CN116384129A - Prediction method for disaster characteristics of highway tunnel passing through karst stratum - Google Patents

Prediction method for disaster characteristics of highway tunnel passing through karst stratum Download PDF

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CN116384129A
CN116384129A CN202310379546.1A CN202310379546A CN116384129A CN 116384129 A CN116384129 A CN 116384129A CN 202310379546 A CN202310379546 A CN 202310379546A CN 116384129 A CN116384129 A CN 116384129A
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karst
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information
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water
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贾家银
吴志军
周世均
陈结
宋书一
任奕玮
刘泉声
艾卿
翁磊
储昭飞
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CHONGQING ZHONGHUAN CONSTRUCTION CO LTD
Chongqing University
Wuhan University WHU
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Chongqing University
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of disaster prediction, in particular to a method for predicting disaster characteristics when a highway tunnel passes through a karst stratum, which is used for carrying out simulation calculation on the whole process of highway tunnel construction under the condition of the karst stratum according to geological information and construction characteristic information of a target highway tunnel and by combining an established karst stratum deformation-water gushing coupling mathematical model and a physical model, so as to obtain the structural stability of the target highway tunnel construction under the condition of the karst stratum and the characteristic information of water gushing disasters. The method can predict the stratum water burst characteristics in the whole construction process of the highway tunnel, improves the accuracy and flexibility of prediction, and provides important basis for selection of construction methods, lining modes, safety measures and the like.

Description

Prediction method for disaster characteristics of highway tunnel passing through karst stratum
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of disaster prediction, in particular to a method for predicting disaster characteristics when a highway tunnel passes through a karst stratum.
Background
In the construction process of highway tunnels involving karst stratum conditions, the construction process not only faces the influence of stratum stress, but also faces disasters such as water burst, sand burst and the like. The main reason is that the cavity of the karst cave forms bad geological conditions, so that the concentration of ground stress is caused, the stability of tunnel construction is influenced, the karst cave is rich in water, the mechanical properties of rock mass are reduced, and disasters such as water burst and sand burst can be caused in tunnel construction.
Therefore, in the karst stratum highway tunnel construction process, advanced geological prediction methods such as geological sketch, geological radar, infrared detection, advanced geological drilling and the like are generally adopted to predict geological information in front of a tunnel face within 200 meters, and methods such as an underground water dynamics method, a water management statistical method, a water balance method, a comparison method numerical analysis method and a nonlinear theory method are adopted to monitor water inflow in the tunnel construction process.
However, the method can only monitor the water inflow of the constructed mileage, or can only predict the stratum water inflow characteristic of a certain mileage, and cannot predict and accurately reflect the stratum water inflow characteristic in the whole highway tunnel construction process under the karst stratum condition, so that the accuracy and the flexibility are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a disaster characteristic prediction method for a highway tunnel penetrating through a karst stratum, which can predict stratum water inflow characteristics in the whole construction process of the highway tunnel and improves the accuracy and flexibility of prediction.
The invention provides the following basic scheme: a method for predicting disaster characteristics when a highway tunnel passes through a karst stratum comprises the following steps:
an information acquisition step: obtaining geological information and construction characteristic information of a target highway tunnel;
model construction: constructing a mathematical model and a physical model of the target highway tunnel construction under the karst stratum condition according to the geological information and the construction characteristic information; wherein the mathematical model is used for reflecting the ground stress effect and water flow characteristics of the karst stratum, and comprises: the karst stratum deformation-water gushing coupling mathematical model is obtained by coupling a tunnel surrounding rock deformation control mathematical model and a karst cavity water gushing characteristic mathematical model, wherein the karst cavity water gushing characteristic mathematical model is used for representing a karst cavity water gushing process and is arranged differently according to different stages of the karst cavity water gushing process; the physical model is used for simulating the target highway tunnel to pass through the karst stratum;
and a prediction step: and according to the mathematical model and the physical model, carrying out simulation of the construction of the target highway tunnel under the karst stratum condition, and obtaining the structural stability and the flood disaster information.
