CN115841012B - Method and device for determining minimum inertia bearable by power grid - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于确定电网可承受的最小惯量的方法，包括：确定电网中所有同步发电机的暂态频率响应模型；根据所述暂态频率响应模型，获取电网暂态频率响应的传递函数；根据所述传递函数，建立电网功率响应方程；通过求解所述电网功率响应方程，获取电网频率的极点频率；根据电网规定的极限扰动量和所述极点频率，确定电网可承受的最小惯量。为高比例电力系统频率稳定提供理论指导，降低电网运行的安全风险。
The invention discloses a method for determining the minimum inertia that the power grid can withstand, which includes: determining the transient frequency response models of all synchronous generators in the power grid; and obtaining the transient frequency response of the power grid according to the transient frequency response model. transfer function; establish a grid power response equation based on the transfer function; obtain the pole frequency of the grid frequency by solving the grid power response equation; determine the minimum amount of disturbance that the grid can withstand based on the limit disturbance amount specified by the grid and the pole frequency. inertia. Provide theoretical guidance for frequency stability of high-proportion power systems and reduce safety risks in power grid operation.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及电力系统频率稳定领域，具体涉及一种确定电网可承受的最小惯量的方法和装置。The invention relates to the field of power system frequency stability, and in particular to a method and device for determining the minimum inertia that the power grid can withstand.
背景技术Background technique
在一次能源结构方面，非化石能源占比将会在2040年左右超过50％，成为我国能源供应主体，2060年非化石能源占比一次能源的比重有望高达80％。随着新能源替代传统同步发电机，新能源不具备转动惯量，电网转动惯量逐年降低。此外，新能源具有间歇性和波动性，有功出力受天气和昼夜影响较大，系统调频负担增大，对系统频率稳定造成很大的影响。随着西电东送，我国形成了大规模的交直流混联电网，直流输电通道呈现出电压等级高，容量大，距离远的特点，直流成为东部城市的主要区外电源。同时三北地区通过直流线路将大功率送往东部地区，形成大负荷断面。然而，直流换相失败和闭锁等故障增加了电网运行的安全风险，直流闭锁后电网损失较大的有功功率，导致高频或者低频问题突出。In terms of primary energy structure, the proportion of non-fossil energy will exceed 50% around 2040, becoming the main energy supply in my country. In 2060, the proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy is expected to be as high as 80%. As new energy sources replace traditional synchronous generators, new energy sources do not have rotational inertia, and the rotational inertia of the power grid decreases year by year. In addition, new energy sources are intermittent and volatile, and their active power output is greatly affected by weather and day and night, which increases the system frequency regulation burden and has a great impact on system frequency stability. With the west-to-east power transmission, my country has formed a large-scale AC-DC hybrid power grid. The DC transmission channel has the characteristics of high voltage level, large capacity, and long distance. DC has become the main out-of-region power supply in eastern cities. At the same time, the three northern regions send high power to the eastern region through DC lines, forming a large load section. However, faults such as DC commutation failure and lockout increase the safety risks of power grid operation. After DC lockout, the power grid loses a large amount of active power, leading to prominent high-frequency or low-frequency problems.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种确定电网可承受的最小惯量的方法，包括：In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for determining the minimum inertia that the power grid can withstand, including:
确定电网中所有同步发电机的暂态频率响应模型；Determine the transient frequency response model of all synchronous generators in the grid;
根据所述暂态频率响应模型，获取电网暂态频率响应的传递函数；According to the transient frequency response model, obtain the transfer function of the transient frequency response of the power grid;
根据所述传递函数，建立电网功率响应方程；通过求解所述电网功率响应方程，获取电网频率的极点频率；According to the transfer function, a power grid power response equation is established; by solving the power grid power response equation, the pole frequency of the grid frequency is obtained;
根据电网规定的极限扰动量和所述极点频率，确定电网可承受的最小惯量。According to the limit disturbance amount specified by the power grid and the pole frequency, the minimum inertia that the power grid can withstand is determined.
进一步的，所述暂态频率响应模型，包括：调速器的简化传递模型、汽轮机的简化传递模型和发电机的简化传递模型。Further, the transient frequency response model includes: a simplified transmission model of the governor, a simplified transmission model of the steam turbine, and a simplified transmission model of the generator.
