CN115821091B - Aluminum alloy preparation method and aluminum alloy casting device - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy preparation method and aluminum alloy casting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115821091B CN115821091B CN202211602754.5A CN202211602754A CN115821091B CN 115821091 B CN115821091 B CN 115821091B CN 202211602754 A CN202211602754 A CN 202211602754A CN 115821091 B CN115821091 B CN 115821091B
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001371 Er alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017706 MgZn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
An aluminum alloy preparation method and an aluminum alloy casting device are provided, and the aluminum alloy casting device comprises a feeding piece, wherein a slag blocking piece is arranged at the discharge end of the feeding piece, a casting piece is arranged at the discharge end of the feeding piece, a central cooling mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the casting piece, and a cooling piece is arranged at the lower end of the casting piece; in addition, the aluminum alloy is prepared by the preparation method, wherein the mass fraction of silicon is 0.70-0.75, the mass fraction of iron is 0.15-0.2, the mass fraction of copper is 0.33-0.38, the mass fraction of magnesium is 0.95-1.0, the mass fraction of chromium is 0.20-0.25, the mass fraction of zinc is 0.18-0.23, the mass fraction of zirconium is 0.01-0.05, the mass fraction of titanium is 0.05-0.10, the mass fraction of erbium is 0.01-0.04, and the mass fraction of aluminum is the balance. According to the invention, the aluminum alloy casting device can make the grain sizes of the central part and the edge part of the aluminum bar uniform and fine, so that the aluminum alloy is subjected to fine grain strengthening in a processing mode, and the quality of the aluminum alloy is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to an aluminum alloy preparation method and an aluminum alloy casting device.
Background
After the existing aluminum alloy is cast, the problems of coarse internal grains and smaller edge grains exist, and the existence of the problems affects the strength of the aluminum alloy, and meanwhile, the phenomenon of cracking easily occurs in the extrusion deformation process, so that the plasticity of the aluminum alloy is still to be improved. At present, when aluminum alloy which is easy to heat treatment and extrusion deformation is cast and formed, aluminum alloy in a molten state is cast into an aluminum rod through a die, a plurality of water spray holes are formed in the periphery of the die in a cooling mode which is frequently adopted in casting, cooling water is sprayed onto the aluminum rod through the water spray holes to cool the outer side of the aluminum rod, and the cooling mode leads to excessive growth of crystal grains in the aluminum rod, so that the strength in the aluminum rod is lower, and the residual stress in the aluminum rod is increased by the cooling mode, so that a series of influences are brought to heat treatment and extrusion deformation. The aluminum alloy prepared by adopting the conventional technical means has more impurities, so that the quality of the aluminum alloy is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an aluminum alloy preparation method and an aluminum alloy casting device, which are used for solving the defects in the prior art, can ensure that the grain sizes of the central part and the edge part of an aluminum rod are uniform and small, form more strengthening phases through the component design of the aluminum alloy, improve the strength of products, greatly reduce the impurity content in the aluminum alloy and have stronger practicability.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the following techniques are proposed:
in one aspect, a method for preparing an aluminum alloy is provided, comprising the steps of:
step 01, charging, namely adding aluminum alloy scraps into a smelting furnace, and then adding an aluminum ingot, a copper intermediate alloy and a silicon intermediate alloy;
step 02, heating and smelting until aluminum ingots are melted, adding an iron intermediate alloy, a chromium intermediate alloy, an erbium intermediate alloy and a zirconium intermediate alloy into molten aluminum, adding magnesium ingots and zinc ingots into the molten aluminum after the iron intermediate alloy, the chromium intermediate alloy and the zirconium intermediate alloy are melted, and melting the magnesium ingots and the zinc ingots;
and step 03, refining, namely refining the molten liquid for 20min through chlorine, and scraping out aluminum slag during refining.
And 04, standing, namely heating the refined melt to 720 ℃, and standing for 20min.
And 05, casting and forming, namely heating the solution after standing to 720 ℃, and carrying out casting and forming operation on an aluminum rod through an aluminum alloy casting device to obtain aluminum alloy of silicon, iron, copper, magnesium, chromium, zinc, zirconium, titanium, erbium and aluminum, wherein the mass fraction of the silicon is 0.70-0.75, the mass fraction of the iron is 0.15-0.2, the mass fraction of the copper is 0.33-0.38, the mass fraction of the magnesium is 0.95-1.0, the mass fraction of the chromium is 0.20-0.25, the mass fraction of the zinc is 0.18-0.23, the mass fraction of the zirconium is 0.01-0.05, the mass fraction of the titanium is 0.05-0.10, the mass fraction of the erbium is 0.01-0.04, and the mass fraction of the aluminum is the balance.