Further, the geological information includes: formation lithology information, surrounding rock mechanical property information, karst cavity attitude information, pore water pressure information and water content information;
the construction characteristic information includes: designing construction parameter information, including: design plan view information, design section view information, tunnel construction method information, lining mode information and lining material information.
Further, the model construction step includes:
a mathematical model construction substep: according to geological information and construction characteristic information, constructing a tunnel surrounding rock deformation control mathematical model and a karst cavity water surge characteristic mathematical model of target highway tunnel construction under karst stratum conditions;
the method comprises the steps of coupling a tunnel surrounding rock deformation control mathematical model and a karst cavity water-gushing characteristic mathematical model to obtain a karst stratum deformation-water-gushing coupling mathematical model;
the physical model construction substep: and constructing a physical model of the target highway tunnel construction under the karst stratum condition according to the geological information and the construction characteristic information.
Further, the tunnel surrounding rock deformation control mathematical model is as follows:
Figure BDA0004171731250000021
wherein the method comprises the steps of
Figure BDA0004171731250000022
A is a material constant>
Figure BDA0004171731250000023
Is an internal friction angle;
Figure BDA0004171731250000024
sigma, the mean stress or the static horizontal pressure i As the main stress, i is any parameter;
{ S } is the bias stress;
[ M ] is [ M ] in Mises yield criterion (Mises yield criterion);
Figure BDA0004171731250000025
c is cohesion.
Further, the karst cavity water-surging characteristic mathematical model is set up differently according to the stage difference of karst cavity water-surging process, includes:
the first stage:
Figure BDA0004171731250000031
Figure BDA0004171731250000032
wherein k is permeability; p is the fluid pressure; ρ is the fluid density; q (Q) m Is the source; u is darcy's speed; mu is dynamic viscosity;
and a second stage:
Figure BDA0004171731250000033
Figure BDA0004171731250000034
wherein β is a non-darcy factor; n is the porosity; f is the volume force; i is an identity matrix; beta is a non-darcy factor which is the factor,
Figure BDA0004171731250000035
and a third stage:
Figure BDA0004171731250000036
Figure BDA0004171731250000037
further, the physical model construction sub-step includes:
and establishing a physical model of the target highway tunnel construction under the karst stratum condition, wherein boundary conditions and initial water pressure, rock stratum permeability, water body physical parameters and initial conditions of the rock stratum physical parameters of the physical model are set according to the geological information and the construction characteristic information.
Further, the predicting step includes:
and configuring a solver meeting preset requirements, and calculating the construction process of the target highway tunnel under the condition of the karst stratum according to the karst stratum deformation-water gushing coupling mathematical model and the physical model to acquire the characteristic information of structural stability and water gushing disasters.
Further, the structural stability and characteristic information of the water gushing disaster include, but are not limited to: the method comprises the following steps of tunnel surrounding rock stress value, tunnel vault subsidence, tunnel arch waist convergence, water body emission and water body distribution in the construction process of a target highway tunnel.
The beneficial effect of this scheme: according to geological information and construction characteristic information of a target highway tunnel, simulating the whole construction process of the highway tunnel under the condition of a karst stratum by means of model simulation, and specifically, constructing a mathematical model and a physical model of the target highway tunnel under the condition of the karst stratum according to the geological information and the construction characteristic information; the mathematical model is used for reflecting the ground stress effect and water flow characteristics of the karst stratum, and the physical model is used for simulating the target highway tunnel to pass through the karst stratum; and then, according to the two constructed models, carrying out simulation so as to obtain the structural stability of the target highway tunnel construction and the characteristic information of the water gushing disaster (the structural stability and the characteristic information of the water gushing disaster) under the karst stratum condition.
