CN115829046B - Quantum signal determination method and related device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application discloses a quantum signal determination method and a related device, and relates to the technical field of quantum computing, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring an in-situ signal to be detected; performing signal generation processing on the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation between the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected to obtain a target equivalent signal; wherein the equivalent signal is generated by a quantum generation circuit; and deriving the parameters of the target equivalent signal in time to obtain a time-varying original position signal. The equivalent signal similar to the in-situ signal to be detected is generated through the quantum generation circuit, the time is further derived from the parameters of the target equivalent signal, so that the time-varying in-situ signal can be obtained, the signal is measured without an interferometry, the complexity of measuring the equivalent signal of the quantum equipment is reduced, the noise resistance is improved, and the accuracy and precision of measuring the signal are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of quantum computing technology, and in particular, to a quantum signal measurement method, a signal measurement device, a computing device, a quantum device, and a computer-readable storage medium.
Background
Quantum calculation is a novel calculation mode hopeful to break through moore's law, however, the existing quantum equipment has the problems of large noise, low fidelity and the like, so that the existing quantum equipment cannot be practically applied at present.
Meanwhile, how to reduce the complexity of the equivalent signal measurement of the quantum equipment and improve the noise immunity is a key problem of the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the application is to provide a quantum signal measuring method, a signal measuring device, a computing device, quantum equipment and a computer readable storage medium, so as to reduce complexity of quantum equipment equivalent signal measurement and improve noise resistance.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a quantum signal measurement method, including:
acquiring an in-situ signal to be detected;
performing signal generation processing on a quantum generation circuit based on the deviation between the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected to obtain a target equivalent signal; wherein the equivalent signal is generated by the quantum generation circuit;
and deriving the parameters of the target equivalent signal in time to obtain a time-varying in-situ signal.
Optionally, performing signal generation processing on the quantum generation circuit based on a deviation between a quantum state of the equivalent signal and a quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected to obtain a target equivalent signal, including:
Generating the equivalent signal through the quantum generation circuit;
adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation between the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected to obtain a target quantum generation circuit;
and generating the target equivalent signal through the target quantum generation circuit.
Optionally, adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on a deviation between the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be measured to obtain a target quantum generation circuit, including:
processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through a deviation comparison circuit to obtain deviation data;
and adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation data to obtain a target quantum generation circuit.
Optionally, the processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through a deviation comparison circuit to obtain deviation data includes:
and processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through a SWAP test quantum circuit to obtain deviation data.
Optionally, adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation data to obtain a target quantum generation circuit, including:
And adjusting the quantum generation circuit by adopting the deviation data through back propagation to obtain a target quantum generation circuit.
Optionally, performing signal generation processing on the quantum generation circuit based on a deviation between a quantum state of the equivalent signal and a quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected to obtain a target equivalent signal, including:
generating the equivalent signal through the quantum generation circuit;
processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through a deviation comparison circuit to obtain deviation data;
adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation data, and generating a new equivalent signal through the adjusted quantum generation circuit;
judging whether a termination condition is reached or not based on the adjusted quantum generation circuit;
if yes, the new equivalent signal is used as the target equivalent signal;
if not, the quantum generation circuit is adjusted based on deviation data between the quantum state of the new equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected until a termination condition is reached, and the target equivalent signal is output.
Optionally, the processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through a deviation comparison circuit to obtain deviation data includes:
And processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through a SWAP test quantum circuit to obtain deviation data.
Optionally, determining whether the termination condition is reached based on the adjusted quantum generating circuit includes:
and judging whether the deviation data is smaller than a preset value.
Optionally, adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation data includes:
and adjusting the quantum generation circuit in a back propagation mode based on the deviation data.
Optionally, determining whether the termination condition is reached based on the adjusted quantum generating circuit includes:
it is determined whether the counter-propagating gradient value is less than a gradient threshold.
Optionally, deriving the parameter of the target equivalent signal by time to obtain a time-varying in-situ signal, including:
obtaining a plurality of parameters from the quantum generation circuit;
and deriving each parameter by time to obtain the time-varying in-situ signal.
Optionally, obtaining a plurality of parameters from the quantum generation circuit includes:
each parameter in the shallow quantum wire is acquired.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
each of the parameters obtained is stored in a classical computer.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
the quantum generation circuit is initialized based on the configured parameters.
Optionally, initializing the quantum generation circuit based on the configured parameters includes:
and initializing based on the preset number of the quantum bits to obtain the quantum generation circuit.
Optionally, a process of constructing the quantum generation circuit includes:
decomposing any multi-bit Hamiltonian quantity to obtain a decomposition result;
and constructing the quantum generation circuit based on the decomposition result.
Optionally, decomposing any multi-bit hamiltonian to obtain a decomposition result, including:
and decomposing the random multi-bit Hamiltonian amount based on the evolution operation of the quantum state to obtain a decomposition result.
