CN115847121A - Main shaft assembly with central water outlet air blowing function and automatic broach loosening function and numerical control machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a main shaft assembly for central water outlet air blowing and automatic broach loosening and a numerical control machine tool, wherein the main shaft assembly comprises an outer sleeve and a main shaft arranged in the outer sleeve, a pull rod is also arranged in the main shaft, the front end of the pull rod is connected with the rear end of a tool handle through a pull claw and a pull nail, a sealing ring is arranged between the rear end of an annular gap and the inner wall of the main shaft in a sealing and sliding mode, a disc spring is sleeved between the sealing ring and a step-shaped notch in the annular gap, an annular oil cylinder is coaxially arranged at the rear end of the outer sleeve, a piston of the oil cylinder is annular and is communicated front and back, the main shaft penetrates through the piston and can move and rotate relative to the piston, a sliding hole is formed in the front of the main shaft, a broach block penetrates through the sliding hole, an extrusion rod abutting against the rear end of the sealing ring is convexly arranged at the position, corresponding to the annular gap, of the broach block, one end, close to the pull rod, of the broach block is connected with the pull rod, one end, the end, positioned outside the main shaft abuts against the front end of the piston, the main shaft is simple in structure, and water outlet/air blowing and the automatic broach loosening is realized.

Description

Main shaft assembly with central water outlet air blowing function and automatic broach loosening function and numerical control machine tool

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of high-end numerical control machines, in particular to a numerical control machine with a spindle assembly, wherein the spindle assembly is used for central water outlet air blowing and automatic broach loosening.

Background

When the numerical control machine tool is designed and used, in the structural layout of some numerical control planomiller, horizontal boring machine and machining center, the motor and the gearbox are arranged behind (or above) the machine tool. The spindle is in front of (or below) the machine tool. Therefore, the cutter head part has small volume and can enter the workpiece body for cutting. The main shaft is connected with the gearbox through a middle transmission shaft and a coupler to realize remote power transmission. And the main shaft has multiple functions, such as direct connection, central water outlet, central air blowing and broach loosening. In order to retain the functions of the main shaft and transmit torque for a long distance, the invention provides a comprehensive integrated main shaft assembly in the design of the main shaft.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a high-speed spindle assembly for directly connecting center water outlet air blowing and automatic broach loosening aiming at the defects of the prior art.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a center goes out water and blows and main shaft assembly of automatic broach pine sword, includes all to be installed along overcoat and the coaxial rotation that the fore-and-aft direction level set up main shaft in the overcoat, the front end coaxial arrangement of main shaft has the handle of a knife, the rear end of main shaft is worn out extremely outside the overcoat to be connected with the transmission case transmission, still coaxial arrangement has a pull rod in the main shaft, the front end of pull rod through draw claw and blind rivet with the rear end of handle of a knife is connected, the pull rod is tubular pole, the pull rod with annular gap has between the main shaft, the front end of pull rod outwards buckle shape with the kink of the sealed sliding contact of main shaft inner wall, annular gap's rear end with sealed sliding mounting has annular sealing ring between the main shaft inner wall, the main shaft corresponds the cavity treatment is expanded in order to form the step breach in the rear side of kink, be located in the annular gap between sealing ring and the step breach the cover be equipped with the dish spring, the front end of dish spring with the rear end of step breach supports, just the rear end of dish spring with the sealing ring supports, the rear end of overcoat is installed coaxially the piston, and is equipped with the piston is used for a fixed piston connection piston is perforated to the piston piece of main shaft, and the piston is connected the piston, and is connected the piston. The position of the knife striking block corresponding to the annular gap is outwards convexly provided with an extrusion rod which is abutted against the rear end of the sealing ring, one end of the knife striking block, which is close to the pull rod, is connected with the pull rod, one end of the knife striking block, which is positioned outside the main shaft, is abutted against the front end of the piston, the oil cylinder drives the piston to slide forwards so as to drive the knife striking block to overcome the elastic resistance of the disc spring in the slide hole and slide forwards relative to the main shaft, the pull rod is additionally driven to move forwards so as to drive the pull claw to loosen or lock the knife handle to finish knife loosening or knife changing, or the piston is driven to move backwards, and the pull rod and the knife striking block slide backwards under the elastic force of the disc spring to reset.