进一步的，根据所述暂态频率响应模型，获取电网暂态频率响应的传递函数，包括：Further, according to the transient frequency response model, the transfer function of the power grid's transient frequency response is obtained, including:
根据所述暂态频率响应模型中的调速器的简化传递模型，获取调速器的传递函数；Obtain the transfer function of the speed regulator according to the simplified transfer model of the speed regulator in the transient frequency response model;
根据所述暂态频率响应模型中的调速器的汽轮机的简化传递模型，获取汽轮机的传递函数；Obtain the transfer function of the steam turbine according to the simplified transfer model of the steam turbine of the speed governor in the transient frequency response model;
根据所述暂态频率响应模型中的发电机的简化传递模型，获取发电机的传递函数。According to the simplified transfer model of the generator in the transient frequency response model, the transfer function of the generator is obtained.
进一步的，根据所述传递函数，建立电网功率响应方程，包括：Further, according to the transfer function, a grid power response equation is established, including:
根据所述调速器的传递函数和所述发电机的传递函数，确定所有发电机的有功输出变化量Pm和所有负荷的有功功率变化量Pe，其中，According to the transfer function of the speed controller and the transfer function of the generator, the active output variation Pm of all generators and the active power variation Pe of all loads are determined, where,
Pm＝∑ΔPG P m =∑ΔP G
Pe＝ΔPP e =ΔP
根据所有发电机的有功输出变化量Pm和所有负荷的有功功率变化量Pe，建立电网功率响应方程，所述电网功率响应方程为，According to the active output variation Pm of all generators and the active power variation Pe of all loads, a grid power response equation is established. The grid power response equation is,
其中，W为全网发电机的转动惯量之和。Among them, W is the sum of the moment of inertia of the generators in the entire network.
进一步的，通过求解所述电网功率响应方程，获取电网频率的极点频率，包括：Further, by solving the power response equation of the power grid, the pole frequency of the power grid frequency is obtained, including:
对所述电网功率响应方程进行积分，得到Integrate the power grid power response equation to get
通过对上述积分方程求解，获取所述积分方程的曲线拐点，所述曲线拐点为电网频率的极点频率。By solving the above integral equation, the curve inflection point of the integral equation is obtained, and the curve inflection point is the pole frequency of the power grid frequency.
进一步的，根据电网规定的极限扰动量和所述极点频率，确定电网可承受的最小惯量，包括：Further, according to the limit disturbance amount specified by the power grid and the pole frequency, the minimum inertia that the power grid can withstand is determined, including:
在电网规定的极限扰动量ΔP下，假设电网频率最小极限为fex，若当前的频率极值fpole>fex，则减少当前发电机组中的一台机组，重新获取频率极值fpole_k；Under the limit disturbance amount ΔP specified by the power grid, assuming that the minimum limit of the power grid frequency is f ex , if the current frequency extreme value f pole >f ex , then reduce one unit in the current generating unit and reacquire the frequency extreme value f pole_k ;
若fpole_k>fex，则再次减少当前发电机组中的一台机组，重新获取频率极值fpole_k+1；If f pole_k > f ex , then reduce one unit in the current generating unit again, and reacquire the frequency extreme value f pole_k+1 ;
当fpole_k+1<fex时，fpole_k对应的电网发电机组及其惯量为电网此时所需的最小惯量值。When f pole_k+1 <f ex , the grid generator set corresponding to f pole_k and its inertia are the minimum inertia values required by the grid at this time.
本发明同时提供一种用于确定电网可承受的最小惯量的装置，包括：The invention also provides a device for determining the minimum inertia that the power grid can withstand, including:
暂态频率响应模型确定单元，用于确定电网中所有同步发电机的暂态频率响应模型；A transient frequency response model determination unit used to determine the transient frequency response models of all synchronous generators in the power grid;
传递函数获取单元，用于根据所述暂态频率响应模型，获取电网暂态频率响应的传递函数；A transfer function acquisition unit, configured to acquire the transfer function of the power grid's transient frequency response according to the transient frequency response model;
极点频率获取单元，用于根据所述传递函数，建立电网功率响应方程；通过求解所述电网功率响应方程，获取电网频率的极点频率；A pole frequency acquisition unit, configured to establish a power grid power response equation according to the transfer function; and obtain the pole frequency of the grid frequency by solving the power grid power response equation;
最小惯量确定单元，用于根据电网规定的极限扰动量和所述极点频率，确定电网可承受的最小惯量。The minimum inertia determination unit is used to determine the minimum inertia that the power grid can withstand based on the limit disturbance amount specified by the power grid and the pole frequency.