The method can predict the disaster characteristics of the highway tunnel under the condition of the karst stratum in the whole construction process stage at any time point before, during and after the construction of the highway tunnel, analyzes the stability and the safety of the construction of the highway tunnel under the condition of the karst stratum, and is an important basis for the selection of a construction method, a lining mode, safety measures and the like; the mathematical model of the special scheme is a karst stratum deformation-water gushing coupling mathematical model obtained by coupling a tunnel surrounding rock deformation control mathematical model and a karst cavity water gushing characteristic mathematical model, can reflect surrounding rock deformation and also comprises water gushing characteristics, wherein the karst cavity water gushing characteristic mathematical model is used for representing a karst cavity water gushing process. The scheme can predict stratum water burst characteristics in the whole construction process of the highway tunnel, and improves the accuracy, flexibility and comprehensiveness of prediction.
1. The method overcomes the defects of the traditional rock stratum water inflow information monitoring and predicting method under the condition that the highway tunnel passes through the karst stratum, and can only monitor the water inflow information of the rock stratum of the constructed mileage section or can only predict the water inflow amount of the stratum of a certain mileage section, and the water inflow characteristics of the stratum in the full-dynamic tunnel construction process can not be predicted.
2. The mathematical model is established according to theories such as rock mechanics and fluid seepage, and a large number of practices prove that the accuracy is high, the physical model is established according to geology and design data (geological information and construction characteristic information) of field engineering, the model has uniqueness and reality of objects, and the PDE module can be used for effectively coupling related mathematical models (karst stratum deformation-water gushing coupling mathematical models) with engineering actual conditions in COMSOL Multiphysics numerical simulation software, so that accurate and reliable prediction results are obtained;
particularly, in the scheme, the mathematical model construction of the karst cavity water-gushing characteristic is respectively carried out on the flowing characteristics of the karst cavity water-gushing stage Cheng Xian, so that the actual water-gushing condition in the karst stratum is more met, the authenticity of simulation is improved, and the accuracy of a prediction result is further improved.
3. The scheme is different from the traditional monitoring and forecasting method, the disaster characteristics of the highway tunnel passing through the karst stratum can be predicted by utilizing a numerical simulation method, the method is simple, convenient and flexible, the economic cost is low, and the universality of the scheme is greatly improved.
4. The method is not only suitable for a certain specified karst stratum highway tunnel, but can be applied to most karst stratum highway tunnels. The disaster characteristics of the corresponding highway tunnel when passing through the karst stratum can be obtained by correcting the related model through the corresponding geological and design data, and the application is flexible and the adaptability is strong.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for predicting disaster characteristics when a highway tunnel passes through a karst stratum;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for predicting disaster characteristics when a highway tunnel passes through a karst stratum, wherein the method is implemented in the embodiment;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a physical model in an embodiment of a method for predicting disaster characteristics when a highway tunnel passes through a karst stratum.
Detailed Description
The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: highway tunnel 1, karst structure 2.
