CN115828784B - Prediction method and system for gas emission characteristics of tunnel construction crossing coal measure stratum - Google Patents
Prediction method and system for gas emission characteristics of tunnel construction crossing coal measure stratum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of coal seam gas prediction, and discloses a prediction method for a gas emission characteristic of a tunnel construction crossing a coal measure stratum, which comprises the following steps: s1: collecting investigation information of tunnel construction; s2: establishing a tunnel construction mathematical model according to the investigation information; s3: establishing a tunnel construction physical model according to the tunnel construction mathematical model; s4: and carrying out construction numerical simulation by using the tunnel construction physical model to obtain relevant characteristic parameters of gas emission. According to the application, the mathematical model and the physical model of tunnel construction are sequentially established, and the construction numerical simulation is carried out according to the physical model of tunnel construction, so that the relevant characteristic parameters of gas emission are obtained, and effective references can be provided for the construction method, lining mode and safety measures of tunnel construction, so that the construction cost and potential safety hazard are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of coal seam gas prediction, in particular to a prediction method and a prediction system for gas emission characteristics of tunnel construction crossing coal formations.
Background
The tunnel gas prediction is a complex systematic work, and is an important link and an important technical means for ensuring the tunnel construction safety. The gas tunnel, especially the high gas tunnel, has high construction technical requirements and high construction difficulty, and is often used as a heavy difficulty control engineering for the construction of the whole line.
When a highway tunnel crossing a coal-based stratum is constructed, the influence of stratum stress and the influence of gas emission are faced. Before tunnel construction, coal and rock properties and gas pressure are required to be tested through geological exploration drilling, and the gas grade of the tunnel is judged according to specifications such as Highway gas tunnel design and construction technical Specification, so that a reasonable construction method and lining mode are formulated as a basis.
Meanwhile, in the construction process of the gas tunnel, the gas concentration in the tunnel is required to be monitored in real time through instruments such as a gas detector, and the gas pressure and flow of the stratum to be excavated are measured through means such as advanced geological drilling. The method can only monitor the gas concentration of the constructed mileage, or can only predict the characteristic of stratum gas of a certain mileage, and the prediction of the gas is usually aimed at a specific position, so that the characteristic of the emission of stratum gas in the whole tunnel construction process can not be predicted. Therefore, it is difficult to select proper tunnel construction methods, lining modes and safety measures according to the prediction of the gas emission characteristics of the whole tunnel process, and extra cost and potential safety hazards are added to the construction process.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a prediction method for gas emission characteristics of tunnel construction through coal measure strata, which comprises the steps of sequentially establishing a tunnel construction mathematical model and a physical model, carrying out construction numerical simulation according to the tunnel construction physical model to obtain relevant characteristic parameters of gas emission, and providing effective reference for a construction method, lining modes and safety measures of tunnel construction so as to reduce construction cost and potential safety hazards.
The technical scheme provided by the application is as follows: the prediction method for the gas emission characteristics of the tunnel construction crossing the coal measure stratum comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting investigation information of tunnel construction;
s2: establishing a tunnel construction mathematical model according to the investigation information;
s3: establishing a tunnel construction physical model according to the tunnel construction mathematical model;
s4: and carrying out construction numerical simulation by using the tunnel construction physical model to obtain relevant characteristic parameters of gas emission.