The present application also provides a quantum signal measurement device, comprising:
the signal acquisition module to be measured is used for acquiring an in-situ signal to be measured;
the equivalent signal generation module is used for carrying out signal generation processing on the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation between the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected to obtain a target equivalent signal; wherein the equivalent signal is generated by the quantum generation circuit;
and the signal conversion module is used for deriving the parameters of the target equivalent signal in time to obtain a time-varying in-situ signal.
The present application also provides a computing device comprising:
a memory for storing a computer program;
a processor for implementing the steps of the quantum signal measurement method as described above when executing the computer program.
The present application also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor implements the steps of the quantum signal measurement method as described above.
The quantum signal determination method provided by the application comprises the following steps: acquiring an in-situ signal to be detected; performing signal generation processing on a quantum generation circuit based on the deviation between the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected to obtain a target equivalent signal; wherein the equivalent signal is generated by the quantum generation circuit; and deriving the parameters of the target equivalent signal in time to obtain a time-varying in-situ signal.
The method has the advantages that the equivalent signal similar to the in-situ signal to be measured is generated through the quantum generation circuit, the time-varying in-situ signal can be obtained by further deriving the parameters of the target equivalent signal in time, the signal is not measured by an interferometry, the complexity of measuring the equivalent signal of the quantum equipment is reduced, the noise resistance is improved, and the accuracy and precision of measuring the signal are improved.
The application further provides a quantum signal measurement device, a computing device, a quantum device and a computer readable storage medium, which have the above beneficial effects and are not described herein.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a quantum signal measurement method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a quantum circuit diagram of a quantum signal measurement method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gate circuit of a quantum signal measurement method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a deviation circuit of a quantum signal measurement method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of another method for quantum signal measurement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a quantum signal measurement device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a computing device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The core of the application is to provide a quantum signal measuring method, a signal measuring device, a computing device, quantum equipment and a computer readable storage medium, so as to reduce the complexity of measuring equivalent signals of the quantum equipment and improve the noise resistance.
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
The application provides a quantum signal determination method, which is characterized in that an equivalent signal similar to an in-situ signal to be detected is generated through a quantum generation circuit, and the time-varying in-situ signal can be obtained by further deriving the parameters of the target equivalent signal in time, so that the signal is determined without an interferometry, the complexity of quantum equipment equivalent signal determination is reduced, the noise resistance is improved, and the accuracy and precision of signal determination are improved.
A method for measuring a quantum signal provided in the present application will be described below by way of an example.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a quantum signal measurement method according to an embodiment of the present application.
In this embodiment, the method may include:
s101, acquiring an in-situ signal to be detected;
the step aims at acquiring an in-situ signal to be measured.
The Quantum device may be, among other things, NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum, recently medium-Scale noisy Quantum hardware). In general, a direct current or alternating current control signal in a low temperature environment is distorted when it passes along a control line. However, the distorted signal cannot be read directly by the measuring device, which in turn leads to an inability to directly adjust the internal signal to reduce errors. Thus, the in-situ signal is determined by the equivalent signal in this application.
Further, the embodiment may further include:
the quantum generation circuit is initialized based on the configured parameters.
It can be seen that the quantum generation circuit can be obtained by initializing configured parameters mainly in the present alternative scheme. The configured parameters may be parameters in a circuit, or may be the number of qubits, or may be parameters and the number of qubits. Through the initialized quantum generation circuit in the alternative scheme, the effect and usability of the quantum generation circuit are improved.
Further, the above alternative may further include:
and initializing based on the preset number of the quantum bits to obtain a quantum generation circuit.
It can be seen that the specific description in this alternative is based on initializing the preset number of qubits, and the quantum generation circuit is obtained. And initializing through the preset number of the quantum bits, so that the usability of the quantum generation circuit is further improved.
Further, the process of constructing the quantum generation circuit in this embodiment may include:
and 2, constructing a quantum generation circuit based on the decomposition result.
It can be seen that this alternative is mainly illustrative of how the quantum generation circuit is constructed. In the alternative scheme, decomposing any multi-bit Hamiltonian amount to obtain a decomposition result; and constructing a quantum generation circuit based on the decomposition result. That is, any multi-bit hamiltonian is decomposed, and a quantum generation line is constructed based on the result of the decomposition. Wherein the decomposition may be a Trotter decomposition. Furthermore, the original complex Hamiltonian quantity is converted into a plurality of second-order terms through Trotter decomposition, and a shallow quantum line S-VQC (Variational Quantum Circuit, variable component sub-line) which can be executed on a recent medium-scale noisy quantum hardware device is designed based on the characteristics of the second-order terms. In the prior art, any complex multi-bit Hamiltonian quantity cannot be effectively processed, and the accuracy of signal measurement is reduced. Therefore, in order to analyze any more complex multi-bit Hamiltonian, the Hamiltonian is disassembled into a plurality of second order terms by adopting a decomposition method, so that effective analysis of any more complex multi-bit Hamiltonian is realized, a quantum generation circuit is constructed based on a decomposed result, a complex problem is disassembled into a plurality of sub-terms which can be processed, and the effect of processing the complex Hamiltonian is improved.
