CN115819834B - Water collecting assembly, preparation method thereof and water collecting device - Google Patents
Water collecting assembly, preparation method thereof and water collecting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115819834B CN115819834B CN202111094899.4A CN202111094899A CN115819834B CN 115819834 B CN115819834 B CN 115819834B CN 202111094899 A CN202111094899 A CN 202111094899A CN 115819834 B CN115819834 B CN 115819834B
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
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- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 153
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- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of water collecting materials, in particular to a water collecting assembly, a preparation method thereof and a water collecting device. The water collecting component is formed by assembling a plurality of water collecting sheets, and the inclination angle of the water collecting sheets is 10-80 degrees; the water collecting sheet comprises a hydrophilic surface, wherein the hydrophilic surface is a polypropylene sheet with a micro-nano structure, the micro-nano structure is grafted with a hydrophilic side group, and the micro-nano structure exists in a protruding and/or recessed mode; wherein, in the hydrophilic surface, the surface grafting rate of the hydrophilic side group is 10-50wt%. According to the invention, the water collecting sheet is limited to contain the hydrophilic surface, so that the water collecting sheet has water collecting property and can not absorb water, and the water collecting efficiency of the water collecting assembly is effectively improved, and the water collecting assembly has stable performance; meanwhile, the water collecting assembly is simple in structure and easy to install, and parts are not required to be replaced frequently.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water collecting materials, in particular to a water collecting assembly, a preparation method thereof and a water collecting device.
Background
The serious shortage of fresh water resources has become a global problem, and how to obtain fresh water resources has become a hot topic. The development of water collection in air provides a new thought for solving the problem of lack of fresh water, but the water collection efficiency is low, and the water collection efficiency becomes a bottleneck for popularization. In recent years, the unique combination of surface morphology and wettability exhibited by many biological species is receiving increasing attention from the scientific community. The surface morphology of these species exhibits unique microscopic and nanostructured arrangements and plays a critical role in water vapor condensation and mist collection. For example, beetles in a nanofabric desert can collect water from a fog and introduce water droplets into their mouths, as its crustaceans have both a hydrophobic surface and a random array of hydrophilic projections; the plant coriander (Cotula fasciata x) in south africa can collect water from the mist and direct the droplets to its stems through a three-dimensional layered structure of hydrophobic surfaces and leaves. In some arid areas, the Cactaceae species can effectively capture haze by evenly distributing thorns and trichomes on their stems. When a spider web is placed in a moist environment, the water vapor condenses on the surface of the captured silk therein forming droplets; the spindle structures periodically existing in the fibers can bear uneven force in the fibers to perform directional movement, so that the droplets can be collected rapidly to form large water drops, and the rapid collection of water in the air can be realized.
Based on the inspiration of the water-collecting organisms in nature, a plurality of water-collecting materials are continuously invented and created. For example, CN110684959a discloses a diamond gradient coating for water collection and a preparation method thereof, the preparation method can realize the wettability gradient from super-hydrophobic to super-hydrophilic of the diamond gradient coating, and the obtained diamond gradient coating has good mechanical wear resistance and chemical stability, thus having the water collection function; CN105755519a discloses a method for preparing a high-efficiency air water-collecting copper surface by a gradient anodic oxidation method, which utilizes inherent wettability and conductivity of the copper surface and combines a porous mask and a gradient anodic oxidation treatment technology to prepare a plurality of hydrophilic-hydrophobic alternate copper surfaces with different hydrophilic/hydrophobic area ratios based on the theory that the water-collecting efficiency is improved by imitating the hydrophilic-hydrophobic alternate surface of beetles in the desert; CN102776785a discloses a water-collecting polymer yarn imitating a spider silk structure and a preparation method thereof, after immersing the existing fiber into a polymer solution, taking out and drying the polymer solution, forming a series of liquid drops on the surface of the fiber due to rayleigh instability, hanging the liquid drops on the surface of the fiber, and drying and solidifying the liquid drops to obtain spindle knots which are axially arranged, thereby obtaining the fiber similar to the spider silk structure and having water-collecting performance.
However, the water collecting material disclosed in the prior art cannot simultaneously have the problems of water collecting efficiency, chemical stability, mechanical abrasion resistance, high cost and the like, and a new water collecting assembly is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low water collecting efficiency, poor durability, high cost, complex preparation process and the like of the existing water collecting material, and provides a water collecting assembly, a preparation method thereof and a water collecting device. The water collecting assembly has higher water collecting efficiency and stronger durability; meanwhile, the method is simple and easy for industrial production.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a water collecting assembly, which is assembled of a plurality of water collecting sheets, and the inclination angle of the water collecting sheets is 10 to 80 °;
the water collecting sheet comprises a hydrophilic surface, wherein the hydrophilic surface is a polypropylene sheet with a micro-nano structure, the micro-nano structure is grafted with a hydrophilic side group, and the micro-nano structure exists in a protruding and/or recessed mode;
wherein, in the hydrophilic surface, the surface grafting rate of the hydrophilic side group is 10-50wt%.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a water collecting assembly, comprising the steps of:
(1) Contacting the polypropylene sheet with an etchant and performing first drying to form protrusions and/or grooves with micro-nano structures on the polypropylene sheet to obtain a modified polypropylene sheet;
(2) Coating a monomer of a hydrophilic side group on the modified polypropylene sheet, and then carrying out microwave irradiation to graft the hydrophilic side group on the micro-nano structure of the modified polypropylene sheet so as to obtain a hydrophilic surface;
(3) Assembling a plurality of water collecting sheets containing the hydrophilic surface to obtain a water collecting assembly;
wherein the inclination angle of the water collecting sheet is 10-80 degrees;
wherein, in the hydrophilic surface, the surface grafting rate of the hydrophilic side group is 10-50wt%.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a water collecting device having the water collecting assembly provided in the first aspect disposed therein, or the water collecting assembly produced by the method provided in the second aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The water collecting component is formed by assembling a plurality of water collecting sheets containing hydrophilic surfaces, the hydrophilic surfaces are further limited to be polypropylene sheets with micro-nano structures, and the hydrophilic side groups are grafted on the micro-nano structures, so that the hydrophilic surfaces are effectively improved in hydrophilicity and stable in performance on the premise of ensuring that the mechanical properties are not affected, the water collecting sheets are provided with water collecting properties and cannot absorb water, and the water collecting efficiency and the performance of the water collecting component are effectively improved; meanwhile, the water collecting assembly is simple in structure and easy to install, and parts are not required to be replaced frequently;
(2) According to the method provided by the invention, physical modification (etching) and chemical modification (grafting) are combined, the surface of the water collecting sheet is provided with super-hydrophilicity, and the water vapor on the open water surface can be effectively recovered by combining the installation mode of the water collecting sheet; meanwhile, the method has simple process and easy operation, and is convenient for industrialized mass production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a water collecting assembly according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and are understood to encompass values approaching those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and are to be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the terms "first," "second," and "third" do not denote any order of magnitude, nor are they intended to be limiting of various materials or steps, but rather are merely used to distinguish one material or step from another, e.g., "first," "second," and "third," of "first," "second," and "third," and "fourth," and merely used to distinguish one material or step from another.
