CN112398163A - Maximum wind power grid-connected capacity calculation method based on frequency critical safety constraint and inertia prediction - Google Patents

Maximum wind power grid-connected capacity calculation method based on frequency critical safety constraint and inertia prediction Download PDF

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CN112398163A
CN112398163A CN202011139454.9A CN202011139454A CN112398163A CN 112398163 A CN112398163 A CN 112398163A CN 202011139454 A CN202011139454 A CN 202011139454A CN 112398163 A CN112398163 A CN 112398163A
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inertia
frequency
power grid
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CN112398163B (en
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李世春
田冰杰
舒征宇
钟浩
薛臻瑶
罗颖
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China Three Gorges University CTGU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/004—Generation forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future energy generation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H02J3/144—Demand-response operation of the power transmission or distribution network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/40—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The maximum wind power grid-connected capacity calculation method based on frequency critical safety constraint and inertia prediction calculates the power grid inertia H (t) of each next day period through the day-ahead power generation plan information of a power grid and the wind power prediction curve of a wind power plantj) (ii) a Solving the critical inertia H of the power grid according to the maximum power shortage and frequency drop minimum requirement of the power gridminSo that the critical inertia H of the power gridminThe minimum value of frequency drop does not exceed the safety limit value when the maximum power shortage occurs; comparing the power grid inertia H (t) of each time interval of the next dayj) And critical inertia H of power gridminThe size and screening are smaller than the critical inertia H of the power gridminA period of time of; root of herbaceous plantAccording to the critical inertia H of the power gridminAnd solving the maximum grid-connected capacity S of the wind power plant in the time period lower than the critical inertia of the power gridWFmax. The technology of the invention can finely decide the maximum grid-connected capacity and the cut-off quantity of the wind power in real time in different periods, avoid 'mistakenly cutting' the wind power capacity and provide scientific theoretical basis and technical measures for the dispatching control of the power grid in the frequency safety accident treatment.

Description

Maximum wind power grid-connected capacity calculation method based on frequency critical safety constraint and inertia prediction
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of frequency safety and stability analysis of a power system containing wind power, in particular to a maximum wind power grid-connected capacity calculation method based on frequency critical safety constraint and inertia prediction.
Background
The large-scale and high-proportion access of wind power enables the inertia of a power grid to be continuously reduced, and the capability of the power grid for maintaining the frequency stability is seriously weakened. In academic circles, a wind power virtual inertia control method is widely proposed to solve the problem, but due to the fact that the wind power generation economy and the unit service life are lost when the virtual inertia control technology is implemented, the practical application rate of the technology is extremely low, and the planning of practical application or technical transformation is not seen in China. At present, when the problem of frequency safety and stability caused by large-scale wind power integration is solved, the potential safety hazard is eliminated mainly by adopting a 'one-blade-cutting' large-area wind power plant cutting mode, so that a large number of wind power units and wind power plants are often 'cut by mistake', and unnecessary power generation benefit and power supply reliability are sacrificed. Therefore, when the potential frequency safety accident is faced, a theoretical method and a measure for scientifically, reasonably and accurately determining the wind power removal amount are lacked in the current power grid dispatching control.
In view of the above, the invention provides a maximum wind power grid-connected capacity calculation method based on frequency critical safety constraint and inertia prediction, which can finely decide the maximum wind power grid-connected capacity and the cut-off amount in real time in different periods, avoid 'mistaken cut', and provide scientific theoretical basis and technical measures for power grid scheduling control in frequency safety accident handling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a maximum wind power grid-connected capacity calculation method based on frequency critical safety constraint and inertia prediction, which is characterized in that the real-time inertia of a power grid is calculated according to scheduling information and a wind power prediction curve, and the critical inertia of the power grid is calculated under the condition of the minimum value of frequency drop under power shortage; the method has the advantages that the grid-connected capacity of the wind power plant in the period that the real-time inertia of the power system is lower than the critical inertia is limited, and the inertia of the power system is always kept above the critical inertia, so that the frequency of the power system is maintained to be safe and stable.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the maximum wind power grid-connected capacity calculation method based on the frequency critical safety constraint and inertia prediction comprises the following steps of:
step 1: calculating the power grid inertia H (t) of each period of the next day according to the day-ahead power generation planning information of the power grid and the wind power prediction curve of the wind power plantj)；
Step 2: solving the critical inertia H of the power grid according to the maximum power shortage and frequency drop minimum requirement of the power gridminSo that the critical inertia H of the power gridminThe minimum value of frequency drop does not exceed the safety limit value when the maximum power shortage occurs;
and step 3: comparing the power grid inertia H (t) of each time interval of the next dayj) And critical inertia H of power gridminThe size and screening are smaller than the critical inertia H of the power gridminA period of time of;
and 4, step 4: according to the critical inertia H of the power gridminAnd solving the maximum grid-connected capacity S of the wind power plant in the time period lower than the critical inertia of the power gridWFmax。
In the step 1, the power grid inertia H (t) of each time interval of the next dayj) Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002737820360000021
in the above equation, i represents the ith synchronous generator or the ith wind farm. HGi、SGiThe inertia time constant and the rated capacity of each synchronous generator set in the j-th time period of the next day are respectively provided for the day-ahead power generation plan, and m represents the number of the synchronous generators in the power grid; hWFi、SWFiRespectively provide the prediction information of the wind power in the day aheadInertia time constants and rated capacities of wind power plants in the j time period of a day, wherein n represents the number of wind power plants in the power grid; when the wind turbine generator does not have the inertial response capability, HWFi＝0。
In the step 2:
first, a frequency response model of a multi-machine system is constructed, as shown in fig. 2. Different types of generators are modeled by different high-order systems, and simplification is performed in the scheduling model. And fitting different types of generators into a first-order inertia link by a least square method.