Further, in the above alternative, decomposing any multi-bit hamiltonian to obtain a decomposition result, including:
and decomposing any multi-bit Hamiltonian amount based on the evolution operation of the quantum state to obtain a decomposition result.
It can be seen that this alternative is mainly illustrative of how the decomposition can be performed. In the alternative scheme, any multi-bit Hamiltonian amount is decomposed based on the evolution operation of the quantum state, and a decomposition result is obtained.
Wherein, any multi-bit hamiltonian can be split into a hamiltonian with only single and double bit interactions, therefore, from any multi-bit hamiltonian, the need to simulate the hamiltonian H (t) requires to provide single bit gate and double bit entangled gate operations. And integrating any multi-bit Hamiltonian quantity and quantum state evolution operation, and carrying out Trotter decomposition on quantum state evolution.
S102, performing signal generation processing on a quantum generation circuit based on deviation between a quantum state of an equivalent signal and a quantum state of an in-situ signal to be detected to obtain a target equivalent signal; wherein the equivalent signal is generated by a quantum generation circuit;
on the basis of S101, the step aims at carrying out signal generation processing on a quantum generation circuit based on the deviation between the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected, so as to obtain a target equivalent signal; wherein the equivalent signal is generated by a quantum generation circuit. That is, the deviation between the equivalent signal generated by the existing quantum generating circuit and the in-situ signal to be measured is used, and the quantum generating circuit is adjusted based on the deviation, so that the equivalent signal generated by the quantum generating circuit is continuously fitted with the in-situ signal to be measured, and finally the target equivalent signal is obtained.
Further, the step may include:
step 2, adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation between the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected to obtain a target quantum generation circuit;
and step 3, generating a target equivalent signal through a target quantum generation circuit.
It can be seen that this alternative is mainly illustrative of how the final target equivalent signal is obtained. In the alternative scheme, an equivalent signal is generated through a quantum generation circuit; adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation between the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected to obtain a target quantum generation circuit; and generating a target equivalent signal through the target quantum generation circuit. And adjusting the quantum generation circuit through the deviation, so as to obtain a final target quantum generation circuit.
Further, step 2 in the above alternative may include:
step 210, processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through a deviation comparison circuit to obtain deviation data;
and 220, adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation data to obtain a target quantum generation circuit.
It can be seen that this alternative is mainly illustrative of how the adjustment is made. In the alternative scheme, the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected are processed through a deviation comparison circuit to obtain deviation data; and adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation data to obtain a target quantum generation circuit. The effect and accuracy of deviation comparison are improved through the deviation comparison circuit.
Further, step 210 in the previous alternative may include:
and processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through a SWAP test quantum circuit to obtain deviation data.
Therefore, in the alternative scheme, the deviation data is obtained mainly by processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through the SWAP test quantum circuit. Among them, SWAP test is a special form of basic quantum wire. Any two quantum states with the same dimension can obtain the fidelity of the two quantum states through a SWAP Test line, and the overlapping condition of the two quantum states is reflected.
Further, step 220 in the previous alternative may include:
and adjusting the quantum generation circuit by adopting deviation data through back propagation to obtain a target quantum generation circuit.
Therefore, in the alternative scheme, the deviation data is mainly adopted to adjust the quantum generation circuit through back propagation, so that the target quantum generation circuit is obtained. Further, parameters in the quantum generation circuit are adjusted through back propagation by adopting deviation data, and the target quantum generation circuit is obtained. And the quantum generation circuit is adjusted in a counter-propagation mode, so that the accuracy of adjusting parameters in the circuit is improved.
S103, deriving the parameters of the target equivalent signal in time to obtain a time-varying in-situ signal.
On the basis of S102, this step aims at deriving the parameters of the target equivalent signal in time, and obtaining a time-varying in-situ signal. The target equivalent signal is basically identical with the in-situ signal to be detected, so that parameters can be directly obtained from a quantum generation circuit for generating the target equivalent signal, and the time-varying in-situ signal can be obtained by derivation. Instead of measuring by a complicated means, the complexity of the measurement is reduced and the accuracy is improved.
Obviously, the embodiment realizes the measurement of the time-varying in-situ signal, can simulate any complex in-situ signal, and overcomes the major defects of the mainstream algorithm. And due to the fact that a shallow variable component sub-line is introduced, the method is insensitive to measurement noise in principle due to the robustness of machine learning.
Further, the step may include:
and 2, deriving each parameter by time to obtain a time-varying in-situ signal.
It can be seen that this alternative is mainly illustrative of how the derivation is performed. In this alternative, a plurality of parameters are acquired from the quantum generation circuit; and deriving each parameter by time to obtain a time-varying in-situ signal. The parameter is a parameter of each qubit in the line, and can reflect the hamiltonian of the in-situ signal.