The first aspect of the invention provides a water collecting component, which is assembled by a plurality of water collecting sheets, wherein the inclination angle of the water collecting sheets is 10-80 degrees;
the water collecting sheet comprises a hydrophilic surface, wherein the hydrophilic surface is a polypropylene sheet with a micro-nano structure, the micro-nano structure is grafted with a hydrophilic side group, and the micro-nano structure exists in a protruding and/or recessed mode;
wherein, in the hydrophilic surface, the surface grafting rate of the hydrophilic side group is 10-50wt%.
The water-collecting sheet with the hydrophilic surface provided by the invention has super-hydrophilic performance, and can collect small water drops in steam when the steam flows, the small water drops are converged on the surface of the sheet with an inclined angle to form large liquid drops, and the large liquid drops fall back to the water surface along the inclined plane; the surface of the water collecting sheet only has water collecting performance, water can not be absorbed, and the defect that the water collecting performance is greatly reduced after water absorption is avoided, so that the water collecting assembly assembled by the water collecting sheet has high water collecting efficiency and simple structure, and parts are not required to be replaced frequently. Meanwhile, the hydrophilic surface is a polypropylene sheet with a micro-nano structure on the surface, the micro-nano structure is grafted with a hydrophilic side group, the micro-nano structure exists in a protruding and/or recessed mode, the hydrophilic side group is used for collecting liquid drops in airflow when steam passes through, and the hydrophilicity and the water collecting efficiency of the water collecting sheet are further improved.
In the present invention, the inclination angle refers to the angle between the water collecting sheet and the horizontal plane, unless otherwise specified.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the water collecting assembly is assembled from a plurality of the water collecting sheets in parallel by a frame at an inclination angle of 10 to 80 °. That is, the inclination angle of each of the water collecting sheets in the water collecting assembly is the same, i.e., is selected from any angle of 10 to 80 °.
In the present invention, the skeleton has a supporting effect without being specifically described, and preferably, the skeleton includes, but is not limited to, a glass fiber reinforced plastic skeleton.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the inclination angle of the water-collecting sheet is preferably any value in the range of 10 to 80 °, for example, 10 °, 20 °, 30 °, 40 °, 50 °, 60 °, 70 °, 80 °, and any two values, preferably 30 to 60%. The adoption of the preferable conditions is more beneficial to improving the water collecting efficiency of the water collecting sheet.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, a ratio of a distance between two adjacent water collecting sheets to a width of the water collecting sheets is 0.1 to 0.9:1, preferablyThe adoption of the preferable condition is more beneficial to ensuring that the projection of the water collecting sheet can cover the water surface by 100 percent.
In some embodiments of the invention, preferably the vertical distance of the bottom of the water collection assembly from the water surface is < 15cm, preferably 0-10cm. The adoption of the preferable condition is more beneficial to improving the water collecting effect, namely, the smaller the vertical distance is, the higher the water collecting efficiency is.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the vertical distance from the bottom of the water collection assembly to the water surface means that the water collection assembly is disposed above the water surface.
In some embodiments of the invention, preferably, the water-collecting sheet further comprises a substrate, and the hydrophilic surface is supported on the substrate. In the present invention, the substrate includes, without limitation, a PVC substrate unless otherwise specified.
The invention provides a water collecting assembly structure schematic diagram, as shown in figure 1, wherein the water collecting assembly is formed by assembling a plurality of water collecting sheets in parallel through a glass fiber reinforced plastic framework at an inclined angle of 10-80 degrees, and the water collecting sheets are hydrophilic surfaces.
The water collecting assembly is formed by assembling a plurality of water collecting sheets in parallel through a glass fiber reinforced plastic framework at an inclined angle of 10-80 degrees, wherein the water collecting sheets are PVC base materials and hydrophilic surfaces loaded on the PVC base materials.
In some embodiments of the invention, preferably, the polypropylene sheet is a foamed polypropylene sheet.
In some embodiments of the invention, preferably, the foamed polypropylene sheet has a surface average pore size of 10 to 100 μm, for example, any value in the range of 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, and any two values, preferably 20 to 60 μm; the bending strength is 0.1 to 1MPa, for example, any value in the range of 0.1MPa, 0.2MPa, 0.3MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.5MPa, 0.7MPa, 0.9MPa, 1MPa, and any two values, preferably 0.1 to 0.5MPa; the thickness is 0.1 to 1cm, for example, any value in the range of 0.1cm, 0.2cm, 0.3cm, 0.4cm, 0.5cm, 0.8cm, 1cm, and any two values, preferably 0.1 to 0.5cm. With the preferred conditions, it is more advantageous to form protrusions and/or recesses of greater length and depth in the polypropylene sheet.
In the invention, under no special condition, the surface average aperture parameter is measured by adopting a scanning electron microscope 3-time surface scanning statistical average method; the bending strength parameter is measured by adopting a GB/T9341-2008 polypropylene three-point bending test method; the thickness parameter is measured by a vernier caliper test method.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the foamed polypropylene sheet is produced by foaming at least one selected from the group consisting of a homo-polypropylene sheet, a random copolymer polypropylene sheet and an impact copolymer polypropylene sheet having a polypropylene content of 50wt% or more. In the invention, the foaming process has a wide selection range, and can be prepared by adopting chemical foaming or adopting physical foaming.
In the invention, the source of the foaming polypropylene sheet has a wider selection range, and the foaming polypropylene sheet is prepared by foaming. In the present invention, the foamed polypropylene sheet may be obtained by purchase or by preparation, and the present invention is not described herein.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the foamed polypropylene sheet is produced from a polypropylene sheet by foaming with supercritical carbon dioxide.
In some embodiments of the invention, preferably, the polypropylene content in the foamed polypropylene sheet is greater than or equal to 50wt%, preferably 50-90wt%.
In some embodiments of the invention, preferably, the polypropylene has a weight average molecular weight of 10 4 -10 6 g/mol; the melt index at 230℃under a load of 2.16kg is in the range of 0.1 to 15g/10min, for example, 0.1g/10min, 1g/10min, 2g/10min, 3g/10min, 4g/10min, 5g/10min, 6g/10min, 7g/10min, 10g/10min, 15g/10min, and any value in the range of any two values, preferably 1 to 7g/10min.
In the present invention, the melt index parameter is measured by the GB/T3682.1-2018 method without specific explanation.
In the present invention, without being limited to a particular case, the micro-nanostructure refers to protrusions and/or grooves having a micro-or nano-scale feature size, arranged in a specific manner.
