CN115846854A - Special welding device and welding method for fuel tank of airplane - Google Patents
Special welding device and welding method for fuel tank of airplane Download PDFInfo
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- CN115846854A CN115846854A CN202310135794.1A CN202310135794A CN115846854A CN 115846854 A CN115846854 A CN 115846854A CN 202310135794 A CN202310135794 A CN 202310135794A CN 115846854 A CN115846854 A CN 115846854A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aircraft fuel tank manufacturing, and particularly discloses a special welding device for an aircraft fuel tank, which is characterized by comprising a base and a fuel tank positioning assembly; the base is connected with the oil tank positioning assembly in a sliding manner; the oil tank positioning assembly comprises a rotating main shaft, a transition plate, a plurality of oil tank supports, an oil tank push plate and a vibrating clamping piece; the rotary main shaft, the transition plate, the oil tank support, the oil tank push plate and the vibration clamping piece are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the base. The welding tool is specially designed for common fuel tanks of airplanes, ensures the welding quality of thin-wall parts of the fuel tanks, and prevents stress deformation after welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of aircraft fuel tanks, and particularly relates to a special welding device and a special welding method for an aircraft fuel tank.
Background
The fuel tank of the airplane is an indispensable part of the airplane, and the fuel tank is formed by welding thin-wall parts at present. However, the requirement of the fuel tank of the airplane on welding quality is very high, once a welding seam has a problem, fuel oil leakage occurs when the welding seam is small, and a huge safety accident possibly causing damage to the airplane and death of people when the welding seam is large. The air pressure and temperature change is extremely large in the use of the aircraft fuel tank, the welding modes such as argon arc welding, resistance welding and electric arc welding are adopted, two workpieces are in line contact during welding, and the welding material and the base metal are different, so that the defects such as cracking and the like are easily caused. Therefore, the fuel tank of the airplane generally adopts friction welding, compared with the traditional fusion welding, the friction welding has the advantages of high welding joint quality, high welding efficiency, stable quality, good consistency and no influence caused by welding flux difference, and can achieve the strength of a welding seam and the strength of a base material.
The main structural style of the current fuel tank is formed by welding a plurality of parts: the oil tank casing is 2mm panel spinning to reach the support frame of oil tank casing junction. Because the oil tank is a thin-wall part, the tolerance of the inner diameter of the cylinder is large during spinning forming, and the thin wall is easy to deform; the welding mode of the oil tank and the support frame generally adopts the friction welding technology, ensures surface contact and avoids stress concentration.
During friction welding, a gap exists between the oil tank shells, and welding compactness is not facilitated. Therefore, the oil tank has the following problems during welding:
(1) The oil tank shell is matched according to the inner diameter of an actual cylinder every time, and the production efficiency is very low.
(2) The support frame and the oil tank shell are unreasonable in proportion, the gap is large, poor welding quality can be caused, the fatigue test qualified rate is low, and the rejection rate is high.
Therefore, it is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to provide a new welding device and a new welding method for an aircraft fuel tank.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a special welding device for an aircraft fuel tank.
The invention provides a special welding device for an aircraft fuel tank, which comprises a base and a fuel tank positioning assembly, wherein the base is provided with a welding hole; the base is connected with the oil tank positioning assembly in a sliding manner;
the oil tank positioning assembly comprises a rotating main shaft, a transition plate, a plurality of oil tank supports, an oil tank push plate and a vibrating clamping piece;
the rotary main shaft, the transition plate, the oil tank support, the oil tank push plate and the vibrating clamping piece are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the base, the rotary main shaft is connected with one end of the transition plate in a flange mode, the other end of the transition plate is fixedly connected with the oil tank support through a screw, a gap is reserved between every two adjacent oil tank supports and used for welding a friction welding pressure head, one end of the oil tank push plate is connected with the vibrating clamping piece in a flange mode, and the other end of the oil tank push plate is fixedly connected with the oil tank support through a screw;
the oil tank support is arranged inside the clamp; the base is also provided with a guide rail, the bottoms of the rotating main shaft, the hoop and the vibrating clamping piece are respectively provided with a groove, and the grooves are connected with the guide rail in a sliding manner;
the oil tank support comprises a movable portion, a fixed portion and a connecting portion, wherein one side of the movable portion is connected with one side of the fixed portion through a hinge, the other side of the movable portion is connected with the fixed portion through the connecting portion in a detachable mode, the movable portion is the same in structure as the fixed portion, the movable portion and the fixed portion form a cylindrical structure in a closed mode and are adaptive to the shape of an oil tank body, and the oil tank body is arranged inside the cylindrical structure and is tightly attached to the cylindrical framework.