Further, step 1 in the above alternative may include:
each parameter in the shallow quantum wire is acquired.
It can be seen that each parameter in the shallow quantum wire is acquired in this alternative.
Further, the embodiment may further include:
each parameter obtained is stored in a classical computer.
It can be seen that in this alternative, each acquired parameter may be stored in a classical computer, so that no additional calculation and measurement operations are required to be introduced, and the complexity is reduced.
In summary, the embodiment generates the equivalent signal similar to the in-situ signal to be measured through the quantum generation circuit, further derives the parameter of the target equivalent signal by time, and then the time-varying in-situ signal can be obtained without measuring the signal by an interferometry, thereby reducing the complexity of measuring the equivalent signal of the quantum equipment, improving the noise resistance and improving the accuracy and precision of measuring the signal.
The method for obtaining an equivalent signal in the method for measuring a quantum signal provided in the present application is further described below by way of another specific embodiment.
In this embodiment, the method may include:
s201, generating an equivalent signal through a quantum generation circuit;
this step aims at generating an equivalent signal through the quantum generation circuit.
The equivalent signal may be an equivalent signal obtained after the quantum generation circuit is initialized. The equivalent signal generated after the quantum generation circuit is continuously adjusted can also be generated.
S202, processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through a deviation comparison circuit to obtain deviation data;
on the basis of S201, the step aims to process the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through a deviation comparison circuit to obtain deviation data.
The deviation calculation method may be performed by a deviation comparison line, or may be performed by a SWAP test quantum line, or may be performed by any deviation calculation method provided in the prior art, which is not specifically limited herein.
Further, the step may include:
and processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through the SWAP test quantum circuit to obtain deviation data.
Therefore, in the alternative scheme, the deviation data is obtained mainly by processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through the SWAP test quantum circuit. Among them, SWAP test is a special form of basic quantum wire. Any two quantum states with the same dimension can obtain the fidelity of the two quantum states through a SWAP Test line, and the overlapping condition of the two quantum states is reflected.
S203, adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation data, and generating a new equivalent signal through the adjusted quantum generation circuit;
on the basis of S202, this step aims at adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation data, and generating a new equivalent signal through the adjusted quantum generation circuit.
S204, judging whether a termination condition is reached or not based on the adjusted quantum generation circuit;
on the basis of S203, this step aims to determine whether a termination condition is reached based on the adjusted quantum generation wiring.
The termination condition may be a termination condition set based on experience, or may be a termination condition that determines whether the deviation is smaller than a preset value, or may be a termination condition that determines whether the gradient value is smaller than a gradient threshold value.
Further, the step may include:
and judging whether the deviation data is smaller than a preset value.
It can be seen that the deviation data is taken as termination condition in this alternative. The preset value may be an empirically set value, a value determined based on a historical value, or a value determined based on both an experience and a historical value.
Further, adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation data in S203 may include:
adjusting quantum generation circuit by adopting counter propagation mode based on deviation data
Accordingly, S203 may include:
it is determined whether the counter-propagating gradient value is less than a gradient threshold.
It can be seen that the gradient values are taken as termination conditions in this alternative. The gradient threshold may be an empirically set value, a value determined based on a historical value, or a value determined based on both an empirical and a historical value.
S205, if yes, taking the new equivalent signal as a target equivalent signal;
on the basis of S204, this step aims at taking the new equivalent signal as the target equivalent signal. That is, a signal fitting to the in-situ signal to be measured is obtained and output.
S206, if not, adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on deviation data between the quantum state of the new equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected until reaching a termination condition, and outputting a target equivalent signal.
Based on S204, this step aims to adjust the quantum generation circuit based on deviation data between the quantum state of the new equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be measured, until a termination condition is reached, and output the target equivalent signal.
That is, when the termination condition is not met, the equivalent signal is generated through the adjusted quantum generation circuit; processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through a deviation comparison circuit to obtain deviation data; and adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation data, judging whether the termination condition is met, and if so, exiting the circulation to obtain a target equivalent signal. If the termination condition is not met, continuing to adjust and calculate.
Therefore, the embodiment generates the equivalent signal similar to the in-situ signal to be detected through the quantum generation circuit, further derives the parameter of the target equivalent signal by time, and can obtain the time-varying in-situ signal without measuring the signal by an interferometry, thereby reducing the complexity of measuring the equivalent signal of the quantum equipment, improving the noise resistance and improving the accuracy and precision of measuring the signal.
A method for measuring a quantum signal provided in the present application is further described below by way of another specific example.
In this embodiment, the principle of signal measurement is first based on the Ramsey interferometry.