In some embodiments of the invention, preferably, the micro-nanostructures have a length of 1nm to 100 μm, e.g., any value in the range of 1nm, 10nm, 100nm, 200nm, 500nm, 1 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, and any two values, preferably 500nm to 50 μm; the depth is 1 μm to 1mm, for example, any value in the range of 1 μm, 10 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm, 500 μm, 700 μm, 900 μm, 1mm, and any two values, preferably 50 to 500 μm. In the invention, the micro-nano structure is beneficial to the improvement of the wettability of the surface, for example, when the flat surface is hydrophilic (less than 90 degrees), the surface with the micro-nano structure has capillary action on water, so that the water can be further infiltrated, and further a more hydrophilic or even super-hydrophilic state is shown.
In some embodiments of the invention, the hydrophilic side groups have a surface grafting ratio of 10 to 50wt%, e.g., 10wt%, 20wt%, 30wt%, 35wt%, 40wt%, 45wt%, 50wt%, and any value in the range of any two values, preferably 30 to 40wt%. The adoption of the preferable conditions is more favorable for improving the hydrophilicity of the hydrophilic surface.
In the present invention, the surface grafting ratio parameter is measured by using the energy spectrum fitting of Japanese Hitachi S4800 scanning electron microscope without special description to measure the content of the main element of the grafting component on the hydrophilic surface, and the content of the grafting on the hydrophilic surface is reversely deduced through the molecular formula of the grafting to be used as the surface grafting ratio.
In the present invention, the hydrophilic side group has a wide selection range as long as the hydrophilic side group contains a hydrophilic group. Preferably, the hydrophilic side group is a side group containing a heteroatom and a carbon-carbon double bond of at least one element selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, silicon, and halogen.
In the present invention, the halogen is at least one selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably fluorine and/or chlorine, unless otherwise specified.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the monomer of the hydrophilic side group is selected from at least one of an organic acid, an organic acid derivative, and a vinyl silane. Wherein the organic acid includes, but is not limited to, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, sulfinic acid, thiocarboxylic acid, and the like.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the organic acid derivative is selected from at least one of an anhydride, an ester, and a salt of an organic acid.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the monomer of the hydrophilic side group is selected from at least one of maleic anhydride and/or its derivatives, acrylic acid and/or its derivatives, methacrylic acid and/or its derivatives, vinyl acetate, alkenylsulfonic acid and/or its derivatives, p-styrenecarboxylic acid and/or its derivatives, p-styreneacetic acid and/or its derivatives, itaconic acid, oleic acid, and arachidonic acid.
In some embodiments of the invention, preferably, the vinyl silane has the formula: CH (CH) 2 ＝CH 2 (CH 2 ) n SiX 3 Wherein n=0 to 3, and x is selected from at least one of chloro, methoxy, ethoxy, and acetoxy.
In some embodiments of the invention, preferably, the vinylsilane is selected from vinyltrimethoxysilane and/or vinyltriethoxysilane.
According to the present invention, preferably, the water contact angle of the water collecting sheet is < 30 °, preferably 0 to 15 °, more preferably 0 °; the water collecting efficiency is more than 20g/cm 2 H, preferably 25-50g/cm 2 ·h。
In the invention, under the condition of no special condition, the water contact angle parameter adopts an EASY DROP contact angle tester of KRUSS company in Germany, the measurement range is 1-180 degrees, the resolution is +/-0.1 degrees, a dynamic contact angle measurement mode is adopted, deionized water DROPs or white oil DROPs with the fixed volume of 2 mu L each time are dripped on a hydrophilic surface, the calculated initial contact angle is taken as a contact angle measurement value of the hydrophilic surface, the parallel measurement is carried out for 6 times, and the average value is calculated.
In the invention, under the condition of no special condition, the water collection efficiency parameter is tested: the test temperature (T) and Relative Humidity (RH) were set at 20℃and 90%, respectively, and a film sample (water collecting sheet) having a size of 10cm X10 cm was fixed on a support at an inclination angle of 45℃to the mist flow of a humidifier, and the mist flow (about 25 cm. S) was generated by an ultrasonic humidifier -1 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance between the sample and the mist outlet opening is 5cm and 10cm; testing for 1h, collecting water m/g, weighing, and passingThe water collection efficiency (η) is calculated as follows: η=m/st, where s is the sample surface area/cm 2 T is the measurement time/h.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the water-collecting module is assembled from water-collecting sheets parallel by a skeleton at an inclination angle of 30-60 °, said water-collecting module being at a vertical distance of 0-10cm from the water surface;
the water collecting sheet comprises an optional substrate and a hydrophilic surface loaded on the substrate, wherein the hydrophilic surface is a foaming polypropylene sheet with a micro-nano structure, the micro-nano structure is grafted with a hydrophilic side group, and the micro-nano structure exists in a protruding and/or recessed mode;
wherein, in the hydrophilic surface, the surface grafting rate of the hydrophilic side group is 10-50wt%;
Wherein the average pore diameter of the surface of the foaming polypropylene sheet is 10-100 mu m; bending strength is 0.1-1MPa; the thickness is 0.1-1cm;
wherein the hydrophilic surface is prepared by the following method: contacting the foaming polypropylene sheet with an etchant and performing first drying to form protrusions and/or grooves with micro-nano structures on the foaming polypropylene sheet so as to obtain a modified foaming polypropylene sheet; and coating a monomer with a hydrophilic side group on the modified foaming polypropylene sheet, and then carrying out microwave irradiation to graft the hydrophilic side group on the micro-nano structure of the foaming polypropylene sheet.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a water collecting assembly, comprising the steps of:
(1) Contacting the polypropylene sheet with an etchant and performing first drying to form protrusions and/or grooves with micro-nano structures on the polypropylene sheet to obtain a modified polypropylene sheet;
(2) Coating a monomer of a hydrophilic side group on the modified polypropylene sheet, and then carrying out microwave irradiation to graft the hydrophilic side group on the micro-nano structure of the modified polypropylene sheet so as to obtain a hydrophilic surface;
(3) Assembling a plurality of water collecting sheets containing the hydrophilic surface to obtain a water collecting assembly;
Wherein the inclination angle of the water collecting sheet is 10-80 degrees;
wherein, in the hydrophilic surface, the surface grafting rate of the hydrophilic side group is 10-50wt%.
In the method provided by the invention, the hydrophilic side group can be grafted on the modified polypropylene sheet without adding an initiator. Namely, the hydrophilic surface prepared by the method provided by the invention does not contain initiator residues, and the hydrophilicity of the hydrophilic surface is improved on the premise of ensuring that the mechanical properties of the hydrophilic surface are not affected.