进一步的，所述暂态频率响应模型，包括：调速器的简化传递模型、汽轮机的简化传递模型和发电机的简化传递模型。Further, the transient frequency response model includes: a simplified transmission model of the governor, a simplified transmission model of the steam turbine, and a simplified transmission model of the generator.
进一步的，极点频率获取单元，包括：Further, the pole frequency acquisition unit includes:
积分子单元，用于对所述电网功率响应方程进行积分，得到The integrating subunit is used to integrate the power response equation of the power grid to obtain
求解子单元，用于通过对上述积分方程求解，获取所述积分方程的曲线拐点，所述曲线拐点为电网频率的极点频率。The solving subunit is used to obtain the curve inflection point of the integral equation by solving the above integral equation, and the curve inflection point is the pole frequency of the power grid frequency.
进一步的，最小惯量确定单元，包括：Further, the minimum inertia determination unit includes:
频率极值获取子单元，用于在电网规定的极限扰动量ΔP下，假设电网频率最小极限为fex，若当前的频率极值fpole>fex，则减少当前发电机组中的一台机组，重新获取频率极值fpole_k；The frequency extreme value acquisition subunit is used to reduce the number of units in the current generating unit under the limit disturbance amount ΔP specified by the power grid, assuming that the minimum limit of the power grid frequency is f ex . If the current frequency extreme value f pole >f ex , reacquire the frequency extreme value f pole_k ;
频率极值获取子单元，用于若fpole_k>fex，则再次减少当前发电机组中的一台机组，重新获取频率极值fpole_k+1；The frequency extreme value acquisition subunit is used to reduce one unit in the current generating unit again if f pole_k > f ex and reacquire the frequency extreme value f pole_k+1 ;
最小惯量值获取子单元，用于当fpole_k+1<fex时，fpole_k对应的电网发电机组及其惯量为电网此时所需的最小惯量值。The minimum inertia value acquisition subunit is used when f pole_k+1 <f ex , the power grid generator set corresponding to f pole_k and its inertia are the minimum inertia values required by the power grid at this time.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种用于确定电网可承受的最小惯量的方法的流程示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for determining the minimum inertia that a power grid can withstand provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例涉及的发电机的简化传递模型；Figure 2 is a simplified transfer model of the generator involved in the embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例涉及的调速器的简化传递模型；Figure 3 is a simplified transmission model of the speed regulator involved in the embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例涉及的汽轮机的简化传递模型；Figure 4 is a simplified transmission model of the steam turbine involved in the embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例涉及的发电机的简化传递模型；Figure 5 is a simplified transfer model of the generator involved in the embodiment of the present invention;
图6是本发明实施例涉及的全网暂态频率响应特性框图；Figure 6 is a block diagram of the transient frequency response characteristics of the entire network involved in the embodiment of the present invention;
图7是本发明实施例涉及的电网最小惯量计算流程图；Figure 7 is a flow chart for calculating the minimum inertia of the power grid involved in the embodiment of the present invention;
图8是本发明实施例提供的一种用于确定电网可承受的最小惯量的装置示意图。Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a device for determining the minimum inertia that the power grid can withstand according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广，因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施的限制。In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described here. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation disclosed below.
图1为本发明提供的一种用于确定电网可承受的最小惯量的方法，包括如下步骤：Figure 1 is a method provided by the present invention for determining the minimum inertia that the power grid can withstand, including the following steps:
步骤S101，确定电网中所有同步发电机的暂态频率响应模型。Step S101, determine the transient frequency response models of all synchronous generators in the power grid.
所述暂态频率响应模型，包括：调速器的简化传递模型、汽轮机的简化传递模型和发电机的简化传递模型。图3对应的是调速器的简化传递模型，图4对应的是汽轮机的简化传递模型，图5对应的是发电机的简化传递模型。The transient frequency response model includes: a simplified transmission model of the governor, a simplified transmission model of the steam turbine, and a simplified transmission model of the generator. Figure 3 corresponds to the simplified transmission model of the governor, Figure 4 corresponds to the simplified transmission model of the steam turbine, and Figure 5 corresponds to the simplified transmission model of the generator.
步骤S102，根据所述暂态频率响应模型，获取电网暂态频率响应的传递函数。Step S102: Obtain the transfer function of the power grid's transient frequency response according to the transient frequency response model.
