2min, then filling concrete into a standard mould, preparing a concrete test block, and demoulding and curing the prepared concrete test block after the concrete is coagulated;
(8) Intensity review: and testing the strength of the sprayed concrete test block for 1 day and 7 days aiming at the prepared concrete test block to obtain the hardness value variation range of the finished products D1 and D7, thereby obtaining the optimal substitution ratio.
And (3) detecting the mud content by using a quality accurate assessment method in the step (2).
And (3) when the mud content in the step (3) is more than 2%, flushing and airing, adding crushed stone, and measuring again until the mud content reaches the standard.
A rock slag recovery device, which is used in the preparation method of sprayed concrete by using rock slag, sequentially comprises a first-stage screening device arranged at the outlet of a rock slag conveyor belt according to the station sequence, a handheld quality inspection table arranged at the tail part of the first-stage screening device, a second-stage screening detection device arranged at the outlet of the first-stage screening device, a rock crusher and a high-speed grinding machine arranged at the outlet of the second-stage screening detection device, and a concrete raw material mixer arranged at the rear of the high-speed grinding machine, wherein the second-stage screening detection device comprises a screening mechanism and a mud content detection mechanism.
The secondary screening detection equipment comprises a feeding car and a square hopper arranged in the feeding car, wherein a square cage is arranged in the hopper, gaps among ribs of the square cage are larger than 15mm, lifting lugs are arranged at the top of the square cage, metering lines are arranged in the hopper, sealing elements for preventing leakage are arranged on edge lines of the hopper, an inflow pipeline is arranged at the top of the hopper, and a drainage pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the hopper; the bottom of the hopper is provided with a gravity sensing element for measuring the weight of rock materials in the hopper.
The rock crusher is characterized in that the rock crusher is also provided with a stone powder feeding port for quantitatively dropping mud in parallel.
The handheld quality inspection bench comprises an inspection bench and a handheld inspection machine arranged on the inspection bench, and further comprises a remote inspection information screen, wherein an information input end of the remote inspection information screen is connected with a background server, an input end of the background server is connected with real test equipment for single-shaft compressive strength test, the test equipment detects the strength results of sampling samples in each batch to be transmitted to the remote inspection information screen, and a field to be processed for accommodating test materials in each batch is arranged behind the inspection bench.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method has the advantages of simple process, low price, environmental protection and no pollution, and the prepared high-strength sprayed concrete can reach high strength in a short time and has good effect on enclosing surrounding rock;
the device is designed with an effective density detection and adjustment device, on one hand, low-cost filtration of crushed aggregates can be realized, on the other hand, scale marks, water injection quantity and gravity measurement can be combined, and evaluation of stone density can be realized, so that whether the mud content is reasonable or not is judged, the cost is low, the detection is rapid, and the cleaning of stones can be further assisted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microscopic SEM image of the interfacial strength of stone dust filled reinforced coarse and fine aggregates;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the preparation of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the compressive strength of example 1 at various times;
FIG. 4 shows the compressive strength of example 12 at various times;
FIG. 5 shows the compressive strength at various times for example 3;
FIG. 6 shows the compressive strength at various times for example 4;
FIG. 7 shows the compressive strength of example 5 at various times;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage screening test apparatus;
FIG. 9 is a schematic flow diagram of a ballast recovery apparatus;
the names of the components in the figure are as follows: 1. a square hopper; 2. a square cage; 3. lifting lugs; 4. a drain line; 5. an inflow conduit; 6. a metering line; 7. a gravity sensing element; 8. a rock mass; 9. a primary screening device; 10. a handheld quality inspection station; 11. a screening mechanism; 12. stone powder feeding port; 13. a rock breaker; 14. a high-speed grinder; 15. a crushed aggregates collection box; 16. crushing; 17. a concrete raw material mixer; 18. and a transfer trolley frame.
