CN115825222B - Method for identifying slug flow structure based on ultrasonic technology - Google Patents
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- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for identifying a slug flow structure based on an ultrasonic technology, wherein an ultrasonic measurement system comprises the following steps: an ultrasonic excitation device and a spontaneous self-receiving ultrasonic transducer; the ultrasonic transducer is fixed at the top of the horizontal pipeline in a wall-mounted mode, and comprises the following steps: the received signal at each excitation of the ultrasound transducer is divided into three parts: the coupling section, the wall surface echo section and the interface echo section are used for selecting data acquired by the wall surface echo section for processing; respectively extracting empty pipe reference signals and full pipe reference signals; collecting a receiving signal, namely a measuring signal, when the ultrasonic transducer is excited each time under the condition that a slug flow type is presented in the pipeline; and repeatedly judging the measurement signals received by multiple excitation, and arranging analysis results according to the measurement time sequence to obtain a vector consisting of 0 and 1, wherein 0 represents a liquid film area, 1 represents a liquid plug area, and the vector is called as a slug flow structure identification result vector, namely the identification of the slug flow structure is completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flow measurement, and relates to a method for identifying a slug flow structure.
Background
The gas-liquid two-phase flow widely exists in the nature and industrial production, the distribution form of the gas-liquid two-phase medium is called a flow pattern, and the slug flow is a common flow pattern, and the structure is characterized in that two structures of a liquid plug and long bubbles alternately appear, to be precise, a liquid plug area formed by a liquid block completely filling the cross section of a pipeline and a liquid film area formed by a liquid film and slender bubbles flowing on the liquid film alternately appear. For a horizontally placed medium-sized pipeline, slugging can occur over a large gas and liquid flow range, but this flow pattern is inherently unstable, in the case of slugging, not only can the flow and pressure in the pipeline fluctuate dramatically, but the pipeline itself can vibrate and even damage the mechanical structure of the pipeline. Therefore, the research on the generation and evolution mechanism of the slug flow accurately measures the key characteristic parameters of the slug flow, and has important significance for guaranteeing the safety of the industrial production process. In the research of the slug flow, whether calculating the characteristic parameters or analyzing the flow mechanism, the slug flow structure is first clearly identified, namely, the liquid plug area and the liquid film area are identified.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a relatively accurate method for identifying a slug flow structure based on the amplitude intensity of a received signal of an ultrasonic transducer, which can further calculate the moving speed, the frequency and the length of a liquid plug on the basis of identifying the structure. The technical proposal is as follows:
A method for identifying a slug flow structure based on ultrasonic technology, using an ultrasonic measurement system comprising: an ultrasonic excitation device and a spontaneous self-receiving ultrasonic transducer; the ultrasonic transducer is fixed at the top of the horizontal pipeline in a wall-mounted mode, the ultrasonic excitation device is used for providing ultrasonic excitation electric signals, the ultrasonic transducer is excited to emit ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves are received by the ultrasonic transducer after being reflected by an interface and are converted into electric signals to be collected, and the method for identifying the slug flow structure comprises the following steps:
Step one, the received signal at each excitation of the ultrasound transducer is divided into three parts: the coupling section, the wall surface echo section and the interface echo section are used for selecting data acquired by the wall surface echo section for processing;
Collecting a receiving signal of an ultrasonic transducer under the condition that a pipeline is filled with air, namely an empty pipe reference signal, extracting each peak and trough amplitude of a wall surface echo band of the empty pipe reference signal, averaging the empty pipe reference signal collected in a period of time, and respectively marking the 1st peak amplitude average value, the 2 nd peak amplitude average value and the 1st trough amplitude average value and the 2 nd trough amplitude average value as: a empty-peak-1、Aempty-peak-2、Aempty-valley-1、Aempty-valley-2 of the total number of the components,
Collecting receiving signals of an ultrasonic transducer under the condition that the pipeline is full of water, namely, full-pipe reference signals, extracting the wave crest and wave trough amplitude values of wall surface echo bands of the full-pipe reference signals, averaging the full-pipe reference signals collected in a period of time, and respectively marking the amplitude average value of the 1 st wave crest, the 2 nd wave crest and the amplitude average value of the 1 st wave trough and the 2 nd wave trough as follows: a full-peak-1、Afull-peak-2、Afull-valley-1、Afull-valley-2; calculating the amplitude range of the full-pipe reference signal, and marking the amplitude range as A full;
