CN115846936A - High-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal, preparation method thereof and brazing method of PDC drill bit - Google Patents
High-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal, preparation method thereof and brazing method of PDC drill bit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of brazing filler metal, and particularly relates to a high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal, a preparation method thereof and a brazing method of a PDC drill bit. The invention provides a high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50-55 parts of Cu, 10-15 parts of Au, 25-30 parts of Mn, 2.5-3.0 parts of Ni and 0.5-1.5 parts of wear-resistant particles. The high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal disclosed by the invention is a copper-based brazing filler metal, contains a noble metal Au, has strong affinity to a hard alloy and good high-temperature performance, can enhance the wettability of the brazing filler metal to the hard alloy, and improves the strength and the high-temperature performance of a joint; the wear-resistant particles in the brazing filler metal are dispersed in the brazing seams to synergistically enhance the strength and the wear resistance of the brazing filler metal layer, and the brazing filler metal is suitable for brazing PDC drill bits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of brazing filler metal, particularly relates to brazing filler metal for brazing a PDC drill bit, and more particularly relates to high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal, a preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal and a brazing method of the PDC drill bit.
Background
Polycrystalline diamond compacts (PDC compacts) are ideal materials for the manufacture of cutting tools, drill bits, and other wear resistant tools. The PDC composite sheet is a composite body formed by sintering a layer of polycrystalline diamond on a cemented carbide substrate at high temperature and high pressure (usually 5 ten thousand atmospheric pressure and 1500 ℃). The PDC compact can utilize the high hardness and the high wear resistance of the polycrystalline diamond layer and utilize the hard alloy matrix to bear the impact load of cutting rocks or metal materials, so that the polycrystalline diamond layer is prevented from being broken.
The PDC drill bit mainly comprises a drill bit body, cutting teeth, a joint and the like, wherein the cutting teeth are mainly polycrystalline diamond compacts which are arranged on the drill bit body according to a certain rule. The brazing of a PDC bit is actually the brazing of a PDC composite sheet to a bit body, and specifically the brazing between the bit body (steel matrix) of the bit and the cemented carbide matrix portion on the PDC composite sheet. Unlike conventional cemented carbide brazing, the brazing temperature of the above brazing process is inevitably limited by the thermal stability of the polycrystalline layer diamond.
At present, the brazing of the PDC drill bit has the following problems: (1) Due to the limitation of the thermal stability of polycrystalline diamond, most of the existing solders are low-temperature silver solders, such as AgCu solders mentioned in the patent publication No. CN 106270883B. When the PDC drill bit is brazed by the low-temperature silver brazing filler metal, because the strength and the wear resistance of the brazing filler metal are poor, the phenomena of desoldering and edge breaking of the PDC drill bit are frequently caused. This is due to: the brazing filler metal has low strength, so that the bonding strength of the PDC composite sheet and a steel matrix is low, and the composite sheet is easy to desolder; the brazing filler metal has poor wear resistance, the brazing filler metal layer is easy to fall off, and the clad composite sheet can be also subjected to desoldering. (2) The existing brazing is mostly atmospheric induction brazing, namely, the PDC drill bit needs to be preheated in the box type resistance furnace to a certain temperature and then taken out to be brazed in an induction welder coil, and in the process, the work piece is cooled quickly, so that the work piece needs to be reheated, and the time consumption of a conversion site is long, so that the brazing efficiency is low. (3) Because of the influence of the thermal stability of the diamond polycrystalline layer, the polycrystalline diamond layer is easy to be thermally damaged when the high-temperature brazing temperature exceeds 800 ℃, and how to protect the polycrystalline diamond layer is a difficult problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, a first object of the present invention is to provide a high strength wear resistant brazing filler metal, which has high strength and good wear resistance of a welded joint.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal, which is simple to operate and easy to implement.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a brazing method of the PDC drill bit, which can realize self-protection high-temperature brazing of the PDC drill bit, and the polycrystalline diamond layer has no thermal damage, high joint strength and good wear resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal adopts the technical scheme that:
the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50-55 parts of Cu, 10-15 parts of Au, 25-30 parts of Mn, 2.5-3.0 parts of Ni and 0.5-1.5 parts of wear-resistant particles.