Description of the embodiments
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
A method for preparing sprayed concrete by using rock slag is designed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting on-site rock slag: mainly comprises the following steps: in conventional construction, selecting a rock block 8 with the thickness of more than 10mm, which is dug out by a hole section of which the rock grade is higher than that of three-stage surrounding rock according to earlier geological survey data of shield construction;
(2) And (3) detecting the mechanical properties of the rock mass 8: (a) Collecting the rock mass 8 in the step (1), and selecting the rock mass 8 with the uniaxial compressive strength more than or equal to 60Mpa through site point load or uniaxial compressive strength test to form a raw material A; (b) Screening the raw material A by using screening equipment, removing rock mass 8 with the field thickness less than 15mm, and forming raw material B; (c) detecting the mud content of the raw material B;
(3) And cleaning and airing the rock mass 8: and (3) naturally airing the raw material B after washing the raw material B with water to form a raw material C only when the mud content of the raw material B is less than or equal to 2%;
(4) Crushing and collecting rock slag: crushing the raw material C by using a rock crusher 13, wherein the particle size of the crusher is set to be 5-10mm, so as to form crushed raw material D;
(5) Rock powder processing: introducing the raw material D into a high-speed grinding machine 14, grinding into powder to form a raw material E, and then continuously grinding the raw material E into ultrafine particles by using a ball mill to ensure that the fineness of the ultrafine particles reaches 0.1-0.3 mu m to form a raw material F;
(6) Preparing sprayed concrete: the raw material F is used as a part of coarse aggregate to be prepared, the substitution rate is between 5% and 40%, and then the mass part ratio of each substance in the concrete is as follows: 486 parts of cement, 1 part of early strength agent ZQ-1 type agent, 180 parts of water, 844 parts of fine aggregate, 2 parts of superfine rock powder filler, 686 parts of coarse aggregate, wherein the non-retarding water reducer accounts for 1% of the total mass of sprayed concrete, and the ecological alkali-free accelerator accounts for 6% of the total mass of sprayed concrete;
(7) Preparation of precast blocks: (a) Adding ZQ-1 type early strength agent into water, and stirring for 10-15min; (b) Adding cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate into a stirrer, dry-mixing for 5-8min to uniformly mix the cement, the fine aggregate and the coarse aggregate, pouring the dry-mixed materials into the (a), adding a non-retarding water reducer at the same time, and fully stirring for 10-15min, wherein the coarse aggregate is replaced by 5-40% of rock residues prepared by on-site recovery; (c) Adding the prepared superfine rock powder filling material into the step (b), and continuously stirring for 10-12min to enable the rock powder to be fully filled at the interface of coarse and fine aggregate; adding an ecological alkali-free accelerator into the step (c), continuously stirring for 2min, then filling concrete into a standard mould, preparing a concrete test block, and demoulding and curing the prepared concrete test block after the concrete is coagulated;
(8) Intensity review: and testing the strength of the sprayed concrete test block for 1 day and 7 days aiming at the prepared concrete test block to obtain the hardness value variation range of the finished products D1 and D7, thereby obtaining the optimal substitution ratio.
And (3) detecting the mud content by using a quality accurate assessment method in the step (2). The accurate quality assessment method adopts a common method for detecting the mass volume accounting density or a method for detecting the density by using density detection equipment to detect and average for a plurality of times.
And (3) when the mud content in the step (3) is more than 2%, flushing and airing, adding crushed stone, and measuring again until the mud content reaches the standard.
The embodiment also relates to a rock slag recovery device, the preparation method of sprayed concrete by using the rock slag, which sequentially comprises a first-stage screening device 9 arranged at the outlet of a rock slag conveyor belt according to the station sequence, a handheld quality inspection table 10 positioned at the tail part of the first-stage screening device 9, a second-stage screening detection device positioned at the outlet of the first-stage screening device, a rock crusher 13 positioned at the outlet of the second-stage screening detection device, a high-speed grinder 14, and a concrete raw material mixer 17 positioned behind the high-speed grinder 14, wherein the second-stage screening detection device comprises a screening mechanism 11 and a mud content detection mechanism.
The secondary screening detection equipment comprises a feeding car and a square hopper 1 arranged in the feeding car, wherein a square cage 2 is arranged in the hopper, gaps among ribs of the square cage 2 are larger than 15mm, lifting lugs 3 are arranged at the top of the square cage 2, a metering line 6 is arranged in the hopper, a leakage-proof sealing element is arranged on the edge line of the hopper, an inflow pipeline 5 is arranged at the top of the hopper, and a drainage pipeline 4 is arranged at the bottom of the hopper; the bottom of the hopper is provided with a gravity sensing element for measuring the weight of rock materials in the hopper. In the working process, materials with insufficient thickness can be separated by repeatedly lifting the cage frame, then the materials are put into the feed hopper, after a certain amount of water is added, the weighing of the liquid level line and the bottom inside the material is measured, and the mud content is calculated to reach the standard by utilizing a formula of volume, weight and density and a calculation method. The square hopper 1 and cage design is such that during transport the material leakage can be effectively screened to the particle collection bin 15. Specifically, in this embodiment, if the water content is controlled to be 50L, if the scale mark is displayed to be 60L, it is indicated that the volume of the rock mass 8 is 10L, then the actual density of the rock mass 8 is obtained by combining with gravity, and then the theoretical density is measured by combining with the type of the rock mass 8, the difference value in the middle is the influence of the mud content, the cause of the possible mud content under the result is reversely deduced, the mud content is determined, when the mud content is less than 2%, the next step is performed, and when the mud content does not reach the standard, it is determined that the carried-out stone is not to be added according to the working condition of the site to reduce the mud content. If the site is too far from the stone factory, the transportation cost is too high, the batch of stones is temporarily not used, or is waited for later landfill in a shelving form, or is waited for the time of low transportation cost to be processed under the condition of overall preparation.