Further, the hydro-cylinder still includes annular cylinder liner, the inboard middle part of cylinder liner is equipped with annular cavity along the hoop is concave, the piston is the tubulose, and its cover is established in the cylinder liner, just the inboard sealed sliding connection of cylinder liner, the coaxial protruding being equipped with in middle part of piston stretches into ring fender in the cavity, just the outward flange that the ring kept off with the sealed slip of inner wall of cavity offsets, the front end of cylinder liner and rear end all be equipped with the hydraulic fluid port of intercommunication in the cavity, just slide around the piston extremely keep off the ring with when the cylinder liner offsets, the both ends of piston all with the sealed counterbalance of cylinder liner.

Furthermore, the front end of the cylinder sleeve is coaxially connected with the rear end of the outer sleeve through a connecting flange, the rear end of the main shaft extends backwards and penetrates out of the rear end of the piston, and the inner diameter of the piston is larger than the outer diameter of the corresponding position of the main shaft.

Further, still include coaxial fixed mounting in main shaft rear end middle part and with the seat of intaking of main shaft rear end shutoff, the middle part of the seat of intaking runs through its through-hole around being equipped with, the coaxial sealed slidable mounting of front end of through-hole have one with the coaxial distribution's of pull rod slip tube, the front end of slip tube with the rear end of pull rod communicates through a check valve, a check valve only allows water to be carried forward backward, the rear end of the seat of intaking is connected with the transmission shaft through the shaft coupling, and rotary joint provides the cutting fluid at the derailleur external connection.

Furthermore, the front end of the first one-way valve is sleeved inside the rear end of the pull rod, the rear end of the pull rod and the front end of the first one-way valve are stepped, and the front lower end of the knife striking block abuts against the rear end of the pull rod.

Furthermore, a first air hole penetrating through the inside and the outside of the pull rod is formed in the position, corresponding to the sealing ring, of the middle of the pull rod, a hole penetrating through the inside and the outside of the first air hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the first air hole, of the sealing ring, a second one-way valve is installed at one end, close to the hole, of the first air hole, the second one-way valve is located in the hole, a second air hole penetrating through the inside and the outside of the main shaft is formed in the side wall of the main shaft, the second air hole is located in the sliding track of the hole, a third air hole penetrating through the inside and the outside of the main shaft is formed in the side wall of the rear end of the outer sleeve, the third air hole is located in the rotating track of the second air hole, air blowing is conducted into the pull rod when the pull rod, the sealing ring, the main shaft and the outer sleeve move to the first air hole, the second air hole and the third air hole are aligned with each other, the first one-way valve is extruded to be closed to prevent water from entering the pull rod, and the third air hole is located at one end, outside the outer sleeve, namely, the air inlet.

Furthermore, a spacing ring is arranged in the middle of the annular gap in a sliding mode, and the disc springs are arranged at two ends of the spacing ring.

Further, the rear end ring of the main shaft is provided with a key groove to be in transmission connection with the transmission case.

Furthermore, the slide hole ring is provided with a plurality of slide holes, the cutter beating blocks are provided with a plurality of cutter beating blocks, the cutter beating blocks are arranged corresponding to the slide holes, and each cutter beating block is arranged in the slide hole corresponding to the cutter beating block.