The high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal disclosed by the invention is a copper-based brazing filler metal, contains a noble metal Au, has strong affinity to a hard alloy and good high-temperature performance, can enhance the wettability of the brazing filler metal to the hard alloy, and improves the strength and the high-temperature performance of a joint; the wear-resistant particles in the brazing filler metal are dispersed in the brazing seams to synergistically enhance the strength and the wear resistance of the brazing filler metal layer.
In a further preferred embodiment, the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal is a bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal. The high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal provided by the invention is in a bottomless cylindrical shape, the brazing filler metal can be coated outside a PDC composite sheet in advance when in use, and in the high-temperature brazing process, because the brazing filler metal is outside the composite sheet, based on the induction skin effect, the external brazing filler metal is heated to high temperature firstly, and the brazing filler metal is melted and spread outside the PDC composite sheet, so that the composite sheet can be prevented from being damaged by overheating, and the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal has a self-protection effect.
The bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal adopted by the invention is thin-wall brazing filler metal. Further, the wall thickness of the bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal is 0.8-2.0 mm.
The size of the brazing filler metal is not specially limited, and the brazing filler metal can be reasonably selected according to the size of the PDC composite sheet and the use working condition of the drill bit. During the actual application, only need guarantee the inner tube size of the wear-resisting brazing filler metal that excels in and the size looks adaptation of the compound piece of PDC can, the complete cladding of the compound piece of PDC can be realized to the inner tube size of the wear-resisting brazing filler metal that excels in promptly.
Preferably, the wear-resistant particles are one or more of YG8, YG6, WC, diamond powder, cubic boron nitride and aluminum oxide ceramic particles, and the particle size of the wear-resistant particles is 75-105 μm.
The preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant solder adopts the technical scheme that:
the preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant solder comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking a Cu-Mn intermediate alloy, a Cu-Ni intermediate alloy, cu powder and Au powder according to the proportion, and smelting to obtain molten metal; or, taking Mn powder, ni powder, cu powder and Au powder according to the proportion, and smelting to obtain molten metal;
(2) Adding wear-resistant particles into the molten metal obtained in the step (1), and uniformly stirring to obtain a brazing filler metal liquid;
(3) And (3) injecting the brazing filler metal liquid into a graphite mold cavity which is coated with demolding oil in advance, and then cooling and demolding to obtain the brazing filler metal.
The preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant solder provided by the invention is simple in operation steps, easy to realize, capable of realizing effective preparation of the high-strength wear-resistant solder and suitable for industrial application.
In the method, in the step (1), the smelting process can be carried out in a graphite crucible, and the smelting mode can adopt induction heating. Further preferably, the temperature of the smelting is 1100-1200 ℃.
Further, the mold release oil is at least one of rapeseed oil, soybean oil and peanut oil.
In order to effectively realize the self-protection brazing of the PDC drill bit, the size of a mold core of an adopted graphite mold cavity is preferably matched with that of a PDC composite sheet to be brazed.
The brazing method of the PDC drill bit adopts the technical scheme that:
a method of brazing a PDC drill bit including a bit substrate and a PDC compact; the brazing filler metal adopted by brazing is the bottomless cylindrical high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal, the size of an inner cylinder of the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal is matched with that of the PDC composite sheet, and the specific brazing method comprises the following steps:
(a) Cleaning the welding surface of the drill bit matrix and the PDC composite sheet;
(b) Coating soldering flux paste on the surface of the PDC composite sheet, sleeving the PDC composite sheet into a brazing filler metal cylinder of the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal, coating the soldering flux paste on the outer part of the brazing filler metal cylinder, and sequentially embedding the brazing filler metal cylinder into a cutting edge groove of a drill bit substrate to form an assembled PDC drill bit;
(c) And under the protection of protective gas, carrying out preheating treatment on the assembled PDC drill bit, and then carrying out induction brazing to obtain the PDC drill bit.