On the other hand, the aluminum alloy casting device comprises a feeding piece, wherein a slag blocking piece is arranged at the discharge end of the feeding piece, a casting piece is arranged at the discharge end of the feeding piece, a central cooling mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the casting piece, and a cooling piece is arranged at the lower end of the casting piece;
the casting piece comprises a feeding block, a through hole is formed in the feeding block, a U-shaped feeding hole is formed in one side of the through hole in a communicating manner, a middle block is arranged at the lower end of the feeding block, a liquid storage hole is formed in the middle block, a conical hole is formed in the lower end of the liquid storage hole, a small end is arranged at the lower end of the conical hole, a blanking hole is formed in the lower end of the middle block, a forming block is arranged at the lower end of the forming block, a crystallization hole is formed in the forming block, the liquid storage hole is communicated with the through hole, the liquid storage hole is equal to the through hole in size, the blanking hole is communicated with the crystallization hole, the blanking hole is equal to the crystallization hole in size, and the forming block is made of graphite.
The central cooling mechanism is provided with a U-shaped pipe which is vertically arranged, the arc section of the U-shaped pipe extends into the crystallization hole, and the U-shaped pipe is positioned at the central position of the crystallization hole.
Further, the feed piece includes the bottom plate, the feed table is installed to the one end of bottom plate, the mounting panel is installed through a plurality of bolts to the upper end of feed table, the round hole has been seted up to the geometric centre position department of mounting panel, the mounting panel upwards extends to be equipped with and prolong a section of thick bamboo, the feed chute has been seted up to the upper end of feed table, one side of feed table is equipped with the guide, the guide has been seted up on the guide, the root section of guide is the arc structure, and the arc structure is inwards sunken crooked, the root of arc structure communicates in the feed chute, the anterior segment of guide is horizontal form structure, the front end of guide is installed in the feeding piece, the anterior segment of guide communicates in the U-shaped feed inlet.
Further, the feed chute has a hemispherical structure.
Further, the cross section of the guide chute is of a U-shaped structure.
Further, the slag blocking piece comprises a plugboard, the front section of the guide chute is provided with a slot, the plugboard is inserted into the slot, the upper end of the plugboard is symmetrically provided with a pair of limiting upper plates, the limiting upper plates are upwards extended and provided with upper extension convex plates, the upper ends of the upper extension convex plates are hinged with pull rings, and the plugboard is provided with a plurality of leakage holes.
Further, a plurality of slag bars are installed to the upper end of picture peg, and the lower extreme slope downwardly extending of slag bar, and slag bar orientation baffle box's root section sets up.
Further, the central cooling mechanism comprises a pair of risers installed at the upper end of the feeding block, a pair of vertical holes are formed in the risers, a concave part is penetrated in the vertical holes, an installation table is installed on one side of the concave part, a U-shaped part is installed on the installation table, installation protrusions are arranged on the outer wall of the concave part, an inner concave arc groove is formed at the outer side end of each installation protrusion, a horizontal pipe is installed in each U-shaped part, a connector is arranged at the outer side end of each horizontal pipe, the upper ends of the U-shaped pipes are communicated with the corresponding horizontal pipe, the horizontal pipes are located in the inner concave arc groove, an outer plate is installed at the other side of the concave part, a folded plate is installed on the outer plate, a fixing screw rod is arranged at the upper end of the folded plate, a rotating cap is arranged at the outer side end of the fixing screw rod, and a jacking cap is arranged at the inner side end of the fixing screw rod and jacks up on the outer wall of the riser.
Further, the U-shaped tube and the horizontal tube are made of titanium alloy.
Further, the cooling piece is including installing in the cooling water tank of shaping piece lower extreme, and cooling water tank runs through and has seted up the cooling hole in upper and lower wall, and cooling water tank internally mounted has a cooling cylinder, and the cooling water tank intercommunication has the inlet tube, and a plurality of interior lugs are installed to the inner wall of cooling cylinder, and interior lug is triangle-shaped structure, installs the shower nozzle on one of them inclined wall of interior lug, and the shower nozzle communicates in the cooling cylinder.
The technical scheme has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the aluminum alloy casting device can make the grain sizes of the central part and the edge part of the aluminum bar uniform and fine, so that the aluminum alloy is subjected to fine grain strengthening in a processing mode, and the quality of the aluminum alloy is obviously improved.
According to the invention, through the design of the aluminum alloy components, more strengthening phases are formed, so that the strength of the formed product is improved.