The invention also provides a numerical control machine tool which comprises the main shaft assembly for central water outlet blowing and automatic broach loosening.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the invention, the rear end ring of the main shaft is provided with the key groove, so that the main shaft can be connected with a gearbox of a numerical control machine tool through a coupling transmission shaft, and the transmission connection is convenient; the rear end of the pull rod is connected with the sliding pipe through the first one-way valve, so that the first one-way valve is opened when the water inlet seat is filled with water, and water is supplied into the pull rod, namely the water is not supplied to the main shaft when the main shaft rotates to work, but the first air hole, the second air hole and the third air hole are arranged on the pull rod, the main shaft and the outer sleeve. Thus, the main shaft assembly can realize central water spraying or air blowing; when the tool is loosened and the tool is changed, the oil cylinder only needs to push the knife beating block to extrude the pull rod to slide forwards and extrude the pull claw and the pull nail to clamp or loosen the tool shank, and when the piston of the oil cylinder moves backwards, the pull rod and the knife beating block move backwards and reset under the action of the disc spring.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a spindle assembly for center water blow and automatic broach unclamping in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a tie rod according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a seal ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a top view of a seal ring according to an embodiment of the invention.

In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:

1. the device comprises an outer sleeve, 2, a main shaft, 3, a knife handle, 4, a pull rod, 5, a sealing ring, 6, an oil cylinder, 7, a disc spring, 8, a knife beating block, 9, a connecting flange, 10, a water inlet seat, 11, a sliding pipe, 12 and a first check valve,

101. a third air hole 201, a step-shaped notch 202, a sliding hole 203, a second air hole 204, a key groove 401, a pulling claw 402, a pulling nail 403, a first air hole 501, an eyelet 601, a piston 602, a cylinder sleeve 603, a ring stop 801 and an extrusion rod.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a spindle assembly for central water outlet air blowing and automatic broach loosening, which comprises an outer sleeve 1 and a spindle 2 coaxially and rotatably installed in the outer sleeve 1, wherein the outer sleeve 1 and the spindle 2 are horizontally arranged along the front-back direction, a tool shank 3 is coaxially installed at the front end of the spindle 2, the rear end of the spindle 2 penetrates out of the outer sleeve 1 and is in transmission connection with a transmission box, a pull rod 4 is coaxially installed in the spindle 2, the front end of the pull rod 4 is connected with the rear end of the tool shank 3 through a pull claw 401 and a pull nail 402, the pull rod 4 is a tubular rod, an annular gap is formed between the pull rod 4 and the spindle 2, the front end of the pull rod 4 is bent outwards to form a bent part 401 in sealing sliding contact with the inner wall of the spindle 2, and an annular sealing ring 5 is arranged between the rear end of the annular gap and the inner wall of the spindle 2 in sealing sliding manner, the main shaft 2 is provided with a step-shaped notch 201 (see fig. 2 for details) by performing cavity expanding treatment on the rear side of the bending portion 401, a disc spring 7 is sleeved between the sealing ring 5 and the step-shaped notch 201 in the annular gap, the front end of the disc spring 7 abuts against the rear end of the step-shaped notch 201, the rear end of the disc spring 7 abuts against the sealing ring 5, an annular oil cylinder 6 is coaxially installed at the rear end of the outer sleeve 1, a piston 601 of the oil cylinder 6 is annular and is communicated from front to back, the main shaft 2 penetrates through the piston 601 and can rotate relative to the piston 601, the main shaft 2 is provided with a sliding hole 202 penetrating through the main shaft 2 in front of the piston 601, a cutter block 8 penetrates through the sliding hole 202, and a pressing rod 801 abutting against the rear end of the sealing ring 5 is convexly arranged at the position of the cutter block 8 corresponding to the annular gap, one end of the knife forging block 8, which is close to the pull rod 4, is connected with the pull rod 4, one end of the knife forging block 8, which is positioned outside the spindle 2, is abutted against the front end of the piston 601, the oil cylinder 6 drives the piston 601 to slide forwards so as to drive the knife forging block 8 to overcome the elastic resistance of the disc spring 7 in the sliding hole 202 and slide forwards relative to the spindle 2, and in addition, the pull rod 4 is driven to move forwards so as to drive the pull claw 401 to loosen or lock the knife handle 3 to complete knife loosening or knife changing, or the piston 601 is driven to move backwards, and the pull rod 4 and the knife forging block 8 slide backwards under the elastic action of the disc spring 7 to reset. The main shaft is rotary when working, the oil cylinder is fixedly connected on the outer sleeve and does not rotate, the main shaft penetrates through an inner hole of the piston, the pull claw and the rivet release tool push the pull rod at the center of the main shaft and compress the disc spring to achieve the purpose of releasing the tool, the piston is arranged outside the main shaft, a tool striking block penetrates through the main shaft and enables the piston to realize transmission transition between the pull rods, and therefore a section of square hole is formed in the front main shaft of the piston to be the sliding hole (the length of the square hole in the front-back direction = the front-back thickness of the tool striking block + the tool releasing stroke + a reserved gap). The unclamping block can be fixedly connected with the pull rod through a cover cap fixedly mounted on the pull rod (the cover cap can be equivalent to an extrusion rod, and the extrusion rod is fixed on the pull rod). When the knife is loosened, the piston drives the knife beating block to push the pull rod to move forwards and compress the disc spring to loosen the knife.