Step two, under the condition that a slug flow type is presented in the pipeline, collecting a receiving signal when the ultrasonic transducer is excited each time, namely a measuring signal; for each excitation, extracting the wave crest and wave trough amplitude values of the wall surface echo band of the measurement signal, namely the 1st wave crest amplitude value, the 2 nd wave crest amplitude value and the 1st wave trough amplitude value and the 2 nd wave trough amplitude value, which are respectively recorded as: a test-peak-1、Atest-peak-2、Atest-valley-1、Atest-valley-2; extracting the maximum value of all wave peaks of a wall surface echo band of a measuring signal, namely A test-peak-max, extracting the minimum value of all wave trough values, namely A test-valley-min, calculating the amplitude range of the measuring signal, namely A test;
Step three, comparing the amplitude range A test of the measurement signal with the amplitude range A full of the full pipe reference signal, and if A test≤Afull, marking the current liquid plug area as 1; if A test>Afull, continuing to analyze and judge in the fourth step;
Step four: the error between the 2 nd peak value A test-peak-2 of the measurement signal and the 2 nd peak value A empty-peak-2 of the empty pipe reference signal is calculated and is marked as e 4-empty, and the calculation formula is as follows:
The error between the 2 nd peak value A test-peak-2 of the measurement signal and the 2 nd peak value A full-peak-2 of the full pipe reference signal is calculated and is marked as e 4-full, and the calculation formula is as follows:
comparing e 4-empty with e 4-full, if e 4-full≤e4-empty, then marking 1 as representing the current liquid plug area; if e 4-full>e4-empty, continuing to analyze and judge in the fifth step;
Step five: the error of the 2 nd valley value A test-valley-2 of the measurement signal is calculated and recorded as e 3, and the calculation formula is as follows:
If e 3 is less than or equal to 40%, the current liquid plug area is represented, and the mark is 1; if e 3 is more than or equal to 60%, the current liquid film area is represented, and the mark is 0; if 40% < e 3 <60%, continuing to perform the analysis and judgment in the step six;
Step six: the error of the 1 st peak value A test-peak-1 of the measurement signal is calculated and recorded as e 2, and the calculation formula is as follows:
The error of the 1 st valley value A test-valley-1 of the measurement signal is calculated and recorded as e 1, and the calculation formula is as follows:
If e 2 is less than or equal to 10% and e 1 is less than or equal to 10%, the liquid stopper is currently positioned in the liquid stopper area, and the mark is 1; otherwise, the current liquid film area is represented, and the mark is 0;
Step seven: repeating the steps three to six for the measurement signals received by multiple excitation, arranging the analysis results according to the measurement time sequence, and obtaining a vector consisting of 0 and 1, wherein 0 represents a liquid film area, 1 represents a liquid plug area, and the vector is called as a slug flow structure identification result vector, namely the identification of the slug flow structure is completed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 schematic diagrams of amplitude values of 1 st and 2 nd wave peaks and wave troughs of wall surface echo bands of empty pipe reference signals and full pipe reference signals
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of amplitude values of 1 st and 2 nd peaks and troughs of a back wave band of a wall surface of a measuring signal
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a plug flow structure recognition result vector
Image information of a liquid stopper at a certain arrival time by the video method of FIG. 4
FIG. 5 comparison of the results from the method of the present invention and the video capture analysis under the 1 st operating mode
FIG. 6 comparison of the results of the method of the present invention and the video capture analysis under the 2 nd and 3 rd conditions
Detailed Description
The invention aims to clearly identify a slug flow structure based on an ultrasonic technology, and takes a DN50 horizontal pipeline as an example, and provides parameter setting and implementation methods of each step by combining step methods in a technical scheme. The ultrasonic measurement system used includes: the device comprises an ultrasonic excitation device, a self-receiving ultrasonic transducer and a data acquisition card. The ultrasonic excitation device uses a Spartan-6 series XC6SLX9-2TQG I product of XILINX company as a main controller for generating an electric signal and a data acquisition trigger signal for exciting an ultrasonic transducer, wherein the ultrasonic excitation signal and the data acquisition trigger signal are synchronous and have the frequency of 1kHz. The 5Z6N type piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer of the ultrasonic transducer SIUI company is installed on the top of the horizontal pipeline in a wall-mounted mode. The PCI8512B data acquisition card developed by adopting Altai technology is selected as the data acquisition card, the sampling frequency is set to 80MHz, 7000 sampling points are acquired once, a trigger acquisition mode is adopted, the data acquisition time of the single working condition point is 10s, and 10000 measurement signals are obtained in total. The method comprises the following specific steps:
Step one: and collecting an empty pipe reference signal, a full pipe reference signal and a measurement signal.