The grain diameter of the aluminum casting rod prepared by the method is below 70 mu m, the strengthening phases are more, and the strength and the plasticity of the product extruded later are high.
Drawings
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a perspective structural view of an aluminum alloy casting apparatus.
Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of the feed member.
Figure 3 shows a perspective view of the slag trap.
Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the central cooling mechanism.
Fig. 5 shows a second perspective view of the central cooling mechanism.
Fig. 6 shows a perspective view of the casting.
Fig. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the casting.
Fig. 8 shows a perspective view of the cooling member.
Fig. 9 shows a first microstructure morphology of an aluminum alloy prepared by conventional means to show the grain size of the aluminum alloy.
Fig. 10 shows a microstructure diagram of the central portion of an aluminum alloy prepared by conventional technical means, for displaying the grain size of the aluminum alloy.
FIG. 11 shows a microstructure of an aluminum alloy edge prepared by conventional techniques to show the grain size of the aluminum alloy.
Fig. 12 shows a second microstructure morphology of an aluminum alloy prepared by conventional techniques to show the distribution of the aluminum alloy strengthening phase.
Fig. 13 shows a small multiple grain size image of an aluminum alloy produced using an aluminum alloy casting apparatus.
Fig. 14 shows a grain size image at a large magnification of an aluminum alloy prepared using an aluminum alloy casting apparatus.
Fig. 15 shows the microstructure morphology of the aluminum alloy at the mid-position prepared using the aluminum alloy casting apparatus.
FIG. 16 shows the microstructure morphology at the edge location of an aluminum alloy fabricated using an aluminum alloy casting apparatus.
Fig. 17 shows a polarized image of an aluminum alloy workpiece at a small multiple after extrusion molding.
Fig. 18 shows polarized images of an aluminum alloy workpiece at a large magnification after extrusion molding.
Fig. 19 shows a bright field image of an aluminum alloy workpiece after extrusion.
Fig. 20 shows a tensile strength test curve of an aluminum alloy prepared using an aluminum alloy casting apparatus.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-8, an aluminum alloy casting device comprises a feeding piece 1, wherein a slag blocking piece 2 is arranged at the discharge end of the feeding piece 1, a casting piece 3 is arranged at the discharge end of the feeding piece 1, a central cooling mechanism 4 is arranged at the upper end of the casting piece 3, and a cooling piece 5 is arranged at the lower end of the casting piece 3.
The casting 3 comprises a feeding block 30, a through hole 300 is formed in the feeding block 30, a U-shaped feeding hole 301 is communicated with one side of the through hole 300, a middle block 31 is mounted at the lower end of the feeding block 30, a liquid storage hole 310 is formed in the middle block 31, a conical hole 311 is formed in the lower end of the liquid storage hole 310, the lower end of the conical hole 311 is a small end, a blanking hole 312 is formed in the lower end of the conical hole 311, a forming block 32 is mounted at the lower end of the middle block 31, a crystallization hole 320 is formed in the forming block 32, the liquid storage hole 310 is communicated with the through hole 300, the liquid storage hole 310 is equal to the through hole 300 in size, the blanking hole 312 is communicated with the crystallization hole 320, the blanking hole 312 is equal to the crystallization hole 320, and the forming block 32 is made of graphite. Wherein, the through hole 300, the liquid storage hole 310, the conical hole 311, the blanking hole 312 and the crystallization hole 320 together form an aluminum alloy casting forming runner. Wherein, the setting of through-hole 300 is convenient to carry out the melt and flows into stock solution hole 310 through U-shaped feed inlet 301 to the setting of U-shaped feed inlet 301 can avoid the melt when flowing, and the phenomenon that the melt splashes outward appears, and then improves the security when casting. The tapered holes 311 provide enough space for the melt to enter the crystallization holes 320 through the blanking holes 312 more easily, and the crystallization holes 320 provide pre-solidification of the melt. The forming block 32 is made of graphite, so that heat dissipation is facilitated, alloy forming is promoted, heat at the upper end is prevented from being transferred to the cooling piece 5 at the lower side, and cooling operation during aluminum alloy casting forming is facilitated. The split structure of the feeding block 30, the middle block 31 and the forming block 32 is adopted, so that the connection and the fixation of the components are convenient, and the disassembly and the replacement operations are also convenient. And wherein the feed block 30 and the middle block 31 are made of high temperature resistant materials, which can improve the service life of the casting 3.