This embodiment is basically as shown in fig. 1: a method for predicting disaster characteristics when a highway tunnel passes through a karst stratum comprises the following steps:
an information acquisition step: obtaining geological information and construction characteristic information of a target highway tunnel 1;
wherein the geological information comprises: formation lithology information, surrounding rock mechanical property information, karst cavity attitude information, pore water pressure information and water content information;
construction characteristic information, including: designing construction parameter information; the method comprises the following steps: design plan view information, design section view information, tunnel construction method information, lining mode information and lining material information;
model construction: constructing a mathematical model and a physical model of the construction of the target highway tunnel 1 under the karst stratum condition according to the geological information and the construction characteristic information; wherein the mathematical model is used for reflecting the ground stress effect and water flow characteristics of the karst stratum, and comprises: a karst stratum deformation-water gushing coupling mathematical model is obtained by coupling the tunnel surrounding rock deformation control mathematical model and the karst cavity water gushing characteristic mathematical model; the physical model is used for simulating the target highway tunnel 1 to pass through the karst stratum;
specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the model construction step includes: a mathematical model construction sub-step and a physical model construction sub-step;
a mathematical model construction substep: according to geological information and construction characteristic information, constructing a tunnel surrounding rock deformation control mathematical model and a karst cavity water surge characteristic mathematical model of the target highway tunnel 1 under the karst stratum condition;
the method comprises the steps of coupling a tunnel surrounding rock deformation control mathematical model and a karst cavity water-gushing characteristic mathematical model to obtain a karst stratum deformation-water-gushing coupling mathematical model;
wherein, include: a tunnel surrounding rock deformation control mathematical model and a karst cavity water surge characteristic mathematical model;
the tunnel surrounding rock deformation control mathematical model is as follows:
Figure BDA0004171731250000061
wherein the method comprises the steps of
Figure BDA0004171731250000062
A is a material constant>
Figure BDA0004171731250000063
Is an internal friction angle;
Figure BDA0004171731250000064
sigma, the mean stress or the static horizontal pressure i As the main stress, i is any parameter;
{ S } is the bias stress;
[ M ] is [ M ] in Mises yield criterion (Mises yield criterion);
Figure BDA0004171731250000065
c is cohesive force;
rock mass and concrete belong to a particulate material, the compressive yield strength is much greater than the tensile yield strength, and when the material is in tension, the particles expand, so the brucker-Prager yield criterion is used as the constitutive equation for rock mass and concrete:
Figure BDA0004171731250000066
wherein I is 1 ＝σ 1 +σ 2 +σ 3 ，
Figure BDA0004171731250000067
Alpha, kappa are experimental constants;
Figure BDA0004171731250000068
for the Drucker-Prager model, the expression of the equivalent stress is:
Figure BDA0004171731250000069
the tunnel surrounding rock deformation control mathematical model is:
Figure BDA00041717312500000610
the karst cavity water-flushing characteristic mathematical model is used for expressing the karst cavity water-flushing process and carrying out different settings according to different stages of the karst cavity water-flushing process; specifically, the karst cavity gushes water through the flow characteristics of Cheng Xian three stages, so that the karst cavity gushing water characteristic mathematical model is set differently according to the three stages of the karst cavity gushing water process, and the karst cavity gushing water mathematical model comprises the following steps:
the first stage:
Figure BDA00041717312500000611
Figure BDA00041717312500000612
wherein k is permeability; p is the fluid pressure; ρ is the fluid density; q (Q) m Is the source; u is darcy's speed; mu is dynamic viscosity;
in the first stage, the water conservancy relation between the fluid in the rock mass aquifer and surrounding rock is stable, the fluid seeps in the porous medium at a low speed, and the inertia force of the fluid is negligible, so that the motion form can be used for constructing a karst cavity water surge characteristic mathematical model by using Darcy's law;
and a second stage:
Figure BDA0004171731250000071
Figure BDA0004171731250000072
wherein β is a non-darcy factor; n is the porosity; f is the volume force; i is an identity matrix; beta is a non-darcy factor which is the factor,
Figure BDA0004171731250000073
in the second stage, water flows in the broken rock body, the rock body in the rock stratum is deformed and broken under the influence of tunnel construction, a large amount of fracture network space is formed, the water flow presents nonlinear seepage in the fracture space, a Forchheimer equation (nonlinear seepage equation) describes a nonlinear seepage equation between Darcy seepage and Navier-Stokes flow (Navier-Stokes fluid), and the method is suitable for describing seepage characteristics of the fractured rock body, so that a karst cavity water surge characteristic mathematical model of the second stage is constructed according to the Forchheimer equation;
and a third stage:
Figure BDA0004171731250000074
Figure BDA0004171731250000075
in the third stage, water reaches a tunnel through a rock stratum fracture network, when water inflow reaches a certain degree and the water-proof capacity of a tunnel working surface is limited, fluid can break through the working surface and enter the tunnel to flow freely, and at the moment, the water accords with Navier-Stokes flow on the tunnel working surface, so that a karst cavity water-inflow characteristic mathematical model of the third stage is constructed according to Navier-Stokes flow;
and coupling the tunnel surrounding rock deformation control mathematical model and the karst cavity water gushing characteristic mathematical model in a PDE module of COMSOL Multiphysics numerical simulation software to obtain the karst stratum deformation-water gushing coupling mathematical model.