The brazing method of the PDC drill bit disclosed by the invention adopts the bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal, so that the PDC composite sheet can be effectively prevented from being damaged by overheating in the brazing process, and a good self-protection effect is achieved. Meanwhile, metal elements and wear-resistant particles contained in the brazing filler metal can be dispersed in brazing seams to synergistically enhance the strength and wear resistance of a brazing filler metal layer. Furthermore, the whole preheating-brazing process is protected by protective gas, the protective gas is combined with external protection of the brazing filler metal form, and nondestructive high-temperature brazing of the PDC composite sheet can be effectively realized.
In the step (a), the cleaning is to remove oil stains and oxides on the welding surface of the drill bit substrate and the PDC composite sheet.
Further, the drill bit base body is a steel base body. The material of the steel matrix is not particularly limited, and the steel matrix which is conventionally used for PDC drill bits in the field can be adopted, and the steel matrix can be any one of 23CrNiMoA, 35CrNiMoA and 45CrNiMoA.
In the step (b), the solder paste is any one of FB102, FB101, FB104 and QJ 205.
Further preferably, the protective gas is argon-hydrogen mixed gas, and the volume percentage of hydrogen in the mixed gas is 5%. Argon-hydrogen mixed gas is continuously introduced in the whole preheating-brazing process, so that the high-temperature protection effect of the PDC composite sheet can be further improved.
In the step (c), preferably, the preheating treatment adopts a box-type resistance furnace, an induction coil is arranged in the box-type resistance furnace, and a furnace body of the box-type resistance furnace is provided with an organic glass window, and the interior of the box-type resistance furnace is visible; the induction brazing adopts an induction welding machine, and the induction welding machine is arranged on the outer side of the box type resistance furnace. In the operation, the traditional box type resistance furnace and the induction brazing coil are integrated, so that the preheating and brazing are integrated, and the brazing efficiency is improved.
Further, the temperature of the preheating treatment is 450-600 ℃, and the time of the preheating treatment is 15-20 min; the temperature of the induction brazing is 900-930 ℃, and the induction brazing time is 8-15s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal is copper-based brazing filler metal, contains Au and wear-resistant particles, and can synergistically enhance the strength and the wear resistance of a welding line.
(2) The high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal provided by the invention can be set to be in a bottomless cylindrical shape, can be preset outside a PDC composite sheet when in use, has a self-protection effect, and can effectively prevent thermal damage in the high-temperature brazing process of a polycrystalline diamond layer.
(3) The brazing method of the PDC drill bit integrates preheating and induction brazing, improves brazing efficiency, and can further prevent the thermal damage of the polycrystalline diamond layer because the welding assembly is in a gas protection atmosphere in the whole preheating-brazing process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the assembly of the high strength wear resistant brazing filler metal and the PDC composite sheet of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a box-type resistance furnace involved in the brazing process of the PDC bit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of wettability of the high strength wear resistant brazing filler metal of example 1 of the present invention (left) and the brazing filler metal of comparative example 3 (right) on cemented carbide;
FIG. 4 is a macro topography of a PDC bit brazed according to the brazing method of the PDC bits of example 1 (right drawing) and comparative example 4 (left drawing) of the present invention;
wherein, in fig. 1, 1 is a polycrystalline diamond layer; 2-a cemented carbide substrate; 3-bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
In the following examples, the steel substrate used was 23CrNiMoA. In other embodiments, steel substrates of other materials, such as 35CrNiMoA, 45CrNiMoA, may also be used.
In the following examples, the PDC composite sheet used was composed of a cemented carbide substrate and a polycrystalline diamond layer sintered on the surface of the cemented carbide substrate. The cemented carbide was of type YG6, and in other examples, YG8 and YG20 were used.