In the further scheme, the method comprises the following steps of,
the clamp comprises a connecting base, a guide wheel and a clamping arm;
the bottom end of the connecting base is provided with a groove and is in sliding connection with the guide rail;
the upper surface of connecting the base is provided with first stiff end and second stiff end, be provided with the leading wheel on the first stiff end, the leading wheel with the one end of pressing from both sides tight arm is passed through the connecting pin and is rotated the connection, press from both sides the other end of tight arm with the second stiff end passes through the fixed pin and connects.
In the further scheme, the method comprises the following steps of,
through holes are formed in one end of the clamping arm and the top of the second fixing end, and the fixing pin penetrates through the through holes.
In the further scheme, the method comprises the following steps of,
the top of the connecting base is provided with an arc-shaped groove, and the arc-shaped groove is matched with the bottom surface of the fixing part.
In the further scheme, the method comprises the following steps of,
the arc-shaped groove is located between the first fixing end and the second fixing end.
A method for welding an aircraft fuel tank by using a special welding device for the aircraft fuel tank comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, placing a first section of oil tank cylinder into an oil tank support and fixing, placing the oil tank cylinder and the oil tank support into a rotating main shaft and locking while placing the oil tank support into a hoop and locking, and contracting a vibration clamping piece;
(2) After an oil tank to be welded is positioned, knocking vibration is carried out along the axis direction of the oil tank, the oil tank barrel enters the assembly surface of the oil tank support through the knocking vibration, then the clamp and the fixing part integrally slide and move on the guide rail through the groove of the clamp, and the vibration clamping part is locked;
(3) Starting a friction welding joint, starting welding, starting a rotating main shaft, continuously rotating to complete welding of an annular welding line of the oil tank, and completing welding of a first oil tank by a friction welding method;
(4) After the first oil tank barrel is welded, loosening the vibration clamping piece, then placing a second oil tank barrel into an oil tank support and fastening the second oil tank barrel, placing an oil tank and the oil tank support into a clamp and locking the oil tank and the oil tank support, after locking, enabling the vibration clamping piece to be close to the second oil tank barrel and pushing the second oil tank to be close to the first oil tank, after the oil tank to be welded is positioned, manually using a copper rod or a copper hammer to perform knocking vibration, enabling the second oil tank barrel to slowly enter an assembly surface of the oil tank support through the knocking vibration until the length of the matching surface of the oil tank barrel and the oil tank support is 12.5-13.5mm, stopping the knocking vibration clamping piece, and then starting friction welding to perform welding;
(5) And then, each section of oil tank is clamped and fixed and welded in a girth welding mode in the same way until the whole oil tank is welded.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Through the matching of the base, the clamp and the oil tank bracket, the barrel is ensured to deform uniformly in the tensioning process, the opening of the barrel is slightly expanded by mechanical tensioning and vibration, the interference assembly between the oil tank barrel and the bracket is completed, and no gap exists between the oil tank shell and the bracket;
(2) The phenomenon that the oil tank is inclined in the welding and positioning process, if the oil tank is inclined, the deformation of a welding interface of an oil tank barrel body possibly caused by continuous welding is uneven, and the oil tank shell is torn seriously is prevented;
(3) The tool clamp and the barrel are assembled with the oil tank support when the tailstock pushes the tool clamp and the barrel, so that the welding positioning quality of the barrel and the barrel support is well guaranteed, the time is saved, and the labor intensity of manpower is reduced;
(4) The oil tank support and the oil tank barrel are welded, the main shaft drives the barrel to rotate in the welding process, the main shaft is in a servo control rotating speed, the main shaft keeps rotating at a constant speed during welding after starting, and is synchronously linked with the friction welding host machine, welding uniformity of a welding seam is guaranteed, quality is controllable, and factor influence of manual intervention on the friction welding when the friction welding is independently welded and matched with a tool is reduced.