The physical model construction substep: constructing a physical model of the construction of the target highway tunnel 1 under the karst stratum condition according to the geological information and the construction characteristic information;
specifically, a physical model of the construction of the target highway tunnel 1 under the condition of a karst stratum is established through a simulation module of COMSOL Multiphysics numerical simulation software, as shown in fig. 3, wherein the side-by-side cylinders are the highway tunnel 1, and the ellipsoids are karst structures 2; the boundary condition and the initial water pressure, the rock stratum permeability, the water body physical parameters and the initial conditions of the rock stratum physical parameters of the physical model are set according to the geological information and the construction characteristic information.
And a prediction step: according to the mathematical model and the physical model, carrying out stability numerical simulation of the construction of the target highway tunnel 1 under the karst stratum condition, obtaining the characteristic information of structural stability and water gushing disasters, and outputting the characteristic information;
specifically, a solver meeting preset requirements is configured in a calculation module of COMSOL Multiphysics numerical simulation software, wherein the preset requirements are set calculation criteria and principles, a construction process of a target highway tunnel 1 under the condition of a karst stratum is calculated according to a coupling result (karst stratum deformation-water gushing coupling mathematical model) in a PDE module and a simulation result (physical model) of a simulation module, and characteristic information of structural stability and water gushing disasters is obtained in a result module, wherein the characteristic information of the structural stability and the water gushing disasters comprises, but is not limited to: the method comprises the following steps of a tunnel surrounding rock stress value, a tunnel vault subsidence amount, a tunnel vault convergence amount, a water body emission amount and water body distribution in the construction process of the target highway tunnel 1.
According to the scheme, in the practical application process, disaster characteristics of the highway tunnel 1 under the condition of a karst stratum can be predicted at any time point before, during and after the construction of the highway tunnel 1, and stability and safety of the construction of the highway tunnel 1 under the condition of the karst stratum are analyzed, so that important basis for selection of a construction method, a lining mode, safety measures and the like is provided; the scheme can predict stratum water inflow characteristics in the whole construction process of the highway tunnel 1, and improves the accuracy and flexibility of prediction.
The foregoing is merely an embodiment of the present invention, and a specific structure and characteristics of common knowledge in the art, which are well known in the scheme, are not described herein, so that a person of ordinary skill in the art knows all the prior art in the application day or before the priority date of the present invention, and can know all the prior art in the field, and have the capability of applying the conventional experimental means before the date, so that a person of ordinary skill in the art can complete and implement the present embodiment in combination with his own capability in the light of the present application, and some typical known structures or known methods should not be an obstacle for a person of ordinary skill in the art to implement the present application. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present invention, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. The method for predicting the disaster characteristics when the highway tunnel passes through the karst stratum is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
an information acquisition step: obtaining geological information and construction characteristic information of a target highway tunnel;
model construction: constructing a mathematical model and a physical model of the target highway tunnel construction under the karst stratum condition according to the geological information and the construction characteristic information; wherein the mathematical model is used for reflecting the ground stress effect and water flow characteristics of the karst stratum, and comprises: the karst stratum deformation-water gushing coupling mathematical model is obtained by coupling a tunnel surrounding rock deformation control mathematical model and a karst cavity water gushing characteristic mathematical model, wherein the karst cavity water gushing characteristic mathematical model is used for representing a karst cavity water gushing process and is arranged differently according to different stages of the karst cavity water gushing process; the physical model is used for simulating the target highway tunnel to pass through the karst stratum;
and a prediction step: and according to the mathematical model and the physical model, carrying out simulation of the construction of the target highway tunnel under the karst stratum condition, and obtaining the structural stability and the flood disaster information.
