CN115834319B - Multi-carrier back scattering communication method, device and system - Google Patents
Multi-carrier back scattering communication method, device and system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/36—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-carrier back scattering communication method, a device and a system, which belong to the field of wireless communication and comprise the following steps: the base station transmits an excitation signal; the back scattering label utilizes an optional reflection coefficient to fit a baseband signal modulated by a multi-carrier wave, and the switched impedance network scatters an excitation signal transmitted by the base station to generate a back scattering signal modulated by the multi-carrier wave; the receiver receives the backscatter signal and demodulates it. The backscattering tag can send the multi-carrier signal, can effectively resist frequency selective fading, and greatly improves the communication rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and in particular relates to a multi-carrier back scattering communication method, device and system.
Background
In recent years, backscatter communication has received extensive attention and research in the field of passive internet of things. Backscatter communications utilize radio frequency signals in the environment as excitation, which when scattered, applies modulation to convey self information. The advantage of ultra-low power consumption caused by back scattering communication is considered as one of the key technologies of the passive internet of things because high-power consumption devices such as a high-frequency crystal oscillator, a mixer, an amplifier and the like are not needed.
In order to reduce deployment overhead, the backscatter technology needs to be compatible with existing radios. The existing partial back scattering scheme uses a codeword conversion method to convert codewords transmitted by radio frequency signals in the environment into other legal codewords, so that the back scattering signals can still be received by commercial equipment. But this approach requires additional receiving equipment to simultaneously receive and demodulate the excitation signal. Another part of the backscatter scheme uses a single frequency carrier wave as the excitation signal, generating a baseband signal on the backscatter tag and modulating onto the carrier wave. However, the above scheme is compatible with Wi-Fi 802.11b and LoRa protocols, and is difficult to expand to high-order modulation and multi-carrier modulation due to limited modulation capability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a multi-carrier back scattering communication method, a device and a system, which aim to solve the technical problem that the prior art is difficult to be compatible with radio equipment supporting multi-carrier communication due to limited modulation capability.
To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a multicarrier backscattering communication method, which is applied to a backscattering tag, comprising the steps of:
s1, carrying out signal processing on original data to obtain a normalized sequence with variance of 1;
s2, fitting a normalized sequence after signal processing by using the actual measurement value of the reflection coefficient;
s3, controlling impedance network switching according to a reflection coefficient sequence obtained by signal fitting;
S4, scattering the excitation signal sent by the base station through an antenna connected with the impedance network to generate a multi-carrier back scattering signal.
Further preferably, the signal processing of the raw data comprises the steps of:
Constellation mapping is carried out on the original data, mapping results are distributed to subcarriers corresponding to the multi-carrier symbols, then subcarriers with values of 0 are supplemented, so that the total number of the subcarriers is increased, and multi-carrier modulation is carried out according to the values of the subcarriers;
And dividing each sampling value in the signal sequence obtained by multicarrier modulation by the standard deviation of the sequence obtained by statistics to obtain a normalized sequence with variance of 1.
Further preferably, the signal fitting comprises the steps of:
Applying phase shift, amplitude scaling and uniform amplitude shift to the actual reflection coefficient measured value of the impedance network of the back scattering label, so that the processed reflection coefficient processed value approximates to the reflection coefficient design value;
For each sample value in the normalized sequence, a reflection coefficient processing value having the smallest difference from the single sample value is selected among all reflection coefficient processing values. Repeating the steps for sampling values in all normalization sequences, and arranging the reflection coefficient processing values corresponding to each sampling value according to the sequence of the sampling values to obtain a reflection coefficient processing value sequence.
Further preferably, the impedance network switching is achieved by switching different impedance states through a radio frequency switch, the impedance network comprising a power divider/combiner and two single pole four throw (SP 4T) radio frequency switches. The four-way ports of each radio frequency switch are connected with different load impedances and correspond to different impedance states;
Each radio frequency switch may provide S impedance states, and the power divider/combiner combines the impedance states of the two radio frequency switches, so the impedance network may provide S 2 impedance states. Each impedance state corresponds to 1 reflection coefficient, and the impedance network can provide S 2 reflection coefficients.
Further preferably, the impedance network switches, according to the sequence of reflection coefficient processing values obtained by fitting signals, sequentially takes single reflection coefficient processing values, determines corresponding actually measured reflection coefficient values, and controls two radio frequency switches in the impedance network to switch to corresponding impedance states.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a multicarrier backscattering communication apparatus, including a signal processing module, a decision judging module, and a scattering radio frequency module;
the signal processing module is used for carrying out signal processing on the original data to obtain a normalized sequence with variance of 1, and fitting the normalized sequence after the signal processing by utilizing the actual measurement value of the reflection coefficient;
the decision judging module is used for controlling impedance network switching according to the reflection coefficient sequence obtained by signal fitting;
The scattering radio frequency module is used for scattering the excitation signal sent by the base station through an antenna connected with the impedance network to generate a multi-carrier back scattering signal.