As the tool loosening force of the spindle assembly is 35000N, the tool striking block is made of high-strength materials. The 30CrMnSiA alloy structural steel material used by the repeated tests has the highest impact work value and the best strength and toughness after quenching and tempering hardness to HRC 35-40.

The assembling and connecting mode among the knife handle, the rivet and the pull claw belongs to the prior art, and detailed description is not provided in the embodiment.

In the embodiment, the oil cylinder 6 is arranged at the rear end of the outer sleeve 1, the main shaft 2 penetrates through the piston 601, so that the pull rod 4 is arranged in the main shaft 2 more flexibly, wherein the main shaft 2 can rotate relative to the outer sleeve 1, the pull rod 4 can rotate synchronously along with the main shaft 2, the pull rod can also slide back and forth in the main shaft 2 to push the pull claw 401 and the pull nail 402 to loosen or change tools, and in addition, the piston 601 does not rotate, the unclamping block 8 can rotate along with the main shaft 2, so the unclamping block 8 is abutted to the piston 601, and mutual interference can be avoided.

Further, the hydro-cylinder 6 still includes annular cylinder liner 602, the annular cavity is equipped with along the hoop recess in the middle part of cylinder liner 602 inboard, piston 601 is the tubulose, and its cover is established in the cylinder liner 602, just the inboard sealed sliding connection of cylinder liner 602, the coaxial protruding ring in middle part of piston 601 is equipped with and stretches into ring in the cavity keeps off 603, just the outward flange that the ring kept off 603 with the sealed slip of inner wall of cavity offsets, the front end of cylinder liner 602 and rear end all be equipped with the hydraulic fluid port of intercommunication in the cavity, just slide around the piston 601 to keep off the ring with when the cylinder liner 602 offsets, the both ends of piston 601 all with the sealed counterbalance of cylinder liner 602.

Further, the front end of the cylinder sleeve 602 is coaxially connected with the rear end of the outer sleeve 1 through a connecting flange 9, the rear end of the main shaft 2 extends backwards and penetrates out of the rear end of the piston 601, and the inner diameter of the piston 601 is larger than the outer diameter of the main shaft 2 at the corresponding position (the diameter difference is about 1-2 mm). The two ends of the connecting flange are respectively provided with a flange structure, the flange structure at the front end is connected with the flange at the rear end of the outer sleeve, and the flange structure at the rear end is connected with the flange of the cylinder sleeve

Further, still include coaxial fixed mounting and in 2 rear end middle parts of main shaft and incite somebody to action 2 rear end shutoff of main shaft advance water stand 10, advance water stand 10's middle part and be equipped with the through-hole that runs through it around, the coaxial sealed slidable mounting in front end of through-hole have one with the coaxial distribution's of pull rod 4 slip tube 11, the front end of slip tube 11 with the rear end of pull rod 4 is through a check valve 12 intercommunication, check valve 12 only allows water by the back preceding transport, the rear end of advancing water stand 10 supplies rotary joint to connect. Wherein, the sliding pipe can slide back and forth relative to the water inlet seat, but is always communicated with the water inlet seat.