The ultrasonic transducers are arranged at the top of a horizontal pipeline in a wall-mounted mode, and the receiving signals of 1000 ultrasonic transducers in 1s are collected under the condition that the pipeline is full of air, so that an empty pipe reference signal is obtained; and under the condition that the pipeline is full of water, collecting the receiving signals of 1000 ultrasonic transducers in 1s, and obtaining a full-pipe reference signal. And under the condition that a slug flow type is presented in the pipeline, collecting the receiving signals received by 10000 ultrasonic transducers in 10s, namely measuring signals.
Step two: and extracting amplitude information of the empty pipe reference signal.
The received signal at each excitation of the ultrasound transducer may be divided into three parts, respectively: coupling section, wall back wave band, interface back wave band. The ultrasonic transducer is tightly attached to the outer wall of the pipeline, and the signals at the sampling points 0-300 are disordered, which is called a coupling section. At the sampling point 600-900, the ultrasonic signal is reflected by the inner wall surface of the pipeline, and the ultrasonic signal is called wall surface echo band. At the sampling point 1000-7000, the ultrasonic signal is reflected by the gas-liquid interface in the pipeline, and the ultrasonic signal is called an interface echo band.
Extracting the wave crest and wave trough amplitude values of the wall surface echo band of the empty pipe reference signal, namely the 1 st wave crest amplitude value, the 2 nd wave crest amplitude value and the 1 st wave trough amplitude value and the 2 nd wave trough amplitude value, and respectively marking as follows: a empty-peak-1、Aempty-peak-2、Aempty-valley-1、Aempty-valley-2. In this example, the amplitudes of 1000 hollow tube reference signal extractions are averaged.
Step three: amplitude information of the full pipe reference signal is extracted.
Extracting the wave crest and wave trough amplitude values of the wall surface echo band of the full-pipe reference signal, and marking the 1 st wave crest and the 2 nd wave trough amplitude values as: a full-peak-1、Afull-peak-2、Afull-valley-1、Afull-valley-2. The maximum value of all wave peaks of the wall surface echo band of the full-pipe reference signal is extracted and is marked as A full-peak-max, the minimum value of all wave trough values is marked as A full-valley-min, and the amplitude range of the full-pipe reference signal is calculated and is marked as A full. In this embodiment, the amplitudes extracted from the 1000 full-pipe reference signals are averaged and calculated using formula (1):
Afull＝Afull-peak-max-Afull-valley-min (1)
Step four: amplitude information of the measurement signal is extracted.
Extracting the 1 st and the 2 nd wave crest amplitude values and the 1 st and the 2 nd wave trough amplitude values of the wall surface echo band of 1 measuring signal, and respectively marking as: a test-peak-1、Atest-peak-2、Atest-valley-1、Atest-valley-2. Extracting the maximum value of all wave peaks of the wall surface echo band of the measuring signal, which is marked as A test-peak-max, and the minimum value of all wave troughs, which is marked as A test-valley-min, calculating the amplitude range of the measuring signal, which is marked as A test, and calculating by using the formula (2):
Atest＝Atest-peak-max-Atest-valley-min (2)
Step five: analysis and judgment 1.
Comparing the current measurement signal amplitude range A test with the full pipe reference signal amplitude range A full, and if A test≤Afull, marking the current liquid plug area as 1; if A test>Afull, continuing to perform the analysis and judgment in the step six.
Step six: analysis and judgment 2.
The error between the 2 nd peak value A test-peak-2 of the current measurement signal and the 2 nd peak value A empty-peak-2 of the air-tube reference signal is calculated and is marked as e 4-empty, and is calculated by using the formula (3):
The error between the 2 nd peak value a test-peak-2 of the measurement signal and the 2 nd peak value a full-peak-2 of the full pipe reference signal, denoted as e 4-full, is calculated using equation (4):
Comparing e 4-empty with e 4-full, if e 4-full≤e4-empty, then marking 1 as representing the current liquid plug area; if e 4-full>e4-empty, the analysis and judgment in the step seven are continued.