The working principle and the advantages of the application are as follows: according to the method, investigation information of tunnel construction is collected, and a mathematical model of tunnel construction is established according to the investigation information and mature theory of rock mechanics, gas diffusion, gas seepage and the like, so that the mathematical model can accurately reflect numerical relation in a gas tunnel. And then, a tunnel construction physical model is established according to the tunnel construction mathematical model and the site engineering situation, wherein the physical model has the uniqueness and the practicability of the object. The physical model is used for carrying out numerical simulation on the whole highway tunnel construction process under the coal measure stratum condition by utilizing a numerical simulation method, so that the prediction of the tunnel construction gas emission characteristic is completed, and the method is simple, convenient and flexible. The method disclosed by the application overcomes the defects of the current gas prediction and monitoring means in the gas tunnel, can predict the emission characteristics of stratum gas in the full-dynamic process of tunnel construction, and can provide effective references for the construction method, lining mode and safety measures of tunnel construction so as to reduce the construction cost and potential safety hazard. Moreover, the method is not only suitable for a certain appointed highway tunnel crossing the coal measure strata, but also can be applied to most highway tunnels crossing the coal measure strata, and the gushing characteristic of the gas in the construction of the corresponding tunnel can be obtained only by correcting the relevant physical model through the corresponding investigation information, so that the method has the advantage of strong applicability.
Further, the investigation information includes geological information and design information.
The investigation information comprises geological information and design information, wherein the geological information is external environment information of a tunnel site, the design information is internal design and construction information of tunnel engineering, and the investigation information combined between the inside and the outside can provide reliable references for subsequent model establishment.
Further, the geological information comprises formation lithology, surrounding rock mechanical property, coal-series formation attitude, gas pressure and gas content of coal and rock, and the design information comprises a design plan view and a design section view of the tunnel.
According to the actual conditions of construction of the highway tunnel crossing the coal measure stratum, the geological information is refined into stratum lithology, surrounding rock mechanical property, coal measure stratum attitude, gas pressure and gas content of coal measure stratum, and the design information is refined into a design plan view and a design section view of the tunnel. The finer the investigation information and various parameters are, the more accurate the model prediction is facilitated.
Further, the tunnel construction mathematical model is a gas-solid coupled multi-field mathematical model.
In the construction process of a highway tunnel penetrating through a coal measure stratum, on one hand, the tunnel is influenced by stratum stress, and on the other hand, gas in coal and rock is desorbed, diffused and gushed out by construction disturbance. Therefore, the construction process of the highway tunnel crossing the coal measure stratum is a complex process of ground stress action and gas desorption flow, and the mathematical model is a gas-solid coupled multi-field mathematical model.
Further, the gas-solid coupled multi-field mathematical model comprises a coal measure stratum deformation control model and a gas desorption flow model.
In the coal-based stratum deformation control model, coal and rock are dual pore media which are formed by a framework formed by coal particles and cracks among the coal particles. Under the action of load, the coal body will generate stress, the coal body skeleton will deform or shift, and the gas fluid will move along with the movement of the coal body skeleton and also make seepage movement relative to the coal body skeleton. In the tunnel construction process, the coal-based stratum is desorbed and gas is gushed out. The gas is desorbed from the coal rock mass and is flushed to the tunnel and face through the fracture network in the surrounding rock. Therefore, a coal measure stratum deformation control model and a gas desorption flow model are respectively established to characterize a coal measure stratum deformation control relation and a gas desorption flow relation.
Further, in the coal measure stratum deformation control model, constitutive equation of the coal measure stratum containing gas is as follows:
wherein lambda is the Ramez constant, G is the shear modulus, mu i，j For displacement, F i Is the volume force, sigma ij，j The principal stress tensor, T is the temperature and ρ is the density.
The constitutive equation of the gas-containing coal-series stratum describes the relation between the stress and the strain of the coal rock, and the constitutive equation based on the adsorption and expansion effects of the gas-containing coal rock, the bulk effects of the gas pressure compression coal particles and the ground stress effects is established by the method.
