CN115824108A - Waveguide rod and ultrasonic monitoring equipment - Google Patents
Waveguide rod and ultrasonic monitoring equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115824108A CN115824108A CN202310145694.7A CN202310145694A CN115824108A CN 115824108 A CN115824108 A CN 115824108A CN 202310145694 A CN202310145694 A CN 202310145694A CN 115824108 A CN115824108 A CN 115824108A
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Abstract
The invention provides a waveguide rod which is an elongated rod with a rectangular cross section and is provided with two oppositely arranged first surfaces and two oppositely arranged second surfaces, wherein at least one pair of oppositely arranged grooves is formed in the oppositely arranged first surfaces of the waveguide rod. The surface of the waveguide rod is provided with the groove, so that when ultrasonic waves are transmitted in the waveguide rod, interference waves are reflected back by the groove, and the interference waves are prevented from reaching the to-be-measured piece or the transceiver to generate interference.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing, in particular to a waveguide rod and ultrasonic monitoring equipment comprising the same.
Background
In the petroleum and petrochemical industry, a transmission medium in a pipeline can continuously impact a pipe wall in the flowing process, so that the corrosion inside the pipe wall is accelerated. Excessive corrosion will cause the weak part to break and cause leakage, and may even cause serious safety accidents such as explosion. The occurrence probability of events such as pipeline leakage and the like can be reduced by periodically measuring the thickness of the pipeline wall in an ultrasonic nondestructive testing mode.
The conventional ultrasonic detection technology cannot meet the requirement of online monitoring of the wall thickness of the high-temperature pipeline, mainly because the sensor cannot bear high temperature for a long time, and the sensor cannot be applied to high-temperature occasions. The high-temperature pipeline online monitoring system of the conventional ultrasonic detection technology can only be used in a scene where the temperature of the pipeline is lower than 300 ℃, the core is to solve the problem that the sensor cannot be applied to high temperature in order to realize online monitoring of the wall thickness of the high-temperature pipeline with the temperature of more than 300 ℃, and the waveguide technology is a reasonable solution for solving the problem.
The design idea of the ultrasonic online monitoring system based on the waveguide technology is to place the circuit and the sensor part at a position far away from a high-temperature pipeline, and the sound wave is transmitted into the pipeline through the waveguide. However, in order to keep the temperature of the circuit and sensor parts as low as possible, the waveguide needs to be made long, and the ultrasonic waves form guided waves in the waveguide. The dispersion and multi-modal phenomena are two characteristic physical phenomena of guided waves, which may lead to the following consequences: the ultrasonic echo sound wave is wider, and the measurement precision is low; (2) The ultrasonic echo has more clutter and is impure, so that the end face echo is difficult to determine and identify, and the ultrasonic echo is not available; and (3) the measurable thickness range is small. Therefore, in order to complete an ultrasonic online monitoring system based on the waveguide technology, dispersion and multi-modal phenomena are difficult problems which must be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a waveguide rod and ultrasonic monitoring equipment, wherein the waveguide rod is provided with a groove, when a certain ultrasonic frequency is set, the product of the ultrasonic frequency and the width of the waveguide rod (the width-thickness ratio is more than or equal to 1) is higher than 12 MHz-mm, the frequency dispersion is small, and the generated modal wave with large interference to the ultrasonic wave mainly exists at the edge of the waveguide rod, when the ultrasonic wave is transmitted, the groove can reflect the interference wave at the edge of the waveguide rod to the starting point of ultrasonic wave transmission, so that the interference wave is prevented from being transmitted to a piece to be detected, and the problems of frequency dispersion and multi-mode existing in the prior art by using a waveguide technology are solved.
In order to achieve one of the above objects, an embodiment of the present invention provides a waveguide rod, which is an elongated rod with a rectangular cross section and has two first surfaces disposed opposite to each other and two second surfaces disposed opposite to each other, wherein the waveguide rod is provided with at least one pair of grooves disposed opposite to each other on the first surfaces disposed opposite to each other.