In the present invention, in the step (1), the polypropylene sheet is defined as described above, and the present invention will not be described in detail.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, in step (1), the weight ratio of the polypropylene sheet and the etchant is 0.1 to 100:100, for example, any value in the range of 0.1:100, 0.5:100, 1:100, 5:100, 10:100, 20:100, 30:100, 40:100, 50:100, 60:100, 80:100, 100:100, and any two values, preferably 0.5-50:100, more preferably 1-30:100. the etching agent uniformly covers the surface of the polypropylene sheet by adopting the preferable weight ratio, which is more favorable for the full contact and mixing of the etching agent and the polypropylene sheet, thereby being favorable for forming the micro-nano structure on the surface of the polypropylene sheet.
In the invention, the etching agent has a wide selection range for the type of the etching agent, as long as the etching agent can etch on the surface of the polypropylene sheet. Preferably, the etchant is a polar organic solvent selected from at least one of toluene, xylene, diphenyl ether, butyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, n-heptane, n-octane, and decalin.
In the present invention, the conditions for the contact have a wide range of choices. Preferably, in step (1), the contacting conditions include: the temperature is 15-70deg.C, preferably 20-60deg.C; the time is 1-24 hours, preferably 5-15 hours.
In the present invention, the manner of contact has a wide range of options. Preferably, the contacting is by soaking; namely, the polypropylene sheet is soaked in the etchant, wherein the soaking temperature is 15-70 ℃ and the soaking time is 1-24h.
In the present invention, the first drying is intended to remove the etchant from the contact product. Preferably, the first drying conditions include: the temperature is 80-120deg.C, preferably 80-100deg.C; the time is 1-10 hours, preferably 1-5 hours.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, in step (2), the weight ratio of the monomer of the hydrophilic side group to the modified polypropylene sheet is from 10 to 50:100, e.g., 10:100, 15:100, 20:100, 25:100, 30:100, 35:100, 40:100, 45:100, 50:100, and any value in the range of any two values, preferably 10-30:100. the adoption of the preferable weight ratio is favorable for the full mixing and grafting reaction of the raw materials, thereby improving the grafting rate of the hydrophilic side group in the hydrophilic surface.
In the present invention, in the step (2), the monomer of the hydrophilic side group is defined as above, which is not described in detail in the present invention.
In the present invention, the mode of the coating has a wide range of options, as long as the monomer of the hydrophilic side group is uniformly coated on the modified polypropylene sheet. Preferably, the coating is performed by mechanical direct spraying and liquid spraying above the melting point of the monomer.
In one embodiment of the invention, the monomer of the hydrophilic side group is applied to the modified polypropylene sheet by mechanical spraying. Since the monomer of the hydrophilic side group is liquefied and gasified in the microwave irradiation process, the hydrophilic side group is uniformly grafted on the modified polypropylene sheet in the gasification process.
In the present invention, the conditions of the microwave irradiation have a wide range of choices, as long as the monomer of the hydrophilic side group is grafted on the modified polypropylene sheet. Preferably, the conditions of the microwave irradiation include: the irradiation power is 1500-27000W, preferably 1500-15000W; the irradiation time is 1s-1min, preferably 1-30s.
In some embodiments of the invention, preferably, the number of microwave irradiation is not less than 1, preferably 1 to 5.
According to the present invention, preferably, the microwave irradiation process may be performed a plurality of times, preferably 1 to 5 times, using the same irradiation power and the same irradiation time. The foaming polypropylene sheet can repeatedly carry out the process of grafting monomer gasification-grafting by cycling for a plurality of times, which is beneficial to the uniformity of redundant grafting monomers and the improvement of grafting rate.
In the present invention, the microwave irradiation is performed in various microwave reactors existing in the prior art, without being specifically described.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, in step (3), the assembling manner includes: and assembling a plurality of water collecting sheets in parallel through the framework at an inclined angle of 10-80 degrees.
In the present invention, the type of the skeleton and the water collecting sheet are defined according to the above description unless otherwise specified, and the present invention is not described herein.
According to the invention, preferably, the method further comprises: and before the assembly, cleaning and secondary drying the microwave irradiation product to remove unreacted hydrophilic side group monomers in the microwave irradiation product.
In the present invention, the mode of the cleaning has a wide selection range, and the residual hydrophilic side group monomer can be removed.
In some embodiments of the present invention, it is preferable that the microwave-irradiated product is immediately soaked with a washing liquid having a volume exceeding that of the microwave-irradiated product at a high temperature for 5 to 15 minutes, and then excess moisture is removed using a filtering device; repeatedly cleaning for 2-6 times to obtain the cleaned microwave irradiation product.
In the invention, the cleaning liquid has a wide selection range. Preferably, the cleaning liquid is selected from water and/or organic solvents, preferably at least one selected from alcohols, ketones, esters and water, more preferably alcohols and/or water.
According to the invention, preferably, the method further comprises: when the monomer of the hydrophilic side group is organic acid, anhydride and/or ester of the organic acid, salifying the second dried product with alkali, and cleaning and drying the salified product for the third time, the grafted hydrophilic side group is converted into organic acid salt, so that the hydrophilicity of the water-collecting sheet is further improved.
In the present invention, the kind of the base may be widely selected, and the organic acid, the acid anhydride and/or the ester of the organic acid may be converted into a salt by a salification reaction. Preferably, the base is selected from the group consisting of hydroxides and/or aqueous ammonia, preferably hydroxides.
In some embodiments of the present invention, preferably, the hydroxide is selected from at least one of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, iron hydroxide, ferrous hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide, gold hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, copper hydroxide, beryllium hydroxide, and rare earth hydroxide, preferably at least one of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide.
In some embodiments of the invention, preferably, the weight ratio of the base to the modified polypropylene sheet is from 10 to 25:100, e.g., 10:100, 12:100, 15:100, 16:100, 18:100, 20:100, 22:100, 24:100, 25:100, and any value in the range of any two values, preferably 10-20:100.
in the present invention, the base may be directly salified with the third dried product, or may be preferably present in the form of a basic solution, i.e., salified with an aqueous solution containing a base, for better salification.
In some embodiments of the invention, preferably, the alkali liquor has a weight ratio of alkali to water of 0.1 to 100:100, for example, any of the ranges of 0.1:100, 0.5:100, 1:100, 2:100, 3:100, 5:100, 10:100, 20:100, 30:100, 40:100, 50:100, 80:100, 100:100, and any two values, preferably 0.5-50:100, preferably 1-30:100. the adoption of the preferable weight ratio is more beneficial to improving the efficiency of the salinization reaction and improving the hydrophilicity of the water collecting sheet.
In the present invention, the conditions for the salination reaction have a wide range of choice, and preferably the salination reaction time is 1 to 30min, preferably 5 to 10min. In the present invention, the temperature and pressure of the salination reaction are not limited, and are generally normal temperature and pressure.
In some embodiments of the invention, it is preferred that the product of the salination reaction is immediately soaked with a solvent having a volume exceeding that of the grafted polypropylene sheet for 5-15min, and then excess moisture is removed using a filtration device; repeating the process for 2 to 6 times to obtain a clean salinization reaction product.