Figure BDA0002737820360000022
In the formula,. DELTA.PGiAnd the power is increased for the ith unit in the process of changing the system frequency. KiIs the per unit value of the power frequency static characteristic coefficient; t isiIs the response time constant of the generator; Δ ω(s) is a frequency domain form of frequency offset; s is the complex frequency.
At the moment after disturbance occurs, primary frequency modulation and load regulation effects do not act, and at the moment, the equivalent rotor swing equation of the system is as follows:
Figure BDA0002737820360000023
wherein Δ ω is the system frequency variation, Δ PLFor power deficit, H is the system equivalent inertia time constant, MΔωThe slope representing the initial frequency change is constant and t represents the time after the occurrence of the perturbation.
The important influence factor of the maximum frequency deviation of the system is the output power of the generator in the first few seconds after the disturbance occurs, and because the time is short, the input signal of the generator, namely the frequency variation can be linearized and expressed by a linear function; the input to the generator during a transient can therefore be modelled by equation (3), in which case the closed loop can be broken down to the model applicable in figure 3. Then Δ ω (t) in equation (3) is changed to a frequency domain form and substituted into equation (2) to obtain:
Figure BDA0002737820360000031
the physical quantities in the formulae are as indicated above.
The method is obtained by converting the formula (4) into a time domain through pull inverse transformation:
Figure BDA0002737820360000032
wherein, CiThe expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0002737820360000033
when the load regulation effect is neglected, the dynamic frequency deviation of the whole disturbed system is as follows:
Figure BDA0002737820360000034
in the formula, m represents the number of synchronous generators.
The time domain expression of the frequency variation is:
Figure BDA0002737820360000035
the derivation is performed on equation (8) and made equal to zero to find the time corresponding to the maximum frequency deviation of the system:
Figure BDA0002737820360000036
substituting formula (9) into formula (8) to obtain the maximum frequency deviation of the system:
Figure BDA0002737820360000037
converting the per unit value of equation (10) to a named value:
Figure BDA0002737820360000038
in the formula: f. of0Representing the initial frequency, f, of the systemBRepresenting the reference frequency, Δ ωmaxIs the per unit value of the maximum frequency deviation, Δ fmaxIs the famous value of the maximum frequency deviation.
If the power shortage Δ P is knownLAnd Δ fmaxThe following equations (6), (9) and (11) are obtained in combination:
Figure BDA0002737820360000041
tminm represents the number of synchronous generators as the time corresponding to the maximum frequency deviation.
According to the formula (12), t is solvedminDenoted t as it is knownmin-kSubstituting the above-mentioned compound with formula (6) to obtain CiThe same applies to the value of (A) expressed as C due to the known quantityi-kThen, mixing Ci-kAnd tmin-kSubstituting formula (9) to obtain the system inertia at this time as:
Figure BDA0002737820360000042
in the step 2: when the maximum power shortage of the system occurs, the following two situations are divided:
1) and off-line of the maximum capacity synchronous unit:
at the moment, the power grid inertia H of each time period1(tj) The expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0002737820360000043
in the formula, k represents the offline of the kth synchronous unit, and the rest physical quantities in the formula are shown in the specification.
When the power shortage Delta P of the maximum synchronous unit off-line occursmax1And when the lowest value of the frequency drop reaches the safety critical point, the following results are obtained:
Figure BDA0002737820360000044
in the formula,. DELTA.fmax-cIs the system maximum frequency deviation safety critical value, t1minThe maximum value of the frequency deviation corresponds to the time when the maximum synchronous unit is off-line, and the rest physical quantities are as shown in the specification.