As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, the width of the first surface is ≦ the width of the second surface.
As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, the groove extends to the opposite second surface in a width direction of the first surface.
As a further improvement of one embodiment of the invention, the depth of the groove is 1 to 5mm, the width of the groove in the length direction of the waveguide rod is 1 to 50mm, and at least one pair of the grooves is concentrated within 1/2 of the distance from one end of the waveguide rod in the length direction.
As a further improvement of one embodiment of the invention, the grooves are provided with 1 to 10 pairs, and the distance between the adjacent grooves is 0 to 200mm.
The invention further provides a waveguide rod which is an elongated rod with a rectangular cross section and is provided with two oppositely arranged first surfaces and two oppositely arranged second surfaces, the width of each first surface is smaller than or equal to that of each second surface, each second surface at least comprises two different widths, and the two oppositely arranged first surfaces are symmetrically arranged.
As a further improvement of the embodiment of the present invention, a first rod portion having a first width with a constant width and a second rod portion having a second width with a constant width are included on the second surface, and the first width is larger than the second width.
In a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, a width of the second surface gradually increases or decreases from both ends of the waveguide rod to a middle portion in a longitudinal direction of the waveguide rod.
The invention further provides ultrasonic monitoring equipment, which comprises a transceiver, an ultrasonic sensor and a waveguide rod, wherein the transceiver, the ultrasonic sensor and the waveguide rod are sequentially connected, the waveguide rod is the waveguide rod, one end of the waveguide rod, which is close to the ultrasonic sensor, is a top end, and the other end of the waveguide rod, which is far away from the ultrasonic sensor, is a bottom end.
As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, the waveguide rod is divided into a transmitting waveguide rod and a receiving waveguide rod, the groove on the transmitting waveguide rod is close to the bottom end, and the groove on the receiving waveguide rod is close to the top end.
As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasonic sensor is a piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor or an electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor.
As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, when the ultrasonic sensor is an electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor, the ultrasonic sensor includes a magnet, a coil and a transduction enhancing material, and the transduction enhancing material is used for enhancing the transduction efficiency of the electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor.
As a further improvement of one embodiment of the invention, the transduction enhancing material is attached to the top end of the waveguide rod by means of a spraying or bonding process.
One or more technical schemes provided by the invention at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
the symmetrically arranged grooves are formed in the waveguide rod, when the product of the frequency of the excited ultrasonic wave and the width of the waveguide rod is higher than 12 MHz-mm, the frequency dispersion is small, the generated modal waves with large interference to the ultrasonic wave mainly exist at the edge of the waveguide rod, the symmetrically arranged grooves can enable the modal waves with large interference to return to the initial end of ultrasonic wave transmission through reflection, the modal waves with large interference are prevented from being transmitted to the transmission terminal of the waveguide rod, the interference to the ultrasonic wave is avoided, and meanwhile, the waves with other modes can be prevented from generating other interference to the ultrasonic wave in the waveguide rod.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic monitoring apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a launch waveguide assembly in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving waveguide rod in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another waveguide rod in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another waveguide rod in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of ultrasonic waves measured using a waveguide rod having the same shape as the waveguide rod in an embodiment of the invention, but without grooves.
FIG. 7 is a graphical representation of ultrasonic waves measured using a waveguide rod in an embodiment of the present invention.
1. A waveguide rod; 11. a first surface; 111. a groove; 12. a second surface; 13. a first rod-shaped portion; 14. a second rod-shaped portion; 15. a transmitting waveguide rod; 16. receiving a waveguide rod; 17. a transduction enhancing material; 2. an ultrasonic sensor; 3. a transceiver device; 4. a fixing member; 5. and (5) a piece to be tested.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As used herein, terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, denote the relative position in space, and are used for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. The spatially relative positional terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a waveguide rod 1 for ultrasonic monitoring equipment, wherein as shown in fig. 1, the ultrasonic monitoring equipment comprises a transceiver 3, an ultrasonic sensor 2 and a waveguide rod 1 which are sequentially connected, and one end of the waveguide rod 1, which is far away from the ultrasonic sensor 2, is fixed on a to-be-detected piece 5 through a fixing piece 4. The end of the waveguide rod 1 close to the ultrasonic sensor 2 is the top end, and the end far away from the ultrasonic sensor 2 is the bottom end. Accordingly, the embodiment of the present invention further provides an ultrasonic monitoring apparatus having the waveguide rod 1.