In the following embodiment, the assembly schematic diagram of the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal and the PDC composite sheet is shown in fig. 1, the PDC composite sheet is composed of a hard alloy substrate 2 and a polycrystalline diamond layer 1, the PDC composite sheet is sleeved in a brazing filler metal cylinder of a bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal 3 during assembly, wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer 1 is close to the top of the brazing filler metal cylinder, and the hard alloy substrate 2 is close to the bottom of the brazing filler metal cylinder.
In the following examples, a schematic diagram of a box-type resistance furnace involved in the brazing process of PDC bits is shown in fig. 2. The box-type resistance furnace is internally provided with an induction display coil and an organic glass window, and the interior of the box-type resistance furnace is visible.
1. Examples of the embodiments
Example 1
The high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal provided by the embodiment is a bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of Cu, 10 parts of Au, 25 parts of Mn, 2.5 parts of Ni and 0.5 part of wear-resistant particles. Wherein, the wall thickness of the bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal is 0.8mm. The wear resistant particles were YG8, with a particle size of 75 μm.
The preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant solder comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding Cu-Mn intermediate alloy, cu-Ni intermediate alloy, cu powder and Au powder into a graphite crucible by mass, and carrying out induction heating to 1100-1200 ℃ to melt into molten metal; wherein the Cu-Mn intermediate alloy is Cu-33Mn, and the Cu-Ni intermediate alloy is Cu-10Ni;
(2) Adding wear-resistant particles into the molten metal obtained in the step (1), and uniformly stirring to obtain a brazing filler metal liquid;
(3) And (3) injecting the brazing filler metal liquid into a graphite mold cavity which is uniformly coated with demolding oil in advance, and then cooling and demolding to obtain the brazing filler metal. Wherein the mold release oil is rapeseed oil; the size of the mold core of the graphite mold cavity is matched with the size of the PDC composite sheet to be brazed subsequently.
In the brazing method of the PDC drill bit provided in this embodiment, the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal of embodiment 1 is used as the brazing filler metal. The PDC drill bit comprises a drill bit matrix and a PDC composite sheet; the size of the inner cylinder of the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal is matched with the size of the PDC composite sheet, and the specific brazing method comprises the following steps:
(a) Removing oil stains and oxides on the welding surface of a bit matrix of the PDC bit and the PDC composite sheet; the drill bit base body is a steel base body;
(b) Coating a layer of QJ102 soldering paste on the surface of the PDC composite sheet, sleeving the PDC composite sheet into a brazing filler metal cylinder of the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal, coating a layer of QJ102 soldering paste on the outer part of the brazing filler metal cylinder, and sequentially embedding the brazing filler metal cylinder into a cutting edge groove of a drill bit substrate to form an assembled PDC drill bit;
(c) Placing the assembled PDC drill bit in a box-type resistance furnace, and placing the part to be welded at a proper position of an induction coil; continuously introducing argon-hydrogen mixed gas with the volume percentage of 5% hydrogen into the resistance furnace, and then turning on a power supply of the box-type resistance furnace for preheating; after preheating, the power supply of the box type resistance furnace is closed, the power supply of an external induction welding machine is opened, induction brazing is carried out, brazing filler metal is melted, moistened and filled, and brazing is completed, so that the PDC drill bit is obtained.
Wherein, in the step (c), the temperature of the preheating treatment is 450 ℃, and the time of the preheating treatment is 20min; the temperature of induction brazing is 900 ℃, and the time of induction brazing is 15s.
Example 2
The high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal provided by the embodiment is a bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 51 parts of Cu, 11 parts of Au, 26 parts of Mn, 2.6 parts of Ni and 0.8 part of wear-resistant particles. Wherein, the wall thickness of the bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal is 1.0mm. The wear resistant particles were YG6, with a particle size of 80 μm.
The preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the adopted demoulding oil is soybean oil.