The critical inertia H of the grid according to equation (13)1minComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002737820360000045
in the formula, t1min-kAnd Ci1-kRespectively C in the corresponding formula (13) under the condition of off-line of the maximum synchronous uniti-kAnd tmin-k。
2) And sudden load increase:
the maximum load sudden increase does not cause the change of the system inertia, so the power grid inertia H in each time period2(tj) The expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0002737820360000051
power deficit Δ P when load surges occurmax2And when the lowest value of the frequency drop reaches a safety critical point, the following results are obtained:
Figure BDA0002737820360000052
in the formula, t2minThe time corresponding to the maximum frequency deviation at the time of sudden load increase is shown, and the remaining physical quantities are as described above.
Then according to equation (13) power gridCritical inertia H2minComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002737820360000053
in the formula, t2min-kAnd Ci2-kRespectively C in the corresponding formula (13) in the case of sudden load increasei-kAnd tmin-k。
In the step 3, screening the critical inertia H smaller than the power gridminThe time period mode of (1) is as follows:
the power grid inertia H of each time period of the power system is divided into two types of power shortage1(tj) And H2(tj) And respectively comparing the critical inertia of the power grid with the corresponding critical inertia of the power grid, and judging which time intervals do not meet the critical inertia requirement of the power grid.
If:
H1(tj)≤H1minor H2(tj)≤H2min
The grid inertia does not meet the critical inertia requirement, and the grid-connected capacity of the wind power plant needs to be limited;
if:
H1(tj)>H1minor H2(tj)>H2min
The power grid inertia meets the critical inertia requirement, and the power grid has no potential frequency safety hazard.
In the step 4, the maximum grid-connected capacity value of the wind power under two power shortage conditions of the system is respectively obtained, and then the minimum value is obtained, including:
firstly, the maximum capacity synchronous unit is off-line:
at the moment, the inertia H of the power grid is updated and calculated by using the information of the whole grid synchronous unit and the formula (14)1(tj) And is made equal to the critical inertia value H satisfying the frequency safety constraint1minAs follows:
Figure BDA0002737820360000054
further, S can be obtained according to the above formulaWFmax1Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002737820360000061
② sudden load increase:
similarly, the power grid inertia H is calculated by using the information of the whole network synchronous unit and the formula (17)2(tj) And is made equal to the critical inertia value H satisfying the frequency safety constraint2minAs follows:
Figure BDA0002737820360000062
then SWFmax2Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002737820360000063
finally, taking the maximum grid-connected capacity S of wind powerWFmaxIs SWFmax1、SWFmax2The smallest of them:
SWFmax＝min(SWFmax1，SWFmax2) (24)
the invention discloses a maximum wind power grid-connected capacity calculation method based on frequency critical safety constraint and inertia prediction, which has the following technical effects:
1: and (4) utilizing the power generation plan information before the region scheduling day and the wind power output prediction curve, and predicting the power grid inertia of the next day. And screening time intervals which do not meet the power grid critical inertia constraint by comparing the predicted next day power grid inertia with the power grid critical inertia, and solving the maximum wind power grid-connected capacity of the time intervals. The invention provides reliable basis and important reference for ensuring the safety and stability of the power grid frequency.
2: for a power system with large-scale wind power access, a time-interval power grid inertia H (t) is providedj) And critical inertia H of power gridmin. Below H at certain grid inertia levelsminTo the wind farm in the time period ofAnd restricting the grid-connected capacity. On one hand, reliable basis is provided for providing limitation grid connection requirements for a wind power plant, on the other hand, the power grid inertia is required to be maintained above a critical value, and the potential safety hazard of the power grid frequency is eliminated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a frequency response model of the multi-machine system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an open-loop form diagram of a frequency response model for a multi-machine system of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a simulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of predicted values of generated power of a wind power plant in each time period in one day.
FIG. 6 is a graph of calculated values of power grid inertia in each period under the condition that the maximum synchronous unit is disconnected.
FIG. 7 is a graph of calculated grid inertia values at various time intervals under sudden load increase.
Fig. 8 is a graph of a period of time that the inertia of the power grid is lower than the critical inertia when the synchronous unit is off-line.
FIG. 9 is a graph of the period of time during which the grid inertia is below the critical inertia during a sudden load increase.
FIG. 10 is a diagram comparing grid-connected capacity and normal value of a wind power plant under the constraint of critical inertia when a synchronous unit is off-grid.
Fig. 11 is a graph comparing grid-connected capacity and normal value of a wind power plant under the constraint of critical inertia during sudden load increase.