The central cooling mechanism 4 is provided with a U-shaped pipe 60 which is vertically arranged, the arc section of the U-shaped pipe 60 extends into the crystallization hole 320, and the U-shaped pipe 60 is positioned at the central position of the crystallization hole 320. Specifically, the central cooling mechanism 4 comprises a pair of risers 40 arranged at the upper end of the feeding block 30, a pair of vertical holes 41 are formed in the risers 40, concave parts 42 penetrate through the vertical holes 41, a mounting table 43 is arranged on one side of each concave part 42, a U-shaped part 44 is arranged on the mounting table 43, mounting protrusions are arranged on the outer walls of the concave parts 42, inner concave arc grooves are formed at the outer side ends of the mounting protrusions, horizontal pipes 61 are arranged in the U-shaped parts 44, connectors 62 are arranged at the outer side ends of the horizontal pipes 61, and one connector 62 is connected to a liquid nitrogen liquid inlet pipe. While another connector 62 is optionally connected to the nitrogen collection component. The upper end of U-shaped pipe 60 communicates with level pipe 61, and level pipe 61 is located the indent arc inslot, and planking 45 is installed to the opposite side of concave part 42, installs folding plate 46 on planking 45, and folding plate 46's upper end is equipped with fixed lead screw 47, and fixed lead screw 47's outside end is equipped with and rotates cap 48, and fixed lead screw 47's inboard end is equipped with the tight cap 49 of top, and tight cap 49 top is tightly in the outer wall of riser 40. The U-shaped tube 60 and the horizontal tube 61 are made of titanium alloy. During adjustment, an operator can rotate the fixed screw rod 47 through the rotating cap 48, so that the tightening cap 49 is tightened on the riser 40, and the fixing operation of the U-shaped pipe 60 is completed.
Wherein, the U-shaped pipe 60 and the horizontal pipe 61 made of seamless titanium pipe are convenient for introducing nitrogen and the like, and simultaneously titanium is adopted, so that the titanium has high melting point, can not be melted in aluminum liquid, and can resist high and low temperature and can not generate supercooling brittleness. The arc section of the U-shaped tube 60 extends into the crystallization hole 320, and when the aluminum alloy is cast, the center of the aluminum alloy can be cooled by nitrogen introduced into the U-shaped tube 60 during casting operation, so that the center of the aluminum alloy and the edge of the aluminum alloy can be cooled synchronously during casting, the grain sizes of the center and the edge of the aluminum alloy are uniform and small during casting forming, and the aluminum alloy is subjected to fine-grain strengthening operation along with the reduction of the grains, and the strength of the aluminum alloy is remarkably improved. Meanwhile, by adopting the basic synchronous cooling mode, the stress in the aluminum alloy can be timely released, so that the strength of the aluminum alloy is improved, and the sizes of the inner crystal grains and the outer crystal grains of the aluminum alloy are uniform, so that the deformation operation of the aluminum alloy is convenient. When the casting is carried out by adopting the conventional means, the cooling speed of the edge part of the aluminum alloy is higher, and the internal cooling speed is lower, so that the latent heat in the aluminum alloy can not be completely released, and the grains at the central part of the aluminum alloy become coarse under the influence of the latent heat, and the strength of the aluminum alloy is influenced by the coarse grains. And the conventional technical means is not easy to release residual stress, so that the residual stress in the aluminum alloy is unbalanced, cracks are easily formed on a formed workpiece when the aluminum alloy is extruded and formed, and certain influence is also caused on the rigidity and the shaping of the aluminum alloy.
The structural design of the central cooling mechanism 4 facilitates the adjustment of the height of the U-shaped pipe 60, and further facilitates the adjustment according to actual production conditions. And also facilitates the connection and fixation of the U-shaped tube 60.
The feeding piece 1 comprises a bottom plate 10, a feeding table 11 is arranged at one end of the bottom plate 10, a mounting plate 12 is arranged at the upper end of the feeding table 11 through a plurality of bolts, a round hole is formed in the geometric center position of the mounting plate 12, an upper extension cylinder 13 is arranged on the mounting plate 12 in an upward extending mode, a feeding groove 14 is formed in the upper end of the feeding table 11, and the feeding groove 14 is of a hemispherical structure. One side of the feeding table 11 is provided with a guide piece 15, the guide piece 15 is provided with a guide groove 150, the root section of the guide groove 150 is of an arc-shaped structure, the arc-shaped structure is concavely bent inwards, the root of the arc-shaped structure is communicated with the feeding groove 14, the front section of the guide groove 150 is of a horizontal structure, the front end of the guide piece 15 is arranged on the feeding block 30, and the front section of the guide groove 150 is communicated with the U-shaped feeding opening 301. The cross section of the guide chute 150 is of a U-shaped structure.