In the present invention, the second drying and the third drying may be both air drying and normal temperature drying, which are not described in detail herein. Preferably, the second drying and the third drying are both at a temperature not exceeding 140 ℃ (140+ DEG C for the melting point of the random copolymer polypropylene) to avoid melting the polypropylene sheet.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a water collecting device having the water collecting assembly provided in the first aspect disposed therein, or the water collecting assembly produced by the method provided in the second aspect.
The water-collecting sheet with the hydrophilic surface provided by the invention has super-hydrophilic performance compared with a polypropylene sheet; meanwhile, the water collecting sheet provided by the invention has the advantages that the molecular weight of the polypropylene sheet is not reduced, the monomer residue without a hydrophilic side group is avoided, an initiator is not introduced, the water collecting sheet is colorless and odorless, the hydrophilicity is greatly improved, the water collecting sheet is durable and stable, and the water collecting effect is more obvious when the water collecting sheet is arranged in a water collecting device.
The present invention will be described in detail by examples.
The water contact angle parameter adopts an EASY DROP contact angle tester of KRUSS company of Germany, the measurement range is 1-180 degrees, the resolution is +/-0.1 degrees, a dynamic contact angle measurement mode is adopted, deionized water DROPs or white oil DROPs with a fixed volume of 2 mu L each time are dripped on a hydrophilic surface, the calculated initial contact angle is taken as a contact angle measurement value of the hydrophilic surface, the parallel measurement is carried out for 6 times, and the average value is calculated.
The surface grafting ratio parameter adopts the energy spectrum accessory of Japanese Hitachi S4800 scanning electron microscope to measure the content of the main element of the grafting component of the hydrophilic surface, and the content of the grafting on the hydrophilic surface is reversely deduced through the molecular formula of the grafting to be used as the surface grafting ratio.
And (3) testing water collection efficiency parameters: the test temperature (T) and Relative Humidity (RH) were set at 20℃and 90%, respectively, and a 10cm by 10cm size water-collecting sheet was fixed to a support at an angle of 45℃to the mist flow of a humidifier, and the mist flow was generated by an ultrasonic humidifier (about 25 cm. Multidot. S) -1 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance between the water collecting sheet and the mist outlet is 5cm and 10cm; test 1h, water collection sheet water collection mass m/g, weigh, and calculate water collection efficiency (η) by: η=m/st, where s is the water collecting sheet surface area/cm 2 T is the measurement time/h.
The foaming polypropylene sheet-1 is prepared by foaming injection polypropylene sheet-1 by supercritical carbon dioxide; wherein the random copolymer polypropylene content in the foamed polypropylene sheet-1 is 90wt%, the surface average pore diameter is 50 μm, the bending strength is 0.15MPa, and the thickness is 0.1cm.
The foaming polypropylene sheet-2 is prepared by foaming injection polypropylene sheet-2 by supercritical carbon dioxide; wherein the random copolymer polypropylene content in the foamed polypropylene sheet-2 is 70wt%, the surface average pore diameter is 40 μm, the bending strength is 0.45MPa, and the thickness is 0.5cm.
The foaming polypropylene sheet-3 is prepared by foaming injection polypropylene sheet-3 by supercritical carbon dioxide; wherein the random copolymer polypropylene content in the foamed polypropylene sheet-3 is 80wt%, the surface average pore diameter is 25 μm, the bending strength is 0.33MPa, and the thickness is 1cm.
Injection molded polypropylene sheet-1 (a blend of 70wt% random copolymer polypropylene E02ES with 30wt% POE), purchased from New materials Co., ltd. In Jiangsu Su, had a smooth and flat surface, a flexural strength of 10.5MPa, and a thickness of 0.1cm.
Injection molded polypropylene sheet-2 (blend of 90wt% random copolymer polypropylene E02ES and 10wt% homo polypropylene T30S), purchased from Zhejiang Jiaxing New Hengtai New Material Co., ltd., had a smooth and flat surface, a flexural strength of 17.5MPa, and a thickness of 0.1cm.
Injection-molded polypropylene sheet-3 (random copolymer polypropylene E02 ES) purchased from Ningbo micro new material technology Co., ltd., has a smooth and flat surface, a bending strength of 15.0MPa, and a thickness of 0.1cm.
Xylene (national pharmaceutical group chemicals limited), decalin (national pharmaceutical group chemicals limited), maleic anhydride (national pharmaceutical group chemicals limited), acrylic acid (national pharmaceutical group chemicals limited), methacrylic acid (national pharmaceutical group chemicals limited), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (national pharmaceutical group chemicals limited), sodium hydroxide (national pharmaceutical group chemicals limited), potassium hydroxide (national pharmaceutical science limited), calcium hydroxide (western chain sciences limited), acetone (western chain sciences limited), sodium chloride (national pharmaceutical group chemicals limited), vinyltrimethoxysilane (tokyo chemical industry Co., ltd.); the other various raw materials are commercially available.
Physical properties of the hydrophilic surface and the water-collecting sheet obtained in examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.
Example 1
(1) 10g of polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-1, water contact angle of 108 ℃) is soaked in 100g of etchant (dimethylbenzene), sealed and soaked for 12 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ of an incubator, and then placed in a blast drying oven at the temperature of 90 ℃ for 2 hours, so as to obtain a modified polypropylene sheet;
(2) Dissolving 10 parts by weight of alkali (sodium hydroxide) in 50 parts by weight of deionized water to obtain alkali liquor;
10 parts by weight of maleic anhydride powder is coated on 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene sheet by adopting a mechanical spraying mode, and is subjected to microwave irradiation for 25 seconds under the irradiation power of 2000W, and the cycle is carried out for 2 times, wherein each time is 1min apart; soaking the product of microwave irradiation in deionized water for 10min, replacing the deionized water for 3 times to ensure that maleic anhydride which does not participate in the grafting reaction is removed, and then placing the cleaning product in 80 ℃ for air blast drying and drying;
salinization reaction is carried out on the dried product and the alkali liquor for 5min, the salinization reaction product is soaked in deionized water for 10min, the deionized water is replaced for 3 times to ensure that unreacted alkali is removed, and then the cleaning product is placed at 80 ℃ for blast drying, so as to obtain a hydrophilic surface S1;
(3) The hydrophilic surface S1 is taken as a water collecting sheet Q1, and the water collecting assembly is obtained by parallel assembly of the water collecting sheets Q1 at an inclined angle of 45 DEG, wherein the ratio of the distance between two adjacent water collecting sheets to the width of the water collecting sheet Q1 isSo that the projection of the water collecting sheet Q1 can cover the water surface by 100%.