Detailed Description
The maximum wind power grid-connected capacity calculation method based on the frequency critical safety constraint and inertia prediction is implemented by a flow chart shown in fig. 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the day-ahead power generation planning information of the regional power grid and the wind power prediction curve of the wind power plant, predicting and calculating the power grid inertia H (t) of each next day period of the power gridj) Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002737820360000071
in the above equation, i represents the ith synchronous generator or the ith wind farm. HGi、SGiThe inertia time constant and the rated capacity of each synchronous generator set in the j-th time period of the next day are respectively provided for the day-ahead power generation plan, and m represents the number of the synchronous generators in the power grid; hWFi、SWFiInertia time constants and rated capacities of wind power plants in the next j time period provided for the day-ahead wind power prediction information are provided, and n represents the number of wind power plants in the power grid; when the wind turbine generator does not have the inertial response capability, HWFi＝0。
Step 2: solving the critical inertia H of the power grid according to the maximum power shortage in the region and the safe minimum value of the power grid frequencymin(ii) a According to the maximum power shortage in the condition that important tie lines are disconnected in fault, maximum capacity unit is disconnected and load is suddenly increased in a regional power grid, if the system inertia is in the maximum power shortage, the system frequency is reduced to the safe minimum value f of the power grid frequencymin. At this time, the inertia of the power grid is a critical value, and if the inertia level is lower than the critical value, the system frequency will fall below a safety value when a serious power shortage occurs, thus endangering the safe and stable operation of the power system.
(1) First, a frequency response model of a multi-machine system is constructed, as shown in fig. 2. Different types of generators are modeled by different high-order systems, and simplification is performed in the scheduling model. And fitting different types of generators into a first-order inertia link by a least square method.
Figure BDA0002737820360000072
In the formula,. DELTA.PGiAnd the power is increased for the ith unit in the process of changing the system frequency. KiIs the per unit value of the power frequency static characteristic coefficient; t isiIs the response time constant of the generator; Δ ω(s) is a frequency domain form of frequency offset; s is the complex frequency.
At the moment after disturbance occurs, primary frequency modulation and load regulation effects do not act, and at the moment, the equivalent rotor swing equation of the system is as follows:
Figure BDA0002737820360000081
wherein Δ ω is the system frequency variation, Δ PLFor power deficit, H is the system equivalent inertia time constant, MΔωThe slope representing the initial frequency change is constant and t represents the time after the occurrence of the perturbation.
The important influence factor of the maximum frequency deviation of the system is the output power of the generator in the first few seconds after the disturbance occurs, and because the time is short, the input signal of the generator, namely the frequency variation can be linearized and expressed by a linear function; the input to the generator during a transient can therefore be modelled by equation (3), in which case the closed loop can be broken down to the model applicable in figure 3. Then Δ ω (t) in equation (3) is changed to a frequency domain form and substituted into equation (2) to obtain:
Figure BDA0002737820360000082
the physical quantities in the formulae are as indicated above.
The method is obtained by converting the formula (4) into a time domain through pull inverse transformation:
Figure BDA0002737820360000083
wherein, CiThe expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0002737820360000084
when the load regulation effect is neglected, the dynamic frequency deviation of the whole disturbed system is as follows:
Figure BDA0002737820360000085
in the formula, m represents the number of synchronous generators.
The time domain expression of the frequency variation is:
Figure BDA0002737820360000086
the derivation is performed on equation (8) and made equal to zero to find the time corresponding to the maximum frequency deviation of the system:
Figure BDA0002737820360000087
substituting formula (9) into formula (8) to obtain the maximum frequency deviation of the system:
Figure BDA0002737820360000091
converting the per unit value of equation (10) to a named value:
Figure BDA0002737820360000092
in the formula: f. of0Representing the initial frequency, f, of the systemBRepresenting the reference frequency, Δ ωmaxIs the per unit value of the maximum frequency deviation, Δ fmaxIs the famous value of the maximum frequency deviation.
If the power shortage Δ P is knownLAnd Δ fmaxThe following equations (6), (9) and (11) are obtained in combination:
Figure BDA0002737820360000093
tminm represents the number of synchronous generators as the time corresponding to the maximum frequency deviation.
According to the formula (12), t is solvedminDenoted t as it is knownmin-kSubstituting the above-mentioned compound with formula (6) to obtain CiThe value of (A) is also expressed in terms of the known quantityCi-kThen, mixing Ci-kAnd tmin-kSubstituting formula (9) to obtain the system inertia at this time as:
Figure BDA0002737820360000094
(2) when the maximum power shortage of the system occurs, the following two situations are divided:
1) and off-line of the maximum capacity synchronous unit:
at the moment, the power grid inertia H of each time period1(tj) The expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0002737820360000095
in the formula, k represents the offline of the kth synchronous unit, and the rest physical quantities in the formula are shown in the specification.