The first one-way valve is a tubular one-way valve, two ends of the first one-way valve are respectively connected with one end of the pull rod, which is close to the sliding pipe, the first one-way valve is opened when the water inlet seat is filled with water, and the first one-way valve is closed when the air inlet is filled with air.

Furthermore, the front end of the first one-way valve 12 is sleeved inside the rear end of the pull rod 4, the rear end of the pull rod 4 and the front end of the first one-way valve 12 are stepped, the front lower end of the knife striking block 8 abuts against the rear end of the pull rod 4, and therefore the pull rod 4 and the knife striking block 8 are not affected by each other (preferably, the knife striking block and the pull rod are fixedly connected, and meanwhile, the lower end of the knife striking block abuts against the rear end of the pull rod, so that the forward moving effect of the pull rod under the pushing of the knife striking block is better).

Further, a first air hole 403 (see fig. 3 in detail) penetrating through the inside and the outside of the pull rod 4 is formed in the middle of the pull rod 4 corresponding to the sealing ring 5, an eyelet 501 (see fig. 4 and fig. 5 in detail) penetrating through the inside and the outside of the first air hole 403 is formed in the position, corresponding to the first air hole 403, of the sealing ring 5, a second one-way valve 13 is installed at one end, close to the eyelet 501, of the first air hole 403, the second one-way valve 13 is located in the eyelet 501, a second air hole 203 penetrating through the inside and the outside of the main shaft 2 is formed in the side wall of the main shaft 2, the second air hole 203 is located in the sliding track of the eyelet 501, a third air hole 101 penetrating through the inside and the outside of the outer sleeve 1 is formed in the side wall of the rear end of the outer sleeve 1, the third air hole 101 is located in the rotating track of the second air hole, the pull rod 4, the sealing ring 5, the main shaft 2 and the outer sleeve 1 move to the first air hole 403, the eyelet 501, the second air hole 203 and the third air hole 101 are aligned with the first air hole 12, and the outer sleeve 4, so that water is prevented from entering the outer sleeve 101. Wherein. The second one-way valve only allows air flow to blow into the drawbar.

Wherein, the air inlet lets in to be highly-compressed air, and the mountable rotation pressure film sealing washer in both ends of third gas pocket, so when the main shaft is rotatory, rotation pressure film sealing washer is not stressed, and stop at main shaft 2, and when first gas pocket, second gas pocket and third gas pocket align, the air inlet blows this moment, rotation pressure film sealing washer pressurized closure work is sealed, the air reentrant main shaft 2, through the second gas pocket 203 of main shaft 2, the air enters the second check valve 13 on the pull rod 4, enter the center of pull rod 4 through second check valve 13, the clean handle of a knife of highly-compressed air during the tool changing.

Furthermore, a space ring 14 is arranged in the middle of the annular gap in a sliding mode, and the disc springs 7 are arranged at two ends of the space ring 14.

Further, the rear end ring of the main shaft 2 is provided with a key groove 204 for driving connection with a transmission case.

Furthermore, the sliding holes 202 are annularly provided with a plurality of sliding holes, the cutter blocks 8 are provided with a plurality of cutter blocks 8, the cutter blocks 8 are arranged corresponding to the sliding holes 202, each cutter block 8 is arranged in the corresponding sliding hole 202, and therefore the cutter blocks can move annularly and synchronously to push the pull rod to move forwards, and the operation is more stable.

Example 2

The invention also provides a numerical control machine tool which comprises the spindle assembly for central water outlet blowing and automatic broach loosening in the embodiment 1.