Example 2
(1) 10g of polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-1, water contact angle of 108 ℃) is soaked in 100g of etchant (dimethylbenzene), sealed and soaked for 12 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ of an incubator, and then placed in a blast drying oven at the temperature of 90 ℃ for 2 hours, so as to obtain a modified polypropylene sheet;
(2) Dissolving 10 parts by weight of alkali (potassium hydroxide) in 50 parts by weight of deionized water to obtain alkali liquor;
coating 20 parts by weight of maleic anhydride powder on 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene sheet by adopting a mechanical spraying mode, and carrying out microwave irradiation for 20s under the irradiation power of 5000W, and circulating for 3 times at intervals of 1min; soaking the product of microwave irradiation in deionized water for 10min, replacing the deionized water for 3 times to ensure that maleic anhydride which does not participate in the grafting reaction is removed, and then placing the cleaning product in 80 ℃ for air blast drying and drying;
salinization reaction is carried out on the dried product and the alkali liquor for 5min, the salinization reaction product is soaked in deionized water for 10min, the deionized water is replaced for 3 times to ensure that unreacted alkali is removed, and then the cleaning product is placed at 80 ℃ for blast drying, so as to obtain a hydrophilic surface S2;
(3) The hydrophilic surface S2 is used as a water collecting sheet Q2, and the water collecting assembly is obtained by parallel assembly of the water collecting sheets Q2 at an inclined angle of 60 degrees, wherein the ratio of the distance between two adjacent water collecting sheets to the width of the water collecting sheet Q2 is 0.5, so that the projection of the water collecting sheet Q2 can cover the water surface by 100 percent.
Example 3
(1) 10g of polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-2, water contact angle of 112 ℃) is soaked in 90g of etchant (decalin), the mixture is soaked in a sealed way for 4 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃ in an incubator, and then the mixture is placed in a blast drying oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 2 hours, so that a modified polypropylene sheet is obtained;
(2) Dissolving 25 parts by weight of alkali (potassium hydroxide) in 100 parts by weight of deionized water to obtain alkali liquor;
coating 30 parts by weight of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid powder on 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene sheet by adopting a mechanical spraying mode, and carrying out microwave irradiation for 10s under the irradiation power of 10000W, and circulating for 3 times at intervals of 1min; soaking the product of microwave irradiation in deionized water for 10min, replacing the deionized water for 3 times to ensure that the 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid which does not participate in the grafting reaction is removed, and then placing the cleaning product in 80 ℃ for air blast drying;
salinization reaction is carried out on the dried product and the alkali liquor for 5min, the salinization reaction product is soaked in deionized water for 10min, the deionized water is replaced for 3 times to ensure that unreacted alkali is removed, and then the cleaning product is placed at 80 ℃ for blast drying, so as to obtain a hydrophilic surface S3;
(3) The hydrophilic surface S3 is taken as a water collecting sheet Q3, and the water collecting assembly is obtained by parallel assembly of the water collecting sheets Q3 at an inclined angle of 30 DEG, wherein the ratio of the distance between two adjacent water collecting sheets to the width of the water collecting sheet Q3 isSo that the projection of the water collecting sheet Q3 can cover the water surface by 100%.
Example 4
(1) 10g of polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-3, water contact angle of 108 ℃) is soaked in 90g of etchant (decalin), the mixture is soaked in a sealed way for 10 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ in an incubator, and then the incubator is placed in a blast drying oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 2 hours, so that a modified polypropylene sheet is obtained;
(2) Dissolving 20 parts by weight of alkali (potassium hydroxide) in 50 parts by weight of deionized water to obtain alkali liquor;
coating 50 parts by weight of methacrylic acid liquid on 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene sheet by adopting a mechanical spraying mode, and carrying out microwave irradiation for 3s at an irradiation power of 15000W, and circulating for 5 times at intervals of 1min; soaking the product of microwave irradiation in deionized water for 10min, replacing the deionized water for 3 times to ensure that methacrylic acid which does not participate in the grafting reaction is removed, and then placing the cleaning product in 80 ℃ for forced air drying and drying to obtain a hydrophilic surface S4;
(3) The hydrophilic surface S4 is used as a water collecting sheet Q4, and the water collecting assembly is obtained by parallel assembly of the water collecting sheets Q4 at an inclined angle of 30 °, wherein the ratio of the distance between two adjacent water collecting sheets to the width of the water collecting sheet Q4 is 0.5, so that the projection of the water collecting sheet Q4 can cover the water surface by 100%.
Example 5
(1) 10g of polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-3, water contact angle of 108 ℃) is soaked in 90g of etchant (decalin), the mixture is soaked in a sealed way for 10 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ in an incubator, and then the incubator is placed in a blast drying oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 2 hours, so that a modified polypropylene sheet is obtained;
(2) Coating 40 parts by weight of vinyl trimethoxy silane liquid on 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene sheet by adopting a mechanical spraying mode, and performing microwave irradiation for 2s under the irradiation power of 20000W, and circulating for 4 times at intervals of 1min each time; soaking the product of microwave irradiation in deionized water for 10min, replacing the deionized water for 3 times to ensure that vinyl trimethoxy silane which does not participate in the grafting reaction is removed, and then placing the cleaning product in 80 ℃ for forced air drying and drying to obtain a hydrophilic surface S5;
(3) The hydrophilic surface S5 is taken as a water collecting sheet Q5, and the water collecting assembly is obtained by parallel assembly of the water collecting sheets Q5 at an inclined angle of 60 DEG, wherein the ratio of the distance between two adjacent water collecting sheets to the width of the water collecting sheet Q5 isSo that the projection of the water collecting sheet Q5 can cover the water surface by 100%.
Example 6
According to the method of example 1, except that in step (1), 10g of the polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-1, water contact angle of 108 °) was replaced with 35g of the polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-1, water contact angle of 108 °), the other conditions were the same, to obtain a hydrophilic surface S6 and a water collecting sheet Q6.
Example 7
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that in step (2), 10 parts by weight of maleic anhydride powder was replaced with 50 parts by weight of maleic anhydride powder, and the remaining conditions were the same, to obtain a hydrophilic surface S7 and a water-collecting sheet Q7.
Example 8
The procedure of example 1 was followed, except that in step (2), the conditions of microwave irradiation were modified as follows: the irradiation power is 27000W, and the microwave irradiation is carried out for 1S, and the rest conditions are the same, so that the hydrophilic surface S8 and the water collecting sheet Q8 are obtained.
Comparative example 1
According to the method of example 1, except that there are no steps (1) - (2), a polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-1, water contact angle of 108 °) was used as the hydrophilic surface DS1;
in the step (3), the hydrophilic surface DS1 is taken as the water collecting sheet DQ1, and the water collecting assembly is obtained by parallel assembly of the water collecting sheets DQ1 at an inclined angle of 45 DEG, wherein the ratio of the distance between two adjacent water collecting sheets to the width of the water collecting sheet DQ1 isSo that the projection of the water-collecting sheet DQ1 can cover the water surface by 100%.