Wherein the feed chute 14 having a hemispherical structure facilitates the flow of the melt through the guide chute 150 into the through-hole 300 and prevents the melt from remaining therein.
Wherein, the cross section is baffle box 150 of U-shaped structure, plays the effect of direction to the flow of melt, adopts U-shaped structural design simultaneously, avoids the melt to take place the phenomenon of splashing when flowing. And in order to facilitate the flow of the melt, the root section of the guide chute 150 is designed to have an arc structure, so that a height difference exists between the front section of the guide chute 150 and the root of the guide chute 150, and the flow of the melt is facilitated.
Wherein, the upper extension cylinder 13 is arranged to avoid the molten metal from splashing when the molten metal is poured in.
The slag blocking part 2 comprises a plugboard 20, a slot 151 is formed in the front section of the guide chute 150, the plugboard 20 is inserted into the slot 151, a pair of limiting upper plates 21 are symmetrically arranged at the upper ends of the plugboard 20, an upper extension convex plate 22 is arranged on the limiting upper plates 21 in an upward extending mode, pull rings 23 are hinged to the upper ends of the upper extension convex plates 22, and a plurality of leakage holes 25 are formed in the plugboard 20. The upper end of the insert plate 20 is provided with a plurality of slag bars 24, the lower ends of the slag bars 24 extend obliquely downwards, and the slag bars 24 are arranged towards the root section of the guide chute 150.
Wherein, be the slag bar 24 that the slope set up and conveniently filter the residue in the melt, avoid massive slag to cause the jam of leak 25, and then conveniently carry out the flow of melt. In this way, the residue in the molten liquid is reduced, and the quality of the molten liquid and the quality of the aluminum alloy are further improved.
Wherein the insert plate 20 and the drain holes 25 are arranged to filter the melt again, thereby further ensuring the quality of the melt.
Wherein, the pull ring 23 is arranged to facilitate the drawing out of the plugboard 20, thereby facilitating the cleaning of residues remained on the outer wall thereof.
The cooling element 5 comprises a cooling water tank 50 arranged at the lower end of the forming block 32, cooling holes are formed in the upper wall and the lower wall of the cooling water tank 50 in a penetrating mode, a cooling cylinder 52 is arranged in the cooling water tank 50, the cooling water tank 50 is communicated with a water inlet pipe 51, a plurality of inner protruding blocks 53 are arranged on the inner wall of the cooling cylinder 52, the inner protruding blocks 53 are of triangular structures, a spray head 54 is arranged on one inclined wall of the inner protruding blocks 53, and the spray head 54 is communicated with the cooling cylinder 52.
The cooling water can be made to act on the aluminum alloy in an inclined manner by the spray head 54 which is designed in an inclined manner, so that the heat dissipation of the aluminum alloy is facilitated.
When the aluminum alloy is cast, the operator injects the molten aluminum alloy into the feed chute 14, so that the molten aluminum alloy flows into the through-hole 300 through the guide chute 150, and when the molten aluminum alloy passes through the slag stopper 2, the molten aluminum alloy is filtered through the slag stopper 24 and the drain hole 25 on the slag stopper 2. The filtered molten liquid finally enters the through hole 300, flows into the liquid storage hole 310 through the through hole 300, is formed in the crystallization hole 320 through the tapered hole 311 and the blanking hole 312, and during casting forming, an operator simultaneously injects liquid nitrogen into the U-shaped pipe 60 and cools the inside of the aluminum alloy through the liquid nitrogen, and the gradually formed aluminum alloy completes cooling by cooling water sprayed from the cooling object 5 when passing through the cooling object 5.
Example 2
A preparation method of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
step 01, charging, namely adding aluminum alloy scraps into a smelting furnace, and then adding an aluminum ingot, a copper intermediate alloy and a silicon intermediate alloy;
and 02, heating and smelting until the aluminum ingot is melted, adding an iron intermediate alloy, a chromium intermediate alloy, an erbium intermediate alloy and a zirconium intermediate alloy into the molten aluminum liquid, adding a magnesium ingot and a zinc ingot into the molten aluminum liquid after the iron intermediate alloy, the chromium intermediate alloy and the zirconium intermediate alloy are melted, and melting the magnesium ingot and the zinc ingot.
And step 03, refining, namely refining the molten liquid for 20min through chlorine, and scraping out aluminum slag during refining.
And 04, standing, namely heating the refined melt to 720 ℃, and standing for 20min.