Further, in the gas desorption flow model, gas desorption of the gas coal layer is expressed as:
wherein X is the amount of gas adsorbed per unit mass of combustible base when the adsorption equilibrium gas pressure is p at a certain temperature, a is the ultimate adsorption amount of coal per unit mass, B is Langmuir constant, c is a coal quality correction coefficient, p is the gas pressure of the coal body, n is the porosity of the coal, and B is a constant coefficient term;
the flow of gas in the tunnel is expressed as:
wherein μ is a viscosity coefficient, u ns Is the velocity vector ρ 0 For reference density of mixed gas, p ns Is pressure, F is external volumetric force;
the chemical components of air and gas are exchanged, and the component conservation equation of each component s is as follows:
wherein, c s 、ρc s And D s Respectively the volume concentration, the mass concentration and the diffusion coefficient of the component s, wherein Ss is the mass of the component generated by chemical reaction in unit volume in unit time in the system, namely the productivity;
the free gas density is expressed as:
wherein M is c Is the molecular mass of methane, R is the ideal gas constant, p f Is the gas pressure in the fracture system.
In the gas desorption flow model, gas desorption of a gas coal layer, flow of gas in a tunnel and free gas density are respectively represented, so that accuracy of predicting relevant characteristic parameters of gas emission is improved.
Further, the tunnel construction physical model is built through COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software.
COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software has a strong advantage in terms of fluid-solid coupling calculation, so that a tunnel construction physical model is built through COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software.
Further, the relevant characteristic parameters of the gas emission comprise gas emission flow, gas speed and gas flow direction.
Through the change characteristics of the gas flow, the gas flow rate, the gas flow direction and the like in the tunnel construction process, the gas emission condition is accurately reflected.
The application also provides a prediction system for the gas emission characteristics of the tunnel construction crossing the coal measure strata, and the system adopts the prediction method for the gas emission characteristics of the tunnel construction crossing the coal measure strata.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a logic block diagram of a prediction method for gas emission characteristics of a tunnel construction across a coal measure strata in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a physical model diagram of tunnel construction of a prediction method for gas emission characteristics of tunnel construction through coal measure strata in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a characteristic of variation of gas flow in a prediction method for constructing a gas emission characteristic across a coal measure stratum tunnel according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a characteristic of variation of gas flow rate of a prediction method for constructing a gas emission characteristic across a coal measure stratum tunnel according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a diagram showing a characteristic change of a gas flowing direction of a prediction method for constructing a gas emission characteristic through a coal measure stratum tunnel according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the technical scheme of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present application, and thus are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
It is noted that unless otherwise indicated, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
The labels in the drawings of this specification include: a tunnel 1 and a coal-based stratum 2 are built.
Examples:
as shown in fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a prediction method for a gas emission characteristic of tunnel construction through a coal measure stratum, which specifically includes the following steps (in the scheme, numbers of the steps only perform step distinguishing function, the specific execution sequence of the steps is not limited, and the steps can also be performed simultaneously):
s1: and collecting investigation information of tunnel construction. Investigation information of construction of a highway tunnel crossing a coal measure stratum is collected, wherein the investigation information comprises geological information and design information, the geological information comprises stratum lithology, surrounding rock mechanical properties, coal measure stratum occurrence, gas pressure and gas content of coal measure stratum, and the design information comprises a design plan view and a design section view of the tunnel.
S2: and establishing a tunnel construction mathematical model according to the investigation information. In the construction process of a highway tunnel penetrating through a coal measure stratum, on one hand, the tunnel is influenced by stratum stress, and on the other hand, gas in coal and rock is desorbed, diffused and gushed out by construction disturbance. Therefore, the construction process of the highway tunnel crossing the coal measure stratum is a complex process of ground stress action and gas desorption flow, and the mathematical model is a gas-solid coupled multi-field mathematical model.
The gas-solid coupled multi-field mathematical model comprises a coal measure stratum deformation control model and a gas desorption flow model.
In the coal-based stratum deformation control model, coal and rock are dual pore media which are formed by a framework formed by coal particles and cracks among the coal particles. Under the action of load, the coal body will generate stress, the coal body skeleton will deform or shift, and the gas fluid will move along with the movement of the coal body skeleton and also make seepage movement relative to the coal body skeleton. The constitutive equation of the stratum containing the gas coal series describes the relation between the stress and the strain of the coal rock, and the constitutive equation based on the adsorption and expansion effects of the coal rock containing the gas and the compression of the coal particle body effect and the ground stress effect of the gas pressure is established.