The rock crusher 13 is also provided with a stone powder inlet 12 for quantitative mud falling in parallel.
The handheld quality inspection bench 10 includes the handheld detection machine of locating on inspection bench and the inspection bench, still includes the remote detection information screen, the information input of remote detection information screen connects the backstage server, the experimental real test equipment of unipolar compressive strength is connected to the input of backstage server, and the test equipment detects the intensity result of sample in each batch in order to transmit to the remote detection information screen, simultaneously the rear of inspection bench is equipped with the place of waiting to process that holds each batch of test material. The metering result of this method contacts the telematics, although for a longer period of time, but is more accurate.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock is 110Mpa, and then the rock is cleaned and dried through the working procedures of rock mass 8, broken and collected rock slag, rock powder processing and the like, and the rock powder waiting for the preparation of sprayed concrete is used. Adding 1kg of ZQ-1 type early strength agent into 180 kg of water, and fully stirring for 10min; adding 42.5 cement of 486 kg, 844 kg river sand and 5-10mm gravels of 686 kg into a stirrer sequentially, dry-mixing for 8min to uniformly mix the gravels, pouring the dry-mixed materials into the solution, adding 1kg of non-retarding water reducer at the same time, fully stirring for 12min, wherein a part of gravels are purchased through a quarry, and a part of gravels prepared by site recycling are replaced with replacement rates of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% respectively; adding the prepared superfine rock powder filling material into the stirring material, and continuously stirring for 10min; then the sprayed concrete is put into a closed mortar tank for standby; 6% alkali-free accelerator is respectively and uniformly mixed with the sprayed mortar at the spraying head, and the mixture is sprayed on the engineering of the diversion tunnel of Han and Wei in Shanxi province. Meanwhile, the prepared sprayed concrete is filled into standard moulds of 100mm by 100mm, concrete test blocks are prepared, and the performance of the concrete is tested indoors.
The results of the performance test of the sprayed concrete of the examples are shown in the following table
Through data analysis, the utilization limit substitution rate of the rock slag in the embodiment is 35%.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass 8 is 100Mpa, and then the working procedures of cleaning and airing the rock mass 8, crushing and collecting rock slag, processing rock powder and the like are carried out, and the rock mass is used when the sprayed concrete is prepared. Adding 2kg of ZQ-1 type early strength agent into 360 kg of water, and fully stirring for 12min; sequentially adding 972 kg cement, 1688 kg river sand and 5-10mm gravels of 1372 kg into a stirrer, dry-mixing for 10min to uniformly mix, then pouring the dry-mixed materials into the solution, simultaneously adding 2kg of non-retarding water reducer, fully stirring for 15min, wherein a part of gravels are purchased through a quarry, and a part of gravels prepared by on-site recovery are replaced by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% of the gravels respectively; adding the prepared superfine rock powder filling material into the stirring material, and continuously stirring for 12min; then the sprayed concrete is put into a closed mortar tank for standby; 6% alkali-free accelerator is respectively and uniformly mixed with the spraying mortar at the spraying head to be sprayed in the tunnel project of the Sichuan-Tibetan railway Ji La mountain, and the effect is good. Meanwhile, the prepared sprayed concrete is filled into standard moulds of 100mm by 100mm, concrete test blocks are prepared, and the performance of the concrete is tested indoors.