And step 05, casting and forming, namely heating the solution after standing to 720 ℃, and carrying out casting operation of the aluminum alloy through a conventional casting die. And obtaining the aluminum alloy of the elements of silicon, iron, copper, magnesium, chromium, zinc, zirconium, titanium, erbium and aluminum. Wherein, the mass fraction of silicon is 0.70-0.75, the mass fraction of iron is 0.15-0.2, the mass fraction of copper is 0.33-0.38, the mass fraction of magnesium is 0.95-1.0, the mass fraction of chromium is 0.20-0.25, the mass fraction of zinc is 0.18-0.23, the mass fraction of zirconium is 0.01-0.05, the mass fraction of titanium is 0.05-0.10, the mass fraction of erbium is 0.01-0.04, and the mass fraction of aluminum is the balance.
The aluminum alloy prepared in this way is shown in FIGS. 9 to 12, from which it can be seen that the aluminum alloy prepared by conventional means has a large grain size, and that Al12Mg2Cr and Al formed by adding chromium, zirconium, etc. to the aluminum alloy 3 Zr and the like dispersed particles are located in each crystal grain, and eutectic Al-Si formed is located inside the crystal grain. The other part of Si grows into needle-like or lath-like structures at the edges of the unit cell, and the presence of Si will significantly increase the strength of the aluminum alloy.
Example 3
A preparation method of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
step 01, charging, namely adding aluminum alloy scraps into a smelting furnace, then adding aluminum ingots, copper intermediate alloy and silicon intermediate alloy, wherein the silicon is firstly added to ensure that the silicon is fully diffused in aluminum liquid, and then adding Mg formed by crystallizing magnesium 2 Si can be uniformly distributed in the aluminum liquid.
Step 02, heating and smelting until aluminum ingots are melted, adding an iron intermediate alloy, a chromium intermediate alloy, an erbium intermediate alloy and a zirconium intermediate alloy into molten aluminum, adding magnesium ingots and zinc ingots into the molten aluminum after the iron intermediate alloy, the chromium intermediate alloy and the zirconium intermediate alloy are melted, and melting the magnesium ingots and the zinc ingots; the elements iron and chromium in the intermediate alloy are easy to form a harmful brittle phase with silicon, and the melting point of zinc is lower, if the zinc is added in advance, the loss is easy, and the magnesium is easy to burn and can only be scalded in aluminum liquid. The addition was thus performed in the order of addition in step 01 and step 02. During heating and smelting, the temperature is firstly heated to 700 ℃, then is increased to 700 ℃ again, and the temperature is increased to 720 ℃ for the third time.
And step 03, refining, namely refining the molten liquid for 20min through chlorine, and scraping out aluminum slag during refining.
And 04, standing, namely heating the refined melt to 720 ℃, and standing for 20min.
Step 05, casting and forming, namely heating the solution after standing to 720 ℃, and carrying out casting operation of the aluminum alloy by adopting the aluminum alloy casting device disclosed in the embodiment 1. Obtaining the aluminum alloy of the elements of silicon, iron, copper, magnesium, chromium, zinc, zirconium, titanium, erbium and aluminum. Wherein, the mass fraction of silicon is 0.70-0.75, the mass fraction of iron is 0.15-0.2, the mass fraction of copper is 0.33-0.38, the mass fraction of magnesium is 0.95-1.0, the mass fraction of chromium is 0.20-0.25, the mass fraction of zinc is 0.18-0.23, the mass fraction of zirconium is 0.01-0.05, the mass fraction of titanium is 0.05-0.10, the mass fraction of erbium is 0.01-0.04, and the mass fraction of aluminum is the balance.
The tensile strength of the prepared aluminum alloy is 396MPa, the prescribed plastic elongation strength is 377MPa, the elongation after breaking is 13.0%, and the test curve is shown in FIG. 19. The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy prepared by adopting the conventional means is 205MPa, and the specified plastic extension strength is 228MPa. It is thus seen that the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy, i.e., the plasticity of the aluminum alloy, is improved by the preparation method proposed in the present application.
As shown in fig. 13-14 and fig. 9-10, it is found by comparison that the grain size of the aluminum alloy prepared by the method is significantly smaller than that of the aluminum alloy prepared by conventional technical means under the same magnification.