Drawings
The invention is illustrated in the following drawings, which are only schematic and explanatory and are not restrictive of the invention, and wherein:
FIG. 1: the invention has a structure as shown in the drawing I;
FIG. 2: a schematic view of a base structure;
FIG. 3: a clamp structure schematic diagram;
FIG. 4: the structure schematic diagram of the oil tank bracket;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of: the invention has a schematic sectional structure;
FIG. 6: the invention has a structure schematic diagram II;
FIG. 7: the assembly surface A of the invention is a partially enlarged sectional schematic view;
FIG. 8: partial enlarged schematic view of assembly surface A of the invention
In the figure: 1. a base; 2. a guide rail; 3. rotating the main shaft; 4. a transition plate; 5. an oil tank bracket; 6. clamping a hoop; 7. an oil tank push plate; 8. vibrating the clamping member; 9. connecting a base; 10. a guide wheel; 11. a connecting pin; 12. a clamp arm; 13. a fixing pin; 14. a movable portion; 15. a fixed part; 16. a connecting portion; 17. and (7) assembling surfaces.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions, design methods, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail by specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 5 and 6, the invention provides a welding device special for an aircraft fuel tank, which comprises a base 1 and a fuel tank positioning assembly; the base 1 is connected with the oil tank positioning assembly in a sliding manner;
the oil tank positioning assembly comprises a rotating main shaft 3, a transition plate 4, a plurality of oil tank supports 5, an oil tank push plate 7 and a vibrating clamping piece 8; the rotary main shaft 3, the transition plate 4, the oil tank bracket 5, the oil tank push plate 7 and the vibrating clamping piece 8 are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the base 1; the rotating main shaft 3 is connected with one end of the transition plate 4 through a flange, the other end of the transition plate 4 is fixedly connected with the oil tank support 5 through a screw, and a gap is reserved between every two adjacent oil tank supports 5 and is used for welding a friction head to reserve a space; one end of the oil tank push plate 7 is connected with the vibrating clamping piece 8 in a flange mode, and the other end of the oil tank push plate 7 is fixedly connected with the oil tank support 5 through a screw; be provided with a plurality of clamps 6 on the base 1, clamp 6 with base 1 sliding connection, oil tank support 5 sets up inside the clamp 6.
The vibration clamping piece 8 is a rectangular solid rigid body, the bottom of the vibration clamping piece is provided with grooves, and the grooves are connected with the guide rail 2 in a sliding mode. The vibration clamping process is that the workpiece is tightened by the aid of the conical surface of the clamp through vibration generated by manual knocking.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, six fuel tank brackets are provided (see fig. 1, in the figure, from left to right, a first fuel tank bracket, a second fuel tank bracket, a sixth fuel tank bracket are respectively provided); a welding seam is reserved between the first oil tank support and the second oil tank support, a welding seam is reserved between the second oil tank support and the third oil tank support, a welding seam is reserved between the third oil tank support and the fourth oil tank support, a welding seam is reserved between the fourth oil tank support and the fifth oil tank support, a welding seam is reserved between the fifth oil tank support and the sixth oil tank support, the transition plate is fixedly connected with the first oil tank support through screws, and the sixth oil tank support is connected with the oil tank push plate through screws.