For quantum computing, the essence is equivalent to performing an evolution operation on a quantum state, as shown in the following formula:
wherein, ψ (0) is an initial quantum state, ψ (T) is a quantum state after evolving by time T, e is a base of natural logarithm (2.71828 …), i is an imaginary part, T is time, T is total time of evolution, and H is hamiltonian.
When H is a simple hamiltonian, it can be developed into a standard form of a bery matrix, as shown in the following formula:
where k ε { x, y, z } is an axis in the three-dimensional coordinate system, u (t) is the time-varying in-situ signal to be measured,
is a standard brix matrix.
Substituting the above into evolution operation includes
Wherein θ is the original quantum bit edge
Is provided. When k is x, θ can be measured by +.>
Is shown by the following formula:
thus, if Ramsey interferometry is used to find the time-varying in-situ signal u (t) to be measured, the following formula can be used:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the "·" presented above is the operand deriving y (t).
However, the requirements for H (t) are severe here, and when H (t) is any complex hamiltonian, the following formula is shown:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
to eliminate->
And v (t) is a partial signal of the time-varying in-situ signal to be measured.
H (t) at this time cannot be calculated by Ramsey interferometry.
Then, a shallow quantum circuit S-VQC is constructed.
Therefore, the Ramsey method cannot be directly adopted, but the effect of the Hamiltonian amount of the signal is simulated by using the S-VQC of the shallow quantum circuit in the embodiment so as to obtain an equivalent circuit, and the specific method is as follows.
Any multi-bit hamiltonian can be split into a hamiltonian with only single and double bit interactions, and starting from the formula of the formula H (t), the need to simulate the hamiltonian H (t) requires to provide single bit gate and double bit entangled gate operations. Combining the formula H (t) and the formula evolution operation, the quantum state evolution can be decomposed by a Trotter, and the following formula is shown:
the formula has four terms, wherein the first three terms are single-bit standard Paulownian matrix transformation, the last term is a two-bit interaction term, T is time, T is total evolution time, N is evolution times, n=t/T, ψ (T) is a quantum state after the evolution of time T, i is an imaginary part, k epsilon { x, y, z } is an axis in a three-dimensional coordinate system, and l=1 is the evolution times starting from 1.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a quantum circuit diagram of a quantum signal measurement method according to an embodiment of the present application.
In fig. 2, ψ is a quantum state corresponding to a quantum wire, q1, q2, and q3 … are quantum bits, and n quantum bits are total.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic gate line diagram of a quantum signal measurement method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Wherein U1, U2, U3 … and U 1-2 、U 2-3 Details of the same are shown in FIG. 3, R z 、R y Are all quantum energy operation, R z （θ i ) Representing rotation θ along the z-axis i Is a function of the angle of (a). Thus, in FIG. 3
、/>
、/>
、/>
、/>
The sign in brackets is the angle of rotation, R z Refers to rotation along the z-axis, R y Refers to rotation along the y-axis. Thus U i Any single-bit gate, namely standard Paulownia matrix transformation corresponding to single bit can be realized; u (U) i-（i+1） Any two-bit gate can be implemented, corresponding to a two-bit interaction term. Wherein the single-bit gate has three adjustable parameters of theta, phi and omega, the double-bit gate has 4 x 3+3 = 15 adjustable parameters, and the single-bit gate U i In principle it can be matched to U in a two-bit gate i1 Merging to further reduce the parameters.
U is set to i-（i+1） The staggered form is designed to facilitate quantum parallelism. In U i-（i+1） Followed by one U i-（i+1） ' in order to take into account that U can be optimized when the in-situ signal does not contain two-bit interactions i-（i+1） And U i-（i+1） ' cancel each other out. If not introduce this U i-（i+1） ’，U i-（i+1） Is difficult to self-eliminate in an optimized manner.
And finally, obtaining the deviation between the equivalent signal and the actual in-situ signal through SWAP test.
The shallow quantum wire S-VQC of fig. 2 can simulate any in-situ signal, however the simulation requires adjustment of parameters to achieve. Specifically, by analyzing the deviation between the equivalent signal and the actual in-situ signal, the deviation is used for deflecting the parameter to obtain the gradient of the parameter, and the parameter is reversely propagated to modify the parameter, when the convergence condition is reached (generally, the deviation between the equivalent signal and the actual in-situ signal is smaller than the set value), the equivalent signal can be considered to be obtained.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a deviation circuit of a quantum signal measurement method according to an embodiment of the present application.
The deviation of the equivalent signal and the actual in-situ signal is realized by a SWAP test, and a SWAP test quantum circuit is shown in fig. 4.
Wherein, 0> is an auxiliary qubit, H is a Hadamard gate, SWAP is a control switch gate C-SWAP, and M is a measurement operation. Phi is the quantum state generated by the in-situ signal, and phi is the quantum state generated by the equivalent signal.
The probability of the state of 0 is obtained after auxiliary bits are measured by SWAP test for a plurality of times, the similarity of phi and phi can be obtained, and parameters in the S-VQC of the shallow quantum line for realizing the phi can be adjusted through back propagation.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a flowchart of another quantum signal measurement method according to an embodiment of the present application.