Further preferably, the signal processing module performs constellation mapping on the original data, distributes a mapping result to a corresponding subcarrier, supplements a subcarrier with a value of 0, and performs multicarrier modulation according to the value of the subcarrier; dividing each sampling value in a signal sequence obtained by multicarrier modulation by a sequence standard deviation obtained by statistics to obtain a normalized sequence with variance of 1; applying phase shift, amplitude scaling and amplitude shift to the actual measured value of the reflection coefficient of the impedance network of the back scattering label, so that the processed value of the reflection coefficient approximates to the design value of the reflection coefficient; and selecting the reflection coefficient processing value with the smallest difference from the single sampling value from all the reflection coefficient processing values for each sampling value in the normalization sequence, and arranging the reflection coefficient processing values corresponding to each sampling value according to the sequence of the sampling values to obtain a reflection coefficient processing value sequence.
Further preferably, the impedance network comprises a power divider/combiner and two single-pole four-throw radio frequency switches, and four ports of each single-pole four-throw radio frequency switch are connected with different load impedances and correspond to different impedance states;
Each radio frequency switch provides S impedance states, the power divider/combiner combines the impedance states of the two radio frequency switches, the impedance network provides S 2 impedance states, each impedance state corresponds to 1 reflection coefficient, and the impedance network provides S 2 reflection coefficients.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a multi-carrier back-scattering communication system, comprising the back-scattering communication device provided in the second aspect of the present invention, a base station for transmitting an excitation signal, and a receiver having multi-carrier demodulation capability.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
1. The invention provides a multi-carrier back scattering communication method, which realizes multi-carrier modulation on a back scattering label, greatly improves the link capacity and simultaneously improves the capability of resisting frequency selective fading;
2. the back scattering signal scattered by the back scattering label is a multi-carrier signal, can be directly received by the existing commercial equipment, does not need to additionally arrange special equipment as a receiver, and reduces the arrangement cost of a back scattering system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a multi-carrier back-scattering communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a backscatter tag according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an impedance network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a back-scattering communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of corresponding frequency spectrum of a back-scattering communication method according to the present invention at different operating frequencies;
Fig. 6 shows bit error rates corresponding to different communication distances by adopting the back scattering communication method provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not interfere with each other.
The invention provides a multi-carrier back scattering communication method, which is applied to a back scattering label and comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out signal processing on original data to obtain a normalized sequence with variance of 1;
s2, fitting a normalized sequence after signal processing by using the actual measurement value of the reflection coefficient;
s3, controlling impedance network switching according to a reflection coefficient sequence obtained by signal fitting;
S4, scattering the excitation signal sent by the base station through an antenna connected with the impedance network to generate a multi-carrier back scattering signal.
Examples
The embodiment of the invention provides a multi-carrier back scattering communication method, which is applied to a back scattering label as shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
backscatter tags (workflow shown in fig. 2):
The backscatter tag performs signal processing on the original data;
specifically, the signal processing includes the steps of:
(1) Performing quadrature phase shift coding (Binary PHASE SHIFT KEYING, BPSK) constellation mapping on the original data, distributing a mapping result to N d subcarriers corresponding to the multi-carrier symbol, supplementing N 0 subcarriers with values of 0 after subcarrier sequences, increasing the total number of the subcarriers to N d+N0, performing inverse discrete Fourier transform (INVERSE DISCRETE Fourier Transform, IDFT) according to the values of the subcarriers, and realizing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM) modulation;
(2) Multiplying each sampling value in the OFDM modulated signal sequence by A normalized sequence is obtained, where n=n d+N0 is the total number of subcarriers and N d is the number of subcarriers carrying data.
Fitting the result of the signal processing with optional reflection coefficients;
Specifically, the signal fitting steps are:
(1) Applying phase shift, amplitude scaling and uniform amplitude shift to the actual reflection coefficient measured value of the impedance network of the back scattering label, so that the processed reflection coefficient processed value approximates to the reflection coefficient design value;
(2) For each sample value in the normalized sequence, a reflection coefficient processing value having the smallest difference from the single sample value is selected among all reflection coefficient processing values. Repeating the steps for sampling values in all normalization sequences, and arranging the reflection coefficient processing values corresponding to each sampling value according to the sequence of the sampling values to obtain a reflection coefficient processing value sequence.