The linear strain quantity caused by gas adsorption of the coal rock particles is as follows:
wherein p is the gas pressure of the coal body, T is the thermodynamic temperature of the coal bed, a and b are the adsorption constants of the coal, and V m K is the molar volume of gas S Is the bulk modulus of the coal skeleton, R is the universal gas constant,
the compressive strain of the coal particles caused by the change of pore gas pressure is as follows:
wherein Δp is the gas pressure variation
The strain due to the ground stress is:
wherein Θ 'is the effective volume, Θ' =σ '' x +σ′ y +σ′ z ＝eK S V is poisson's ratio.
Thus, the total strain of the gas-containing coal rock is:
introducing a Lame constant to finish to obtain an constitutive equation of the stratum containing the gas coal series:
wherein lambda is the Ramez constant, G is the shear modulus, mu i，j For displacement, F i Is the volume force, sigma ij，j The principal stress tensor, T is the temperature and ρ is the density.
In the gas desorption flow model, during tunnel construction, the coal-based stratum will desorb and gush out gas. The gas is desorbed from the coal rock mass and is flushed to the tunnel and face through the fracture network in the surrounding rock.
The desorption of coal seam gas from coal seam formations can be expressed by the langmuir isothermal adsorption equation:
wherein X is the amount of gas m3/t adsorbed per unit mass of combustible base at a certain temperature when the adsorption equilibrium gas pressure is p, a is the limit adsorption amount m3/kg of unit mass of coal, B is Langmuir constant MPa-1, c is a coal quality correction coefficient, p is the gas pressure of the coal body MPa, n is the porosity of the coal, and B is a constant coefficient term m 3/(t.MPa).
According to the law of conservation of mass, the change of mass in the microcell body in the dt time period is as follows:
wherein dm' is the mass change, Q is the gas content of the coal in unit volume, ρ g Is the gas density.
The flow of the free gas basically accords with Darcy's law, and the flow speed is proportional to the pressure difference:
wherein V is the seepage velocity of free gas, k is the permeability of coal, mu is the dynamic viscosity coefficient, and V is Hamiltonian.
The transportation process of gas from the surface of a coal body and primary pores into a fracture system complies with Fick's first diffusion law:
wherein M is the mass diffusion vector of the adsorption state gas, D is the Fick diffusion coefficient, and C is the concentration of the adsorption state gas.
The flow of gas in a tunnel can be described by Navier-Stokes, expressed as:
wherein μ is a viscosity coefficient kg/(m.s), u ns For velocity vectors m/s, ρ 0 Reference density kg/m3, p for mixed gas ns Is the pressure Pa, F is the external volume force
Tunnel construction through the system, there is an exchange of multiple chemical components of air and gas, then each component must satisfy the law of conservation of component mass, the component conservation equation for component s being:
wherein, c s 、ρc s And D s The volume concentration, the mass concentration and the diffusion coefficient of the component s, ss is the mass of the component generated by chemical reaction per unit volume per unit time inside the system, that is, the productivity, respectively.
The free gas density in the fracture system can be calculated from the ideal gas state equation:
wherein M is c Is the molecular mass of methane, R is the ideal gas constant, p f Is the gas pressure in the fracture system.
S3: and building a tunnel construction physical model according to the tunnel construction mathematical model. The highway tunnel construction numerical simulation physical model under the coal measure stratum condition is built according to the tunnel construction mathematical model, COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software has strong advantages in the aspect of fluid-solid coupling calculation, and in the embodiment, the tunnel construction physical model is built through COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. And combining geological information, design information and a gas-solid coupled multi-field mathematical model, and establishing a highway tunnel construction physical model under the condition of the coal measure stratum through COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software, as shown in figure 2.