The main shaft assembly for central water outlet air blowing and automatic broach loosening has the following beneficial effects:

1. the direct connection between the main shaft and a remote transmission shaft of a gearbox (or a servo motor) is realized, and the rear end of the main shaft is connected with the transmission shaft through a coupler;

2. the multifunctional main shaft is realized: (1) the center of the front end of the main shaft can discharge water; (2) the center of the main shaft can be blown to clean the taper hole and the tool handle, (3) the main shaft automatically releases the tool and automatically tightens the tool;

3. a plurality of functions of the main shaft and the machine tool are integrated on one main shaft assembly, the design and installation of the machine tool are simplified, the precision of the main shaft is improved, the rotation precision of the main shaft is within 0.003mm, the installation and the use are convenient and reliable, the main shaft assembly can be directly inserted into a box body hole, the main shaft assembly is fixed by bolts, and the main shaft assembly can be used after being connected with an oil pipe, an air pipe, a coupler and the like.

4. The multiple functions of the spindle assembly can be used singly or in combination, and the spindle assembly is applied to high-end numerical control machines (vertical machining centers, horizontal machining centers, gantry machining centers and horizontal numerical control machines) to expand the machining functions of the numerical control machines and improve the grade and the capability of the numerical control machines.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a main shaft assembly of center play water gas blowing and automatic broach pine sword, includes all to follow overcoat (1) and the coaxial rotation that the fore-and-aft direction level set up and installs main shaft (2) in overcoat (1), the front end coaxial arrangement of main shaft (2) has handle of a knife (3), the rear end of main shaft (2) is worn out extremely outside overcoat (1) to be connected with the transmission case transmission, still coaxial arrangement has a pull rod (4) in main shaft (2), the front end of pull rod (4) through draw claw (401) and blind rivet (402) with the rear end of handle of a knife (3) is connected, pull rod (4) are tubular pole, pull rod (4) with annular gap has between main shaft (2), its characterized in that, the front end of pull rod (4) outwards buckle shape with the kink of the sealed sliding contact of main shaft (2) inner wall, annular sealing ring (5) is installed to sealed sliding between the rear end of annular gap and the main shaft (2) inner wall, main shaft (2) correspond the rear end of kink shape recess is equipped with the dish spring (201) that expands the dish-shaped gap (7), the dish-shaped gap (201) and dish spring (7) are located to dish-shaped gap (201), the dish-shaped gap (201) and dish-shaped gap (7) are supported, the rear end of the outer sleeve (1) is coaxially provided with an annular oil cylinder (6), a piston (601) of the oil cylinder (6) is annular and is penetrated through from front to back, the main shaft (2) penetrates through the piston (601), the main shaft (2) can rotate relative to the piston (601), a sliding hole (202) penetrating through the main shaft (2) is formed in the front of the piston (601), a cutter block (8) penetrates through the sliding hole (202), an extrusion rod (801) which is abutted to the rear end of the sealing ring (5) is arranged at the position, corresponding to the annular gap, of the cutter block (8) in a forward protruding mode, one end, close to the pull rod (4), of the cutter block (8) is connected with the pull rod (4), one end, located outside the main shaft (2), of the cutter hitting block (8) abuts against the front end of the piston (601), the oil cylinder (6) drives the piston (601) to slide forwards to drive the cutter hitting block (8) to overcome elastic resistance of the disc spring (7) in the sliding hole (202) and slide forwards relative to the main shaft (2), the pull rod (4) is additionally driven to move forwards to drive the pull claw (401) to loosen or lock the tool shank (3) to finish tool loosening or tool changing, or the piston (601) is driven to move backwards, and the pull rod (4) and the cutter hitting block (8) are located on the elastic force of the disc spring (7) And the slide is reset under the action of backward sliding.

2. The main shaft assembly of central water-outlet air blowing and automatic broach unclamping according to claim 1, characterized in that, the oil cylinder (6) still includes annular cylinder sleeve (602), the annular cavity is concavely provided along the hoop in the middle part of the cylinder sleeve (602) inboard, piston (601) is tubulose, its cover is established in cylinder sleeve (602), and the sealed sliding connection in cylinder sleeve (602) inboard, the coaxial protruding ring fender (603) that stretches into in the cavity that is equipped with in middle part of piston (601), and the outward flange of ring fender (603) with the sealed sliding counterbalance of inner wall of cavity, the front end and the rear end of cylinder sleeve (602) all are equipped with the hydraulic fluid port of intercommunication in the cavity, and piston (601) slide to around when the fender ring with cylinder sleeve (602) counterbalance, the both ends of piston (601) all with the cylinder sleeve (602) sealed counterbalance.