When the power shortage Delta P of the maximum synchronous unit off-line occursmax1And when the lowest value of the frequency drop reaches the safety critical point, the following results are obtained:
Figure BDA0002737820360000096
in the formula,. DELTA.fmax-cIs the system maximum frequency deviation safety critical value, t1minThe maximum value of the frequency deviation corresponds to the time when the maximum synchronous unit is off-line, and the rest physical quantities are as shown in the specification.
The critical inertia H of the grid according to equation (13)1minComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002737820360000101
in the formula, t1min-kAnd Ci1-kRespectively C in the corresponding formula (13) under the condition of off-line of the maximum synchronous uniti-kAnd tmin-k。
2) And sudden load increase:
sudden increase of maximum loadBecause the inertia change of the system is not caused, the inertia H of the power grid in each time period at the moment2(tj) The expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0002737820360000102
power deficit Δ P when load surges occurmax2And when the lowest value of the frequency drop reaches a safety critical point, the following results are obtained:
Figure BDA0002737820360000103
in the formula, t2minThe time corresponding to the maximum frequency deviation at the time of sudden load increase is shown, and the remaining physical quantities are as described above.
The critical inertia H of the grid according to equation (13)2minComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002737820360000104
in the formula, t2min-kAnd Ci2-kRespectively C in the corresponding formula (13) in the case of sudden load increasei-kAnd tmin-k。
And step 3: the mode of screening the time period less than the critical inertia is as follows: the power grid inertia H of each time period of the power system is divided into two types of power shortage1(tj) And H2(tj) And respectively comparing the critical inertia of the power grid with the corresponding critical inertia of the power grid, and judging which time intervals do not meet the critical inertia requirement of the critical power grid.
If:
H1(tj)≤H1minor H2(tj)≤H2min
And the grid inertia does not meet the critical inertia requirement, and the grid-connected capacity of the wind power plant needs to be limited.
If:
H1(tj)>H1minor H2(tj)>H2min
The power grid inertia meets the critical inertia requirement, and the power grid has no potential frequency safety hazard.
And 4, step 4: solving maximum grid-connected capacity S of wind power plant in time period lower than critical inertia of power gridWFmaxRespectively calculating the maximum grid-connected capacity value of the wind power under two power shortage conditions of the system, and then taking the minimum value of the maximum grid-connected capacity value, wherein the minimum value comprises the following steps:
firstly, the maximum capacity synchronous unit is off-line:
at the moment, the inertia H of the power grid is updated and calculated by using the information of the whole grid synchronous unit and the formula (14)1(tj) And is made equal to the critical inertia value H satisfying the frequency safety constraint1minAs follows:
Figure BDA0002737820360000111
further, S can be obtained according to the above formulaWFmax1Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002737820360000112
② sudden load increase:
similarly, the power grid inertia H is calculated by using the information of the whole network synchronous unit and the formula (17)2(tj) And is made equal to the critical inertia value H satisfying the frequency safety constraint2minAs follows:
Figure BDA0002737820360000113
then SWFmax2Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002737820360000114
finally, taking the maximum grid-connected capacity S of wind powerWFmaxIs SWFmax1、SWFmax2The smallest of them:
SWFmax＝min(SWFmax1，SWFmax2) (24)
and 5: the maximum wind power grid-connected capacity calculation method based on the frequency critical safety constraint and the inertia prediction is established, and the correctness of the maximum wind power grid-connected capacity calculation method is verified through an ieee39 node calculation example system.
Under the Matlab/simulink environment, a sample computing system shown in FIG. 4 is built, wherein the sample computing system comprises 10 synchronous generator sets and a wind power plant, and the rated grid-connected capacity of the wind power plant is 600 MW. Calculating inertia H (t) in step 1 from the day-ahead power generation plan information and the wind farm power generation prediction informationj). According to the regulation of the 53 th clause of the Power supply Business rules, under the abnormal condition of the power system, the allowable deviation of the power supply frequency should not exceed +/-1.0 Hz, namely the maximum deviation delta f of the system frequency for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power gridmax± 1.0 hz. Further solving the critical inertia H of the power grid for ensuring that the frequency deviation of the system does not exceed a specified value under the condition that the system has high power shortagemin. Screening two time periods which do not meet the critical inertia of the power grid under the condition of different maximum power shortage, and finally solving the maximum grid-connected capacity S of the wind power plant in the time periodsWFmaxTherefore, the requirement for limiting grid-connected capacity is put forward to the wind power plant.
The detailed parameters of the generator involved in the experimental validation are shown in table 1,
TABLE 1 Generator parameter Table in simulation System
Figure BDA0002737820360000121
The unit change situation table and the power generation schedule table in each period are shown in tables 2 and 3,
table 2 table of generator set variation condition of each time period in one day of simulation system
Figure BDA0002737820360000122
TABLE 3 24-hour a day dispatch center power generation schedule
Figure BDA0002737820360000131
Figure BDA0002737820360000141
Figure BDA0002737820360000151
The wind farm generated power prediction is shown in FIG. 5.