根据所述暂态频率响应模型中的调速器的简化传递模型，获取调速器的传递函数；根据所述暂态频率响应模型中的调速器的汽轮机的简化传递模型，获取汽轮机的传递函数；根据所述暂态频率响应模型中的发电机的简化传递模型，获取发电机的传递函数。According to the simplified transmission model of the speed governor in the transient frequency response model, the transfer function of the speed governor is obtained; according to the simplified transmission model of the steam turbine of the speed governor in the transient frequency response model, the transmission of the steam turbine is obtained function; obtain the transfer function of the generator according to the simplified transfer model of the generator in the transient frequency response model.
步骤S103，根据所述传递函数，建立电网功率响应方程；通过求解所述电网功率响应方程，获取电网频率的极点频率。Step S103: Establish a power grid power response equation according to the transfer function; obtain the pole frequency of the grid frequency by solving the power grid power response equation.
通过每台发电机的有功响应特性，明确电网在发生有功扰动时发电机的出力，见图2。Through the active power response characteristics of each generator, the output of the generator when active power disturbance occurs in the power grid is clarified, as shown in Figure 2.
构建电网暂态频率响应传递函数框图，见图6。其中“原动机，调速系统”代表了框图3和框图4所代表的调速器的传递函数和汽轮机的传递函数。转子运动方程代表了图5所示的发电机简化传递函数，Construct the power grid transient frequency response transfer function block diagram, see Figure 6. Among them, "prime mover, speed control system" represents the transfer function of the speed regulator and the transfer function of the steam turbine represented by block diagram 3 and block diagram 4. The rotor motion equation represents the simplified transfer function of the generator shown in Figure 5,
根据所述调速器的传递函数和所述发电机的传递函数，确定所有发电机的有功输出变化量Pm和所有负荷的有功功率变化量Pe，其中，According to the transfer function of the speed controller and the transfer function of the generator, the active output variation Pm of all generators and the active power variation Pe of all loads are determined, where,
Pm＝∑ΔPG P m =∑ΔP G
Pe＝ΔPP e =ΔP
根据所有发电机的有功输出变化量Pm和所有负荷的有功功率变化量Pe，建立电网功率响应方程，所述电网功率响应方程为，According to the active output variation Pm of all generators and the active power variation Pe of all loads, a grid power response equation is established. The grid power response equation is,
其中，W为全网发电机的转动惯量之和。Among them, W is the sum of the moment of inertia of the generators in the entire network.
对所述电网功率响应方程进行积分，得到Integrate the power grid power response equation to get
通过对上述积分方程求解，获取所述积分方程的曲线拐点，所述曲线拐点为电网频率的极点频率。By solving the above integral equation, the curve inflection point of the integral equation is obtained, and the curve inflection point is the pole frequency of the power grid frequency.
在对上述积分方程求解时，曲线的拐点即是频率的极值。若曲线方程二阶导数，则求取二阶导数的零点，零点即为频率的极点时刻Tpole。若曲线方程二阶不可导，则寻找曲线向上或者向下改变方向的点，该点的时刻即为频率的极点时刻Tpole。将极点时刻带入方程，即可得到极点频率。When solving the above integral equation, the inflection point of the curve is the extreme value of the frequency. If the curve equation has a second-order derivative, find the zero point of the second-order derivative, and the zero point is the pole moment T pole of the frequency. If the curve equation is not differentiable in the second order, look for the point where the curve changes direction upward or downward. The moment at this point is the pole moment T pole of the frequency. By bringing the pole moment into the equation, the pole frequency can be obtained.
步骤S104，根据电网规定的极限扰动量和所述极点频率，确定电网可承受的最小惯量。Step S104: Determine the minimum inertia that the power grid can withstand based on the limit disturbance amount specified by the power grid and the pole frequency.
通过迭代求解获取当前电网所需的最小惯量，见图7。Obtain the minimum inertia required by the current power grid through iterative solution, see Figure 7.
在电网规定的极限扰动量ΔP下，假设电网频率最小极限为fex，若当前的频率极值fpole>fex，则减少当前发电机组中的一台机组，重新获取频率极值fpole_k；Under the limit disturbance amount ΔP specified by the power grid, assuming that the minimum limit of the power grid frequency is f ex , if the current frequency extreme value f pole >f ex , then reduce one unit in the current generating unit and reacquire the frequency extreme value f pole_k ;
若fpole_k>fex，则再次减少当前发电机组中的一台机组，重新获取频率极值fpole_k+1；If f pole_k > f ex , then reduce one unit in the current generating unit again, and reacquire the frequency extreme value f pole_k+1 ;
当fpole_k+1<fex时，则停止计算，此时，fpole_k对应的电网发电机组及其惯量为电网此时所需的最小惯量值。When f pole_k+1 <f ex , the calculation stops. At this time, the grid generator set corresponding to f pole_k and its inertia are the minimum inertia values required by the grid at this time.