As can be seen from FIGS. 15-16, the aluminum alloy mainly forms Mg 2 The Si phase forms grains with sharp boundaries between grains, and the primary Si element forms grains with needle-like and flake-like structures between grains, and the grain size is uniform, and the yield strength of polycrystal is inversely proportional to the square root of the grain size according to Hall-Petch relation. It can be seen that when Mg 2 The smaller the Si phase grain size, the greater the yield strength thereof, from Mg 2 The fibrous Si which is biased in the Si crystal grains is subjected to heat treatment and extrusion deformation to Mg 2 The Si grains act as a lubricant, thereby improving the deformability of the aluminum alloy. The added chromium element can form Fe-Cr phase with the iron element in the chromium element, on one hand, the iron pair is reducedThe Fe-Cr phase formed next is used as a hard phase, so that the strength of the alloy is improved. The addition of copper, silicon, magnesium, chromium, zinc and other elements can lead Al to be precipitated in the structure of the aluminum alloy 2 Cu，Mg 5 Si 4 Al 2 ，Mg 2 Si，MgZn 2 And intermetallic compounds that can improve the strength of the aluminum alloy when heated by extrusion. The addition of erbium and rare earth elements into aluminum alloy can obviously improve the structure of the alloy, improve the thermal stability and tensile property of the aluminum alloy, and the addition of trace erbium and zirconium also plays a role in refining grains and improves the recrystallization temperature of the aluminum alloy by about 50 ℃. And in aluminum alloys, it is often referred to as Al 3 In the form of Er particles, while Al 3 Er particles and Al 3 Zr particle structures are all cubic crystal systems, and have the characteristics of high melting point and good stability, when the aluminum alloy is cooled, primary Al 3 Er particles and Al 3 Zr particles are used as the core of heterogeneous nucleation, so that the nucleation rate is improved, and the effect of fine grain strengthening is achieved. Al distributed in fine dispersion at the same time 3 Er particles and Al 3 Zr particles precipitate and strengthen the effect in crystal boundary and crystal. And these fine dispersions of Al during the extrusion deformation heat treatment 3 Er particles and Al 3 The strengthening effect of the substructure of Zr particles greatly improves the strength of the aluminum alloy, as shown in figures 17-18, wherein the Al is dispersed 3 Er particles and Al 3 Zr particles. At the same time, the Al is dispersed 3 Er particles and Al 3 Zr particles play a role in pinning dislocation and subgrain boundary, so that recrystallization can be effectively suppressed and recrystallized grains can be refined. The mechanism of action of the titanium is the same as that of erbium and zirconium, and the titanium plays the same role.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The aluminum alloy casting device is characterized by comprising a feeding piece (1), wherein a slag blocking piece (2) is arranged at the discharge end of the feeding piece (1), a casting piece (3) is arranged at the discharge end of the feeding piece (1), a central cooling mechanism (4) is arranged at the upper end of the casting piece (3), and a cooling piece (5) is arranged at the lower end of the casting piece (3);
the casting (3) comprises a feeding block (30), a through hole (300) is formed in the feeding block (30), one side of the through hole (300) is communicated with a U-shaped feeding hole (301), a middle block (31) is mounted at the lower end of the feeding block (30), a liquid storage hole (310) is formed in the middle block (31), a conical hole (311) is formed in the lower end of the liquid storage hole (310), a small end is arranged at the lower end of the conical hole (311), a blanking hole (312) is formed in the lower end of the conical hole (311), a forming block (32) is mounted at the lower end of the middle block (31), a crystallization hole (320) is formed in the forming block (32), the liquid storage hole (310) is communicated with the through hole (300), the liquid storage hole (310) is equal to the through hole (300), the blanking hole (312) is communicated with the crystallization hole (320), the blanking hole (312) is equal to the crystallization hole (320), and the forming block (32) is made of graphite;
the central cooling mechanism (4) is provided with a U-shaped pipe (60) which is vertically arranged, an arc section of the U-shaped pipe (60) extends into the crystallization hole (320), and the U-shaped pipe (60) is positioned at the central position of the crystallization hole (320);
the feeding piece (1) comprises a bottom plate (10), a feeding table (11) is arranged at one end of the bottom plate (10), a mounting plate (12) is arranged at the upper end of the feeding table (11) through a plurality of bolts, a round hole is formed in the geometric center position of the mounting plate (12), an upper extension cylinder (13) is arranged on the mounting plate (12) in an upward extending mode, a feeding groove (14) is formed in the upper end of the feeding table (11), a guide piece (15) is arranged on one side of the feeding table (11), a guide groove (150) is formed in the guide piece (15), the root section of the guide groove (150) is of an arc-shaped structure, the arc-shaped structure is inwards sunken and bent, the root of the arc-shaped structure is communicated with the feeding groove (14), the front section of the guide groove (150) is of a horizontal structure, the front end of the guide piece (15) is arranged on the feeding block (30), and the front section of the guide groove (150) is communicated with the U-shaped feeding port (301);
the feed chute (14) is of a hemispherical structure;
the cross section of the guide chute (150) is of a U-shaped structure.