Controlling impedance network switching according to the reflection coefficient sequence obtained by signal fitting;
Specifically, the structure of the impedance network is composed of a power divider/combiner and two single pole four throw (SP 4T) radio frequency switches, as shown in fig. 3. The antenna port is connected with the total port of the power divider/combiner, the branch port of the power divider/combiner is connected with the radio frequency switch, and four ports of each radio frequency switch are connected with different load impedances and correspond to different impedance states. Considering that an impedance state may be provided when the rf switches are not operating, each rf switch may provide up to 5 impedance states, and the power divider/combiner combines the impedance states of two rf switches, so the impedance network may provide 25 impedance states. Each impedance state corresponds to 1 reflection coefficient, and the impedance network may provide 25 reflection coefficients.
Specifically, the impedance network is switched to sequentially obtain single reflection coefficient processing values according to a reflection coefficient processing value sequence obtained by signal fitting, corresponding reflection coefficient actual measurement values are determined, and two radio frequency switches in the impedance network are controlled to be switched to corresponding impedance states.
Performing back scattering processing on the excitation signal sent by the base station to generate an OFDM back scattering signal;
the invention also provides a multi-carrier back scattering communication device, which comprises a signal processing module, a decision judging module and a scattering radio frequency module, as shown in figure 4;
the signal processing module is used for performing signal processing on the original data and fitting the result of the signal processing by utilizing the optional reflection coefficient;
the decision judging module is used for selecting an impedance network switching strategy according to the signal processing result;
and the scattering radio frequency module is used for carrying out back scattering processing on the excitation signal sent by the base station according to the switching strategy of the impedance network to generate a multi-carrier back scattering signal.
The invention also provides a multi-carrier back-scattering communication system, which comprises the back-scattering communication device provided by the second aspect of the invention, a base station for transmitting an excitation signal and a receiver with multi-carrier demodulation capability.
Experiment one: switching frequency experiment of impedance network; the base station transmits a sine wave with the frequency of 2.4GHz as an excitation signal, the transmission power is 20dBm, and the adopted horn antenna gain is 9dBi. The antenna gain of the backscatter tag is 3dBi. When no null sub-carrier is added, each OFDM symbol of the backscatter tag has 64 sub-carriers, where 52 sub-carriers carry data, and the frequency of impedance network switching is set to 20MHz, so the corresponding bandwidth is also 20MHz. The Cyclic Prefix (CP) has a length of one quarter of the length of the multicarrier symbol. Thus, the data transmission rate can be calculated as 20×52/64×4/5=13 Mbps. The number of null sub-carriers in the back scattering label is set to 0, 64 and 196 respectively, in order to keep the signal bandwidth to be 20MHz, the frequency of impedance network switching is correspondingly set to 20, 40 and 80MHz, and the receiver receives the back scattering signal by adopting an antenna with the gain of 3dBi and calculates the error rate. When the distance between the base station and the tag is 1m and the distances between the tag and the receiver are respectively set to 2, 3,4 and 5m, the error rate corresponding to the back scattering signal is shown in fig. 5. It can be seen that increasing the switching frequency to 40MHz is beneficial to reducing the bit error rate by adding zero value subcarriers, but the bit error rate change corresponding to continuing to increase to 80MHz is not obvious.
Experiment II: a communication distance experiment; the number of null sub-carriers in the back scattering label is set to 64, the frequency of impedance network switching is set to 40MHz, and the receiver receives OFDM back scattering signals and calculates the error rate. The distance (d 1) between the base station and the tag is set to be 1m and 2m respectively, the distance between the tag and the receiver is changed, and the rest parameter configuration is the same as that of the experiment one. The corresponding bit error rate of the backscattered signal is shown in fig. 6.
In summary, the present invention provides a method, an apparatus, and a system for multicarrier backscatter communication, which implement multicarrier modulation on a backscatter tag, greatly improve link capacity, improve capability of resisting frequency selective fading, and simultaneously can use a commercial receiver for demodulation, thereby reducing overhead of system arrangement.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of multicarrier backscatter communication, the method being applied to a backscatter tag, comprising the steps of:
s1, carrying out signal processing on original data to obtain a normalized sequence with variance of 1;
S2, fitting a normalized sequence after signal processing by using the actual measurement value of the reflection coefficient; the method comprises the following steps:
applying phase shift, amplitude scaling and amplitude shift to the actual measured value of the reflection coefficient of the impedance network of the back scattering label, so that the processed value of the reflection coefficient approximates to the design value of the reflection coefficient;
for each sampling value in the normalization sequence, selecting a reflection coefficient processing value with the smallest difference from a single sampling value from all reflection coefficient processing values, and arranging the reflection coefficient processing values corresponding to each sampling value according to the sequence of the sampling values to obtain a reflection coefficient processing value sequence;
S3, controlling impedance network switching according to a reflection coefficient processing value sequence obtained by signal fitting; the method comprises the following steps: according to the reflection coefficient processing value sequence obtained by signal fitting, sequentially taking single reflection coefficient processing values, determining corresponding reflection coefficient actual measurement values, and controlling two radio frequency switches in an impedance network to be switched to corresponding impedance states;
S4, scattering the excitation signal sent by the base station through an antenna connected with the impedance network, and generating a multi-carrier back scattering signal.