The embodiment provides an equivalent quantum signal measurement method applied to quantum equipment, the flow is shown in fig. 5, and the specific implementation manner is as follows:
s1: the shallow quantum circuit S-VQC is initialized according to the known number of qubits.
S2: and (3) transmitting the quantum state phi generated by the S-VQC and the quantum state phi generated by the in-situ signal to be detected into SWAP test, and calculating deviation.
S3: based on the bias, the back-propagation adjusts the parameters in the S-VQC.
S4: judging whether the termination condition is reached, wherein the termination condition can be that the gradient is smaller than a specified value epsilon, and returning to S2 if the termination condition is not reached.
S5: each parameter in the S-VQC line is acquired, at which point the parameter should still be stored in the classical computer, thus no additional calculation and measurement operations need to be introduced.
S6: and deriving time from each parameter to obtain all time-varying original signals at one time.
It can be seen that this embodiment provides a method for simulating an equivalent signal by using a specific shallow adjustable quantum circuit, so as to implement measurement of a time-varying in-situ signal. The method can simulate any complex in-situ signal, and overcomes the major defects of the mainstream algorithm. And due to the fact that a shallow variable component sub-line is introduced, the method is insensitive to measurement noise in principle due to the robustness of machine learning. Thus, there is a significant advance in the art of this embodiment.
In addition, the method only needs to measure one auxiliary bit in SWAP test in the whole course, and the efficiency is far higher than that of the existing method. Although the algorithm complexity after introducing back propagation cannot be obtained directly from theory, it is advantageous over other methods in the NISQ stage according to its shallow line characteristics.
The embodiment starts from the principle, and designs a circuit conforming to the quantum physical rule to acquire an equivalent signal, and the circuit is subjected to approximation of Trotter decomposition and optimization of a gate circuit, so that the circuit has the characteristics of simplicity, accuracy and strong expression capability.
In summary, the embodiment provides a simple, efficient and high-expression-capability time-varying in-situ signal acquisition technology, which is expected to be rapidly applied in the NISQ stage.
Therefore, the embodiment generates the equivalent signal similar to the in-situ signal to be detected through the quantum generation circuit, further derives the parameter of the target equivalent signal by time, and can obtain the time-varying in-situ signal without measuring the signal by an interferometry, thereby reducing the complexity of measuring the equivalent signal of the quantum equipment, improving the noise resistance and improving the accuracy and precision of measuring the signal.
The quantum signal measuring device provided in the embodiments of the present application will be described below, and the quantum signal measuring device described below and the quantum signal measuring method described above may be referred to correspondingly.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a quantum signal measurement device according to an embodiment of the present application.
In this embodiment, the apparatus may include:
the signal to be detected acquisition module 100 is used for acquiring an in-situ signal to be detected;
the equivalent signal generation module 200 is configured to perform signal generation processing on the quantum generation circuit based on a deviation between a quantum state of the equivalent signal and a quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected, so as to obtain a target equivalent signal; wherein the equivalent signal is generated by a quantum generation circuit;
the signal transformation module 300 is configured to derive a time-varying in-situ signal from a parameter of the target equivalent signal.
Optionally, the equivalent signal generating module 200 is specifically configured to generate an equivalent signal through a quantum generation circuit; adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation between the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected to obtain a target quantum generation circuit; and generating a target equivalent signal through the target quantum generation circuit.
Optionally, the adjusting the quantum generating circuit based on the deviation between the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be measured to obtain the target quantum generating circuit may include:
Processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through a deviation comparison circuit to obtain deviation data;
and adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation data to obtain a target quantum generation circuit.
Optionally, the processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through the deviation comparison circuit to obtain deviation data includes:
and processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through the SWAP test quantum circuit to obtain deviation data.
Optionally, the adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation data to obtain a target quantum generation circuit includes:
and adjusting the quantum generation circuit by adopting deviation data through back propagation to obtain a target quantum generation circuit.
Optionally, the equivalent signal generating module 200 is specifically configured to perform signal generation processing on the quantum generation circuit based on a deviation between a quantum state of the equivalent signal and a quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected, to obtain a target equivalent signal, where the method includes:
generating an equivalent signal through a quantum generation circuit;
processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through a deviation comparison circuit to obtain deviation data;
Adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation data, and generating a new equivalent signal through the adjusted quantum generation circuit;
judging whether a termination condition is reached or not based on the adjusted quantum generation circuit;
if yes, taking the new equivalent signal as a target equivalent signal;
if not, the quantum generation circuit is adjusted based on deviation data between the quantum state of the new equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected until reaching a termination condition, and a target equivalent signal is output.
Optionally, the processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through the deviation comparison circuit to obtain deviation data includes:
and processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through the SWAP test quantum circuit to obtain deviation data.