The waveguide rod 1 is an elongated rod with a rectangular cross section, and has two first surfaces 11 and two second surfaces 12, which are opposite to each other, and at least one pair of grooves 111 is formed in the first surfaces 11 of the waveguide rod 1.
Specifically, the width of the first surface 11 is less than or equal to the width of the second surface 12, that is, the groove 111 is opened on the surface with smaller width, or, when the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 are respectively a thickness surface and a width surface, and the width-thickness ratio is greater than or equal to 1, the groove 111 is opened on the thickness surface.
Preferably, the groove 111 extends to the opposite second surface 12 in the width direction of the first surface 11, as shown in fig. 2 and 3.
Further, 1 to 10 pairs of grooves 111 can be provided, wherein the depth of the grooves 111 is 1 to 5mm, the width of the grooves 111 is 1 to 50mm in the longitudinal direction of the waveguide rod 1, the distance between the adjacent grooves 111 is 0 to 200mm, the grooves 111 on the waveguide rod 1 are concentrated within 1/2 of the length extending from one end of the waveguide rod 1 to the other end, or the grooves 111 on the waveguide rod 1 are concentrated within a half length range of the waveguide rod 1.
As a result of the research by the inventors of the present application, when the waveguide rod 1 is designed in a plate shape, when the product of the ultrasonic frequency and the width of the waveguide rod 1 (the width of the aforementioned width surface) is large (the product of the frequency width is not less than 12MHz · mm) and the vibration direction of the ultrasonic wave is the width of the waveguide rod 1 (the width of the aforementioned width surface), the type of the guided wave is SH-like guided wave, the frequency dispersion of the SH-like guided wave is small, and the interference wave mainly existing in the waveguide rod 1 is 0 th order mode wave, which is mainly concentrated on the edge of the waveguide rod 1, and the propagation speed of the 0 th order mode wave is slow. Therefore, the invention solves the influence of the dispersion of guided waves and multi-modal phenomenon on ultrasonic monitoring by improving the edge structure of the plate-shaped waveguide rod 1. The waveguide rod 1 can be used for transmitting ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic sensor 2 and receiving ultrasonic waves reflected by the workpiece 5 and transmitting the ultrasonic waves back to the ultrasonic sensor 2, so that the waveguide rod 1 can be divided into a transmitting waveguide rod 15 and a receiving waveguide rod 16.
The ends of the transmitting waveguide rod 15 and the receiving waveguide rod 16 close to the ultrasonic sensor 2 are called top ends, and the ends far away from the ultrasonic sensor 2 are called bottom ends. The groove 111 on the transmitting waveguide rod 15 is close to the bottom end and is concentrated in the half length range of the transmitting waveguide rod 15 close to the bottom end; the grooves 111 on the receive waveguide rod 16 are near the tip and are centered within one-half of the length of the receive waveguide rod 16 near the tip.
When the ultrasonic wave propagates in emission wave guide 15, the direction of propagation is from the top that is close to 2 one end of ultrasonic sensor to the bottom that is close to 5 one end that awaits measuring, and recess 111 sets up the position for being close to the bottom, promptly, makes the ultrasonic wave reflect the top with the interference wave at wave guide 1 edge when being close to 5 that awaits measuring, makes the interference wave be difficult to propagate to 5 that awaits measuring. The ultrasonic wave propagates and reflects back and receives wave guide 16 in waiting to measure a 5, and when the ultrasonic wave was propagated in receiving wave guide 16, the direction of propagation was for being close to the bottom of waiting to measure a 5 one end to the top that is close to ultrasonic sensor 2 one end, and recess 111 sets up the position for being close to the top, promptly, makes the ultrasonic wave when being close to ultrasonic sensor 2, will produce in the marginal interfering wave reflection of wave guide 1 back bottom, makes the interfering wave be difficult to be received by transceiver 3, avoids interfering wave signal to produce the influence.