The results of the performance test of the sprayed concrete of the examples are shown in the following table
Through data analysis, the utilization limit substitution rate of the rock slag of the project of the embodiment is 30%.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass 8 is 90Mpa, and then the working procedures of cleaning and airing the rock mass 8, crushing and collecting rock slag, processing rock powder and the like are carried out, and the rock mass is used when the sprayed concrete is prepared. Adding 1kg of ZQ-1 type early strength agent into 180 kg of water, and fully stirring for 11min; sequentially adding 486 kg cement, 844 kg river sand and 5-10mm gravels of 686 kg into a stirrer, dry-mixing for 10min to uniformly mix, then pouring dry-mixed materials into the solution, simultaneously adding 1kg of non-retarding water reducer, fully stirring for 15min, wherein a part of gravels are purchased through a quarry, and a part of gravels prepared by on-site recovery are replaced, and the replacement rates are 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% respectively; adding the prepared superfine rock powder filling material into the stirring material, and continuously stirring for 12min; then the sprayed concrete is put into a closed mortar tank for standby; 6% alkali-free accelerator is uniformly mixed with the sprayed mortar at the spraying head respectively for trial spraying in a second-stage water delivery engineering tunnel project, and the effect is good. Meanwhile, the prepared sprayed concrete is filled into standard moulds of 100mm by 100mm, concrete test blocks are prepared, and the performance of the concrete is tested indoors.
The results of the performance test of the sprayed concrete of the examples are shown in the following table
The limit substitution rate of the ballast utilization in this example was 30%.
Example 4
In the embodiment, the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass 8 is 80Mpa, and then the working procedures of cleaning and airing the rock mass 8, crushing and collecting rock slag, processing rock powder and the like are carried out, and the rock mass is used when the sprayed concrete is prepared. Adding 2kg of ZQ-1 type early strength agent into 360 kg of water, and fully stirring for 12min; sequentially adding 972 kg cement, 1688 kg river sand and 5-10mm gravels of 1372 kg into a stirrer, dry-mixing for 10min to uniformly mix, then pouring the dry-mixed materials into the solution, simultaneously adding 2kg of non-retarding water reducer, fully stirring for 15min, wherein a part of gravels are purchased through a quarry, and a part of gravels prepared by on-site recovery are replaced by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% of the gravels respectively; adding the prepared superfine rock powder filling material into the stirring material, and continuously stirring for 12min; then the sprayed concrete is put into a closed mortar tank for standby; 6% alkali-free accelerator is respectively and uniformly mixed with the sprayed mortar at the spraying head to be sprayed in a tunnel project, and the effect is good. Meanwhile, the prepared sprayed concrete is filled into standard moulds of 100mm by 100mm, concrete test blocks are prepared, and the performance of the concrete is tested indoors.
The results of the performance test of the sprayed concrete of the examples are shown in the following table
The limit substitution rate of the ballast utilization in this example was 25%.
Example 5
In the embodiment, the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock is 90Mpa, and then the working procedures of cleaning and airing the rock mass 8, crushing and collecting the rock slag, processing rock powder and the like are carried out, and the rock mass is used when the sprayed concrete is prepared. Adding 1kg of ZQ-1 type early strength agent into 180 kg of water, and fully stirring for 10min; sequentially adding 486 kg cement, 844 kg river sand and 5-10mm gravels of 686 kg into a stirrer, dry-mixing for 8min to uniformly mix, then pouring dry-mixed materials into the solution, simultaneously adding 1kg of non-retarding water reducer, fully stirring for 12min, wherein a part of gravels are purchased through a quarry, and a part of gravels prepared by on-site recovery are replaced, and the replacement rates are 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% respectively; adding the prepared superfine rock powder filling material into the stirring material, and continuously stirring for 10min; then the sprayed concrete is put into a closed mortar tank for standby; 6% alkali-free accelerator is uniformly mixed with the sprayed mortar at the spraying head respectively for test spraying in tunnel engineering, and the effect is good. Meanwhile, the prepared sprayed concrete is filled into standard moulds of 100mm by 100mm, concrete test blocks are prepared, and the performance of the concrete is tested indoors.