Step seven: and 3, analyzing and judging.
The error of the 2 nd valley value a test-valley-2 of the current measurement signal, denoted as e 3, is calculated using equation (5):
If e 3 is less than or equal to 40%, the current liquid plug area is represented, and the mark is 1; if e 3 is more than or equal to 60%, the current liquid film area is represented, and the mark is 0; if 40% < e 3 <60%, continuing to perform the analysis and judgment of the step eight.
Step eight: and 4, analyzing and judging.
The error of the 1 st peak value a test-peak-1 of the current measurement signal, denoted e 2, is calculated using equation (6):
The error of the 1 st valley value A test-valley-1 of the measurement signal, denoted as e 1, is calculated using equation (7):
If e 2 is less than or equal to 10% and e 1 is less than or equal to 10%, the liquid stopper is currently positioned in the liquid stopper area, and the mark is 1; otherwise, it represents that it is in the liquid film area and is marked as 0.
Step nine: the analysis and drawing were repeated.
After the analysis of the current measurement signal is completed, repeating the steps four to nine for the next measurement signal until the analysis and judgment are completed for 10000 measurement signals, and obtaining a vector with length of 10000, wherein the vector is composed of 0 and 1, 0 represents a liquid film area, and 1 represents a liquid plug area. This vector is called the slug structure identification result vector, which is drawn as shown in fig. 3.
On the basis of clearly identifying the slug flow structure, the calculation of the liquid plug frequency and the liquid plug length can be further completed. If two ultrasonic transducers are arranged at the upper and lower sides along the flow direction and data acquisition is carried out at the same time, and the upper and lower sides data are respectively analyzed and judged to obtain the upstream and downstream slug flow structure identification result vectors, and the calculation of the liquid plug moving speed can be further completed on the basis.
In order to verify the accuracy of identifying the slug flow structure by the method, the liquid phase volume flow Q l＝1.4m3/h and the gas phase volume flow Q g＝10.6m3/h (working condition 1) are obtained by analyzing the slug flow structure by a video method; q l＝0.7m3/h, gas phase volume flow Q g＝10.6m3/h (working condition 2) and liquid phase volume flow Q l＝2.1m3/h, gas phase volume flow Q g＝17.6m3/h (working condition 3), and a total of 3 working conditions are subjected to comparison experiments, and comparison results are as follows:
Under the condition of working condition 1, as can be seen from fig. 4, a liquid plug appears in 1 frame, which is from 3 seconds 22 frames to 3 seconds 23 frames, the frame rate of the shot video is 60 frames/second, and the phenomenon that the identification result of the slug flow structure changes from 0 to 1 in the time period of 3.366s to 3.382s is seen through conversion. The liquid plug shown in fig. 4 can be detected by an upstream ultrasonic transducer, and the method according to the invention analyzes the measurement signal received by the upstream ultrasonic transducer, and the result shows that the plug flow structure identification result is changed from 0 to 1 in the period 3.368s to 3.369s, and the result accords with the result displayed by the video, so that the method according to the invention can be effectively and correctly demonstrated. The flow structure within 10s is identified by the method of the invention, and compared with the result obtained by video analysis, as shown in figure 5, the flow structure and the result have higher consistency.
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the results of the method of the present invention with the results of the video analysis under conditions 2 and 3. From the identification result of the slug flow structure in the whole 10s, the two methods have better consistency, each incoming liquid plug area and each liquid film area can be accurately identified, but the difference between the two methods in capturing the jump time of 0 and 1 is found, which is mainly related to the insufficient frame rate of the shot video and the image post-processing method.