According to two different power shortages, the calculation process comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (I) off-line of a maximum capacity synchronous unit:
1. the power grid inertia in each time period is as follows: if the G9 synchronous unit is disconnected from the grid according to the generation plan and the wind farm generation prediction information, the calculation result of the grid inertia value according to the equation (14) in each time period in one day is shown in fig. 6.
It can be seen from fig. 6 that the inertia level of the system is changed in a step shape as a whole, and is influenced by the power generation plan of the dispatching center. Meanwhile, the time period with the lower power grid inertia level in fig. 6 corresponds to the time period with large wind power generation, so that the increase of the wind power grid-connected capacity can reduce the power grid inertia level and threaten the safety and stability of the power grid frequency.
2. Critical value of power grid inertia: and (4) under the condition of offline of the maximum capacity synchronous unit, a power grid frequency safety critical value is considered to obtain a power grid inertia critical value.
According to the generated power of each generator set, G9 offline is required when the maximum synchronous generator set offline fault occurs, and the maximum power shortage delta P is required at the momentmax1＝0.132；
Will be delta PL1＝0.132、ΔfmaxThe parameters of the generator set are substituted by formula (15) and formula (16) to obtain 1 Hz:
t1min＝4.5s H1min＝7.43s
3. and (3) time interval not meeting critical inertia of the power grid: the calculation results of FIG. 6 and H1minComparing, screening outThe period of time for which the critical inertia of the grid is met, the results are shown in fig. 8 and table 4. It can be seen from fig. 8 that the grid inertia level is lower than the critical grid inertia in some periods, and the wind power integration capacity in these periods needs to be limited, so as to improve the grid inertia level.
Table 4 time interval when power grid inertia is lower than critical inertia under off-line of synchronous machine set and its specific settlement result table
Figure BDA0002737820360000161
4. Wind power plant grid-connected capacity under critical inertia constraint: fig. 10 and table 6 show the maximum grid-connected capacity of the wind farm under the critical inertia constraint, when the maximum capacity synchronous unit is disconnected, by substituting the parameters according to the equations (20) and (21). As can be seen from fig. 10, for a period in which the level of the power grid inertia is lower than the critical inertia, the maximum wind power grid-connection capacity is constrained according to the critical inertia of the power grid, so that the power grid inertia is not lower than the critical inertia of the power grid at any time. Thereby ensuring the frequency safety and stability of the system.
Table 6 wind power plant grid-connected capacity calculation result table under critical inertia constraint when synchronous machine set is off-grid
Figure BDA0002737820360000162
Figure BDA0002737820360000171
(II) sudden load increase:
1. the power grid inertia in each time period is as follows: if a sudden load increase equal to the amount of the G9 synchronous unit occurs according to the power generation plan and the wind farm power generation prediction information, the calculation result of the grid inertia value according to equation (17) at each time of the day is shown in fig. 7. Inertia of each time interval of the power grid is influenced by a power generation plan and wind power grid-connected capacity to present step-shaped change, and frequency safety and stability problems may exist in the time interval with lower inertia of the power grid.
2. Critical value of power grid inertia: and (4) under the sudden load increase, a power grid frequency safety critical value is considered to obtain a power grid inertia critical value.
Maximum power deficit Δ P at G9 capacity equal load surgemax20.132, will be Δ PL1＝0.132、ΔfmaxThe parameters of the generator set are substituted by formula (18) and formula (19) to obtain 1 Hz:
t2min＝3.77s H2min＝6.22s
3. and (3) time interval not meeting critical inertia of the power grid: the calculation results of FIG. 7 and H2minAnd (5) screening out time intervals which do not meet the critical inertia of the power grid in comparison, wherein the results are shown in fig. 9 and table 5. From table 5, it can be seen that under the sudden load increase, there are 5 periods in which the total grid inertia is lower than the critical inertia, and the wind power grid-connected capacity in these periods needs to be limited, so as to improve the grid inertia level.
TABLE 5 time interval when the power grid inertia is lower than the critical inertia under sudden load increase and specific calculation result table thereof
Figure BDA0002737820360000172
4. Wind power plant grid-connected capacity under critical inertia constraint: the wind farm grid-connected capacity under the critical inertia constraint is obtained by substituting the parameters according to the formula (22) and the formula (23) and obtaining the wind farm grid-connected capacity under the critical inertia constraint when the maximum capacity synchronous unit is disconnected. As can be seen from table 7, if the wind power grid-connected capacity in these time periods is limited to the maximum wind power grid-connected capacity under the critical inertia constraint, the grid inertia level will be kept at or above the critical inertia, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the grid frequency.