The results of the performance test of the sprayed concrete of the examples are shown in the following table
Through data analysis, the utilization limit substitution rate of the rock slag in the embodiment of the cloud is 30 percent
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preparing sprayed concrete by using rock slag, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting on-site rock slag: mainly comprises the following steps: in conventional construction, selecting rock blocks (8) with the thickness of more than 10mm, which are dug out by hole sections of which the rock grade is higher than that of three-stage surrounding rock, according to earlier geological survey data of shield construction;
(2) And (3) detecting the mechanical properties of the rock mass (8): (a) Collecting the rock blocks (8) in the step (1), and selecting the rock blocks (8) with the uniaxial compressive strength more than or equal to 60Mpa through site point load or uniaxial compressive strength test to form a raw material A; (b) Screening the raw material A by using screening equipment, removing rock blocks (8) with the field thickness less than 15mm, and forming a raw material B; (c) detecting the mud content of the raw material B;
(3) And (3) cleaning and airing the rock blocks (8): and (3) naturally airing the raw material B after washing the raw material B with water to form a raw material C only when the mud content of the raw material B is less than or equal to 2%;
(4) Crushing and collecting rock slag: crushing the raw material C by using a rock crusher (13), wherein the particle size of the crusher is set to be 5-10mm, so as to form a crushed raw material D;
(5) Rock powder processing: introducing the raw material D into a high-speed grinding machine (14), grinding into powder to form a raw material E, and then continuously grinding the raw material E into ultrafine particles by using a ball mill to ensure that the fineness of the ultrafine particles reaches 0.1-0.3 mu m to form a raw material F;
(6) Preparing sprayed concrete: the raw material F is used as a part of coarse aggregate to be prepared, the substitution rate is between 5% and 40%, and then the mass part ratio of each substance in the concrete is as follows: 486 parts of cement, 1 part of early strength agent ZQ-1 type agent, 100-280 parts of water, 800-950 parts of fine aggregate, 2 parts of superfine rock powder filler, 680-700 parts of coarse aggregate, wherein the non-retarding water reducer accounts for 1% of the total mass of sprayed concrete, and the ecological alkali-free accelerator accounts for 6% of the total mass of sprayed concrete;
(7) Preparation of precast blocks: (a) Adding ZQ-1 type early strength agent into water, and stirring for 10-15min; (b) Adding cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate into a stirrer, dry-mixing for 5-8min to uniformly mix the cement, the fine aggregate and the coarse aggregate, pouring the dry-mixed materials into the (a), adding a non-retarding water reducer at the same time, and fully stirring for 10-15min, wherein the coarse aggregate is replaced by 5-40% of rock residues prepared by on-site recovery; (c) Adding the prepared superfine rock powder filling material into the step (b), and continuously stirring for 10-12min to enable the rock powder to be fully filled at the interface of coarse and fine aggregate; adding an ecological alkali-free accelerator into the step (c), continuously stirring for 2min, then filling concrete into a standard mould, preparing a concrete test block, and demoulding and curing the prepared concrete test block after the concrete is coagulated;
(8) Intensity review: aiming at the prepared concrete test block, testing the 1 day and 7 days of strength of the sprayed concrete test block to obtain the hardness value variation range of the finished products D1 and D7, thereby obtaining the optimal substitution proportion;
the rock slag recovery equipment used in the preparation method sequentially comprises first-stage screening equipment (9) arranged at an outlet of a rock slag conveyor belt according to a station sequence, a handheld quality inspection table (10) arranged at the tail part of the first-stage screening equipment (9), second-stage screening detection equipment arranged at the outlet of the first-stage screening equipment, a rock crusher (13) and a high-speed grinding machine (14) arranged at the outlet of the second-stage screening detection equipment, a concrete raw material mixer (17) arranged at the rear of the high-speed grinding machine (14), the second-stage screening detection equipment comprises a screening mechanism (11) and a mud content detection mechanism, the second-stage screening detection equipment comprises a feeding car and a square hopper (1) arranged in the feeding car, square cages (2) are arranged in the hopper, gaps among the ribs of the square cages (2) are larger than 15mm, lifting lugs (3) are arranged at the top of the square cages (2), metering lines (6) are arranged in the hopper, leakage-proof sealing elements are arranged at the edge lines of the hopper, and a flow pipeline (5) is arranged at the top of the hopper; the bottom of the hopper is provided with a gravity sensing element to measure the weight of rock materials in the hopper.
2. The method for preparing shotcrete using rock slag according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) detecting the mud content by using a quality accurate assessment method in the step (2).
3. The method for preparing shotcrete using rock slag according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) when the mud content in the step (3) is more than 2%, flushing and airing, adding crushed stone, and measuring again until the mud content reaches the standard.
4. The method for preparing shotcrete using rock slag according to claim 1, wherein: the feeding port of the rock crusher (13) is also connected in parallel with a stone powder feeding port (12) for quantitatively dropping mud.
5. The method for preparing shotcrete using rock slag according to claim 1, wherein: the handheld quality inspection bench (10) comprises an inspection bench and a handheld inspection machine arranged on the inspection bench, and further comprises a remote inspection information screen, wherein an information input end of the remote inspection information screen is connected with a background server, an input end of the background server is connected with test equipment used for testing the single-shaft compressive strength, the test equipment detects the strength result of a sample in each batch and transmits the result to the remote inspection information screen, and a site to be processed for accommodating test materials in each batch is arranged behind the inspection bench.
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