S4: and carrying out construction numerical simulation by using the tunnel construction physical model to obtain relevant characteristic parameters of gas emission. The numerical simulation of highway tunnel construction under the coal measure stratum condition is carried out through COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software, a simulation model is calculated, and the change characteristics of gas flow, gas flow speed, gas flow direction and the like in the tunnel construction process are obtained through a result module, wherein the change characteristics are respectively shown in fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5. Therefore, the relevant characteristics of gas emission flow, gas speed, gas flowing direction and the like of the highway tunnel when the highway tunnel passes through the coal-based stratum can be obtained through the steps.
The embodiment also discloses a prediction system for the gas emission characteristics of the tunnel construction crossing the coal measure strata, and the system adopts the prediction method for the gas emission characteristics of the tunnel construction crossing the coal measure strata.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application, and the specific structures and features well known in the art are not described in detail herein, so that those skilled in the art will be aware of all the prior art to which the present application pertains, and will be able to ascertain all of the prior art in this field, and with the ability to apply the conventional experimental means prior to this date, without the ability of those skilled in the art to make various embodiments with the benefit of this disclosure, without the ability to develop and practice the present application, certain typical known structures or methods should not be considered as an obstacle to the practice of the present application by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present application, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present application, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present application and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application is subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The prediction method for the gas emission characteristics of the tunnel construction crossing the coal measure stratum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: collecting investigation information of tunnel construction;
s2: establishing a tunnel construction mathematical model according to the investigation information; the tunnel construction mathematical model is a gas-solid coupled multi-field mathematical model; the gas-solid coupled multi-field mathematical model comprises a coal measure stratum deformation control model and a gas desorption flow model; in the coal measure stratum deformation control model, constitutive equation of the coal measure stratum containing gas is as follows:
wherein G is the shear modulus, F i Is a volume force, T t Temperature, ρ is density;
in the gas desorption flow model, gas desorption of a gas coal layer is expressed as:
wherein X is the amount of gas adsorbed per unit mass of combustible base when the adsorption equilibrium gas pressure is p at a certain temperature, a is the ultimate adsorption amount of coal per unit mass, B is Langmuir constant, c is a coal quality correction coefficient, p is the gas pressure of the coal body, n is the porosity of the coal, and B is a constant coefficient term;
the flow of gas in the tunnel is expressed as:
wherein μ is a viscosity coefficient, u ns Is the velocity vector ρ 0 For reference density of mixed gas, p ns For pressure, F is the external volume force, and V is Hamiltonian;
the chemical components of air and gas are exchanged, and the component conservation equation of each component s is as follows:
wherein, c s 、ρc s And D s The volume concentration and the mass concentration of the component S and the diffusion coefficient of the component S are respectively s The mass of the component produced by chemical reaction per unit volume per unit time inside the system, i.e., the production rate;
the free gas density is expressed as:
wherein M is c Is the molecular mass of methane, R is the ideal gas constant, p f Is the gas pressure in the fracture system;
s3: establishing a tunnel construction physical model according to the tunnel construction mathematical model;
s4: and carrying out construction numerical simulation through a tunnel construction physical model to obtain characteristic parameters of gas emission, wherein the characteristic parameters of gas emission comprise gas emission flow, gas speed and gas flow direction.
2. The prediction method for the gas emission characteristics of tunnel construction crossing coal measure strata according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the investigation information includes geological information and design information.
3. The prediction method for the gas emission characteristics of tunnel construction crossing coal measure strata according to claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the geological information comprises formation lithology, surrounding rock mechanical property, coal-series formation attitude, gas pressure and gas content of coal and rock, and the design information comprises a design plan view and a design section view of the tunnel.
4. The prediction method for the gas emission characteristics of tunnel construction crossing coal measure strata according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the tunnel construction physical model is built through COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software.
5. Prediction system for gas emission characteristics of coal measure stratum tunnel crossing construction, which is characterized in that: the system adopts the prediction method of the gas emission characteristics of the tunnel construction crossing coal measure stratum according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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