Claims (1)
1. A method for identifying a slug flow structure based on ultrasonic technology, using an ultrasonic measurement system comprising: an ultrasonic excitation device and a spontaneous self-receiving ultrasonic transducer; the ultrasonic transducer is fixed at the top of the horizontal pipeline in a wall-mounted mode, the ultrasonic excitation device is used for providing ultrasonic excitation electric signals, the ultrasonic transducer is excited to emit ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves are received by the ultrasonic transducer after being reflected by an interface and are converted into electric signals to be collected, and the method for identifying the slug flow structure comprises the following steps:
Step one, the received signal at each excitation of the ultrasound transducer is divided into three parts: the coupling section, the wall surface echo section and the interface echo section are used for selecting data acquired by the wall surface echo section for processing;
collecting a receiving signal of an ultrasonic transducer under the condition that a pipeline is filled with air, namely an empty pipe reference signal, extracting each peak and trough amplitude of a wall surface echo band of the empty pipe reference signal, averaging the empty pipe reference signal collected in a period of time, and respectively marking the 1st peak amplitude average value, the 2 nd peak amplitude average value and the 1st trough amplitude average value and the 2 nd trough amplitude average value as: a empty-peak-1、Aempty-peak-2、Aempty-valley-1、Aempty-valley-2;
Collecting receiving signals of an ultrasonic transducer under the condition that the pipeline is full of water, namely, full-pipe reference signals, extracting the wave crest and wave trough amplitude values of wall surface echo bands of the full-pipe reference signals, averaging the full-pipe reference signals collected in a period of time, and respectively marking the amplitude average value of the 1 st wave crest, the 2 nd wave crest and the amplitude average value of the 1 st wave trough and the 2 nd wave trough as follows: a full-peak-1、Afull-peak-2、Afull-valley-1、Afull-valley -2; extracting the maximum value of all wave peaks of the wall surface echo band of the full-pipe reference signal, namely A full-peak-max, and the minimum value of all wave trough values, namely A full-valley-min, and calculating the amplitude range A full＝Afull-peak-max-Afull-valley-min of the full-pipe reference signal;
Step two, under the condition that a slug flow type is presented in the pipeline, collecting a receiving signal when the ultrasonic transducer is excited each time, namely a measuring signal; for each excitation, extracting the wave crest and wave trough amplitude values of the wall surface echo band of the measurement signal, namely the 1 st wave crest amplitude value, the 2 nd wave crest amplitude value and the 1 st wave trough amplitude value and the 2 nd wave trough amplitude value, which are respectively recorded as: a test-peak-1、Atest-peak-2、Atest-valley-1、Atest-valley-2; extracting the maximum value of all wave peaks of a wall surface echo band of the measuring signal, namely A test-peak-max, extracting the minimum value of all wave trough values, namely A test-valley-min, and calculating the amplitude range A test＝Atest-peak-max-Atest-valley-min of the measuring signal;
Step three, comparing the amplitude range A test of the measurement signal with the amplitude range A full of the full pipe reference signal, and if A test≤Afull, marking the current liquid plug area as 1; if A test＞Afull, continuing to analyze and judge in the fourth step;
Step four: the error between the 2 nd peak value A test-peak-2 of the measurement signal and the 2 nd peak value A empty-peak-2 of the empty pipe reference signal is calculated and is marked as e 4-empty, and the calculation formula is as follows:
The error between the 2 nd peak value A test-peak-2 of the measurement signal and the 2 nd peak value A full-peak-2 of the full pipe reference signal is calculated and is marked as e 4-full, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Comparing e 4-empty with e 4-full, if e 4-full≤e4-empty, then marking 1 as representing the current liquid plug area; if e 4-full＞e4-empty, continuing to analyze and judge in the fifth step;
Step five: the error of the 2 nd valley value A test-valley-2 of the measurement signal is calculated and recorded as e 3, and the calculation formula is as follows:
If e 3 is less than or equal to 40%, the current liquid plug area is represented, and the mark is 1; if e 3 is more than or equal to 60%, the current liquid film area is represented, and the mark is 0; if the e 3 is more than 40% and less than 60%, continuing to analyze and judge in the step six;
Step six: the error of the 1 st peak value A test-peak-1 of the measurement signal is calculated and recorded as e 2, and the calculation formula is as follows:
The error of the 1 st valley value A test-valley-1 of the measurement signal is calculated and recorded as e 1, and the calculation formula is as follows:
If e 2 is less than or equal to 10% and e 1 is less than or equal to 10%, the liquid stopper is currently positioned in the liquid stopper area, and the mark is 1; otherwise, the current liquid film area is represented, and the mark is 0;
Step seven: repeating the steps three to six for the measurement signals received by multiple excitation, arranging the analysis results according to the measurement time sequence, and obtaining a vector consisting of 0 and 1, wherein 0 represents a liquid film area, 1 represents a liquid plug area, and the vector is called as a slug flow structure identification result vector, namely the identification of the slug flow structure is completed.
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