The brazing method of the PDC drill bit provided in this example is substantially the same as the brazing method of the PDC drill bit of example 1, except that: the high-strength wear-resistant solder of example 2 was used as a brazing solder; in the step (c), the temperature of the preheating treatment is 500 ℃, and the time of the preheating treatment is 18min; the temperature of induction brazing was 910 ℃ and the time of induction brazing was 12s.
Example 3
The high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal provided by the embodiment is a bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 52 parts of Cu, 12 parts of Au, 27 parts of Mn, 2.8 parts of Ni and 1.0 part of wear-resistant particles. Wherein, the wall thickness of the bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal is 1.2mm. The wear-resistant particles are WC, and the particle size is 90 mu m.
The preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the adopted mold release oil is peanut oil.
The brazing method of the PDC drill bit provided in this example is substantially the same as the brazing method of the PDC drill bit of example 1, except that: the high-strength wear-resistant solder of example 3 was used as a brazing solder; in the step (c), the temperature of the preheating treatment is 550 ℃, and the time of the preheating treatment is 16min; the temperature of induction brazing is 920 ℃, and the time of induction brazing is 10s.
Example 4
The high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal provided by the embodiment is a bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 53 parts of Cu, 13 parts of Au, 28 parts of Mn, 2.9 parts of Ni and 1.2 parts of wear-resistant particles. Wherein, the wall thickness of the bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal is 1.5mm. The wear-resistant particles are diamond micro powder with the particle size of 100 mu m.
The preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the adopted mold release oil is peanut oil.
The brazing method of the PDC drill bit provided in this example is substantially the same as the brazing method of the PDC drill bit of example 1, except that: the high-strength wear-resistant solder of example 4 was used as a brazing solder; in the step (c), the temperature of the preheating treatment is 600 ℃, and the time of the preheating treatment is 15min; the temperature of induction brazing was 930 ℃ and the time of induction brazing was 8s.
Example 5
The high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal provided by the embodiment is a bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 54 parts of Cu, 14 parts of Au, 29 parts of Mn, 3.0 parts of Ni and 1.3 parts of wear-resistant particles. Wherein, the wall thickness of the bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal is 1.8mm. The wear-resistant particles are cubic boron nitride and have a particle size of 105 μm.
The preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant solder in the embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
The brazing method of the PDC drill bit provided in this example is substantially the same as the brazing method of the PDC drill bit of example 1, except that: the high strength wear resistant brazing filler metal of example 5 was used as brazing filler metal and the rest of the procedure was the same.
Example 6
The high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal provided by the embodiment is a bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 55 parts of Cu, 15 parts of Au, 30 parts of Mn, 2.5 parts of Ni and 1.5 parts of wear-resistant particles. Wherein, the wall thickness of the bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal is 2.0mm. The wear-resistant particles are aluminum oxide ceramic particles with the particle size of 80 mu m.
The preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant solder in the embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
The brazing method of the PDC drill bit provided in this example is substantially the same as the brazing method of the PDC drill bit of example 1, except that: the high-strength wear-resistant solder of example 6 was used as brazing solder; in the step (c), the temperature of the preheating treatment is 500 ℃, and the time of the preheating treatment is 18min; the temperature of induction brazing was 910 ℃ and the time of induction brazing was 12s.
2. Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The brazing filler metal of this comparative example had the same composition as that of example 1, but the morphology of the brazing filler metal was different, and the brazing filler metal of comparative example 1 was in the form of a sheet. The preparation method of the flaky brazing filler metal comprises the following steps: and smelting and casting the brazing alloy into a plate-shaped cast ingot, and then extruding, roughly rolling, finely rolling and slitting to obtain the flaky brazing alloy.