Fig. 6 and 7 show ultrasonic wave patterns obtained by measuring carbon steel with a thickness of 100mm under the same experimental conditions after the waveguide rods 1 formed before and after the plate-shaped waveguide rods with the same shape are slotted in the ultrasonic monitoring device, respectively, as can be seen by comparing fig. 6 with fig. 7, many clutter are added in fig. 6, and the slotted waveguide rods 1 reflect interference waves formed in the ultrasonic wave propagation process back to the starting end of the ultrasonic wave propagation (the starting end of the transmitted waveguide rod 15 is an ultrasonic wave transmitting device, and the starting end of the received waveguide rod 16 is a to-be-measured piece 5), so that the interference waves cannot propagate to reach the to-be-measured piece 5 or the ultrasonic wave receiving device, and the waves received by the ultrasonic wave receiving device have no clutter as shown in fig. 7.
Further, the ultrasonic sensor 2 may be a piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor or an electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor. When the ultrasonic sensor 2 is an electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor, the ultrasonic sensor comprises a magnet, a coil and a transduction reinforcing material 17, wherein the transduction reinforcing material 17 is attached to the top end of the waveguide rod 1 by means of a spraying or bonding process and is used for reinforcing the transduction efficiency of the electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor.
When the transduction enhancing material 17 is based on the magnetostrictive principle to enhance the transduction efficiency, it is necessary to satisfy at least one of the following conditions: the saturated magnetostriction coefficient is more than 10ppm; the ratio of the saturation magnetostriction coefficient to the magnetic field intensity is more than 0.05ppm/Oe; the relative magnetic permeability is less than 200. Preferably, the transduction enhancing material 17 can be at least one of terbium dysprosium iron, nickel, iron-cobalt alloy and ferroferric oxide.
When the transduction enhancing material 17 enhances the transduction efficiency based on the Lorentz force principle, the requirement that the product of the density and the shear modulus is less than or equal to 100GPa g/cm is met 3 Preferably, the transduction enhancing material 17 is preferably aluminum.
The embodiment of the invention also provides another waveguide rod 1 for the ultrasonic monitoring equipment, wherein the waveguide rod 1 is an elongated rod with a rectangular cross section and is provided with two oppositely arranged first surfaces 11 and two oppositely arranged second surfaces 12, the width of the first surfaces 11 is less than or equal to that of the second surfaces 12, the second surfaces 12 at least comprise two different widths, and the two oppositely arranged first surfaces are symmetrically arranged.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the waveguide rod 1 includes a first rod 13 and a second rod 14, the first rod 13 has a first width with a constant width on the second surface 12, the second rod 14 has a second width with a constant width, and the first width is greater than the second width.
In the present embodiment, there are two first rod-shaped portions 13, one second rod-shaped portion 14 is provided, and two first rod-shaped portions 13 are respectively provided at both ends of the second rod-shaped portion 14. Of course, the present invention is not limited to the number of the first rod-shaped portion 13 and the second rod-shaped portion 14, and the first rod-shaped portion 13 and the second rod-shaped portion 14 may be provided in this order.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the width of the second surface 12 gradually increases or decreases from the two ends of the waveguide rod 1 to the middle in the longitudinal direction of the waveguide rod 1. The width of the second surface 12 is gradually increased in fig. 4, and the width of the second surface 12 is gradually decreased in fig. 5.