Optionally, the judging whether the termination condition is reached based on the adjusted quantum generation circuit includes:
and judging whether the deviation data is smaller than a preset value.
Optionally, the adjusting the quantum generating circuit based on the deviation data includes:
and adjusting the quantum generation circuit by adopting a back propagation mode based on the deviation data.
Optionally, the judging whether the termination condition is reached based on the adjusted quantum generation circuit includes:
It is determined whether the counter-propagating gradient value is less than a gradient threshold.
Optionally, the signal transformation module 300 is specifically configured to obtain a plurality of parameters from the quantum generation circuit; and deriving each parameter by time to obtain a time-varying in-situ signal.
Optionally, the obtaining a plurality of parameters from the quantum generation circuit includes:
each parameter in the shallow quantum wire is acquired.
Optionally, the apparatus may further include:
and the parameter storage module is used for storing each acquired parameter in the classical computer.
Optionally, the apparatus may further include:
and the line initialization module is used for initializing the quantum generation line based on the configured parameters.
Optionally, initializing the quantum generation circuit based on the configured parameters includes:
and initializing based on the preset number of the quantum bits to obtain a quantum generation circuit.
Optionally, the process of constructing the quantum generation circuit includes:
decomposing any multi-bit Hamiltonian quantity to obtain a decomposition result;
and constructing a quantum generation circuit based on the decomposition result.
Optionally, decomposing any multi-bit hamiltonian to obtain a decomposition result, including:
and decomposing any multi-bit Hamiltonian amount based on the evolution operation of the quantum state to obtain a decomposition result.
Therefore, the embodiment generates the equivalent signal similar to the in-situ signal to be detected through the quantum generation circuit, further derives the parameter of the target equivalent signal by time, and can obtain the time-varying in-situ signal without measuring the signal by an interferometry, thereby reducing the complexity of measuring the equivalent signal of the quantum equipment, improving the noise resistance and improving the accuracy and precision of measuring the signal.
The present application further provides a computing device, please refer to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the computing device provided in an embodiment of the present application, and the computing device may include:
a memory for storing a computer program;
and a processor for implementing the steps of any one of the quantum signal measurement methods described above when executing the computer program.
As shown in fig. 7, which is a schematic diagram of a composition structure of a computing device, the computing device may include: a processor 10, a memory 11, a communication interface 12 and a communication bus 13. The processor 10, the memory 11 and the communication interface 12 all complete communication with each other through a communication bus 13.
In the present embodiment, the processor 10 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), an asic, a dsp, a field programmable gate array, or other programmable logic device, etc.
The memory 11 is used for storing one or more programs, and the programs may include program codes, where the program codes include computer operation instructions, and in this embodiment, at least the programs for implementing the following functions are stored in the memory 11:
acquiring an in-situ signal to be detected;
performing signal generation processing on the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation between the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected to obtain a target equivalent signal; wherein the equivalent signal is generated by a quantum generation circuit;
and deriving the parameters of the target equivalent signal in time to obtain a time-varying original position signal.
In one possible implementation, the memory 11 may include a storage program area and a storage data area, where the storage program area may store an operating system, and at least one application program required for functions, etc.; the storage data area may store data created during use.
In addition, the memory 11 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device or other volatile solid-state storage device.
The communication interface 12 may be an interface of a communication module for interfacing with other devices or systems.
Of course, it should be noted that the structure shown in fig. 7 does not limit the computing device in the embodiment of the present application, and the computing device may include more or fewer components than shown in fig. 7, or may combine some components in practical applications.
The present application also provides a quantum device comprising:
a memory for storing a computer program;
and a processor for implementing the steps of the quantum signal measurement method described above when executing the computer program.
Wherein the quantum device is a device for processing the qubits. The memory in the quantum device is for storing a computer program of qubits, which is executed by the processor in response.
The present application also provides a computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, performs the steps of any one of the quantum signal measurement methods described above.
The computer readable storage medium may include: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
For the description of the computer-readable storage medium provided in the present application, reference is made to the above method embodiments, and the description is omitted herein.
In the description, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described by the differences from other embodiments, so that the same similar parts among the embodiments are mutually referred. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative elements and steps are described above generally in terms of functionality in order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software modules may be disposed in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
The above describes in detail a quantum signal measurement method, a signal measurement device, a computing device, a quantum device, and a computer-readable storage medium provided by the present application. Specific examples are set forth herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present application, and the description of the examples above is only intended to assist in understanding the methods of the present application and their core ideas. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various improvements and modifications can be made to the present application without departing from the principles of the present application, and such improvements and modifications fall within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (20)
1. A method for measuring a quantum signal, comprising:
Decomposing any multi-bit Hamiltonian quantity to obtain a decomposition result;
constructing a quantum generation circuit based on the decomposition result;
acquiring an in-situ signal to be detected;
adjusting a quantum generation circuit based on the deviation between the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected;
performing signal generation processing based on the adjusted quantum generation circuit to obtain a target equivalent signal; wherein the equivalent signal is generated by the quantum generation circuit;
and deriving the parameters of the target equivalent signal in time to obtain a time-varying in-situ signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein decomposing any multi-bit hamiltonian to obtain a decomposition result comprises:
and decomposing the random multi-bit Hamiltonian amount based on the evolution operation of the quantum state to obtain a decomposition result.