2. The method for predicting disaster characteristics when a highway tunnel passes through a karst strata according to claim 1, wherein the geological information comprises: formation lithology information, surrounding rock mechanical property information, karst cavity attitude information, pore water pressure information and water content information;
the construction characteristic information includes: designing construction parameter information, including: design plan view information, design section view information, tunnel construction method information, lining mode information and lining material information.
3. The method for predicting disaster characteristics when a highway tunnel passes through a karst stratum according to claim 2, wherein the model construction step comprises:
a mathematical model construction substep: according to geological information and construction characteristic information, constructing a tunnel surrounding rock deformation control mathematical model and a karst cavity water surge characteristic mathematical model of target highway tunnel construction under karst stratum conditions;
the method comprises the steps of coupling a tunnel surrounding rock deformation control mathematical model and a karst cavity water-gushing characteristic mathematical model to obtain a karst stratum deformation-water-gushing coupling mathematical model;
the physical model construction substep: and constructing a physical model of the target highway tunnel construction under the karst stratum condition according to the geological information and the construction characteristic information.
4. The method for predicting disaster characteristics when a highway tunnel passes through a karst stratum according to claim 3, wherein the tunnel surrounding rock deformation control mathematical model is as follows:
Figure FDA0004171731230000011
wherein the method comprises the steps of
Figure FDA0004171731230000021
A is a material constant>
Figure FDA0004171731230000022
Is an internal friction angle;
Figure FDA0004171731230000023
sigma, the mean stress or the static horizontal pressure i As the main stress, i is any parameter;
{ S } is the bias stress;
[ M ] is [ M ] in Mises yield criterion (Mises yield criterion);
Figure FDA0004171731230000024
c is cohesion.
5. The method for predicting disaster characteristics when a highway tunnel passes through a karst stratum according to claim 4, wherein the mathematical model of karst cavity water-flushing characteristics is set differently according to different stages of a karst cavity water-flushing process, and the method comprises the following steps:
the first stage:
Figure FDA0004171731230000025
Figure FDA0004171731230000026
wherein k is permeability; p is the fluid pressure; ρ is the fluid density; q (Q) m Is the source; u is darcy's speed; mu is dynamic viscosity;
and a second stage:
Figure FDA0004171731230000027
Figure FDA0004171731230000028
wherein β is a non-darcy factor; n is the porosity; f is the volume force; i is an identity matrix; beta is a non-darcy factor which is the factor,
Figure FDA0004171731230000029
and a third stage:
Figure FDA00041717312300000210
Figure FDA00041717312300000211
6. a method for predicting disaster characteristics when a highway tunnel passes through a karst stratum according to claim 3, wherein the physical model construction sub-step comprises:
and establishing a physical model of the target highway tunnel construction under the karst stratum condition, wherein boundary conditions and initial water pressure, rock stratum permeability, water body physical parameters and initial conditions of the rock stratum physical parameters of the physical model are set according to the geological information and the construction characteristic information.
7. The method for predicting disaster characteristics when a highway tunnel passes through a karst stratum according to claim 6, wherein a solver meeting preset requirements is configured, and the construction process of a target highway tunnel under the condition of the karst stratum is calculated according to a karst stratum deformation-water gushing coupling mathematical model and a physical model to obtain characteristic information of structural stability and water gushing disasters.
8. The method for predicting disaster characteristics when a highway tunnel passes through a karst strata according to claim 7, wherein the characteristic information of structural stability and water gushing disasters includes but is not limited to: the method comprises the following steps of tunnel surrounding rock stress value, tunnel vault subsidence, tunnel arch waist convergence, water body emission and water body distribution in the construction process of a target highway tunnel.
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