TABLE 7 wind farm grid-connected capacity calculation result table under critical inertia constraint during sudden load increase
Figure BDA0002737820360000173
(III) determining the maximum grid-connected capacity of the wind power plant:
and comprehensively comparing the maximum grid-connected capacity of the wind power plant under the two power shortages according to the formula (24), and taking the smaller value of the maximum grid-connected capacity to ensure the safety and stability of the frequency under various power shortages. The final value of the maximum grid-connected capacity of the wind power plant is the condition that the maximum capacity synchronous unit is off-grid, and is shown in fig. 10 and table 6. It can be seen that if the wind power grid-connected capacity in the time period recorded in table 6 is limited to the calculated maximum grid-connected capacity, the level of the power grid inertia is higher than the critical inertia, so that the system frequency is maintained to be safe and stable.
The analysis and calculation result shows that: the grid-connected capacity of the wind power plant in some time periods is 0, the situation that too few synchronous units exist in the time periods, and even if the grid-connected capacity of the wind power plant is 0, the critical inertia requirement of the system cannot be met. Therefore, the start-stop condition of the synchronous unit needs to be considered again in the time intervals.

Claims (6)

1. The maximum wind power grid-connected capacity calculation method based on the frequency critical safety constraint and inertia prediction is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: calculating the power grid inertia H (t) of each period of the next day according to the day-ahead power generation planning information of the power grid and the wind power prediction curve of the wind power plantj)；
Step 2: solving the critical inertia H of the power grid according to the maximum power shortage and frequency drop minimum requirement of the power gridminSo that the critical inertia H of the power gridminThe minimum value of frequency drop does not exceed the safety limit value when the maximum power shortage occurs;
and step 3: comparing the power grid inertia H (t) of each time interval of the next dayj) And critical inertia H of power gridminThe size and screening are smaller than the critical inertia H of the power gridminA period of time of;
and 4, step 4: according to the critical inertia H of the power gridminAnd solving the maximum grid-connected capacity S of the wind power plant in the time period lower than the critical inertia of the power gridWFmax。
2. The method for calculating the maximum wind power integration capacity based on the frequency critical safety constraint and the inertia prediction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, the next dayGrid inertia H (t) of each time periodj) Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002737820350000011
in the above formula, i represents the ith synchronous generator or the ith wind power plant; hGi、SGiThe inertia time constant and the rated capacity of each synchronous generator set in the j-th time period of the next day are respectively provided for the day-ahead power generation plan, and m represents the number of the synchronous generators in the power grid; hWFi、SWFiInertia time constants and rated capacities of wind power plants in the next j time period provided for the day-ahead wind power prediction information are provided, and n represents the number of wind power plants in the power grid; when the wind turbine generator does not have the inertial response capability, HWFi＝0。
3. The method for calculating the maximum wind power integration capacity based on the frequency critical safety constraint and the inertia prediction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 2:
firstly, constructing a frequency response model of a multi-machine system, modeling different types of generators by different high-order systems, simplifying the models in a scheduling model, fitting the different types of generators into a first-order inertia link by a least square method,
Figure FDA0002737820350000012
in the formula,. DELTA.PGiThe power of primary frequency modulation and transmission increase of the ith unit in the system frequency change process; kiIs the per unit value of the power frequency static characteristic coefficient; t isiIs the response time constant of the generator; Δ ω(s) is a frequency domain form of frequency offset; s is the complex frequency;
at the moment after disturbance occurs, primary frequency modulation and load regulation effects do not act, and at the moment, the equivalent rotor swing equation of the system is as follows:
Figure FDA0002737820350000021
wherein Δ ω is the system frequency variation, Δ PLFor power deficit, H is the system equivalent inertia time constant, MΔωThe slope representing the initial frequency change is constant, and t represents the time after the disturbance occurs;
the input to the generator during transients can be modeled by equation (3), changing Δ ω (t) in equation (3) to the frequency domain and substituting into equation (2) can be derived:
Figure FDA0002737820350000022
the method is obtained by converting the formula (4) into a time domain through pull inverse transformation:
Figure FDA0002737820350000023
wherein, CiThe expression of (a) is:
Figure FDA0002737820350000024
when the load regulation effect is neglected, the dynamic frequency deviation of the whole disturbed system is as follows:
Figure FDA0002737820350000025
wherein m represents the number of synchronous generators;
the time domain expression of the frequency variation is:
Figure FDA0002737820350000026
the derivation is performed on equation (8) and made equal to zero to find the time corresponding to the maximum frequency deviation of the system:
Figure FDA0002737820350000027