Comparative example 2
According to the method of example 1, except that there was no step (1), 10 parts by weight of maleic anhydride powder was directly applied to 100 parts by weight of a polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-1, water contact angle of 108 °) by mechanical spraying to obtain a hydrophilic surface DS2;
in the step (3), the hydrophilic surface DS2 is taken as the water collecting sheet DQ2, and the water collecting assembly is obtained by parallel assembly of the water collecting sheets DQ2 at an inclined angle of 45 DEG, wherein the ratio of the distance between two adjacent water collecting sheets to the width of the water collecting sheet DQ2 is So that the water collecting sheet DQThe projection of 2 may cover the water surface by 100%.
Comparative example 2'
The procedure of example 1 was followed, except that the expanded polypropylene sheet-1 was replaced with an injection-molded polypropylene sheet-1, and the remaining conditions were the same, to obtain a hydrophilic surface DS2 'and a water-collecting sheet DQ2'.
Comparative example 3
According to the method of example 2, except that there was no step (1), 20 parts by weight of maleic anhydride powder was directly applied to 100 parts by weight of a polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-1, water contact angle of 108 °) by mechanical spraying to obtain a hydrophilic surface DS3;
in the step (3), the hydrophilic surface DS3 is used as the water collecting sheet DQ3, and the water collecting assembly is obtained by parallel assembly of the water collecting sheets DQ3 at an inclined angle of 60 degrees, wherein the ratio of the distance between two adjacent water collecting sheets to the width of the water collecting sheet DQ3 is 0.5, so that the projection of the water collecting sheet DQ3 can cover the water surface by 100 percent.
Comparative example 4
According to the method of example 3, except that steps (1) - (2) were not included, a polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-2, water contact angle of 112 °) was used as the hydrophilic surface DS4;
in the step (3), the hydrophilic surface DS4 is taken as the water collecting sheet DQ4, and the water collecting assembly is obtained by parallel assembly of the water collecting sheets DQ4 at an inclined angle of 30 DEG, wherein the ratio of the distance between two adjacent water collecting sheets to the width of the water collecting sheet DQ4 is So that the projection of the water-collecting sheet DQ4 can cover the water surface by 100%.
Comparative example 5
According to the method of example 3, except that there was no step (1), 30 parts by weight of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid powder was directly applied to 100 parts by weight of a polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-2, water contact angle of 112 °) by mechanical spraying to obtain a hydrophilic surface DS5;
in the step (3), the hydrophilic surface DS5 is used as the water-collecting sheet DQ5 and is formed by the water-collecting sheetThe materials DQ5 are assembled in parallel at an inclined angle of 30 degrees to obtain the water collecting assembly, wherein the ratio of the distance between two adjacent water collecting sheets to the width of the water collecting sheet DQ4 isSo that the projection of the water-collecting sheet DQ4 can cover the water surface by 100%.
Comparative example 5'
The procedure of example 3 was followed, except that the expanded polypropylene sheet-2 was replaced with the injection-molded polypropylene sheet-2, and the remaining conditions were the same, to obtain a hydrophilic surface DS5 'and a water-collecting sheet DQ5'.
Comparative example 6
According to the method of example 4, except that there are no steps (1) - (2), a polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-3, water contact angle of 108 °) was used as the hydrophilic surface DS6;
in the step (3), the hydrophilic surface DS6 is used as the water collecting sheet DQ6, and the water collecting assembly is obtained by parallel assembly of the water collecting sheets DQ6 at an inclined angle of 30 degrees, wherein the ratio of the distance between two adjacent water collecting sheets to the width of the water collecting sheet DQ6 is 0.5, so that the projection of the water collecting sheet DQ6 can cover the water surface by 100 percent.
Comparative example 7
According to the method of example 4, except that step (1) was not performed, 50 parts by weight of the methacrylic acid liquid was directly applied to 100 parts by weight of a polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-3, water contact angle of 108 °) by mechanical spraying to obtain a hydrophilic surface DS7;
in the step (3), the hydrophilic surface DS7 is used as a water collecting sheet DQ7, and the water collecting assembly is obtained by parallel assembly of the water collecting sheets DQ7 at an inclined angle of 30 °, wherein the ratio of the space between two adjacent water collecting sheets to the width of the water collecting sheet DQ6 is 0.5, so that the projection of the water collecting sheet DQ7 can cover the water surface by 100%.
Comparative example 7'
The procedure of example 4 was followed, except that the expanded polypropylene sheet-3 was replaced with an injection-molded polypropylene sheet-3, and the remaining conditions were the same, to obtain a hydrophilic surface DS7 'and a water-collecting sheet DQ7'.
Comparative example 8
According to the method of example 5, except that there is no step (1), 40 parts by weight of vinyltrimethoxysilane liquid was applied to 100 parts by weight of a polypropylene sheet (foamed polypropylene sheet-3, water contact angle of 108 °) by mechanical spraying to obtain a hydrophilic surface DS8;
in the step (3), the hydrophilic surface DS8 is taken as the water collecting sheet DQ8, and the water collecting assembly is obtained by parallel assembly of the water collecting sheets DQ8 at an inclined angle of 60 DEG, wherein the ratio of the distance between two adjacent water collecting sheets to the width of the water collecting sheet DQ8 is So that the projection of the water-collecting sheet DQ8 can cover the water surface by 100%.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, compared with the polypropylene sheet, the hydrophilic surface provided by the invention effectively improves the hydrophilicity of the hydrophilic surface to achieve super hydrophilicity on the premise of ensuring the unchanged mechanical properties; meanwhile, the water collecting sheet containing the hydrophilic surface has a small water contact angle and high water collecting efficiency, and especially, the comprehensive performance of the water collecting component containing the hydrophilic surface is further improved by adjusting the surface grafting rate parameter of the hydrophilic surface in the water collecting sheet, so that the water collecting efficiency of the water collecting component is improved.
In comparison with example 6, example 1 further improved the hydrophilic performance of the hydrophilic surface by limiting the weight ratio of the polypropylene sheet to the etchant within the preferred protective range and by reducing the water contact angle and improving the grafting ratio, thereby effectively improving the water collection efficiency of the water collection sheet containing the hydrophilic surface.
In comparison with example 7, in example 1, the weight ratio of the monomer defining the hydrophilic side group to the modified polypropylene sheet is in the preferred protective range, and the hydrophilic performance of the hydrophilic surface is further improved by improving the grafting rate, so that the water collecting efficiency of the water collecting sheet containing the hydrophilic surface is effectively improved.