基于同一发明构思，本发明同时提供一种用于确定电网可承受的最小惯量的装置800，如图8所示，包括：Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a device 800 for determining the minimum inertia that the power grid can withstand, as shown in Figure 8, including:
暂态频率响应模型确定单元810，用于确定电网中所有同步发电机的暂态频率响应模型；The transient frequency response model determination unit 810 is used to determine the transient frequency response models of all synchronous generators in the power grid;
传递函数获取单元820，用于根据所述暂态频率响应模型，获取电网暂态频率响应的传递函数；The transfer function acquisition unit 820 is used to acquire the transfer function of the power grid's transient frequency response according to the transient frequency response model;
极点频率获取单元830，用于根据所述传递函数，建立电网功率响应方程；通过求解所述电网功率响应方程，获取电网频率的极点频率；The pole frequency acquisition unit 830 is configured to establish a power grid power response equation according to the transfer function; obtain the pole frequency of the grid frequency by solving the power grid power response equation;
最小惯量确定单元840，用于根据电网规定的极限扰动量和所述极点频率，确定电网可承受的最小惯量。The minimum inertia determination unit 840 is used to determine the minimum inertia that the power grid can withstand based on the limit disturbance amount specified by the power grid and the pole frequency.
优选的，所述暂态频率响应模型，包括：调速器的简化传递模型、汽轮机的简化传递模型和发电机的简化传递模型。Preferably, the transient frequency response model includes: a simplified transmission model of the governor, a simplified transmission model of the steam turbine, and a simplified transmission model of the generator.
优选的，极点频率获取单元，包括：Preferably, the pole frequency acquisition unit includes:
积分子单元，用于对所述电网功率响应方程进行积分，得到The integrating subunit is used to integrate the power response equation of the power grid to obtain
求解子单元，用于通过对上述积分方程求解，获取所述积分方程的曲线拐点，所述曲线拐点为电网频率的极点频率。The solving subunit is used to obtain the curve inflection point of the integral equation by solving the above integral equation, and the curve inflection point is the pole frequency of the power grid frequency.
优选的，最小惯量确定单元，包括：Preferably, the minimum inertia determination unit includes:
频率极值获取子单元，用于在电网规定的极限扰动量ΔP下，假设电网频率最小极限为fex，若当前的频率极值fpole>fex，则减少当前发电机组中的一台机组，重新获取频率极值fpole_k；The frequency extreme value acquisition subunit is used to reduce the number of units in the current generating unit under the limit disturbance amount ΔP specified by the power grid, assuming that the minimum limit of the power grid frequency is f ex . If the current frequency extreme value f pole >f ex , reacquire the frequency extreme value f pole_k ;
频率极值获取子单元，用于若fpole_k>fex，则再次减少当前发电机组中的一台机组，重新获取频率极值fpole_k+1；The frequency extreme value acquisition subunit is used to reduce one unit in the current generating unit again if f pole_k > f ex and reacquire the frequency extreme value f pole_k+1 ;
最小惯量值获取子单元，用于当fpole_k+1<fex时，fpole_k对应的电网发电机组及其惯量为电网此时所需的最小惯量值。The minimum inertia value acquisition subunit is used when f pole_k+1 <f ex , the power grid generator set corresponding to f pole_k and its inertia are the minimum inertia values required by the power grid at this time.
本发明提供一种用于确定电网可承受的最小惯量的方法和装置，根据电网中所有同步发电机的暂态频率响应模型，建立电网功率响应方程，过求解所述电网功率响应方程，获取电网频率的极点频率，根据电网规定的极限扰动量和所述极点频率，确定电网可承受的最小惯量，为高比例电力系统频率稳定提供理论指导，降低电网运行的安全风险。The invention provides a method and device for determining the minimum inertia that the power grid can withstand. Based on the transient frequency response models of all synchronous generators in the power grid, a power grid power response equation is established. By solving the power grid power response equation, the power grid is obtained. The pole frequency of the frequency determines the minimum inertia that the power grid can withstand based on the limit disturbance amount specified by the power grid and the pole frequency, provides theoretical guidance for frequency stability of high-proportion power systems, and reduces the safety risks of power grid operation.
最后应该说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified. Modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the specific embodiments, and any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.
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