3. The main shaft assembly of central water-outlet air-blowing and automatic broach unclamping according to claim 2, characterized in that the front end of the cylinder sleeve (602) is coaxially connected with the rear end of the outer sleeve (1) through a connecting flange (9), the rear end of the main shaft (2) extends backwards and penetrates out of the rear end of the piston (601), and the inner diameter of the piston (601) is larger than the outer diameter of the main shaft (2) at the corresponding position.

4. The spindle assembly of central water outlet air blowing and automatic broach unclamping according to claim 3, characterized by further comprising a water inlet seat (10) coaxially and fixedly installed in the middle of the rear end of the spindle (2) and plugging the rear end of the spindle (2), wherein a through hole penetrating through the water inlet seat (10) is formed in the middle of the water inlet seat, a sliding pipe (11) coaxially and hermetically installed at the front end of the through hole and coaxially distributed with the pull rod (4), the front end of the sliding pipe (11) is communicated with the rear end of the pull rod (4) through a first check valve (12), the first check valve (12) only allows water to be conveyed from back to front, and the rear end of the water inlet seat (10) is connected with a rotary joint.

5. The spindle assembly of central water outlet air blowing and automatic broach unclamping according to claim 4, characterized in that the front end of the first check valve (12) is sleeved inside the rear end of the pull rod (4), a step shape is formed between the rear end of the pull rod (4) and the front end of the first check valve (12), and the front lower end of the unclamping block (8) is abutted against the rear end of the pull rod (4).

6. The spindle assembly of central water outlet air blowing and automatic broach unclamping according to claim 5, characterized in that a first air hole (403) penetrating through the inside and outside of the tie rod (4) is provided at a position corresponding to the sealing ring (5) in the middle of the tie rod, and a hole (501) penetrating through the inside and outside of the tie rod and aligned with the first air hole (403) is provided at a position corresponding to the first air hole (403) in the sealing ring (4), a second one-way valve is installed at one end of the first air hole (403) close to the hole (501), the second one-way valve is located in the hole (501), a second air hole (203) penetrating through the inside and outside of the tie rod is provided on a side wall of the spindle (2), the second air hole (203) is located on a sliding track of the hole (501), a third air hole (101) penetrating through the inside and outside of the tie rod is provided on a side wall of a rear end of the outer sleeve (1), and the third air hole (101) is located on a rotating track of the second air hole (203), the tie rod (4), the sealing ring (5), the spindle (2), the first air hole (403), the outer sleeve (403), the first air hole (403), the tie rod (4) and the tie rod (4), the first air hole (501), the second air hole (501) and the second air hole (501) are aligned with the first air hole (403), and one end of the third air hole (101) positioned outside the outer sleeve (1) is an air inlet.

7. The spindle assembly of central water blowing and automatic broach unclamping according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that a spacer ring is also slidably mounted in the middle of the annular gap, and the disc springs (7) are provided at both ends of the spacer ring.

8. The central water blowing and automatic broach unclamping spindle assembly according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the rear end ring of the spindle (2) is provided with a keyway (204) for driving connection with a transmission case.

9. The spindle assembly of central water-outlet air-blowing and automatic broach loosing tool according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the slide hole (202) is provided with a plurality of rings, the tool beating blocks (8) are provided with a plurality of rings, and the plurality of tool beating blocks (8) are arranged corresponding to the plurality of slide holes (202), and each tool beating block (8) is arranged in the slide hole (202) corresponding to the tool beating block.

10. A numerically controlled machine tool comprising the central water-outlet air-blowing and automatic broach-releasing spindle assembly of any one of claims 1-9.

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