In comparison with example 8, example 1 further improved the hydrophilic performance of the hydrophilic surface by reducing the water contact angle and improving the grafting ratio by limiting the conditions of microwave irradiation within the preferred protective range, thereby effectively improving the water collection efficiency of the water collection sheet containing the hydrophilic surface.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, a number of simple variants of the technical solution of the invention are possible, including combinations of the individual technical features in any other suitable way, which simple variants and combinations should likewise be regarded as being disclosed by the invention, all falling within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (17)
1. The water collecting assembly is characterized by being assembled by a plurality of water collecting sheets, and the inclination angle of the water collecting sheets is 10-80 degrees;
the water collecting sheet comprises a hydrophilic surface, wherein the hydrophilic surface is a polypropylene sheet with a micro-nano structure, the micro-nano structure is grafted with a hydrophilic side group, and the micro-nano structure exists in a protruding and/or recessed mode;
wherein, in the hydrophilic surface, the surface grafting rate of the hydrophilic side group is 10-50wt%;
Wherein the polypropylene sheet is a foaming polypropylene sheet, and the average pore diameter of the surface of the foaming polypropylene sheet is 10-100 mu m; bending strength is 0.1-1MPa; the thickness is 0.1-1cm;
wherein the hydrophilic surface is prepared by the following method: contacting the polypropylene sheet with an etchant and performing first drying to form protrusions and/or grooves with micro-nano structures on the polypropylene sheet to obtain a modified polypropylene sheet; coating a monomer of a hydrophilic side group on the modified polypropylene sheet, and then carrying out microwave irradiation to graft the hydrophilic side group on the micro-nano structure of the modified polypropylene sheet so as to obtain the hydrophilic surface; the conditions of the contacting include: the temperature is 15-70 ℃ and the time is 1-24h; the conditions of the microwave irradiation include: the irradiation power is 1500-27000W, and the irradiation time is 1s-1min.
2. The water collection assembly according to claim 1, wherein the water collection assembly is assembled from a plurality of the water collection sheets in parallel by a skeleton at an inclination angle of 10-80 °;
and/or the inclination angle of the water collecting sheet is 30-60 degrees;
and/or the ratio of the distance between two adjacent water collecting sheets to the width of the water collecting sheets is 0.1-0.9:1, a step of;
And/or the vertical distance from the bottom of the water collecting component to the water surface is less than 15cm;
and/or the water-collecting sheet further comprises a substrate, and the hydrophilic surface is supported on the substrate.
3. The water collection assembly of claim 2, wherein a ratio of a spacing of adjacent two of the water collection sheets to a width of the water collection sheets is
And/or the vertical distance between the bottom of the water collecting component and the water surface is 0-10cm.
4. The water collection assembly of claim 1, wherein,
the average pore diameter of the surface of the foaming polypropylene sheet is 20-60 mu m; bending strength is 0.1-0.5MPa; the thickness is 0.1-0.5cm;
and/or the foaming polypropylene sheet is prepared by foaming at least one selected from a homo-polypropylene sheet, a random copolymerization polypropylene sheet and an impact copolymerization polypropylene sheet with the polypropylene content more than or equal to 50 wt%;
and/or the length of the micro-nano structure is 1nm-100 μm; the depth is 1 μm-1mm.
5. The water collection assembly of claim 4, wherein the micro-nano structure has a length of 500nm-50 μιη; the depth is 50-500 μm.
6. The water collection assembly of claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic side group is a side group containing a heteroatom and a carbon-carbon double bond of at least one element selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, silicon, and halogen;
And/or the monomer of the hydrophilic side group is selected from at least one of an organic acid, an organic acid derivative, and a vinyl silane.
7. The water collection assembly according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the water collection sheet has a water contact angle < 30 °; the water collecting efficiency is more than 20g/cm 2 ·h。
8. The water collection assembly of claim 7, wherein the water collection sheet has a water contact angle of 0-15 °; the water collecting efficiency is 25-50g/cm 2 ·h。
9. The water collection assembly of claim 8, wherein the water collection sheet has a water contact angle of 0 °.
10. A method of making a water collection assembly, comprising the steps of:
(1) Contacting the polypropylene sheet with an etchant and performing first drying to form protrusions and/or grooves with micro-nano structures on the polypropylene sheet to obtain a modified polypropylene sheet; the conditions of the contacting include: the temperature is 15-70 ℃ and the time is 1-24h;
(2) Coating a monomer of a hydrophilic side group on the modified polypropylene sheet, and then carrying out microwave irradiation to graft the hydrophilic side group on the micro-nano structure of the modified polypropylene sheet so as to obtain a hydrophilic surface; the conditions of the microwave irradiation include: the irradiation power is 1500-27000W, and the irradiation time is 1s-1min;
(3) Assembling a plurality of water collecting sheets containing the hydrophilic surface to obtain a water collecting assembly;
wherein the inclination angle of the water collecting sheet is 10-80 degrees;
wherein, in the hydrophilic surface, the surface grafting rate of the hydrophilic side group is 10-50wt%;
wherein the polypropylene sheet is a foaming polypropylene sheet, and the average pore diameter of the surface of the foaming polypropylene sheet is 10-100 mu m; bending strength is 0.1-1MPa; the thickness is 0.1-1cm.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein in step (1), the weight ratio of the polypropylene sheet and etchant is 0.1 to 100:100;
and/or, the contact mode is soaking;
and/or, the contacting conditions include: the temperature is 20-60 ℃ and the time is 5-15h.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the weight ratio of polypropylene sheet to etchant is 0.5-50:100.
13. the method of claim 12, wherein the polypropylene sheet and etchant are present in a weight ratio of 1-30:100.
14. the method of claim 10, wherein in step (2), the weight ratio of the hydrophilic side group monomer to the modified polypropylene sheet is from 10 to 50:100;
and/or, the conditions of microwave irradiation include: the irradiation power is 1500-15000W; the irradiation time is 1-30s;
And/or, in step (3), the manner of assembly includes: and assembling a plurality of water collecting sheets in parallel through the framework at an inclined angle of 10-80 degrees.
15. The method of claim 10, wherein the weight ratio of the hydrophilic side group monomer to the modified polypropylene sheet is from 10 to 30:100.
16. the method according to any one of claims 10-15, wherein the method further comprises: washing and secondary drying the microwave irradiated product before the assembly;
and/or, the method further comprises: when the monomer of the hydrophilic side group is an organic acid, anhydride and/or ester of the organic acid, salifying the second dried product with alkali, and cleaning and third drying the salified product.
17. A water collecting device, characterized in that the water collecting device is internally provided with a water collecting assembly according to any one of claims 1-9, or a water collecting assembly obtainable by a method according to any one of claims 10-16.
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| WO2014000167A1 (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-03 | 新乡市中科科技有限公司 | Method for continuous hydrophilic modification of microporous polypropylene film |
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| CN112409628A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-02-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Super-wetting surface and preparation method and application thereof |
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| WO2014000167A1 (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-03 | 新乡市中科科技有限公司 | Method for continuous hydrophilic modification of microporous polypropylene film |
| KR20140133327A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-19 | 단국대학교 산학협력단 | Method for fabricating superhydrophobic surface of polymeric material |
| CN112409628A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-02-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Super-wetting surface and preparation method and application thereof |
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