substituting formula (9) into formula (8) to obtain the maximum frequency deviation of the system:
Figure FDA0002737820350000028
converting the per unit value of equation (10) to a named value:
Figure FDA0002737820350000031
in the formula (f)0Representing the initial frequency, f, of the systemBRepresenting the reference frequency, Δ ωmaxIs the per unit value of the maximum frequency deviation, Δ fmaxIs the nominal value of the maximum frequency deviation;
if the power shortage Δ P is knownLAnd Δ fmaxThe following equations (6), (9) and (11) are obtained in combination:
Figure FDA0002737820350000032
in the formula, tminM represents the number of synchronous generators, which is the time corresponding to the maximum frequency deviation;
according to the formula (12), t is solvedminDenoted t as it is knownmin-kSubstituting the above-mentioned compound with formula (6) to obtain CiThe same applies to the value of (A) expressed as C due to the known quantityi-kThen, mixing Ci-kAnd tmin-kSubstituting formula (9) to obtain the system inertia at this time as:
Figure FDA0002737820350000033
4. the method according to claim 3 for calculating the maximum wind power integration capacity based on the frequency critical safety constraint and inertia prediction,
the method is characterized in that: in the step 2: when the maximum power shortage of the system occurs, the following two situations are divided:
1) and off-line of the maximum capacity synchronous unit:
at the moment, the power grid inertia H of each time period1(tj) The expression of (a) is:
Figure FDA0002737820350000034
in the formula, k represents the offline of the kth synchronous unit, and the rest physical quantities in the formula are shown in the specification;
when the power shortage Delta P of the maximum synchronous unit off-line occursmax1And when the lowest value of the frequency drop reaches the safety critical point, the following results are obtained:
Figure FDA0002737820350000035
in the formula,. DELTA.fmax-cIs the system maximum frequency deviation safety critical value, t1minThe maximum value of the frequency deviation corresponds to the time when the maximum synchronous unit is off-line, and the rest physical quantities are as shown in the specification;
the critical inertia H of the grid according to equation (13)1minComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002737820350000041
in the formula, t1min-kAnd Ci1-kRespectively C in the corresponding formula (13) under the condition of off-line of the maximum synchronous uniti-kAnd tmin-k；
2) And sudden load increase:
the maximum load sudden increase does not cause the systemInertia changes, namely the inertia H of the power grid in each time period2(tj) The expression of (a) is:
Figure FDA0002737820350000042
power deficit Δ P when load surges occurmax2And when the lowest value of the frequency drop reaches a safety critical point, the following results are obtained:
Figure FDA0002737820350000043
in the formula, t2minThe time corresponding to the maximum frequency deviation when the load suddenly increases is represented, and the rest physical quantities are shown as the above;
the critical inertia H of the grid according to equation (13)2minComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002737820350000044
in the formula, t2min-kAnd Ci2-kRespectively C in the corresponding formula (13) in the case of sudden load increasei-kAnd tmin-k。
5. The method for calculating the maximum wind power integration capacity based on the frequency critical safety constraint and the inertia prediction as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3, screening the critical inertia H smaller than the power gridminThe time period mode of (1) is as follows:
the power grid inertia H of each time period of the power system is divided into two types of power shortage1(tj) And H2(tj) Respectively comparing the critical inertia of the power grid with the corresponding critical inertia of the power grid, and judging which time intervals do not meet the critical inertia requirement of the power grid;
if:
H1(tj)≤H1minor H2(tj)≤H2min
The grid inertia does not meet the critical inertia requirement, and the grid-connected capacity of the wind power plant needs to be limited;
if:
H1(tj)>H1minor H2(tj)>H2min
The power grid inertia meets the critical inertia requirement, and the power grid has no potential frequency safety hazard.
6. The method for calculating the maximum wind power integration capacity based on the frequency critical safety constraint and the inertia prediction as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: respectively calculating the maximum wind power grid-connected capacity value under two power shortage conditions of the system, and then taking the minimum value of the maximum wind power grid-connected capacity value, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, the maximum capacity synchronous unit is off-line:
at the moment, the inertia H of the power grid is updated and calculated by using the information of the whole grid synchronous unit and the formula (14)1(tj) And is made equal to the critical inertia value H satisfying the frequency safety constraint1minAs follows:
Figure FDA0002737820350000051
further, S can be obtained according to the above formulaWFmax1Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002737820350000052
② sudden load increase:
similarly, the power grid inertia H is calculated by using the information of the whole network synchronous unit and the formula (17)2(tj) And is made equal to the critical inertia value H satisfying the frequency safety constraint2minAs follows:
Figure FDA0002737820350000053
then SWFmax2Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002737820350000054
finally, taking the maximum grid-connected capacity S of wind powerWFmaxIs SWFmax1、SWFmax2The smallest of them:
SWFmax＝min(SWFmax1，SWFmax2)(24)。
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