3. The quantum signal measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the quantum generation circuit is adjusted based on a deviation between a quantum state of an equivalent signal and a quantum state of the in-situ signal to be measured; based on the adjusted quantum generation circuit, performing signal generation processing to obtain a target equivalent signal, including:
Generating the equivalent signal through the quantum generation circuit;
adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation between the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected to obtain a target quantum generation circuit;
and generating the target equivalent signal through the target quantum generation circuit.
4. A quantum signal determination method according to claim 3, wherein adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on a deviation between the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be measured to obtain a target quantum generation circuit comprises:
processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through a deviation comparison circuit to obtain deviation data;
and adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation data to obtain a target quantum generation circuit.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be measured through the deviation comparison circuit to obtain deviation data comprises:
and processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through a SWAP test quantum circuit to obtain deviation data.
6. The quantum signal measurement method according to claim 4, wherein adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation data to obtain a target quantum generation circuit includes:
and adjusting the quantum generation circuit by adopting the deviation data through back propagation to obtain a target quantum generation circuit.
7. The quantum signal measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the quantum generation circuit is adjusted based on a deviation between a quantum state of an equivalent signal and a quantum state of the in-situ signal to be measured; based on the adjusted quantum generation circuit, performing signal generation processing to obtain a target equivalent signal, including:
generating the equivalent signal through the quantum generation circuit;
processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through a deviation comparison circuit to obtain deviation data;
adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation data, and generating a new equivalent signal through the adjusted quantum generation circuit;
judging whether a termination condition is reached or not based on the adjusted quantum generation circuit;
if yes, the new equivalent signal is used as the target equivalent signal;
If not, the quantum generation circuit is adjusted based on deviation data between the quantum state of the new equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected until a termination condition is reached, and the target equivalent signal is output.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be measured through the deviation comparison circuit to obtain deviation data includes:
and processing the quantum state of the equivalent signal and the quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected through a SWAP test quantum circuit to obtain deviation data.
9. The quantum signal measurement method according to claim 7, wherein determining whether a termination condition is reached based on the adjusted quantum generation circuit comprises:
and judging whether the deviation data is smaller than a preset value.
10. The quantum signal measurement method according to claim 7, wherein adjusting the quantum generation circuit based on the deviation data includes:
and adjusting the quantum generation circuit in a back propagation mode based on the deviation data.
11. The quantum signal measurement method according to claim 10, wherein determining whether a termination condition is reached based on the adjusted quantum generation circuit comprises:
it is determined whether the counter-propagating gradient value is less than a gradient threshold.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein deriving the parameters of the target equivalent signal over time yields a time-varying in-situ signal, comprising:
obtaining a plurality of parameters from the quantum generation circuit;
and deriving each parameter by time to obtain the time-varying in-situ signal.
13. The quantum signal measurement method according to claim 12, wherein acquiring a plurality of parameters from the quantum generation circuit includes:
each parameter in the shallow quantum wire is acquired.
14. The method of quantum signal determination of claim 13, further comprising:
each of the parameters obtained is stored in a classical computer.
15. The method of quantum signal determination according to claim 1, further comprising:
the quantum generation circuit is initialized based on the configured parameters.
16. The quantum signal measurement method of claim 15, wherein initializing the quantum generation circuit based on the configured parameters comprises:
And initializing based on the preset number of the quantum bits to obtain the quantum generation circuit.
17. A quantum signal measurement device, comprising:
the signal acquisition module to be measured is used for acquiring an in-situ signal to be measured;
the equivalent signal generation module is used for adjusting a quantum generation circuit based on deviation between a quantum state of the equivalent signal and a quantum state of the in-situ signal to be detected; a quantum generation circuit for performing signal generation processing to obtain a target equivalent signal; wherein the equivalent signal is generated by the quantum generation circuit; a process of constructing the quantum generation circuit, comprising: decomposing any multi-bit Hamiltonian quantity to obtain a decomposition result; constructing the quantum generation circuit based on the decomposition result;
and the signal conversion module is used for deriving the parameters of the target equivalent signal in time to obtain a time-varying in-situ signal.
18. A computing device, comprising:
a memory for storing a computer program;
a processor for implementing the steps of the quantum signal determination method according to any one of claims 1 to 16 when executing the computer program.
19. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that it has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the quantum signal measurement method according to any of claims 1 to 16.
20. A quantum device, comprising:
a memory for storing a computer program;
a processor for implementing the steps of the quantum signal determination method according to any one of claims 1 to 16 when executing the computer program.
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