The brazing method of the PDC drill bit of the comparative example specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, removing oil stains and oxides on the to-be-welded surface of a steel matrix of the PDC drill bit and the to-be-welded surface of the hard alloy of the PDC composite sheet; secondly, respectively brushing a layer of QJ102 soldering paste on the to-be-welded surface of the steel matrix of the PDC drill bit and the surface of the to-be-welded surface of the hard alloy of the PDC composite sheet, placing a sheet-shaped brazing filler metal sheet of the comparative example 1 with the same size as the to-be-welded surface in the middle, and fixing to form the assembled PDC drill bit; the assembled PDC bit was brazed in exactly the same manner as in step (c) of example 1, to obtain a PDC bit of comparative example 1.
Comparative example 2
The brazing filler metal of this comparative example had the same morphology as in example 1, and the brazing filler metal composition was substantially the same as in example 1, except that: the brazing filler metal of this comparative example does not contain wear resistant particles in its composition.
The brazing filler metal and the PDC bit were fabricated in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The brazing filler metal of this comparative example had the same morphology as in example 1, and the brazing filler metal composition was substantially the same as in example 1, except that: the solder composition of this comparative example used an equal amount of Ag instead of Au.
The brazing filler metal and the PDC bit were fabricated in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
The brazing filler metal of this comparative example, the morphology, composition and preparation method of the brazing filler metal were the same as those of example 1.
The brazing method of the PDC bit of the present comparative example is the same as steps (a) and (b) of example 1, except that: step (c) the brazing filler metal of this comparative example was induction brazed to PDC bits in the atmosphere, with reference to the existing method. The method comprises the following steps: placing the assembled PDC drill bit in a box type resistance furnace; continuously introducing argon-hydrogen mixed gas with the volume percentage of 5% hydrogen into the resistance furnace, and turning on a power supply of the box-type resistance furnace to preheat; after preheating, the power supply of the box type resistance furnace is closed, and the PDC drill bit is taken out of an induction welding machine for induction brazing, so that the PDC drill bit is obtained. The preheating temperature, holding time, brazing temperature and brazing time were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 5
The brazing filler metal of this comparative example, the morphology, composition and preparation method of the brazing filler metal were the same as those of example 1.
The brazing method of the PDC bit of the present comparative example is substantially the same as that of example 1 except that: the shielding gas used was argon.
3. Test examples
Test example 1 solder wear resistance test
This test example examines the wear resistance of the high strength wear resistant solders of examples 1 to 6 and of the solders of comparative examples 1 to 3. The specific test method comprises the following steps: 10 g of the brazing filler metal of each test group is respectively melted on one cylindrical end surface (a cylinder with the diameter of 6mm and the height of 25 mm) of a 45# steel substrate to prepare a wear-resistant sample, and a wear resistance comparison test is carried out. And (3) during wear resistance test: a ZX50C drilling and milling machine is adopted to fix a sample with a certain specification on a cutter main shaft, 80# SiC abrasive paper is adhered to a workbench, under a fixed load, a main shaft rotates, a feed shaft reciprocates for 1h to complete a wear resistance test, and the wear resistance of the sample is judged by comparing the mass loss of the sample before and after wear. The results of the abrasion test are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 abrasion test results of brazing filler metals of examples and comparative examples
| Kind of brazing filler metal | Mass loss per g | Surface state of wear specimen |
| EXAMPLE 1 abrasion resistant test specimens | 2.456 | Uniform abrasion and no large-area falling |
| Example 2 abrasion resistant test specimens | 2.225 | Uniform abrasion and no large-area falling |
| Example 3 abrasion resistant test specimens | 2.042 | Uniform abrasion and no large-area shedding |
| EXAMPLE 4 abrasion resistant test specimens | 1.824 | Uniform abrasion and no large-area falling |
| EXAMPLE 5 abrasion resistant test specimens | 1.650 | Uniform abrasion and no large-area falling |
| EXAMPLE 6 abrasion resistant test specimens | 1.552 | Uniform abrasion and no large-area falling |
| Comparative example 1 abrasion resistant sample | 2.550 | Uniform abrasion and no large-area falling |
| Comparative example 2 abrasion resistant test specimen | 6.123 | Non-uniform wear and large-area falling |
| Comparative example 3 abrasion resistant test specimen | 5.540 | Non-uniform wear and large-area falling |
As can be seen from Table 1, the wear-resistant samples made from the brazing filler metals of the embodiments 1 to 6 of the invention have small mass loss which is only 1.552 to 2.456g, and have good wear resistance. The solder in the comparative example 1 has the same components as the solder in the example 1, but has different forms and preparation methods and almost equivalent wear resistance, and in the solder components in the comparative examples 2 to 3, wear-resistant particles are respectively omitted and metal Au is replaced, so that the wear resistance is obviously reduced.