In the above, referring to fig. 4, the tank bracket 5 includes the movable portion 14, the fixed portion 15, and the connecting portion 16; one side of the movable part 14 is connected with one side of the fixed part 15 through a hinge, and the other side of the movable part is detachably connected through a connecting part 16; the movable part 14 with the fixed part 15 structure is the same, and movable part 14 and the closed cylindrical structure that forms of fixed part 15 suit with the shape of oil tank body, the oil tank body sets up inside the cylindrical structure, with the cylinder framework closely laminates. The base 1 is provided with a guide rail 2, the bottoms of the rotating main shaft 3, the hoop 6 and the vibration clamping piece 8 are provided with grooves, and the grooves are connected with the guide rail 2 in a sliding mode.
As shown in fig. 3, the clamp 6 includes a connection base 9, a guide wheel 10, and a clamp arm 12; the bottom end of the connecting base 9 is provided with a groove which is connected with the guide rail 2 in a sliding way; the upper surface of connecting base 9 is provided with first stiff end and second stiff end, be provided with leading wheel 10 on the first stiff end, leading wheel 10 with the one end of pressing from both sides tight arm 12 is passed through connecting pin 11 and is rotated the connection, the other end that presss from both sides tight arm 12 with the second stiff end passes through fixed pin 13 and connects. Through holes are formed in one end of the clamping arm 12 and the top of the second fixing end, and the fixing pin 13 penetrates through the through holes. The top of the connecting base 9 is provided with an arc-shaped groove which is matched with the bottom surface of the fixing part 15. The arc-shaped groove is located between the first fixing end and the second fixing end.
When the invention is used, the water-saving agent is added,
(1) Firstly, a first section of oil tank cylinder is placed into an oil tank support 5 and fixed, the oil tank cylinder and the oil tank support 5 are placed into a hoop 6 and locked, meanwhile, the oil tank support 5 is placed into a rotating main shaft 3 and locked, and a vibration clamping piece 8 is electrically contracted;
(2) After an oil tank to be welded is positioned, a worker uses a copper bar or a copper hammer to knock and vibrate the vibration clamping piece 8, the worker knocks along the axial direction of the oil tank, the oil tank barrel slowly enters an assembly surface 17 of the oil tank bracket 5 through vibration knocking, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the assembly surface 17 has a certain inclination, the oil tank barrel is continuously knocked to be in interference fit with the bracket, knocking is stopped when the oil tank barrel and the oil tank bracket 5 are assembled to a matching surface with the length of 12.5-13.5mm, and then the movable clamp 6 and the fixing part 15 integrally slide on the guide rail 2 through the groove of the clamp 6 to lock the vibration clamping piece 8; wherein the oil tank bracket 5 and the clamp 6 are relatively fixed in a radial direction, but a guide rail is arranged between the clamp 6 and the base 1 and can slide relative to the base, and in addition, the clamp 6 comprises a guide wheel 10, and the oil tank and the clamp 6 rotate relatively.
(3) Then starting a friction welding joint to start welding, then starting the rotating main shaft 3, completing welding of the annular welding line of the oil tank through continuous rotation, and completing welding of the first oil tank by a friction welding method;
(4) First festival oil tank barrel welding is accomplished the back, loosen vibration clamping piece 8, then put into oil tank support 5 with second festival oil tank barrel and fasten it, and put into clamp 6 with oil tank and oil tank support 5 and lock, after the locking, be close to second festival oil tank barrel and push away second festival oil tank and be close first festival oil tank with vibration clamping piece 8, treat welded oil tank location back, the artifical copper bar or the copper hammer that uses of same mode strikes vibrations, vibrations are strikeed and are made the slow assembly surface that gets into oil tank support 5 of second festival oil tank barrel, then locking vibration clamping piece 8, then start friction weld and weld. And then, each section of oil tank is clamped and fixed and welded in a girth welding mode in the same way until the whole oil tank is welded.
(5) The welding between every section of oil tank barrel all adopts the welding mode of three welding seam combination formulas, and the mode of three welding seam combinations can let the compactness of oil tank barrel welding better, and the rigidity of welding the oil tank better.
The welding adopts rotary welding and three-combined welding mode, and the device and the method can realize full automation of friction welding.