Both end surfaces of the second surface 12 in the width direction are concave or convex, so that the length from the top end to the bottom end of the first surface 11 is longer than the distance from the top end to the bottom end, that is, the path of 0 th order mode wave propagation as interference wave is longer than the path of ultrasonic wave, and because the propagation speed of 0 th order mode wave is very slow, the interference wave and the ultrasonic wave have time difference when reaching the piece to be measured 5 and the ultrasonic sensor 2, the transceiver 3 can only select ultrasonic signals in corresponding time during monitoring, and the influence of the interference wave on the ultrasonic wave on-line monitoring is avoided.
It should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment contains only a single technical solution, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should make the description as a whole, and the technical solutions in the embodiments can also be combined appropriately to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. The waveguide rod is characterized by being an elongated rod with a rectangular cross section and provided with two oppositely arranged first surfaces and two oppositely arranged second surfaces, and at least one pair of oppositely arranged grooves are formed in the oppositely arranged first surfaces of the waveguide rod.
2. The waveguide rod of claim 1, wherein the width of the first surface is ≦ the width of the second surface.
3. The waveguide rod of claim 1, wherein the groove extends along a width of the first surface to the opposing second surface.
4. The waveguide rod according to claim 3, wherein the depth of the grooves is 1 to 5mm, the width of the grooves is 1 to 50mm in the length direction of the waveguide rod, and at least one pair of the grooves is concentrated within 1/2 of the distance from one end of the waveguide rod in the length direction.
5. The waveguide rod according to claim 4, wherein the grooves are provided in 1 to 10 pairs, and the distance between adjacent grooves is 0 to 200mm.
6. The waveguide rod is characterized in that the waveguide rod is an elongated rod with a rectangular cross section and is provided with two oppositely arranged first surfaces and two oppositely arranged second surfaces, the width of each first surface is smaller than or equal to that of each second surface, each second surface at least comprises two different widths, and the two oppositely arranged first surfaces are symmetrically arranged.
7. The waveguide rod of claim 6 comprising a first rod portion having a first width of constant width and a second rod portion having a second width of constant width on the second surface, the first width being greater than the second width.
8. The waveguide rod of claim 6, wherein the width of the second surface gradually increases or decreases from both ends to a middle portion of the waveguide rod in the longitudinal direction of the waveguide rod.
9. An ultrasonic monitoring device is characterized by comprising a transceiver, an ultrasonic sensor and a waveguide rod which are sequentially connected, wherein the waveguide rod is the waveguide rod in any one of claims 1 to 5, one end of the waveguide rod, which is close to the ultrasonic sensor, is a top end, and the other end of the waveguide rod, which is far away from the ultrasonic sensor, is a bottom end.
10. The ultrasonic monitoring device of claim 9, wherein the waveguide rod is divided into a transmit waveguide rod and a receive waveguide rod, the groove on the transmit waveguide rod being near the bottom end and the groove on the receive waveguide rod being near the top end.
11. The ultrasonic monitoring device of claim 10, wherein the ultrasonic sensor is a piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor or an electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor.
12. The ultrasonic monitoring device of claim 11, wherein the ultrasonic sensor is an electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor comprising a magnet, a coil and a transduction enhancing material for enhancing the transduction efficiency of the electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor.
13. The ultrasonic monitoring device of claim 12, wherein the transduction enhancing material is attached to the tip of the waveguide rod by means of a spraying or bonding process.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310145694.7A CN115824108B (en) | 2023-02-22 | 2023-02-22 | Waveguide rod and ultrasonic monitoring device |
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| CN202310145694.7A CN115824108B (en) | 2023-02-22 | 2023-02-22 | Waveguide rod and ultrasonic monitoring device |
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| CN115824108A true CN115824108A (en) | 2023-03-21 |
| CN115824108B CN115824108B (en) | 2023-05-05 |
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Cited By (1)
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| RU2817799C1 (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2024-04-22 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственная организация "Энигма" (ООО "НПО "Энигма") | Method of ultrasonic non-destructive testing |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN115824108B (en) | 2023-05-05 |
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