2. The multi-carrier backscatter communication method of claim 1, wherein S1 comprises the steps of:
Constellation mapping is carried out on the original data, mapping results are distributed to corresponding subcarriers, subcarriers with values of 0 are supplemented, and multicarrier modulation is carried out according to the values of the subcarriers;
And dividing each sampling value in the signal sequence obtained by multicarrier modulation by the standard deviation of the sequence obtained by statistics to obtain a normalized sequence with variance of 1.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the switching of the impedance network in S3 is performed by switching different impedance states by a radio frequency switch.
4. A multi-carrier backscatter communications method of claim 3 wherein the impedance network comprises two radio frequency switches, each radio frequency switch providing S impedance states, the impedance network providingA seed impedance state; each impedance state corresponds to 1 reflection coefficient, the impedance network providesAnd a reflection coefficient.
5. The multi-carrier back scattering communication device is characterized by comprising a signal processing module, a decision judging module and a scattering radio frequency module:
the signal processing module is used for carrying out signal processing on the original data to obtain a normalized sequence with variance of 1, and fitting the normalized sequence after the signal processing by utilizing the actual measurement value of the reflection coefficient; the method comprises the following steps: applying phase shift, amplitude scaling and amplitude shift to the actual measured value of the reflection coefficient of the impedance network of the back scattering label, so that the processed value of the reflection coefficient approximates to the design value of the reflection coefficient; for each sampling value in the normalization sequence, selecting a reflection coefficient processing value with the smallest difference from a single sampling value from all reflection coefficient processing values, and arranging the reflection coefficient processing values corresponding to each sampling value according to the sequence of the sampling values to obtain a reflection coefficient processing value sequence;
The decision judging module is used for controlling impedance network switching according to the reflection coefficient processing value sequence obtained by signal fitting; the method comprises the following steps: according to the reflection coefficient processing value sequence obtained by signal fitting, sequentially taking single reflection coefficient processing values, determining corresponding reflection coefficient actual measurement values, and controlling two radio frequency switches in an impedance network to be switched to corresponding impedance states;
The scattering radio frequency module is used for scattering the excitation signal sent by the base station through an antenna connected with the impedance network to generate a multi-carrier back scattering signal.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the signal processing module performs constellation mapping on the original data, distributes the mapping result to the corresponding subcarriers, supplements subcarriers with a value of 0, and performs multicarrier modulation according to the value of the subcarriers; and dividing each sampling value in the signal sequence obtained by multicarrier modulation by the standard deviation of the sequence obtained by statistics to obtain a normalized sequence with variance of 1.
7. The multi-carrier backscatter communications device of claim 5, wherein the impedance network comprises a power divider/combiner and two single pole four throw radio frequency switches, each single pole four throw radio frequency switch having four ports connected to different load impedances corresponding to different impedance states;
Each radio frequency switch provides S impedance states, and the power divider/combiner combines the impedance states of the two radio frequency switches, the impedance network providing Impedance states, each corresponding to 1 reflection coefficient, the impedance network providingAnd a reflection coefficient.
8. A multi-carrier back-scatter communication system comprising a back-scatter communication device according to any of the claims 5-7, a base station transmitting an excitation signal and a receiver with multi-carrier demodulation capability.
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| PCT/CN2023/096507 WO2024087608A1 (en) | 2022-10-27 | 2023-05-26 | Multi-carrier backscatter communication method, apparatus and system |
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| CN114024619A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-02-08 | 华中科技大学 | Back scattering communication method, device and system based on pulse interval modulation |
| CN114142816A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-04 | 上海坤锐电子科技有限公司 | Reflection amplifying circuit, device and method and electronic tag |
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| CN104735017B (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2018-04-13 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of non-orthogonal multi-carrier digital modulation and demodulation method and device |
| CN108496094B (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2023-04-28 | 华盛顿大学 | Backscattering device incorporating an instance of single sideband operation |
| US11070414B2 (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2021-07-20 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Communication node and method for generating multicarrier signals by backscattering |
| CN111683031B (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2021-08-20 | 上海交通大学 | Method and system for controlling backscattering circuit based on multi-subcarrier modulation |
| US11722347B2 (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2023-08-08 | University Of Washington | Backscatter devices and systems having digital architectures for OFDM backscatter |
| CN115834319B (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2024-07-26 | 华中科技大学 | Multi-carrier back scattering communication method, device and system |
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| CN114024619A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-02-08 | 华中科技大学 | Back scattering communication method, device and system based on pulse interval modulation |
| CN114142816A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-04 | 上海坤锐电子科技有限公司 | Reflection amplifying circuit, device and method and electronic tag |
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