Firstly, friction welding and other welding have the following advantages:
(1) The welded joint is high and stable in quality. Can reach 100 percent of qualification rate, and the joint strength is consistent with that of the parent metal. This is because the weld surface is subjected to the upsetting action of the axial force all the time in the solid phase state throughout the friction welding. In addition, because the mutual friction of the welding surfaces is used as a heat source, the whole surface is heated at the same time, the welding time is extremely short, the heat affected zone is small, the welding specification is reasonable, the welding machine is properly designed, the common defects of cracks, air holes, slag inclusion, incomplete fusion and the like during fusion welding can be completely avoided, and the uniform joint quality is obtained.
(2) Has wider weldability. It can be used for welding the same metal material, and is especially suitable for welding different metals with different properties. When a certain dissimilar metal is subjected to ordinary fusion welding or flash butt welding, welding cannot be performed or it is difficult to obtain a good quality joint due to the formation of brittle compounds between metals in the joint. When friction welding is employed, the welding temperature can be selected and controlled in a wide range, and the welding time is short, so that the generation of intermetallic brittle compounds can be relatively easily prevented or greatly reduced, thereby obtaining a good welded joint.
(3) The size precision and the geometric precision of the weldment are high. The friction welder actually behaves as a lathe with a pressing mechanism, which is not difficult to make with sufficient precision and rigidity in terms of the design and manufacturing techniques of modern machine tools. In addition, the length error of the weldment after welding can be smaller than +/-0.2 mm by adopting a proper control method, and the eccentricity can be within 0.2 mm.
(4) The manufacturing cost is reduced. During friction welding, the welding allowance of a weldment is small, the assembly requirement of a welded junction is not high, the welding power is small, and electric energy is saved.
(5) The working condition is good, no spark, arc light and harmful gas, no vibration and no noise, etc.
Secondly, the welding mode of combining three welding seams is adopted at each section of the oil tank, one annular welding seam is respectively carried out at the left and right matching positions of each section of the oil tank cylinder and the oil tank bracket, and then one annular welding is carried out at the butt joint surface of the middle measuring oil tank cylinder of the two welding seams. The mode of combining three welding seams is adopted, other welding modes with welding flux are adopted, if the welding modes are welded for many times, the phenomenon of stress concentration around the welding seams is easy to fatigue and lose efficacy, the problem does not exist by adopting friction welding, the welding quality of the three welding seams is greatly improved compared with that of a single welding seam before improvement, the strength of the cylinder body of the oil tank is ensured, the compactness after welding is ensured, and the qualified rate of welding the oil tank is improved.
While embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is illustrative, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A special welding device for an aircraft fuel tank is characterized by comprising a base and a fuel tank positioning assembly; the base is connected with the oil tank positioning assembly in a sliding manner;
the oil tank positioning assembly comprises a rotating main shaft, a transition plate, a plurality of oil tank supports, an oil tank push plate and a vibrating clamping piece;
the rotary main shaft, the transition plate, the oil tank support, the oil tank push plate and the vibration clamping piece are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the base, the rotary main shaft is connected with one end of the transition plate through a flange, the other end of the transition plate is fixedly connected with the oil tank support through a screw, a gap is reserved between every two adjacent oil tank supports and used for welding a friction welding pressure head, one end of the oil tank push plate is connected with the vibration clamping piece through a flange, and the other end of the oil tank push plate is fixedly connected with the oil tank support through a screw;
the base is provided with a plurality of hoops, the hoops are connected with the base in a sliding manner, and the oil tank support is arranged inside the hoops; the base is also provided with a guide rail, the bottoms of the rotating main shaft, the hoop and the vibrating clamping piece are respectively provided with a groove, and the grooves are connected with the guide rail in a sliding manner;
the oil tank support comprises a movable portion, a fixed portion and a connecting portion, wherein one side of the movable portion is connected with one side of the fixed portion through a hinge, the other side of the movable portion is connected with the fixed portion through the connecting portion in a detachable mode, the movable portion is the same in structure as the fixed portion, the movable portion and the fixed portion form a cylindrical structure in a closed mode and are adaptive to the shape of an oil tank body, and the oil tank body is arranged inside the cylindrical structure and is tightly attached to the cylindrical framework.