Test example 2 Performance test of brazed PDC drill bit
The PDC bits of the same specification were brazed by the brazing methods of the PDC bits of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 5, respectively, the shear strength of the joint was measured by cutting a standard sample after brazing, and the state of the brazing seam was observed, the shear strength was measured according to the specifications of GB/T11363, and the results of the shear strength and the state of the brazing seam are shown in Table 2.
In the brazing process, a box-type resistance furnace was used for a wetting test according to the method of GB/T11364, and the wetting properties of the brazing filler metal of comparative example 3 and the brazing filler metal of example 1 of the present invention on cemented carbide were examined, and the results are shown in FIG. 3.
After brazing, the macro-morphology of the PDC drill bit brazed by comparative example 4 and inventive example 1 was examined, and the result is shown in fig. 4.
TABLE 2 joint shear strength and braze joint quality of PDC bits brazed in examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from table 2 and fig. 3 and 4, the brazing filler metals of examples 1 to 6 of the present invention, in combination with the brazing method thereof, have high joint strength and no damage to the polycrystalline diamond layer. Meanwhile, the wettability of the brazing filler metal of example 1 to the hard alloy is better (see the left figure of fig. 3) as seen by combining the wettability and the macro topography, and no thermal damage occurs to the polycrystalline diamond layer and the steel matrix after welding (see the right figure of fig. 4).
Further, in comparative examples 1 to 5, comparative example 1 was substantially the same as example 1 except that the brazing filler metal was different in morphology, had no self-protective effect, was slightly low in strength, and had slight thermal damage to diamond. In comparative example 2, the wear-resistant reinforcing phase was not contained, and the joint strength was greatly reduced. In comparative example 3, au was replaced with Ag, and the wettability of the cemented carbide was reduced (see right diagram of FIG. 3), and the joint strength was decreased. The brazing method in the comparative example 4 is different from the method of the present invention, the comparative example 4 adopts the existing method to perform induction brazing under the atmosphere, and the brazing is separated from the preheating field, so that the brazing time is long, no gas is protected, the polycrystalline diamond layer and the steel matrix are seriously damaged thermally (see the left figure of fig. 4), and the joint strength is lowest. In the comparative example 5, the protective gas is replaced by argon, the argon is inert gas and can not reduce impurities and oxides in the brazing seam, and the mixed gas contains hydrogen in the embodiment of the invention, and the hydrogen has the effect of reducing and removing slag and can improve the quality of the brazing seam.
Test example 3 examination of brazing efficiency
When the brazing method of the embodiment 1 is adopted to braze the PDC drill bit, the workpiece is only required to be placed in the induction coil in the box type resistance furnace, the preheating time is 20min, the brazing time is 15s, the total time is 20min +15s, and the time waste of replacing the site for re-preparation is avoided. In the brazing method in the prior art, namely the brazing method in the comparative example 4, when the same PDC drill bit is brazed, the workpiece needs to be placed in a box type resistance furnace, the preheating time is 20min, then the workpiece is taken out, then the workpiece is placed on an induction coil of an induction welding machine, the proper position is adjusted, and induction brazing is carried out. Therefore, the box type resistance furnace in the preparation method has high heat utilization efficiency and high brazing efficiency.