2. The aluminum alloy casting device according to claim 1, wherein the slag blocking piece (2) comprises a plugboard (20), a slot (151) is formed in the front section of the guide chute (150), the plugboard (20) is inserted into the slot (151), a pair of limiting upper plates (21) are symmetrically arranged at the upper ends of the plugboard (20), the limiting upper plates (21) are upwardly extended and provided with upper extension convex plates (22), pull rings (23) are hinged at the upper ends of the upper extension convex plates (22), and a plurality of leakage holes (25) are formed in the plugboard (20).
3. The aluminum alloy casting apparatus as recited in claim 2, wherein a plurality of slag bars (24) are mounted to an upper end of the insert plate (20), lower ends of the slag bars (24) extend obliquely downward, and the slag bars (24) are disposed toward a root section of the guide chute (150).
4. The aluminum alloy casting device according to claim 1, wherein the central cooling mechanism (4) comprises a pair of vertical plates (40) arranged at the upper end of the feeding block (30), a pair of vertical holes (41) are formed in the vertical plates (40), concave parts (42) penetrate through the vertical holes (41), a mounting table (43) is arranged on one side of each concave part (42), a U-shaped part (44) is arranged on the mounting table (43), mounting protrusions are arranged on the outer wall of each concave part (42), inner concave arc grooves are formed at the outer side ends of the mounting protrusions, a horizontal pipe (61) is arranged in each U-shaped part (44), connectors (62) are arranged at the outer side ends of the horizontal pipes (61), the upper ends of the U-shaped pipes (60) are communicated with the horizontal pipes (61), the horizontal pipes (61) are located in the inner concave arc grooves, an outer plate (45) is arranged on the other side of each concave part (42), a folding plate (46) is arranged on one side of each outer plate (45), a fixing screw rod (47) is arranged at the upper end of each folding plate (46), a rotating cap (48) is arranged at the outer side end of each fixing screw rod (47), a horizontal cap (61) is arranged in the outer side of each fixing screw rod, and a tight cap (49) is arranged at the outer side of each vertical cap (49).
5. The aluminum alloy casting apparatus as recited in claim 4, wherein the U-shaped tube (60) and the horizontal tube (61) are made of titanium alloy.
6. The aluminum alloy casting device according to claim 1, wherein the cooling member (5) comprises a cooling water tank (50) mounted at the lower end of the forming block (32), the cooling water tank (50) is provided with cooling holes penetrating through the upper wall and the lower wall, a cooling cylinder (52) is mounted in the cooling water tank (50), the cooling water tank (50) is communicated with a water inlet pipe (51), a plurality of inner protruding blocks (53) are mounted on the inner wall of the cooling cylinder (52), the inner protruding blocks (53) are of a triangular structure, a spray head (54) is mounted on one of the inclined walls of the inner protruding blocks (53), and the spray head (54) is communicated with the cooling cylinder (52).
7. A preparation method of aluminum alloy is characterized in that,
the method comprises the following steps:
step 01, charging, namely adding aluminum alloy scraps into a smelting furnace, and then adding an aluminum ingot, a copper intermediate alloy and a silicon intermediate alloy;
step 02, heating and smelting until aluminum ingots are melted, adding an iron intermediate alloy, a chromium intermediate alloy, an erbium intermediate alloy and a zirconium intermediate alloy into molten aluminum, adding magnesium ingots and zinc ingots into the molten aluminum after the iron intermediate alloy, the chromium intermediate alloy and the zirconium intermediate alloy are melted, and melting the magnesium ingots and the zinc ingots;
step 03, refining, namely refining the molten liquid for 20min through chlorine, and scraping out aluminum slag during refining;
step 04, standing, namely heating the refined melt to 720 ℃, and standing for 20min;
step 05, casting and forming, namely heating the solution after standing to 720 ℃, and carrying out casting and forming operation on an aluminum rod through the aluminum alloy casting device disclosed in claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy containing silicon element, iron element, copper element, magnesium element, chromium element, zinc element, zirconium element, titanium element, erbium element and aluminum element is obtained, the mass fraction of silicon is 0.70-0.75, the mass fraction of iron is 0.15-0.2, the mass fraction of copper is 0.33-0.38, the mass fraction of magnesium is 0.95-1.0, the mass fraction of chromium is 0.20-0.25, the mass fraction of zinc is 0.18-0.23, the mass fraction of zirconium is 0.01-0.05, the mass fraction of titanium is 0.05-0.10, the mass fraction of erbium is 0.01-0.04, and the mass fraction of aluminum is the balance.
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