2. The special welding device for the aircraft fuel tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clamp comprises a connecting base, a guide wheel and a clamping arm;
the bottom end of the connecting base is provided with a groove and is in sliding connection with the guide rail;
the upper surface of connecting the base is provided with first stiff end and second stiff end, be provided with the leading wheel on the first stiff end, the leading wheel with the one end of pressing from both sides tight arm is passed through the connecting pin and is rotated the connection, press from both sides the other end of tight arm with the second stiff end passes through the fixed pin and connects.
3. The special welding device for the aircraft fuel tank as claimed in claim 2, wherein through holes are formed in the tops of the one end of the clamping arm and the second fixed end, and the fixing pin penetrates through the through holes.
4. The special welding device for the aircraft fuel tank as claimed in claim 3, wherein an arc-shaped groove is formed in the top of the connecting base and is matched with the bottom surface of the fixing portion.
5. The special welding device for the fuel tank of the aircraft as claimed in claim 4, wherein the arc-shaped groove is positioned between the first fixed end and the second fixed end.
6. The method for welding the aircraft fuel tank by adopting the special welding device for the aircraft fuel tank as claimed in claim 5 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Firstly, placing a first section of oil tank cylinder into an oil tank support and fixing the oil tank cylinder and the oil tank support, placing the oil tank cylinder and the oil tank support into a rotating main shaft and locking the oil tank support and the rotating main shaft while placing the oil tank cylinder and the oil tank support into a clamp for locking, and contracting a vibration clamping piece;
(2) After an oil tank to be welded is positioned, knocking vibration is carried out along the axis direction of the oil tank, the oil tank barrel enters the assembly surface of the oil tank support through the knocking vibration, then the clamp and the fixing part integrally slide and move on the guide rail through the groove of the clamp, and the vibration clamping part is locked;
(3) Starting a friction welding joint, starting welding, starting a rotating main shaft, continuously rotating to complete welding of an annular welding line of the oil tank, and completing welding of a first oil tank by a friction welding method;
(4) After the first oil tank barrel is welded, loosening the vibration clamping piece, then placing a second oil tank barrel into an oil tank support and fastening the second oil tank barrel, placing an oil tank and the oil tank support into a clamp and locking the oil tank and the oil tank support, after locking, enabling the vibration clamping piece to be close to the second oil tank barrel and pushing the second oil tank to be close to the first oil tank, after the oil tank to be welded is positioned, manually using a copper rod or a copper hammer to perform knocking vibration, enabling the second oil tank barrel to slowly enter an assembly surface of the oil tank support through the knocking vibration until the length of the matching surface of the oil tank barrel and the oil tank support is 12.5-13.5mm, stopping the knocking vibration clamping piece, and then starting friction welding to perform welding;
(5) And then, each section of oil tank is clamped and fixed and welded in a girth welding mode in the same way until the whole oil tank is welded.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310135794.1A CN115846854A (en) | 2023-02-20 | 2023-02-20 | Special welding device and welding method for fuel tank of airplane |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310135794.1A CN115846854A (en) | 2023-02-20 | 2023-02-20 | Special welding device and welding method for fuel tank of airplane |
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| CN115846854A true CN115846854A (en) | 2023-03-28 |
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| CN115070337A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-09-20 | 司玲华 | Warm elbow fitting that leads to lays and uses supplementary welding set |
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2023
- 2023-02-20 CN CN202310135794.1A patent/CN115846854A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2013026573A2 (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2013-02-28 | Wartmann Technologie Ag | Method and system for the creation of a butt joint between rotationally symmetrical members |
| CN203330636U (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-12-11 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Self-supporting friction stir welding and girth welding tool clamp |
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| CN115070337A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-09-20 | 司玲华 | Warm elbow fitting that leads to lays and uses supplementary welding set |
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