In conclusion, the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal provided by the invention has a self-protection effect, and can effectively prevent thermal damage in the high-temperature brazing process of the polycrystalline diamond layer; the high-strength wear-resistant solder is copper-based solder which contains Au and wear-resistant particles, and can synergistically enhance the strength and wear resistance of a welding line. In addition, the brazing method of the PDC drill bit integrates preheating and induction brazing, improves brazing efficiency, enables the welding assembly to be in a gas protection atmosphere in the whole preheating-brazing process, can further prevent thermal damage of the polycrystalline diamond layer, and has great popularization value in the fields of brazing materials of the PDC drill bit and brazing application.
Claims (10)
1. The high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 50-55 parts of Cu, 10-15 parts of Au, 25-30 parts of Mn, 2.5-3.0 parts of Ni and 0.5-1.5 parts of wear-resistant particles.
2. A high strength wear resistant filler metal as claimed in claim 1, wherein said high strength wear resistant filler metal is a bottomless cylindrical filler metal; the wall thickness of the bottomless cylindrical brazing filler metal is 0.8-2.0 mm.
3. A high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal according to claim 1, wherein the wear-resistant particles are one or more of YG8, YG6, WC, diamond powder, cubic boron nitride, and alumina ceramic particles, and the particle size of the wear-resistant particles is 75 to 105 μm.
4. A method for preparing a high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) Taking a Cu-Mn intermediate alloy, a Cu-Ni intermediate alloy, cu powder and Au powder according to the proportion, and smelting to obtain molten metal; or, taking Mn powder, ni powder, cu powder and Au powder according to the proportion, and smelting to obtain molten metal;
(2) Adding wear-resistant particles into the molten metal obtained in the step (1), and uniformly stirring to obtain a brazing filler metal liquid;
(3) And (3) injecting the brazing filler metal liquid into a graphite mold cavity which is coated with demolding oil in advance, and then cooling and demolding to obtain the brazing filler metal.
5. A preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant solder as claimed in claim 4, wherein the melting temperature is 1100-1200 ℃.
6. A method for preparing a high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal according to claim 4, wherein the mold release oil is at least one of rapeseed oil, soybean oil and peanut oil.
7. The brazing method of the PDC drill bit is characterized in that the PDC drill bit comprises a drill bit matrix and a PDC composite sheet; the brazing filler metal adopted by the brazing of the PDC drill bit is the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal as in claim 2, the size of an inner cylinder of the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal is matched with that of a PDC composite sheet, and the specific brazing method comprises the following steps:
(a) Cleaning the welding surface of the drill bit matrix and the PDC composite sheet;
(b) Coating soldering flux paste on the surface of the PDC composite sheet, sleeving the PDC composite sheet into a brazing filler metal cylinder of the high-strength wear-resistant brazing filler metal, coating the soldering flux paste on the outer part of the brazing filler metal cylinder, and sequentially embedding the brazing filler metal cylinder into a cutting edge groove of a drill bit substrate to form an assembled PDC drill bit;
(c) And under the protection of protective gas, carrying out preheating treatment on the assembled PDC drill bit, and then carrying out induction brazing to obtain the PDC drill bit.
8. The method of brazing a PDC bit of claim 7 wherein the bit body is a steel body; the flux paste is any one of FB102, FB101, FB104 and QJ 205; the protective gas is argon-hydrogen mixed gas, and the volume percentage of hydrogen in the mixed gas is 5%.
9. The method of brazing the PDC bit of claim 7, wherein the preheating process is performed by using a box-type resistance furnace, an induction coil is arranged inside the box-type resistance furnace, a furnace body of the box-type resistance furnace is provided with an organic glass window, and the inside of the furnace body is visible; the induction brazing adopts an induction welding machine, and the induction welding machine is arranged on the outer side of the box type resistance furnace.
10. The method of brazing a PDC bit according to claim 7, wherein the temperature of the preheating treatment is 450 to 600 ℃, and the time of the preheating treatment is 15 to 20min; the temperature of the induction brazing is 900-930 ℃, and the induction brazing time is 8-15s.
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